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2.1. Rail Fuel Efficiency Federal Railroad Administration Final Report Comparative Evaluation of Rail and Truck Fuel Efficiency on Competitive Corridors November 19, 2009 NOTICE This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the Department of Transportation in the interest of information exchange. The United States Government assumes no liability for its contents or use thereof. NOTICE The United States Government does not endorse products or manufacturers. Trade or manufacturers’ names appear herein solely because they are considered essential to the objective of this report. REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188), Washington, DC 20503. 1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED 11/19/2009 Final Report 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5. FUNDING NUMBERS Comparative Evaluation of Rail and Truck Fuel Efficiency on Competitive Corridors DTFR53-07-Q-00021 6. AUTHOR(S) ICF International 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION ICF International REPORT NUMBER 9300 Lee Highway N/A Fairfax, VA 22031 9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY REPORT NUMBER U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Railroad Administration Office of Policy and Communications Washington, DC 20590 11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES COTR: Mr. Scott Greene, FRA Office of Policy and Communications 12a. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT 12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE This document is available to the public through the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161, and at www.fra.dot.gov. 13. ABSTRACT This study provides a comparative evaluation of rail and truck fuel efficiency on corridors and services in which both modes compete. For the purposes of this study, competitive movements are defined as those of the same commodity having the same (or proximate) origin and destination (O-D) pairs. This study also provides an analysis of past and future trends of rail and truck fuel efficiency. 14. SUBJECT TERMS 15. NUMBER OF PAGES fuel efficiency, rail, truck, ton-miles per gallon, rail fuel efficiency, rail fuel consumption, 156 rail energy efficiency, truck energy efficiency, mode comparison, freight energy. 16. PRICE CODE 17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 18. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 19. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 20. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT OF REPORT OF THIS PAGE OF ABSTRACT Unclassified Unclassified Unclassified Federal Railroad Administration Comparative Evaluation of Rail and Truck Fuel Efficiency on Competitive Corridors November 19, 2009 Prepared for U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Railroad Administration Office of Policy and Communications 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE Washington, DC 20590 Prepared by: ICF International 9300 Lee Highway Fairfax, VA 22031 Contact: Cristiano Façanha (415) 677-7124 [email protected] Table of Contents List of Exhibits ...........................................................................................................................iii List of Acronyms........................................................................................................................iv Chapter 1. Introduction and Summary of Findings ............................................................1 1.1. Study Objectives...........................................................................................................1 1.2. Study Background ........................................................................................................1 1.3. Study Organization.......................................................................................................2 1.4. Methodology.................................................................................................................3 1.5. Summary of Findings....................................................................................................4 Chapter 2. Past Trends in Rail and Truck Fuel Efficiency................................................11 2.1. Rail Fuel Efficiency.....................................................................................................11 2.1.1. Overall Evolution of Railroad Traffic and Fuel Consumption...................................................12 2.1.2. Railroad Locomotive Fleet Composition and Technology Developments...........................14 2.1.3. Non-locomotive Technology Improvements..................................................................................23 2.1.4. Operational and Train Control Improvements ..............................................................................28 2.1.5. Impediments to Implementation of Fuel-Saving Actions...........................................................30 2.1.6. Summary of Findings............................................................................................................................33 2.2. Truck Fuel Efficiency ..................................................................................................35 2.2.1. Overall Evolution of Truck Fuel Efficiency .....................................................................................35 2.2.2. Truck Engine Improvements and Effects of Emission Regulations.......................................38 2.2.3. Non-Engine Technology Improvements and Changes in Fleet Composition.....................39 2.2.4. Operational Factors...............................................................................................................................46 2.2.5. Other Factors Affecting Fuel-Saving Strategies...........................................................................48 2.2.6. Summary of Findings............................................................................................................................50 Chapter 3. Identification of Competing Services and Commodities...............................51 3.1. Definition of a Competitive Movement........................................................................51 3.2. Selection Criteria ........................................................................................................52 3.3. Final List of Competitive Movements..........................................................................52 Chapter 4. Calculation of Rail and Truck Fuel Efficiency.................................................55 4.1. Fuel Efficiency Metrics................................................................................................55 4.2. Rail Fuel Consumption ...............................................................................................56 4.2.1. Characterization of Rail Movements................................................................................................57 4.2.2. Rail Fuel Efficiency Calculation.........................................................................................................60 4.3. Truck Fuel Consumption ............................................................................................61 4.3.1. Truck Simulation Models .....................................................................................................................61 4.3.2. Characterization of Truck Movements ............................................................................................63 4.3.3. Truck Fuel Efficiency Calculation......................................................................................................66 4.4. Consideration of Empty Miles.....................................................................................66 ICF International i Federal Railroad Administration Comparative Evaluation of Rail and Truck Fuel Efficiency on Competitive Corridors 4.5. Simulation Results......................................................................................................69 4.5.1. General Comparison of Rail and Truck Fuel Efficiency.............................................................70 4.5.2. Effects of Individual Parameters on Fuel Efficiency ...................................................................79 4.6. Evolution of Rail and Truck Fuel Efficiency ................................................................82 Chapter 5. Future Trends in Rail and Truck Fuel Efficiency............................................84 5.1. Diesel Fuel and Energy Prices ...................................................................................84 5.2. Rail Fuel Efficiency.....................................................................................................85 5.2.1. External Factors Affecting Railroad Fuel Efficiency....................................................................87 5.2.2. Short-Term Actions to Improve Fuel Efficiency............................................................................90 5.2.3. Medium-Term Evolutionary Fuel Efficiency Improvement Opportunities.............................92
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