An Advanced Course in Colville-Okanagan Salish Revised 06/5/17 2

N̓səl̓xcin̓ 3 An Advanced Course in

Colville-Okanagan Salish

by Sʕamtíc̓aʔ

(Sarah Peterson)

and Christopher Parkin

2nd edition n̓səl̓xcin̓3: An Advanced Course in Colville-Okanagan

Authors’ Notes

The first edition of n̓səl̓xcin̓ 3 was developed over the course of several years, from April 2007 to April of 2015 with support from Salish School of Spokane, The Center for Interior Salish, The Paul Creek Language Association, the Lower Similkameen Indian Band, and the First People’s Heritage, Language, and Culture Council of British Columbia. This book is the fifth in a series of six books that comprise the N̓səl̓xcin̓ CurriculumProject that is being developed by Salish School of Spokane and The Paul Creek Language Association and our partners. This 2017 second edition includes corrections, additional comprehension and grammatical exercises, as well as revised spellings. This work is meant to offer advanced students an opportunity to hear and read n̓səl̓xcin̓ language texts about animals, plants, and cultural topics that are at the heart of Syilx (Salish) culture. The narratives are accompanied by vocabulary lists, comprehension questions, verbal paradigms, example sentences and grammatical notes. Before studying this book, students are expected to have mastered the material in the first four books, N̓səl̓xcin̓ 1, Captíkʷł ,1 N̓səl̓xcin̓2 , and Captíkʷł ,2 that precede this work in the overall Salish Curriculum Project series. Sʕamtíc̓aʔ (Sarah Peterson) provided all of the n̓səl̓xcin̓ language texts in this work, translating from English originals researched and composed by Christopher Parkin. The overall organization of this work, including selection of texts, follow up questions, grammatical exercises, choice of themes, scope, and sequence are the work of Christopher Parkin. The authors express their sincere gratitude to all those who have supported the creation of this work, and we apologize for any inaccuracies. way, lim̓lm̓t.

Sʕamtíc̓aʔ (Sarah Peterson) ʕAn̓n̓ (Christopher Parkin)

This is a copyrighted work. Interested persons may duplicate these materials for NON-COMMERCIAL purposes so long as credit is given to the authors.

N̓səl̓xcin̓ 3: An Advanced Course in Colville-Okanagan Salish revised 06/5/17 2

smy̓may̓ 2: scaʔáqʷ

N̓səl̓xcin̓ 3: An Advanced Course in Colville-Okanagan Salish revised 06/5/17 3

smy̓máy̓ 2: scaʔáqʷ

01. scaʔáqʷ 02. sx̌ʷy̓ʔiłpx 03. ƛ̓lal̓, tm̓niʔ uł cliq̓ 04. ƛ̓lal̓ iʔ sql̓tmixʷ- Christine Quintasket 05. sx̌ʷusm̓ 06. síyaʔ 07. sxʷaʔxʷaʔn̓kíłp 08. səxʷk̓ʷan̓łqm̓ uł stxət̓sqáx̌aʔm̓: tq̓im̓tq̓m̓ 09. st̓xəłqiłəml̓x uł st̓xałq 10. skm̓km̓xist 11. n̓ty̓tyix 12. n̓ty̓tyix (sʔiłn̓) 13. cłəłt̓am̓k̓l̓ Sx̌ʷnitkʷ 14. ʔaʔsíw̓ł 15. səxʷk̓ʷan̓łqm̓ uł stxət̓sqáx̌aʔm̓: st̓qmix t sw̓púlaʔxʷ 16. stxət̓il̓tm̓- səxʷtxt̓il̓tm̓ 17. łəx̌ʷłax̌ʷ 18. ʕ̓ay̓ckst

N̓səl̓xcin̓ 3: An Advanced Course in Colville-Okanagan Salish revised 06/5/17 4

01. iʔ scaʔáqʷm̓ sʔaʔúm̓s n̓tx̌ʷəx̌ʷqin̓ noon smy̓may̓ cnuʔís ʔi x̌iyáłnxʷ ła n̓tx̌ʷəx̌ʷqin̓. nixʷ t sx̌l̓x̌ʕal̓t uł noon kʷaʔál̓. ła ccix̌cəx̌t iʔ sx̌l̓x̌ʕal̓t ixíʔ uł c̓əq̓c̓q̓am̓, sww̓íkiʔstm̓. iʔ k̓ʷiƛ̓t aʔ cc̓aʔc̓aʔák̓ʷm̓ k̓ʷul̓l̓ t sp̓y̓qałq. caʔáqʷm̓uł kʷu q̓ʷl̓q̓ʷliw̓m̓. sn̓súxʷnaʔ sw̓łtiłn̓ 1. l̓ scaʔáqʷ, pn̓kin̓ cnuʔís iʔ x̌iyáłnxʷ ? 2. c̓kin̓ iʔ sx̌l̓x̌ʕal̓t mi caʔáqʷm̓ ? 3. əxkinm̓ła ccix̌cəx̌t iʔ sx̌l̓x̌ʕal̓t l̓ scaʔáqʷ ? 4. stim̓a ʔ c̓kistm̓l̓ scaʔáqʷ ? an̓cáw̓t sw̓łtiłn̓ 1. kʷ k̓aʔkín̓ t n̓tx̌ʷəx̌ʷqin̓ t spiʔsc̓íłt ? may̓xít. 2. stim̓ an̓n̓tx̌ʷəx̌ʷqin̓m̓ sʔiłn̓ t spiʔsc̓íłt ? may̓xít. 3. ha c̓əqc̓qam̓, sww̓íkiʔstm̓ l̓ a sn̓ilíʔtn̓ t ən qskʕacíw̓s ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 4. stim̓ asx̌w̓x̌w̓us sp̓y̓qałq ?səxkinx ? may̓xít. 5. ha kʷ cq̓ʷl̓q̓ʷliw̓m̓ t síyaʔ ? t st̓xałq ? iʔ k̓ʷiƛ̓t iʔ sp̓y̓qałq ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? skłʔiy̓sm̓ t x̌ilm̓s ʔaʔúm̓s A. Past/Present Instransitive aksck̓ʷúl̓: change the sentence according to the prompts, then translate to nuyápixcn̓. iʔ k̓ʷiƛ̓t aʔ cc̓aʔc̓aʔák̓ʷm̓k̓ʷul̓l̓ t sp̓y̓qałq.

EX: in̓cá / sql̓tmixʷ: kn̓ k̓ʷul̓l̓ tsql̓tmixʷ.

1. anwí / tkəłmilxʷ: nuyápixcn̓:

2. Sapát / st̓aʔkmíx: nuyápixcn̓:

3. in̓cá naʔł N̓c̓q̓əq̓úlaʔxʷqn̓ / səxʷmaʔmáyaʔm̓ nuyápixcn̓:

N̓səl̓xcin̓ 3: An Advanced Course in Colville-Okanagan Salish revised 06/5/17 5

4. anwí naʔł Papílyaʔqn̓ / tw̓tw̓it nuyápixcn̓:

5. iłqaqáqcaʔ / səxʷknxcutn̓ t səxʷmrim̓ nuyápixcn̓:

ck̓ʷul̓m̓stm̓ iʔ sʔaʔúm̓s 1. n̓tx̌ʷəx̌ʷqin̓- noon reduplication: n̓tx̌ʷtx̌ʷəx̌ʷqin example sentences: 1. cnuʔís ʔi x̌iyáłnxʷ ła n̓tx̌ʷəx̌ʷqin̓. (The sun̓ is high up in the sky at noon.) 2. kʷu ksʔúl̓luʔsaʔx k̓ in̓cítxʷ łə x̌lap əł n̓tx̌ʷəx̌ʷqin̓. (We are going to gather at my house at noon tomorrow.) 3. ha way n̓tx̌ʷəx̌ʷqin̓. (Is it already noon?)

N̓səl̓xcin̓ 3: An Advanced Course in Colville-Okanagan Salish revised 06/5/17 6

02. sx̌ʷy̓ʔiłpx sʔaʔúm̓s sx̌ʷy̓ʔiłpx Colvile people Tkʷəkʷar̓kʷr̓xnm̓ Rogers Bar qʷy̓úlaʔxʷ wealthy / rich n̓qaqxʷl̓xtn̓ fishery ckn̓kn̓xtwixʷ help each other cn̓x̌siw̓s get along with ck̓nay̓xípm̓s / k̓nay̓xípm̓ this side of river sn̓pʕawílxəx San Poil people sn̓xʷmínaʔx Spokane people máʔr̓wiʔ mix n̓səxʷnaʔnwíxʷ understand each other nəqsil̓t family kłn̓łəłqʷípaʔst breechclout k̓łxʷipl̓sts / k̓łxʷipl̓s breechclout flaps clk̓qinm̓ wear headband wsxnal̓qs long dress kl̓kl̓k̓aqstxn̓ leggings spƛ̓m̓qin̓ mouth of river sk̓ałʔál̓qʷx suyápix Americans n̓tqiw̓s a dam t̓ik̓t flood n̓wstúlaʔxʷ high ground sx̌ʷy̓ʔiłp sqlxʷúlaʔxʷ Colville Indian Reservation smy̓may̓ q̓sápiʔ, iʔ sx̌ʷy̓ʔiłpx l̓ yʕacín̓s iʔ n̓x̌ʷn̓tkʷitkʷ kiʔ kʷliw̓t tl̓ Colvile people Tkʷəkʷar̓kʷr̓xnm̓ uł k̓l̓ n̓ʔiƛ̓l̓tks Sx̌ʷnitkʷ. iʔ sx̌ʷy̓ʔiłpx nixʷ itlíʔ Rogers Bar kʷl̓kʷliw̓t l̓ N̓ƛ̓qmitkʷ uł ta ck̓l̓ sʔaw̓tím̓tk k̓l̓ N̓qʷy̓qʷy̓ʕatkʷ. iʔ sx̌ʷy̓ʔiłpx nixʷ cwəxwix l̓ n̓x̌ʷiyałpítkʷ cʔúluʔs l̓ sn̓ʕ̓ay̓ckstx. iʔ sx̌ʷy̓ʔiłpx qʷy̓úlaʔxʷ t sqilxʷ, áłiʔ ctxət̓stisəl̓x iʔ n̓qaqxʷl̓xtn̓ k̓l̓ wealthy; fishery Sx̌ʷnitkʷ. iʔ sx̌ʷy̓ʔiłpx cxiʔxiʔstís ʕy at iʔ sqilxʷ łə kskłqaqxʷl̓xm̓s l̓ Sx̌ʷnitkʷ. ckn̓knxtwixʷ, cn̓x̌siw̓səl̓x uł n̓k̓ʷak̓ʷín̓m̓ t kły̓lmixʷm̓s help each other; N̓səl̓xcin̓ 3: An Advanced Course in Colville-Okanagan Salish revised 06/5/17 7

l̓ n̓ty̓tyix. ła ckłqaqxʷl̓xm̓i ʔ sqilxʷ k̓l̓ Sx̌ʷnitkʷ, yʕat iʔ sqilxʷ get along with kłn̓pul̓xtn̓ k̓a n̓sq̓ʷutm̓s iʔ saʔtítkʷ m̓k k̓l̓ ck̓nay̓xípm̓s. nax̌m̓ł yʕat taʔkín̓ cpul̓x ʔi sx̌ʷy̓ʔiłpx, ixíʔ mi ctxət̓stis xkinm̓ iʔ n̓ty̓tyix. side of water iʔ sx̌ʷy̓ʔiłpx xʷʔit iʔ n̓ty̓tyixs l̓ tm̓xʷúlaʔxʷs, ixíʔ uł lut taʔlí t̓a cpix̌məl̓x c̓x̌ił t sn̓ʕ̓ay̓ckstx, nax̌m̓ł way̓ cpix̌sts ʔi sƛ̓aʔcínm̓. lut t̓ xʷʔit iʔ styíłc̓aʔ, sx̌ʷƛ̓iʔ km̓ yilíkʷl̓xkn̓ l̓ sx̌ʷy̓ʔiłpx tm̓xʷúlaʔxʷs. ixíʔ uł lut qʷay̓ cpix̌sts c̓x̌ił t sn̓ʕ̓ay̓ckstx. iʔ sx̌ʷy̓ʔiłpx qʷay̓qʷy̓t iʔ sp̓iƛ̓m̓na ʔł c̓x̌ʷlúsaʔ, ixíʔ ctixʷstsəl̓x uł əcn̓ʔay̓xʷíw̓stsəl̓x k̓l̓ k̓ʷiƛ̓t iʔ sqilxʷ. abundant l̓ scaʔáq̓ iʔ sx̌ʷy̓ʔiłpx l̓ sxʷul̓łxʷ kiʔ n̓kʷliw̓t ckilxʷíc̓aʔ t tukʷtán̓. lut ck̓ʷul̓m̓sts iʔ k̓iʔlílxʷ c̓x̌ił t sn̓ʕ̓ay̓ckstx. iʔ sx̌ʷy̓ʔiłpx kłəʔam̓ki ʔ kʷliw̓t k̓l̓ sn̓pʕawílxəx naʔł sn̓xʷmínaʔx uł máʔr̓wiʔəl̓x. San Poil people iʔ sx̌ʷy̓ʔiłpx naʔł sn̓xʷmínaʔx cn̓səxʷnaʔwíxʷ uł əcqʷaʔqʷʔálx. Spokane people; iʔ sx̌ʷy̓ʔiłpx cʔam̓xlwís ła caʔáqʷm̓ c̓x̌ił t sn̓ʕ̓ay̓ckstx. mix; understand łə qipcm̓uł caʔáqʷm̓ xʷuy̓y̓əl̓x k̓l̓ tx̌siw̓s uł wc̓wic̓m̓ t sp̓iƛ̓m̓, uł each other nixʷ cx̌ƛ̓x̌iƛ̓m̓ k̓l̓ wist ilíʔ kaʔ cq̓ʷl̓q̓ʷliw̓m̓ tst̓x̌ałq. iʔ sx̌ʷy̓ʔiłpx misxʷʔít iʔ síyaʔs l̓ tm̓xʷúlaʔxʷsəl̓x, ixíʔ uł misxʷʔít ła ctixʷm̓ki ʔ tl̓ sn̓ʕ̓ay̓ckstx. cʔistkm̓ iʔ sx̌ʷy̓ʔiłpx l̓ p̓ísƛ̓aʔt tukʷtán̓ snilíʔtn̓ kiʔ kʷliw̓t. lut iʔ qʷc̓iʔ ck̓ʷul̓m̓stsəl̓x. taʔlí p̓ísƛ̓aʔt iʔ snilíʔtn̓ uł wswisxn̓, mat k̓l̓ kaʔłís km̓mus iʔ nəqsil̓t ilíʔ kskʷlíw̓taʔx. family c̓x̌ił yʕat iʔ syilx, iʔ sx̌ʷy̓ʔiłpx ck̓ʷul̓m̓stəl̓x ʔi kʷil̓stn̓ uł nixʷ cnixʷáməl̓x. kłƛ̓aʔƛ̓aʔkʷílxəl̓x ixíʔ cpuxʷsts aʔ cq̓al̓ʔíl̓t ck̓ʷul̓m̓stsʔ i sumíxs. iʔ sx̌ʷy̓ʔiłpx c̓x̌ił t syilx ła cx̌cmn̓cut. iʔ sql̓ql̓tmixʷi ʔ lasmístsʔ asíl̓ síp̓iʔ aʔ ck̓ʷul̓m̓sts, kłn̓łəłqʷípaʔst iʔ t yiq̓íp ʔka breechclout ckʕ̓acstís ʔi k̓łxʷipl̓sts uł csəp̓síp̓iʔxn̓ uł wswisxn̓ iʔ breechclout flaps skʕ̓acʕacqín̓xn̓s. iʔ sql̓ql̓tmixʷ cqʷacqnm̓k m̓ clk̓qinm̓. iʔ wear headband smam̓ʔím̓ cwsxnal̓qs t síp̓iʔ uł cyiq̓íp,ə t̓ t̓q̓t̓áq̓aʔt iʔ kl̓kl̓k̓aqstxn̓s long dress uł csəp̓síp̓iʔxn̓. iʔ smam̓ʔím̓nixʷ cqʷəcqʷacqnm̓ km̓ clk̓lk̓qinm̓. leggings ʕapnáʔ iʔ sx̌ʷy̓ʔiłpx t̓ixʷəxʷlm̓. łə cy̓ʕap iʔ sm̓sámaʔ ixíʔ xʷʔit kʷisəl̓x ʔi n̓ty̓tyix tl̓ spƛ̓m̓qin̓s iʔ sn̓x̌ʷn̓tkʷitkʷ. x̌ilm̓ itíʔ uł mouth of river lut sxʷʔits iʔ n̓ty̓tyix k̓l̓ Sx̌ʷnitkʷ. iʔ sx̌ʷy̓ʔiłpx nixʷ xʷʔit iʔ ƛ̓axʷt tl̓ sʔacqʔíc̓aʔ uł tl̓ ct̓xʷt̓ixʷlm̓ t sq̓il̓t. ixíʔ sic iʔ sk̓ałʔál̓qʷx Americans suyápix tqips iʔ sn̓x̌ʷn̓tkʷitkʷ. iʔ n̓tqiw̓s ƛ̓l̓pstis iʔ n̓ty̓tyixə ł a dam ksk̓łkíciʔs iʔ sx̌ʷy̓ʔiłpx iʔ tm̓xʷúlaʔxʷs uł t̓ik̓t iʔ taw̓n̓ laʔkín̓ kiʔ flood kʷliw̓t iʔ sqilxʷ. yʕat iʔ sqilxʷ iʔ kʷliw̓t ilíʔ ʔam̓ʔím̓xəl̓x k̓l̓ N̓səl̓xcin̓ 3: An Advanced Course in Colville-Okanagan Salish revised 06/5/17 8

n̓wstúlaʔxʷ. iʔ sx̌ʷy̓ʔiłpx, iʔ sn̓ʕ̓ay̓ckstx ixíʔ k̓ʷul̓səl̓x ʔi sic t taw̓n, high ground ʔum̓səl̓x N̓caʔlíwm̓. ʕapnáʔ xʷʔit iʔ sx̌ʷy̓ʔiłpx kʷliw̓t l̓ N̓caʔlíwm̓. ixíʔ t sqlxʷúlaʔxʷ ʔúm̓laʔxʷsəl̓x "sx̌ʷy̓ʔiłp sqlxʷúlaʔxʷ". Colville Indian Reservation sn̓súxʷnaʔ sw̓łtiłn̓ 1. q̓sápiʔ, k̓aʔkín̓ kiʔ kʷliw̓t iʔ sx̌ʷy̓ʔiłpx ? 2. swit iʔ kʷliw̓t l̓ n̓ƛ̓qmitkʷ uł ta ck̓l̓ n̓qʷy̓qʷy̓ʕatkʷ ? 3. k̓aʔkín̓ kaʔ cʔúlus iʔ sx̌ʷy̓ʔiłpx naʔł sn̓ʕ̓ay̓ckstx ? 4. x̌l̓ stim̓uł qʷy̓úlaʔx t sqilxʷ iʔ sx̌ʷy̓ʔiłpx ? 5. swit iʔ lutstm̓ t sx̌ʷy̓ʔiłpx kskłqaqxʷl̓xm̓s l̓ Sx̌ʷnitkʷ ? 6. k̓aʔkín̓ kaʔ kłn̓pul̓xtn̓ yʕat iʔ sqilxʷ k̓l̓ Sx̌ʷnitkʷ ? 7. k̓aʔkín̓ kaʔ cpul̓x iʔ sx̌ʷy̓ʔiłpx ? 8. səxkinx uł lut taʔlí t̓a cpix̌məl̓x iʔ sx̌ʷy̓ʔiłpx c̓x̌ił t sn̓ʕ̓ay̓ckstx ? 9. səxkinx uł lut qʷay̓ iʔ sx̌ʷy̓ʔiłpx cpix̌sts iʔ yilíkʷl̓xkn̓, styíłc̓aʔ km̓sx̌ʷƛ̓i ʔ ? 10. stim̓i ʔ sʕax̌ʷip ctixʷstsəl̓x ʔi sx̌ʷy̓ʔiłpx ? 11. l̓ stim̓ka ʔ cn̓kʷliw̓t iʔ sx̌ʷy̓ʔiłpx l̓ scaʔáq̓ ? 12. k̓l̓ swit máʔr̓wiʔəl̓x iʔ sx̌ʷy̓ʔiłpx ? 13. stim̓a ʔ c̓kists ʔi sx̌ʷy̓ʔiłpx ła caʔáqʷm̓? 14. k̓aʔkín̓ uł xʷuy̓y̓əl̓x iʔ sx̌ʷy̓ʔiłpx mi wc̓wic̓m̓ t sp̓iƛ̓m̓ ? 15. stim̓i ʔ cq̓ʷl̓q̓ʷliw̓stsəl̓x iʔ sx̌ʷy̓ʔiłpx k̓l̓ aʔ cmq̓ʷmaq̓ʷ ? 16. l̓ stim̓ka ʔ cn̓kʷliw̓t iʔ sx̌ʷy̓ʔiłpx ła cʔistkm̓? 17. əxkistm̓a ʔ cq̓al̓ʔil̓t t ƛ̓aʔƛ̓aʔkʷílx ? 18. c̓kin̓ ła cx̌cmn̓cut iʔ sx̌ʷy̓ʔiłpx sql̓ql̓tmixʷ ? 19. c̓kin̓ ła cx̌cmn̓cut iʔ sx̌ʷy̓ʔiłpx smam̓ʔím̓? 20. k̓aʔkín̓ kiʔ kʷisəl̓x xʷʔit iʔ n̓ty̓tyixʔ i sm̓sámaʔ ? 21. xkinm̓uł kʷisəl̓x xʷʔit iʔ n̓ty̓tyix k̓l̓ sp̓łm̓qin̓s iʔ sn̓x̌ʷn̓tkʷitkʷ ? 22. tl̓ stim̓uł ƛ̓axʷt txʷaʔxʷʔít ʔi sx̌ʷy̓ʔiłpx ? 23. əxkistm̓i ʔ n̓ty̓tyix t n̓tqiw̓s k̓l̓ sn̓x̌ʷn̓tkʷitkʷ ? 24. səxkin̓ uł ʔam̓ʔim̓xəl̓x yʕat iʔ sx̌ʷy̓ʔiłpx iʔ kʷliw̓t k̓l̓ tawn̓ ? 25. ʕapnáʔ, k̓aʔkín̓ kiʔ xʷʔit iʔ sx̌ʷy̓ʔiłpx ? an̓cáw̓t sw̓łtiłn̓ 1. ha kʷ sx̌ʷy̓ʔiłpx ? ha sx̌ʷy̓ʔiłpx aslx̌láx̌t ? may̓xít. 2. ha qʷay̓ kʷ cxʷuy̓ k̓l̓ tkʷəkʷar̓kʷr̓xnm̓? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 3. ha qʷay̓ kʷ cxʷuy̓ k̓l̓ n̓ƛ̓qmitkʷ ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 4. ha qʷy̓úlaʔx asnəqsílxʷ ? aslx̌láx̌t ? may̓xít. 5. ha anwí km̓ asnəqsílxʷ p kłn̓qaqxʷl̓xtn̓ ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 6. ha p ckn̓knxtwixʷ anwí naʔł asnəqsílxʷ ? ha p cn̓x̌siw̓s ? may̓xít. 7. cpix̌stxʷ ʔi sƛ̓aʔcínm̓? swit l̓ anəqsílxʷ miscpix̌mímn̓ ? may̓xít. 8. ha c̓iłtstxʷ ʔi styíłc̓aʔ, sx̌ʷƛ̓iʔ km̓yilíkʷl̓xk n̓ ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 9. ha qʷay̓qʷy̓t iʔ sp̓iƛ̓m̓na ʔł c̓x̌ʷlúsaʔ k̓ik̓aʔt k̓l̓ asn̓ilíʔtn̓ ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ?

N̓səl̓xcin̓ 3: An Advanced Course in Colville-Okanagan Salish revised 06/5/17 9

10. ha kʷ sn̓pʕawílxəx km̓kʷ sn̓xʷmínaʔx ? ha aslx̌láx̌t ? may̓xít. 11. ha cmáʔr̓wiʔ iʔ sqilxʷ l̓ asnəqsílxʷ ? ha asnəqsílxʷ suyápix uł syilx km̓k̓ʷiƛ̓t iʔ sqilxʷ ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 12. ha p cn̓səxʷnaʔwíxʷ anwí naʔł asx̌mn̓káwaʔ ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 13. kʷ łə sk̓ʷək̓ʷíml̓t, ha p cʔam̓xlwís naʔł asnəqsílxʷ ? may̓xít. 14. t sqipcm̓, ha kʷ xʷuy̓ k̓l̓ tx̌siw̓s uł kʷ wc̓wic̓m̓t sp̓iƛ̓m̓ naʔł c̓x̌ʷlúsaʔ ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 15. ha kʷ ck̓ʷul̓m̓st iʔ kʷil̓stn̓ ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 16. ha kʷ cnixʷám̓ ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 17. kʷ ła cq̓il̓t, ha kʷ cxʷuy̓ k̓l̓ ƛ̓aʔkʷílx km̓ kʷ cxʷuy̓ k̓l̓ suyápix səxʷmrim̓ ? səxkinx ? 18. ha qʷay̓ kʷ ła cqʷacqnm̓ km̓kʷ ła clk̓qinm̓ ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 19. ha pn̓kin̓ kʷ xʷuy̓ k̓l̓ spƛ̓m̓qin̓s iʔ sn̓x̌ʷn̓tkʷitkʷ ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? may̓xít. 20. swit iʔ ƛ̓l̓pstixʷ t spiʔsc̓íłt ? swit iʔ ƛƛ̓l̓pstum̓s ? may̓xít. 21. ła cqipcm̓, ha t̓ik̓t iʔ tm̓xʷúlaʔxʷ l̓ asn̓ilíʔtn̓ ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 22. l̓ scaʔáqʷm̓, ha kʷ cx̌iƛ̓m̓ k̓l̓ n̓wstúlaʔxʷ ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 23. ha qʷay̓ kʷ cxʷuy̓ k̓l̓ N̓caʔlíwm̓? c̓kin̓ ilíʔ ? may̓xít. 24. ha qʷay̓ kʷ cxʷuy̓ k̓l̓ sx̌ʷy̓ʔiłp sqlxʷúlaʔxʷ ? k̓l̓ k̓aʔkín̓ ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? may̓xít. skłʔiy̓sm̓ t x̌ilm̓s ʔaʔúm̓s A. Transitive to Transitive -nt Commands aksck̓ʷúl̓: change each phrase into a transitive command. Follow the model. Translate both the phrase and the new command to English.

EX: ctxət̓stis iʔ n̓ty̓tyix. txt̓an̓t iʔ n̓ty̓tyix. nuyápixcn̓: S/he took care of the salmon. Take care of the salmon.

1. cpix̌sts ʔi sƛ̓aʔcínm̓. nuyápixcn̓:

2. ctixʷstsəl̓x ʔi c̓x̌ʷlúsaʔ. nuyápixcn̓:

3. lut ck̓ʷul̓m̓sts iʔ k̓iʔlílxʷ. nuyápixcn̓:

4. cpuxʷsts aʔ cq̓al̓ʔíl̓t. nuyápixcn̓:

5. iʔ t yiq̓íp kaʔ ckʕ̓acstís iʔ k̓łxʷipl̓sts. nuyápixcn̓:

6. kʷisəl̓x ʔi n̓ty̓tyix. nuyápixcn̓:

N̓səl̓xcin̓ 3: An Advanced Course in Colville-Okanagan Salish revised 06/5/17 10

7. tqips iʔ sn̓x̌ʷn̓tkʷitkʷ. nuyápixcn̓:

8. ƛ̓l̓pstisʔ i n̓ty̓tyix. nuyápixcn̓:

9. cxiʔxiʔstís łə kskłqaqxʷl̓xm̓s. nuyápixcn̓:

10. k̓ʷul̓səl̓x iʔ sic t taw̓n. nuyápixcn̓:

11. ʔum̓səl̓x n̓caʔlíwm̓. nuyápixcn̓:

ck̓ʷul̓m̓stm̓ iʔ sʔaʔúm̓s 1. sx̌ʷy̓ʔiłpx- Colvile people (Colvile Band of the Colville Confederated Tribes) example sentences: 1. q̓sápiʔ, iʔ sx̌ʷy̓ʔiłpx l̓ yʕacín̓s iʔ n̓x̌ʷn̓tkʷitkʷ kiʔ kʷliw̓t tl̓ tkʷəkʷar̓kʷr̓xnm̓uł k̓l̓ n̓ʔiƛ̓l̓tks Sx̌ʷnitkʷ. (A long time ago, the Colvile people lived all along the Columbia River, from Rodgers Bar, to north of Kettle Falls.) 2. taʔlí px̌əx̌pax̌tʔ i sx̌ʷy̓ʔiłpx. (The Colville people are smart.) 3. kʷ tlaʔkín̓ t sqilxʷ ? kn̓ sx̌ʷy̓ʔíłpx. (Where are you from? I'm from Colville.)

2. tkʷəkʷar̓kʷr̓xnm̓- Rogers Bar (location on the Columbia River) example sentences: 1. q̓sápiʔ, iʔ sx̌ʷy̓ʔiłpx l̓ yʕacín̓s iʔ n̓x̌ʷn̓tkʷitkʷ kiʔ kʷliw̓t tl̓ tkʷəkʷar̓kʷr̓xnm̓uł k̓l̓ n̓ʔiƛ̓l̓tks Sx̌ʷnitkʷ. (A long time ago, the Colvile people lived all along the Columbia River, from Rodgers Bar, to north of Kettle Falls.) 2. anwi kʷ tl̓ tkʷəkʷar̓xnm. ha x̌ast ilíʔ təmxʷu̓laʔxʷ? (You're from Rogers bar. How is the country over there?) 3. swy̓wy̓num̓tx iʔ sql̓ql̓tmixʷ tl̓ tkʷəkʷar̓kʷr̓xnm̓. (The men from Rogers Bar are handsome.)

3. qʷy̓úlaʔxʷ- wealthy / rich reduplication: qʷy̓qʷy̓úlaʔxʷ example sentences: 1. iʔ sx̌ʷy̓ʔiłpx qʷy̓úlaʔxʷ t sqilxʷ, áłiʔ ctxət̓stisəl̓x iʔ n̓qaqxʷl̓xtn̓ k̓l̓ Sx̌ʷnitkʷ. (The Colvile people were wealthy, because they controlled the fishery at Kettle Falls.) 2. iʔ qʷy̓qʷy̓úlaʔxʷ cp̓sƛ̓iłxʷ. (The rich have big houses.) 3. kn̓ łə ƛ̓x̌ap kn̓ ksqʷy̓úlaʔxʷaʔx. (When I grow up I'm going to be rich.)

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4. n̓qaqxʷl̓xtn̓- fishery example sentences: 1. iʔ sx̌ʷy̓ʔiłpx qʷy̓úlaʔxʷ t sqilxʷ, áłiʔ ctxət̓stisəl̓x iʔ n̓qaqxʷl̓xtn̓ k̓l̓ Sx̌ʷnitkʷ. (The Colvile people were wealthy, because they controlled the fishery at Kettle Falls.) 2. ist̓m̓kʔílt k̓l̓ sn̓qaqxʷl̓xtn̓ kaʔ ck̓ʷul̓m̓. (My daughter is working at the fishery) 3. k̓l̓ sqaqxʷl̓xtn̓ cʔulúʔstsəl̓x iʔ ʔik̓ʷn̓s iʔ qaqxʷl̓x. (At the fishery they collect the fish eggs.)

5. kn̓kn̓xitwixʷ- help each other example sentences: 1. ckn̓knxtwixʷ, cn̓x̌siw̓səl̓x uł n̓k̓ʷak̓ʷín̓m̓ t kłyilmíxʷm̓s l̓ n̓ty̓tyix. (They helped the people cooperate and get along with one another and to choose a Salmon Chief.) 2. q̓sápiʔ iʔ sqilxʷ ckn̓kn̓xtwixʷ ła ck̓ʷul̓m̓. (Long ago the people helped one another when they worked.) 3. t̓iʔ ʔaxkínm̓iʔ sqilxʷ uł ilíʔ kʷ cknxłtiłn. (What ever the people are doing you help them.)

6. nx̌siw̓s- get along with reduplication: example sentences: 1. ckn̓knxtwixʷ, cn̓x̌siw̓səl̓x uł n̓k̓ʷak̓ʷín̓m̓ t kłyilmíxʷm̓s l̓ n̓ty̓tyix. (They helped the people cooperate and get along with one another and to choose a Salmon Chief.) 2. t̓iʔ tl̓ scəcámaʔts uł way n̓x̌síliʔs. (They've gotten̓ along since they were kids.) 3. yʕat aʔ ck̓ʷl̓k̓ʷul̓m̓ n̓x̌siw̓səl̓x. (All the workers get along)

7. k̓nay̓xípm̓- on the side of water example sentences: 1. ła ckłqaqxʷl̓xm̓i ʔ sqilxʷ k̓l̓ Sx̌ʷnitkʷ, yʕat iʔ sqilxʷ kłn̓pul̓xtn̓ k̓a n̓sq̓ʷutm̓s iʔ saʔtítkʷ km̓k̓l̓ ck̓nay̓xípm̓s. (When the people were fishing at Kettle Falls, each tribe camped in a certain̓ place on one side or the other of the river.) 2. yʕacín̓m̓ ck̓nay̓xʔípm̓s iʔ saʔtítkʷ. (He went along this side of the river.) 3. iʔ ƛ̓ʔiʔsc k̓nay̓xípm̓s iʔ t̓ik̓ʷt mi ct̓aʔák̓ʷ. (His canoe is going to come out of the water on this side of the river.)

8. qʷay̓qʷy̓t- abundant singular: qʷay example sentences: 1. iʔ sx̌ʷy̓ʔiłpx qʷay̓qʷy̓t iʔ sp̓iƛ̓m̓na ʔł c̓x̌ʷlúsaʔ, ixíʔ ctixʷstsəl̓x uł əcn̓ʔay̓xʷíw̓stsəl̓x k̓l̓ k̓ʷiƛ̓t iʔ sqilxʷ. (The Colviles also had more bitterroot and camas in their lands, so they gathered a lot of those foods and traded them to other people.) 2. lut t̓sul̓t iʔ sp̓y̓qałq way cm̓qʷay̓qʷy̓t . (The soft fruit didnt freeze off so there should be plenty. ) 3. q̓sápiʔ lut qʷay̓qʷy̓t cwikstm̓iʔ kánti. (A long time ago, we very seldom̓ saw candy.)

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9. sn̓pʕawílxəx- San Poil people example sentences: 1. iʔ sx̌ʷy̓ʔiłpx kłəʔam̓ki ʔ kʷliw̓t k̓l̓ sn̓pʕawílxəx naʔł sn̓xʷəxʷmínaʔx uł maʔr̓rwíʔəlx. (The Colviles lived next to the San Poils and the Lower Spokanes, and they often intermarried with them.) 2. kn̓ kslx̌lax̌t tl̓ sn̓pʕawílxəx. (I have friends fom̓the San Poil.) 3. ik̓líʔ q̓sápiʔ ismút l̓ sn̓pʕawílxəx x̌ast ilíʔ ismút. (I lived with the San Poil for along time, I lived well there.)

10. sn̓xʷmínaʔx- Spokane people example sentences: 1. iʔ sx̌ʷy̓ʔiłpx kłəʔam̓ki ʔ kʷliw̓t k̓l̓ sn̓pʕawílxəx naʔł sn̓xʷəxʷmínaʔx uł maʔr̓rwíʔəlx. (The Colviles lived next to the San Poils and the Lower Spokanes, and they often intermarried with them.) 2. łəx̌mam̓isłəłwíl̓t k̓l̓ sn̓xʷmínaʔx. (My nephew is living with his woman's people, Spokanes.) 3. iʔ k̓l̓ sn̓xʷmínaʔx iʔ t̓m̓xʷúlaʔxʷs kaʔ kłʔítx̌ʷaʔ. (The Spokane country has black camas.)

11. máʔr̓wiʔ- mixed example sentences: 1. iʔ sx̌ʷy̓ʔiłpx kłəʔam̓ki ʔ kʷliw̓t k̓l̓ sn̓pʕawílxəx naʔł sn̓xʷəxʷmínaʔx uł máʔr̓wiʔəl̓x. (The Colviles lived next to the San Poils and the Lower Spokanes, and they often intermarried with them.) 2. n̓ʔax̌líkstmn̓t ułmáʔr̓r̓wiʔ. (Stir until its all mixed in.) 3. iʔ síyaʔ naʔł sp̓iƛ̓m̓cmar̓wiʔ t t̓axt uł x̌sʔiłn̓. (The sarviceberry and bitterroot is mixed with sugar and it tastes very good.)

12. n̓səxʷnaʔnwíxʷ- understand each other example sentences: 1. iʔ sx̌ʷy̓ʔiłpx naʔł sn̓xʷəxʷmínaʔx cn̓səxʷnaʔwíxʷ uł əcqʷaʔqʷaʔálx. (The Colviles and Spokanes also knew how to speak each others languages.) 2. q̓sápiʔ iʔ q̓ʷʕay̓l̓qs cn̓súxʷnaʔ ta n̓qilxʷcn. (Long ago the priests understood Native language.) 3. inkəkwápaʔ kʷuʔ cn̓súxʷnaʔm̓sts ła cn̓syilxcn̓stn̓ (My dog understands when I speak Salish language to him.)

13. nqsil̓t- family example sentences: 1. taʔlí p̓ísƛ̓aʔt iʔ snilíʔtn̓ uł wswisxn, mat k̓l̓ kaʔłís km̓mus iʔ nqsil̓t ilíʔ kskʷlíw̓taʔx. (The lodges they used during the winter were long, and big enough for four families.) 2. tl̓ tk̓asʔsíl uł xʷaʔtw̓íl̓x iʔ nqsil̓t. (From two people can come lots in one family.) 3. ixíʔ nqsil̓t taʔlí k̓ʷl̓k̓ʷl̓m̓uł. (That one family works hard.)

14. n̓łəłqʷípaʔst- breechclout example sentences: 1. iʔ sql̓ql̓tmixʷ iʔ lasmísts ʔasíl̓ síp̓iʔ aʔ ck̓ʷul̓m̓sts, kłn̓łəłqʷípaʔst iʔ t yiq̓ípka ʔ ckʕ̓acstís ʔi k̓łxʷipl̓sts uł csəp̓síp̓iʔxn̓ uł wswisxn̓ iʔ skʕ̓acʕacqín̓xn̓s. (The men wore a shirt made of two deer skins, a

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breechclout or apron held up with a belt, long leggings and moccasins.) 2. iʔ skacmn̓ lut t̓aʔ cn̓łəłqʷípaʔst. t̓iʔ ilíʔ tx̌ʷiw̓t. (The Scotchman̓ doesn't wear a breechcloth. He just hangs there.) 3. ła cłʕaʕ̓at̓ iʔ n̓łəłqʷípaʔsts ha mat ct̓sʕap iʔ sip̓íʔ. (When his breechcloth gets wet I wonder if the hide gets hard.)

15. k̓łxʷipl̓sts- breechclout flaps / apron / bib example sentences: 1. iʔ sql̓ql̓tmixʷ iʔ lasmísts ʔasíl̓ síp̓iʔ aʔ ck̓ʷul̓m̓sts, kłn̓łəłqʷípaʔst iʔ t yiq̓íp kaʔ ckʕ̓acstís ʔi k̓łxʷipl̓sts uł csəp̓síp̓iʔxn̓ uł wswisxn̓ iʔ skʕ̓acʕacqín̓xn̓s. (The men wore a shirt made of two deer skins, a breechclout or apron held up with a belt, long leggings and moccasins.) 2. iʔ aʔ ck̓ʷl̓cn̓cut yʕat ck̓łxʷəpxʷipl̓st. (All the cooks wear aprons.) 3. ła ksʔamnám̓anʔuʔx̌tílaʔt ck̓łxʷipl̓st. (When you're going to feed your baby put a bib on.)

16. lk̓qinm- wear a headband / tie something around the head example sentences: 1. iʔ sql̓ql̓tmixʷ cqʷacqnm̓k m̓clk̓qinm̓ . (Men often wore a cap or headband.) 2. iʔ smam̓ʔím̓clk̓lk̓qin m̓ła ck̓aw̓s cwc̓wic̓məl̓x. (The women wear bandanas when they go digging) 3. ha kʷ kłlk̓qintn. (Do you have a bandana?)

17. wsxnal̓qs- long dress / long coat example sentences: 1. iʔ smam̓ʔím̓cwsxnal̓qs t síp̓iʔ uł cyiq̓íp, t̓ət̓q̓t̓áq̓aʔt iʔ kl̓kl̓k̓aqstxn̓s uł csəp̓síp̓iʔxn. (Women wore a long dress made of deerskin̓ and tied with a belt, short leggings and moccasins.) 2. qsapíʔ iʔ sm̓sámaʔ smam̓ʔím̓cwswsxnal̓qs mat taʔlí cqʷłqʷułxnáqstxn. (Long ago the white women wore long dresses and their legs must've gotten̓ pretty dusty.) 3. taʔlí c̓ałt. laʕ̓an̓t an̓wsnál̓qs. (It's very cold outside. Put on your long coat.)

18. kl̓kl̓k̓aqstxn̓- leggings example sentences: 1. iʔ smam̓ʔím̓cwsxnal̓qs t síp̓iʔ uł cyiq̓íp, t̓ət̓q̓t̓áq̓aʔt iʔ kl̓kl̓k̓aqstxn̓s uł csəp̓síp̓iʔxn. (Women wore a long dress made of deerskin̓ and tied with a belt, short leggings and moccasins.) 2. ła cx̌cmn̓cut ha cwanx ckl̓kl̓k̓aqstxn̓m̓ t lw̓liwəl̓x. (When men dress to war dance they put bells around their legs.) 3. iʔ smam̓ʔím̓ła cwswisxn̓ iʔ n̓sisw̓xn̓s ck̓ʷul̓k̓ʷul̓m̓sts iʔ kl̓kl̓k̓akqstxn̓ mi lut ksq̓ʷʕapxáns. (When women wore long stockings they wore garters to keep them from sliding down)

19. spƛ̓m̓qin̓- mouth of a river example sentences: 1. łə cy̓ʕap iʔ sm̓sámaʔ ixíʔ xʷʔit kʷisəl̓x ʔi n̓ty̓tyix tl̓ spƛ̓m̓qin̓s iʔ sn̓x̌ʷn̓tkʷitkʷ. (When the Euro- Americans came, they started to take a lot of salmon at the mouth of the Columbia.) 2. laʔkín̓ iʔ spƛ̓m̓qin̓ itlíʔ ctk̓ʕaplaʔstəl̓x iʔ siw̓łkʷ. (From the head waters they do a ceremony for the

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water.) 3. tl̓ spƛ̓m̓qin̓ iʔ siw̓łkʷ k̓ʷək̓ʷnʔítaʔkʷ ixíʔ n̓tɣap k̓l̓ satítkʷ uł xʷaʔtkʷwíl̓x. (From the mouth of the creek it's a small amount of water until it flows into the river then there is lots of water.)

20. sk̓ałʔál̓qʷx suyápix- American example sentences: 1. ixíʔ sic iʔ sk̓ałʔálqʷx suyápix tqips iʔ sn̓x̌ʷn̓tkʷitkʷ. (Then, the Americans built a big dam̓ on the Columbia River.) 2. iʔ sk̓ałʔal̓qʷx iʔ sílxʷaʔ y̓lmixʷm̓səl̓x q̓ʷiyús. (TheAmerican people's president is a black man.) 3. taʔlí kʷuʔ csm̓sum̓stm̓ iʔ səxʷn̓ʔam̓táqs mi sic kʷuʔ xiʔxiʔstím̓kʷu k̓ałal̓qʷmíʔst. (Customs really smells us before they allow us to go across the border.)

21. n̓tqiw̓s- dam example sentences: 1. iʔ n̓tqiw̓s ƛ̓l̓pstis iʔ n̓ty̓tyix łə ksk̓łkíciʔs iʔ sx̌ʷy̓ʔiłpx iʔ tm̓xʷúlaʔxʷs uł t̓ik̓t iʔ taw̓n̓ laʔkín̓ kiʔ kʷliw̓t iʔ sqilxʷ. (The dam̓stopped the salmon from coming to the Colvile lands and it flooded the town̓ where the people lived.) 2. cn̓tqiw̓sts iʔ cəcw̓íxaʔ mi ctɣap iʔ siw̓łkʷ k̓ an̓cítxʷ. (They dam̓ up the creek so the water can run to your house.) 3. kʷ ła cn̓písuʔsm̓ ctətqtqipstxʷ uł yʕat n̓písuʔs ask̓ʷán̓łq. (When you irrigate your garden̓ make little dams in the ditches so all can get water.)

22. t̓ik̓t- flood reduplication: example sentences: 1. iʔ n̓tqiw̓s ƛ̓l̓pstis iʔ n̓ty̓tyix łə ksk̓łkíciʔs iʔ sx̌ʷy̓ʔiłpx iʔ tm̓xʷúlaʔxʷs uł t̓ik̓t iʔ taw̓n̓ laʔkín̓ kiʔ kʷliw̓t iʔ sqilxʷ. (The dam̓stopped the salmon from coming to the Colvile lands and it flooded the town̓ where the people lived.) 2. qipcm̓uł t̓k̓t̓ik̓t iʔ cəw̓cəw̓íxaʔ naʔł saʔsaʔtítkʷ . in the spring time the creeks and rivers flood) 3. xʷʔis iʔ sq̓it uł ckt̓ík̓naʔ iʔ t̓m̓xʷúlaʔxʷ. (When there's lots of rain̓ it floods.)

23. nw̓stúlaʔxʷ- high ground reduplication: nusnw̓stúlaʔxʷ example sentences: 1. yʕat iʔ sqilxʷ iʔ kʷliw̓t ilíʔ ʔam̓ʔím̓xəlx k̓l̓ nw̓stúlaʔxʷ. (All the people living there moved to higher ground.) 2. c̓iwt iʔ sp̓iƛ̓m̓k̓l̓ nusnw̓stúlaʔxʷ kaʔ cn̓way̓. (The bitterroots in the higher ground gets ready last.) 3. ilíʔ t t̓m̓xʷúlaʔxʷ ct̓ík̓laʔxʷ k̓l̓ nw̓stúlaʔxʷ mi kʷ k̓ʷul̓łxʷm. (That country floods so you should build on higher ground.)

24. sx̌ʷy̓ʔiłp sqlxʷúlaʔxʷ- Colville Indian Reservation

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example sentences: 1. ʕapnáʔ xʷʔit iʔ sx̌ʷy̓ʔiłpx kʷliw̓t l̓ n̓caʔlíwm̓ilí ʔ t sqlxʷúlaʔxʷ ʔum̓səl̓x sx̌ʷy̓ʔiłp sqlxʷúlaʔxʷ. (Nowadays, many Colvile people live at Inchelium̓ on the Colville Indian Reservation.) 2. ik̓líʔ k̓l̓ sx̌ʷy̓ʔiłpx sqlxʷúlaʔxʷ kn̓ ksl̓x̌l̓ax̌t. (I have friends on the Colville Reservation.) 3. taʔlí k̓łx̌ʷil̓ iʔ sqilxʷ l̓ sx̌ʷyíłpx sqlxʷúlaʔxʷ. (There are a lot of people in the Collville Reservation.)

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03. iʔ ƛ̓lal̓, tm̓niʔ uł cliq̓ sʔaʔúm̓s txət̓n̓cutn̓ spirit nun̓xʷínaʔtn̓ beliefs Sisikrí Jesus Christ nəqsúl̓laʔxʷ another place c̓uy̓ darkness p̓íxʷlaʔxʷ bright land / bright place ck̓sk̓asəst quarrel n̓xʷuytn̓ path / way kt̓pínaʔn̓t cover cwl̓stisəl̓x / wlan̓t / wlam̓ burn̓ something up n̓ƛ̓k̓ʷpqin̓ stick up n̓liq̓tn̓ grave ckʷul̓ínaʔst / kʷul̓ínaʔn̓t to cap cqm̓qmin̓ placed (more than 1) ctqəmniw̓s placed on / in the middle (more than 1) n̓ʔay̓snúlaʔxʷ Ashnola cpapín̓ folded n̓t̓k̓ʷúlaʔxʷ put in the ground sək̓ʷtiw̓s side ʔam̓tútyaʔ in̓ a sitting position n̓t̓k̓ʷmin̓ coffin xʷk̓ʷn̓cut clean̓ oneself c̓iw̓ wash x̌ac dress k̓mutmn̓t sit with kc̓əqʷc̓qʷaqʷmn̓t cry for someone n̓tkʷil̓sn̓t accompany mʔikstm̓ bother tkl̓kʷutmn̓t stay far from someone stm̓tm̓niʔtn̓ grave

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smy̓may̓ iʔ syilx taʔlí ctxət̓mist ła k̓ʷul̓stsəl̓x ʔi tm̓niʔ. ctxət̓stisəl̓x ixíʔ mi ckn̓xitstsəl̓x iʔ ƛ̓lal̓, ixíʔ uł k̓łqixʷs aʔ cxʷl̓xʷal̓t. x̌minksəl̓x kskn̓xits aʔ cƛ̓lal̓ mi t̓iʔ x̌ast xʷuy̓uł łəw̓nikst lut ksq̓il̓q̓l̓ts. uł nixʷ x̌minksəl̓x txət̓n̓tisʔ a cxʷl̓xʷal̓t mi lut ksx̌n̓num̓tstm̓ t txət̓n̓cutn̓s aʔ cƛ̓lal̓. ʕapnáʔ, iʔ k̓ʷiƛ̓t iʔ sqilxʷ spirit pútiʔ cn̓k̓ʷul̓m̓stsʔ i nun̓xʷínaʔtn̓s tl̓ q̓sápiʔ. nax̌m̓ł iʔ k̓ʷiƛ̓t beliefs nun̓xʷínaʔ ta ck̓l̓Sisikrí km̓i ʔ k̓ʷiƛ̓t itíʔ ct̓ixʷlm̓. Jesus Christ q̓sápiʔ, iʔ sqilxʷ nun̓xʷínaʔ ła cƛ̓lal̓ iʔ knaqs uł xʷilwís k̓l̓ nəqsúl̓laʔxʷ. łə ksk̓łkicxs ik̓líʔ, t c̓uy̓ xiʔúst uł cm̓ itíʔ n̓sl̓ip. ʔ i another place; ƛ̓aʔƛ̓aʔkʷílx ckn̓xits iʔ sn̓ƛ̓lal̓ mi lut ksn̓sl̓ipsə ł sxʷuy̓s k̓l̓ darkness nəqsúl̓laʔxʷ km̓ lut ksx̌num̓sts itíʔ swit. nun̓xʷínaʔm̓s ʔi nəqsúl̓laʔxʷ taʔlí p̓íxʷlaʔxʷ. misx̌ást t tm̓xʷúlaʔxʷ uł mist̓ít̓iym̓t t bright land/place sxʷl̓xʷal̓t k̓l̓ sqilxʷ. ik̓líʔ t tm̓xʷúlaʔxʷ lut ksəck̓sk̓asəsts, lut quarrel ksəctiyáqʷts, lut ksəcq̓il̓ts. ilíʔ l̓ sn̓ʕ̓ay̓ckstx, iʔ snun̓xʷínaʔs t siw̓łkʷ iʔ n̓xʷuytn̓s k̓l̓ə n qsúl̓laʔxʷ, sc̓x̌ilxʔ i sn̓ʕ̓ay̓ckstx kłəʔam̓ l̓ path/way siw̓łkʷ iʔ n̓tm̓tm̓niʔtn̓s. q̓sápiʔ, yʕat iʔ sqilxʷ cliq̓stəl̓x iʔ tm̓niʔs l̓ łúkʷlaʔxʷ, n̓łəx̌ʷúlaʔxʷm̓k m̓ l̓ k̓łix̌ʷút kt̓pínaʔs iʔ t xəƛ̓xƛ̓ut. lut pn̓kin̓ t̓a cover cwl̓stisəl̓x iʔ tm̓niʔ. cn̓ƛ̓k̓ʷpqin̓ t sx̌əx̌c̓iʔ iʔ n̓liq̓tn̓. q̓sápiʔ, iʔ burn; stick up on sw̓knaʔqínx naʔł sml̓qmix, ckʷul̓ínaʔstsəl̓x iʔ n̓liq̓tn̓ t ƛ̓ʔiʔ. l̓ head; grave; cap x̌əx̌n̓łʔupn̓kst uł mus (1904), pútiʔ akswíkm̓ iʔ ƛ̓ʔiʔ cqm̓qmin̓, ctqəmniw̓s l̓ k̓aw̓ʔíwl̓x n̓liq̓tn̓ k̓ík̓aʔt l̓ n̓ʔay̓snúlaʔxʷ ilíʔ l̓ sml̓qmix. placed; laid on; l̓ sq̓sápiʔs, iʔ sqil̓tks ʔa cƛ̓lal̓ cpapín̓ uł ctxl̓k̓íc̓aʔ mi sic əcliq̓. ixíʔ Ashnola; folded aʔ ctxəl̓kíc̓aʔ cn̓t̓k̓ʷúlaʔxʷ l̓s ək̓ʷtiw̓sts, ccəcqin̓k km̓ʔ am̓tútyaʔ. put in ground; ʕapnáʔ, txʷaʔxʷʔít iʔ syilx cn̓t̓k̓ʷstisəl̓x l̓ n̓t̓k̓ʷmin̓ c̓x̌ił t side; lying on sámaʔ. nax̌m̓ł way ctxət̓mist chaʔstísəl̓x ła ck̓ʷul̓stsəl̓x iʔ sn̓ƛ̓lal̓s. back; in a sitting yʕat iʔ slx̌lax̌ts ʔna ł snəqsilxʷs aʔ cƛ̓lal̓ ckn̓kn̓xtwixʷ ła ctm̓niʔm̓. position; coffin aʔ cn̓ƛ̓lal̓ ck̓ʷul̓m̓stsʔ i skʷəkʷʔiłp łə ksxʷk̓ʷn̓cuts uł xʷk̓ʷiłxʷm̓. iʔ tm̓niʔ cc̓iw̓ uł cx̌ac, iʔ k̓ʷiƛ̓t iʔ sqilxʷ ła cn̓ƛ̓lal̓, kmutm̓s iʔ clean̓ oneself sn̓ƛ̓lal̓s putə ckʷum̓mi sic łəwis. naqs sk̓laxʷ tl̓ səcliq̓s ʔa cƛ̓lal̓, wash; dress xʷʔit iʔ sqilxʷ ʔúl̓luʔsəs kmutm̓səl̓x iʔ tm̓niʔ ilíʔ kʷliw̓t uł ksx̌lap. sit with ksx̌lap, ʔi sqilxʷ k̓ʕaʔm̓ uł n̓kʷnim̓, uł m̓ay̓n̓tísʔ i cw̓caw̓tsʔ i tm̓niʔ. ła kmutm̓səl̓x iʔ tm̓niʔ, captíkʷłm̓ iʔ sqilxʷ m̓ay̓n̓tís sn̓k̓lip. itlíʔ łə x̌lap, tm̓niʔm̓, liq̓səl̓x laʔkín̓ kaʔ cliq̓stsəl̓xi ʔ sn̓qsilxʷsəl̓x. ła ctm̓niʔm̓i ʔ sqilxʷ, ck̓ʕaʔxtsəl̓x, n̓kʷnim̓ N̓səl̓xcin̓ 3: An Advanced Course in Colville-Okanagan Salish revised 06/5/17 18

kc̓əqʷc̓qʷaqʷm̓səl̓x. tqʷl̓qʷil̓tm̓səl̓x c̓kin̓ t sqilxʷ. uł yʕat swit cry for someone cknxłtiłn̓ k̓aʔ cq̓l̓spuʔús. łə wy̓stm̓niʔm̓ iʔ sqilxʷ əcʔaluʔscút uł ʔałʔíłn̓, n̓tkʷil̓səs aʔ cn̓ƛ̓lal̓ mi lut taʔlí ksq̓l̓spuʔústsəl̓x. əł accompany wy̓skʷum̓səl̓x, liq̓səl̓x, iʔ kłəʔam̓s t̓iʔ qm̓qam̓t lut ksmaʔm̓scúts uł lut ksmʔikstm̓s iʔ sp̓y̓qałq naʔł iʔ mrim̓stn̓. aʔ cn̓ʔastkíl̓t ʔta lí bother ctxət̓mist ła cn̓ƛ̓lal̓. cmay̓ lut ksxʷuy̓y̓s tm̓niʔm̓, km̓ tkl̓kʷutm̓s iʔ stay far from; tm̓tm̓niʔ uł tl̓ stm̓tm̓niʔtn̓ ixíʔ mi lut ksx̌num̓ts iʔ ʔuʔx̌ʷtílaʔt. grave/cemetary x̌ilm̓ itíʔ uł txət̓n̓tis aʔ cxʷl̓xʷal̓t uł aʔ cƛ̓lal̓. sn̓súxʷnaʔ sw̓łtiłn̓ 1. səxkinx uł iʔ syilx x̌ast ctxət̓stisəl̓x aʔ cƛ̓lal̓ ? 2. səxkinx uł iʔ syilx x̌minksəl̓x kskn̓xits aʔ cƛ̓lal̓ ? 3. ha papút iʔ nun̓xʷínaʔtn̓s yʕayʕat iʔ syilx ? 4. l̓ sq̓sápiʔs nun̓xʷínaʔtn̓, xkinm̓ iʔ knaqs ła cƛ̓lal̓ ? 5. q̓sápiʔ, əxkistm̓ ʔi sn̓ƛ̓lal̓ tƛ̓aʔƛ̓aʔkʷílx ? 6. c̓kin̓ iʔ nəqsúl̓laʔxʷ laʔkín̓ kiʔ ksxʷúyaʔx aʔ cƛ̓lal̓ ? 7. iʔ k̓l̓ ʕ̓sn̓ ay̓ckstx, c̓kin̓ iʔ n̓xʷuy̓tn̓ k̓l̓ nəqsúl̓laʔxʷ ? 8. səxkin̓ uł niʕ̓áy̓p kłəʔam̓ l̓ siw̓łkʷ iʔ n̓tm̓tm̓niʔtn̓s iʔ sn̓ʕ̓ay̓ckstx ? 9. l̓ sq̓sápiʔs, c̓kin̓ cliq̓stm̓ iʔ syilx ? 10. stim̓ ʔi cn̓ƛ̓k̓ʷpqin̓ iʔ l̓ n̓liq̓tn̓səl̓x iʔ syilx ? 11. stim̓ ʔi ckʷul̓ínaʔstm̓ iʔ n̓liq̓tn̓səl̓x iʔ sw̓knaʔqínx naʔł sml̓qmix ? 12. l̓ sq̓sápiʔs, əxkistm̓ ʔi sqil̓tks aʔ cƛ̓lal̓ mi əcliq̓ ? 13. c̓kin̓ mi n̓t̓k̓ʷúlaʔxʷm̓ aʔ ctxəl̓kíc̓aʔ iʔ sn̓ƛ̓lal̓ mi əcliq ? 14. ʕapná l̓ stim̓ c̓n̓t̓k̓ʷstim̓ txʷaʔxʷʔít iʔ syilx ? 15. stim̓ ʔa c̓kists ʕy at iʔ slx̌lax̌ts naʔł snəqsilxʷs aʔ cƛ̓lal̓ ła ctm̓niʔm̓ ? 16. stim̓ ʔi ck̓ʷul̓m̓stm̓ łə ksxʷk̓ʷn̓cuts uł xʷk̓ʷiłxʷm̓ aʔ cn̓ƛ̓lal̓ ? 17. swit iʔ kmutm̓s iʔ sn̓ƛ̓lal̓s put əckʷum̓ ? 18. pn̓kin̓ uł txʷaʔxʷʔít cʔúl̓lusəs kmutm̓səl̓x iʔ tm̓ni ? 19. stim̓ ʔa c̓kists ʔi sqilxʷ ła ckmutm̓stm̓ iʔ sn̓ƛ̓lal̓ uł ksx̌lap ? 20. k̓aʔkín̓ kaʔ cliq̓stm̓ʔ i sn̓ƛ̓lal̓ ? 21. stim̓ ʔa c̓kistm̓ ła ctm̓niʔm̓ iʔ sqilxʷ ? 22. swit aʔ cknxłtiłn̓ k̓ aʔ cq̓l̓spuʔus ? 23. stim̓ ʔa c̓kists ʔi sqilxʷ łə wy̓stm̓niʔm̓ ? 24. stim̓ ʔa c̓kists ʔi sqilxʷ łə wy̓skʷúmn̓tm̓ iʔ sn̓ƛ̓lal̓ ? 25. səxkinx uł aʔ cn̓ʔastkíl̓t taʔlí ctxət̓mist ła cn̓ƛ̓lal̓ ? an̓cáw̓t sw̓łtiłn̓ 1. ha niʕ̓áy̓p ʔta lí kʷ ctxət̓mist ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 2. swit iʔ ck̓łqixʷstxʷ ? swit iʔ ck̓łqixʷstm̓s ? may̓xít. 3. stim̓an̓nun̓xʷína ʔtn̓ iʔ k̓l̓ txət̓n̓cutn̓s iʔ sqilxʷ ? ha uníxʷ kʷu kłtxət̓n̓cutn̓ ? may̓xít. 4. ha kʷ nun̓xʷínaʔ ta ck̓l̓ Sisikrí km̓i ʔ k̓ʷiƛ̓t itíʔ ct̓ixʷlm̓? may̓xít.

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5. ha kʷ nun̓xʷínaʔ ła cƛ̓lal̓ iʔ knaqs uł xʷilwís k̓l̓ nəqsúl̓laʔxʷ ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 6. kʷ łə sk̓ʷək̓ʷiml̓t, ha cn̓x̌ilm̓stxʷ iʔ c̓uy̓ ? ha cn̓x̌ilm̓stxʷ iʔ c̓uy̓ ʕapnáʔ ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 7. ha kʷ n̓sl̓ip t nəqspin̓tk ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 8. ha kʷ cʔaw̓típm̓t x̌ast n̓xʷuytn̓ l̓ asxʷl̓x̌al̓t ʕapnáʔ ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 9. ha kłəʔam̓l̓ siw̓łkʷ iʔ n̓tm̓tm̓niʔtn̓s asnəqsílxʷ ? łə lut, k̓aʔkín̓ iʔ n̓tm̓tm̓niʔtn̓s asnəqsílxʷ ? may̓xít. 10. ł aksƛ̓lál̓, ha an̓x̌mín̓k ksliq̓n̓ts km̓ kswl̓ntsis ?səxkinx ? may̓xít. 11. ł aksƛ̓lál̓, ł akslíq̓m̓, ha an̓x̌mín̓k ksn̓ƛ̓k̓ʷpqiłts km̓kskʷul̓ína ʔłts akłn̓liq̓tn̓ t stim̓? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 12. l̓ asnəqsílxʷ, ła cliq̓stp aʔ cƛ̓lal̓, ha iʔ sqil̓tks cpapín̓ uł ctxl̓k̓íc̓aʔ ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 13. l̓ asnəqsílxʷ, ha cn̓t̓k̓ʷstip aʔ cƛ̓lal̓ l̓ n̓t̓k̓ʷmin̓ c̓x̌ił t sámaʔ ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 14. ła cn̓ƛ̓lal̓ asnəqsílxʷ, ha ck̓ʷul̓m̓stp iʔ skʷəkʷʔiłp łə ksxʷk̓ʷn̓cutm̓p uł p xʷk̓ʷiłxʷm̓? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 15. ła cn̓ƛ̓lal̓ asnəqsílxʷ, ha k̓mutmn̓tp aʔ cƛ̓lal̓ put əckʷum̓ mi sic łəwin̓tp ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut? 16. l̓ asnəqsílxʷ, ha naqs sk̓laxʷ tl̓ səcliq̓s aʔ cƛ̓lal̓ uł p ʔúl̓luʔs k̓mutmn̓tp iʔ tm̓niʔ ilíʔ p kʷliw̓t uł ksx̌lap ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 17. swit iʔ kc̓əqʷc̓qʷaqʷmn̓txʷ t nəqspin̓tk ? may̓xít. 18. swit niʕ̓áy̓p cn̓tkʷil̓stxʷ ? swit niʕ̓áy̓p cn̓tkʷil̓stm̓s ? may̓xít. 19. ła cn̓ƛ̓lal̓ asnəqsílxʷ, ha lut ksmʔikstm̓n̓tp iʔ sp̓y̓qałq ? ha cciʔstp iʔ sq̓ʷliw̓m̓, iʔ wic̓m̓ ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 20. swit iʔ ctkl̓kʷutm̓stxʷ ? swit iʔ ctkl̓kʷutm̓stm̓s ? səxkinx ? may̓xít. skłʔiy̓sm̓ t x̌ilm̓s ʔaʔúm̓s A. Transitive Commands aksck̓ʷúl̓: change each phrase into a transitive command. Follow the model. Translate both the phrase and the new command to English.

EX: k̓ʷul̓stsəl̓x iʔ tm̓niʔ. k̓ʷul̓st iʔ tm̓niʔ. km̓ k̓ʷul̓skʷ iʔ tm̓niʔ nuyápixcn̓: They prepare the corpse. Prepare the corpse.

1. iʔ ƛ̓aʔƛ̓aʔkʷílx ckn̓xits iʔ sn̓ƛ̓lal̓. nuyápixcn̓:

2. nun̓xʷínaʔm̓s iʔ nəqsúl̓laʔxʷ taʔlí p̓íxʷlaʔxʷ. nuyápixcn̓:

3. yʕat iʔ sqilxʷ cliq̓stəl̓x iʔ tm̓niʔs. nuyápixcn̓:

4. l̓ k̓łix̌ʷút kt̓pínaʔs iʔ t xəƛ̓xƛ̓ut. nuyápixcn̓:

5. ckʷul̓ínaʔstsəl̓x iʔ n̓liq̓tn̓ t ƛ̓ʔiʔ. nuyápixcn̓:

N̓səl̓xcin̓ 3: An Advanced Course in Colville-Okanagan Salish revised 06/5/17 20

6. aʔ ctxəl̓kíc̓aʔ cn̓t̓k̓ʷúlaʔxʷ l̓ sək̓ʷtiw̓sts. nuyápixcn̓:

7. cn̓t̓k̓ʷstisəl̓x l̓ n̓t̓k̓ʷmin̓. nuyápixcn̓:

8. chaʔstísəl̓x ła ck̓ʷul̓stsəl̓x iʔ sn̓ƛ̓lal̓s. nuyápixcn̓:

9. aʔ cn̓ƛ̓lal̓ ck̓ʷul̓m̓sts iʔ skʷəkʷʔiłp. nuyápixcn̓:

10. kmutm̓s iʔ sn̓ƛ̓lal̓s m̓ay̓n̓tís iʔ cw̓caw̓ts. nuyápixcn̓:

11. liq̓səl̓x laʔkín̓ kaʔ cliq̓stsəl̓x ʔi sn̓qsilxʷsəl̓x nuyápixcn̓:

12. ck̓ʕaʔxtsəl̓x. nuyápixcn̓:

13. kc̓əqʷc̓qʷaqʷm̓səl̓x. nuyápixcn̓:

14. tqʷl̓qʷil̓tm̓səl̓x c̓kin̓ t sqilxʷ nuyápixcn̓:

15. n̓tkʷil̓səs aʔ cn̓ƛ̓lal̓ nuyápixcn̓:

N̓səl̓xcin̓ 3: An Advanced Course in Colville-Okanagan Salish revised 06/5/17 21

B. Past/Present 36 Verb Box aksck̓ʷúl̓: Complete the box with correct transitive verb/object forms tkl̓kʷutmn̓t- to stay far from someone in̓cá anwí cniłc mnim̓łtət mnim̓łəm̓p mnim̓łcəl̓x in̓cá xxx tkl̓kʷutmn̓tsn̓ tkl̓kʷutmn̓ xxx tkl̓kʷutm̓łəmn̓ tkl̓kʷutmnəl̓x anwí kʷuʔ xxx tkl̓kʷutmn̓txʷ kʷuʔ xxx tkl̓kʷutmn̓txʷ- tkl̓kʷutmn̓txʷ tkl̓kʷutmn̓txʷ əl̓x cniłc kʷuʔ tkl̓kʷutmn̓ts tkl̓kʷutm̓s kʷuʔ tkl̓kʷutm̓łəm̓s tkl̓kʷutm̓səl̓x tkl̓kʷutm̓s tkl̓kʷutmn̓tm̓ mnim̓łtət xxx tkl̓kʷutmn̓tst tkl̓kʷutmn̓tm̓ xxx tkl̓kʷutm̓łəm̓t tkl̓kʷutmn̓tm̓- əl̓x mnim̓łəm̓p kʷuʔ xxx tkl̓kʷutmn̓tp kʷuʔ xxx tkl̓kʷutmn̓tp- tkl̓kʷutmn̓tp tkl̓kʷutmn̓tp əl̓x cniłcəlx kʷuʔ tkl̓kʷutmn̓ts- tkl̓kʷutm̓səl̓x kʷuʔ tkl̓kʷutm̓łəm̓- tkl̓kʷutmn̓tm̓- tkl̓kʷutm̓səl̓x əl̓x tkl̓kʷutmn̓tməl̓x səl̓x əl̓x mnim̓łcəl̓x

D. Transitive Verbal Exchanges with Objects aksck̓ʷúl̓: answer the questions with a complete n̓səl̓xcin̓ sentence. Translate the question and your answer to English.

1. səxkinx uł tk̓lkʷutmn̓tsəl̓x ? (q̓il̓t)

2. səxkinx uł kʷuʔ tk̓lkʷutmn̓tm̓ ? (n̓k̓aʔsíl̓s)

3. ha cmistíxʷ səxkinx uł tkl̓kʷutmn̓tsn̓ ? (lut)

4. ha kʷuʔ tk̓lkʷutmn̓tp áłiʔ kn̓ səcʕ̓at̓ísxaʔx ? (kiw̓)

5. ha cmistíxʷ səxkinx uł tkl̓kʷutmn̓tst ? (lut)

6. ha p n̓stil̓s tkl̓kʷutm̓łəm̓t t spiʔsc̓íłt ? (kiw̓)

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ck̓ʷul̓m̓stm̓ iʔ sʔaʔúm̓s 1. txət̓n̓cutn̓- spirit / soul reduplication: example sentences: 1. uł nixʷ x̌minksəl̓x txət̓n̓tis aʔ cxʷl̓xʷal̓t mi lut ksx̌ən̓n̓umtstm̓ t txət̓n̓cutn̓s aʔ cƛ̓lal̓. (And they want to protect the living from being hurt by the spirit of the dead person.) 2. iʔ k̓ʷiƛ̓t iʔ sqilxʷ xʷʔit iʔ txt̓xt̓n̓cutns. (Some people have a lot of spirit helpers.) 3. iʔ spəpl̓al ccw̓n̓cut, x̌iƛ̓m̓ k̓l̓ wist uł ilíʔ knaqs c̓x̌lwis k̓ʷn̓xasq̓t, cmay̓ taʔxʷsumíx cmay̓ lut taʔxʷłtxt̓n̓cútn. (The young men went by themselves into the mountains to fast and pray and maybe he will gain̓ a spirit helper.)

2. nun̓xʷínaʔtn̓- belief / faith example sentences: 1. ʕapnáʔ, iʔ k̓ʷiƛ̓t iʔ sqilxʷ pútiʔ cnk̓ʷul̓m̓sts iʔ nun̓xʷínaʔtn̓s tl̓ sq̓sápiʔs. (Nowadays, some people follow the beliefs from a long time ago.) 2. cnún̓xʷínaʔm̓stn̓ iʔ k̓ʷl̓n̓cutn. (I believe in the creator.) 3. kʷuʔ nun̓xʷínaʔmn̓t lut kʷ ismálx̌aʔm̓. (Believe me. I'm not lying to you.)

3. Sisikrí- Jesus Christ example sentences: 1. nax̌m̓ł iʔ k̓ʷiƛ̓t nun̓xʷínaʔ taʔ ck̓l̓ Sisikrí km̓i ʔ k̓ʷiƛ̓t itíʔ ct̓ixʷlm̓. (But others follow the ways of Jesus or they have other beliefs.) 2. k̓ʷul̓l̓Sisikrí k̓l̓ Santmari. (Jesus was born̓ to the Virgin̓ Mary.) 3. Sisikrí ƛ̓lal̓ l̓ ʔay̓míw̓s k̓l̓ k̓ast iʔ sck̓ʷul̓tət. (Jesus died on the cross for our sins.)

4. nəqsúl̓laʔxʷ- one place / next place / another place example sentences: 1. q̓sápiʔ, iʔ sqilxʷ nun̓xʷínaʔ ła cƛ̓lal̓ iʔ knaqs uł xʷilwís k̓l̓ nəqsúl̓laʔxʷ. (Long ago, most people believed that when a person died, they would go to the next place.) 2. aláʔ an̓t̓m̓xʷúlaʔxʷ. inca̓ k̓l̓ nəqsúl̓laʔxʷ in̓tm̓xʷúlaʔxʷ. (This is your place. My place is the next place.) 3. iʔ sqlxʷúlaʔxʷ nəqsúl̓laʔxʷ tl̓ atláʔ uł k̓l̓ kłáʔaʔ k̓l̓ n̓sl̓xʷʔitkʷ. (The Indian land is from here to the edge of the ocean.)

5. c̓uy̓- dark / darkness example sentences: 1. łə ksk̓łkicxs ik̓líʔ, t c̓uy̓ xiʔúst uł cm̓ití ʔ n̓sl̓ip. (To get there, they had to pass through a dark place, and they could get lost.) 2. t̓iʔ kn̓ cxʷsxʷusl̓x uł way łc̓ʔuy. (I'm hurrying rushing around and its night time.) 3. kn̓ n̓x̌ił kn̓ łksʔácqaʔx áłiʔ t̓iʔ c̓uy̓. (I'm afraid to go back outside because its dark.)

6. p̓íxʷlaʔxʷ- bright place

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reduplication: píxʷəxʷlaʔxʷ example sentences: 1. nun̓xʷínaʔm̓s iʔ nəqsúl̓laʔxʷ taʔlí p̓íxʷlaʔxʷ. (The other place was believed to be a bright place.) 2. laʔkín̓ kaʔ cp̓úkʷlaʔm̓kc̓ək̓c̓ik̓səsəl̓x iʔ c̓ək̓ʷc̓ik̓ʷsxn̓uł píxʷəxʷlaʔxʷ. (Where they play ball they turn̓ the lights on and makes it a bright place.) 3. w̓ham̓ iʔ kəkwápaʔ, ik̓líʔ p̓ap̓ixʷn̓ uł lut stim̓ik̓líʔ wikn. (The dog was barking so I shone the light over there but I didn't see anything.)

7. ck̓əsk̓asəst- quarrel / do bad things example sentences: 1. ik̓líʔ t tm̓xʷúlaʔxʷ lut ksəck̓sk̓asəsts, lut ksəctiyáqʷts, lut ksəcq̓il̓ts. In ( that other place there would be no quarreling, no fighting, and no sickness.) 2. lut x̌ast iʔ nx̌ʷnx̌ʷiw̓s łə ksəck̓əsk̓ásəsts. (It's not good for a couple to quarrel.) 3. iʔ sqilxʷ y̓ʕ̓aʔəl̓x itíʔ uł way k̓əsk̓asəsəl̓x. (When the people gather to have a meeting before long they quarrel.)

8. n̓xʷuy̓tn- path / way example sentences: 1. ilíʔ l̓ sn̓ʕ̓ay̓ckstx, iʔ snun̓xʷínaʔs t siw̓łkʷ iʔ n̓xʷuytn̓s k̓l̓ nəqsúl̓laʔxʷ, sc̓x̌ilxʔ i sn̓ʕ̓ay̓ckstx kłəʔam̓l̓ siw̓łkʷ iʔ n̓tm̓tm̓niʔtn̓s. (Among the Lakes, it was believed that the next place was reached through water, so Lakes' graves were always near water.) 2. yʕat iʔ sqilxʷ n̓xʷy̓il̓s uł xʷʔit iʔ kłn̓xʷy̓xʷuy̓tn̓səl̓x mi xƛ̓apəl̓x. (All the people wanted to go but they needed a lot of vehicles so all could go.) 3. iʔ sn̓k̓lip niʕ̓áy̓p itíʔ kaʔ cxʷaxʷúy̓ ilíʔ uł q̓x̌ax̌iʔ sxʷaxʷúy̓tn̓s. (The coyote always goes that way and he's marked a path.)

9. kt̓pínaʔnt- to cover example sentences: 1. q̓sápiʔ, yʕat iʔ syilx cliq̓stəlx iʔ tm̓niʔs l̓ łəkʷlaʔxʷ, n̓łəx̌ʷúlaʔxʷm̓k m̓l̓ k̓łix̌ʷút kt̓pínaʔs iʔ t xəƛ̓xƛ̓ut. (A long time ago, all Syilx people buried their dead in the earth, either in a hole or under rocks.) 2. kt̓əpt̓pínaʔn̓t ask̓ʷán̓łq ksúl̓taʔx ʕapnáʔ sk̓laxʷ. (Cover up your plants. It's going to freeze tonight.) 3. ha ktpínaʔn̓txʷ asqʷsqʷsíʔ ? (Did you cover your child?)

10. cwl̓stim̓/ wl̓n̓tim- burn̓ something example sentences: 1. lut pn̓kin̓ t̓a cwl̓stisəl̓x iʔ tm̓tm̓niʔ. (They never burned the body of a dead person.) 2. ctxt̓stim̓iʔ sk̓ʷl̓cn̓cutət uł wl̓wl̓n̓tim̓. (We were watching our cooking, but we burned them.) 3. miyáł cix̌cx̌t cm̓wlap . (It's too hot so it might burn.)

11. n̓ƛ̓ək̓ʷpqin- stick up on the head example sentences: 1. cn̓ƛ̓k̓ʷpqin̓ t sx̌əx̌c̓iʔ iʔ n̓liq̓tn̓. (Usually a pole was erected at the head of the grave.)

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2. iʔ pw̓al̓xqn̓ cn̓ƛ̓ək̓ʷƛ̓ək̓ʷpqin̓ t q̓ʷəq̓ʷm̓qin̓. (The bucks have antlers stuck on their heads.) 3. iʔ aʔ cwan̓x cn̓ƛ̓k̓ʷpqin̓t sc̓l̓qin̓s. (The war dancers have a head dress on their heads.)

12. n̓liq̓tn̓- grave example sentences: 1. cn̓ƛ̓k̓ʷpqin̓ t sx̌əx̌c̓iʔ iʔ n̓liq̓tn̓. (Usually a pole was erected at the head of the grave.) 2. k̓l̓ n̓liq̓tn̓ kaʔ cliq̓stsəl̓x iʔ n̓ƛ̓lal̓səl̓x. (At the graveyard is where they bury their dead.) 3. k̓ik̓m̓mi q̓ʷic̓t iʔ n̓liq̓tn̓səl̓x. (Their grave site is almost full.)

13. ckul̓ínaʔst / ckul̓inaʔnt- place a cover on something example sentences: 1. q̓sápiʔ, iʔ sʔukʷnaʔqínx naʔł iʔ sml̓qmix ckʷul̓ínaʔstsəl̓x iʔ n̓liq̓tn̓ t ƛ̓ʔiʔ. (A long time ago, among the Okanagan̓ and Similkameen people, a canoe was put on top of the grave.) 2. k̓ʷan̓łqs iʔ skʷəkʷiw̓ uł ckʷul̓ul̓ínaʔ mi lut ksl̓sul̓ts. (When he planted his tomato plants he put caps over them so they wouldn't freeze.) 3. kʷul̓ínaʔn̓ isíp̓iʔ mi lut iʔ kəkw̓ʔap kʷuʔ mʔikłtm̓łts. (I put a cover on my hide so the dogs don't bother it.)

14. cqm̓qmin̓- placed (more than one) singular: cqmin example sentences: 1. l̓ x̌əx̌n̓łʔupn̓kst uł mus (1904), pútiʔ akswíkm̓ iʔ ƛ̓ʔiʔ cqm̓qmin̓, ctqəmniw̓s l̓ k̓aw̓ʔíwl̓x n̓liq̓tn̓ k̓ík̓aʔt l̓ n̓ʔay̓snúlaʔxʷ ilíʔ l̓ sml̓qmix. (In 1904, some fragments of canoes could be seen̓ on old graves near Ashnola in the Similkameen Valley.) 2. an̓ʔackníkstn̓ yʕat taʔkín̓ cqm̓qmin̓. (Your toys are laying all over the place.) 3. ilíʔcqmis iʔ k̓ʷul̓mn̓s uł nis. (He left his tools there and left.)

15. ctqəmniw̓s- laid on / stacked on example sentences: 1. l̓ x̌əx̌n̓łʔupn̓kst uł mus (1904), pútiʔ akswíkm̓ iʔ ƛ̓ʔiʔ cqm̓qmin̓, ctqəmniw̓s l̓ k̓aw̓ʔíwl̓x n̓liq̓tn̓ k̓ík̓aʔt l̓ n̓ʔay̓snúlaʔxʷ ilíʔ l̓ sml̓qmix. (In 1904, some fragments of canoes could be seen̓ on old graves near Ashnola in the Similkameen Valley.) 2. ilíʔ ctqmniw̓s in̓laklí l̓ n̓k̓ʷl̓cn̓cutn̓. (I left my keys laying in the kitchen.) 3. lut akstqmníw̓sm̓an̓k̓ʷúl̓m n̓ l̓ latáp. (Don't put your tools on the table.)

16. n̓ʔay̓snúlaʔxʷ- Ashnola example sentences: 1. l̓ x̌əx̌n̓łʔupn̓kst uł mus (1904), pútiʔ akswíkm̓ iʔ ƛ̓ʔiʔ cqm̓qmin̓, ctqəmniw̓s l̓ k̓aw̓ʔíwl̓x n̓liq̓tn̓ k̓ík̓aʔt l̓ n̓ʔay̓snúlaʔxʷ ilíʔ l̓ sml̓qmix. (In 1904, some fragments of canoes could be seen̓ on old graves near Ashnola in the Similkameen Valley.) 2. ilíʔ ksqilxʷ l̓ n̓ʔay̓snúlaʔxʷ. (There are people living at Ashnola.) 3. x̌ast iʔ siyaʔ l̓ n̓ʔay̓snúlaʔxʷ. (There's good saskatoons at Ashnola.)

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17. cpapín̓- folded example sentences: 1. l̓ sq̓sápiʔs, iʔ sqil̓tks ʔa cƛ̓lal̓ cpapín̓ uł ctxl̓k̓íc̓aʔ mi sic əcliq̓. (In the old days, the body of a dead person was folded and wrapped up before being buried.) 2. n̓q̓ʷaʔítkʷłtn̓ in̓ʔuʔx̌ʷtílaʔt iʔ ny̓l̓xʷupstn̓s uł kłiqʷn. x̌ʷw̓x̌ʷw̓aw̓ ułpapín. (I wash my baby's diapers and hang them up. When they're dry, I fold them up.) 3. papín̓t astətm̓tím̓uł kʷum̓kʷúmn̓t. (Fold your clothes and put them away.)

18. n̓t̓k̓ʷúlaʔxʷ- put into the ground example sentences: 1. ixíʔ aʔ ctxəl̓kíc̓aʔ cn̓t̓k̓ʷúlaʔxʷ l̓ sək̓ʷtiw̓sts, ccəcqin̓k, km̓ ʔam̓tútyaʔ. (The wrapped up body would be buried on its side, on its back, or in a sitting position.) 2. kʷu k̓ʷan̓łqm̓ t patáq n̓łəx̌ʷúlaʔxʷn̓tm̓ uł n̓t̓k̓ʷúlaʔxʷtn̓tm̓. (We planted potatoes. We made holes and put them in the ground.) 3. łə ƛ̓lal̓ isłəłw̓íl̓t ilíʔ l̓ c̓up̓áq̓ kiʔ n̓t̓k̓ʷúlaʔxʷn̓tm̓. (When my neice died we buried her at Chopaka.)

19. sək̓ʷtiw̓st- one side / half reduplication: imperatives: conjugations: example sentences: 1. ixíʔ aʔ ctxəl̓kíc̓aʔ cn̓t̓k̓ʷúlaʔxʷ l̓ sək̓ʷtiw̓sts, ccəcqin̓k, km̓ ʔam̓tútyaʔ. (The wrapped up body would be buried on its side, on its back, or in a sitting position.) 2. kʷu pl̓sqáx̌aʔm̓ t st̓mʕal̓t uł kłixʷpn̓tm̓sək̓ʷsək̓ʷtiw̓s iʔ słiqʷ. (We butchered beef and we hung halves of beef.) 3. q̓sápiʔ ckim̓stəlx iʔ sək̓ʷtm̓sqilxʷ. (Long ago they didn't like halfbreeds.)

20. cəcqin̓k- lying on back example sentences: 1. ixíʔ aʔ ctxəl̓kíc̓aʔ cn̓t̓k̓ʷúlaʔxʷ l̓ sək̓ʷtiw̓sts, ccəcqin̓k, km̓ ʔam̓tútyaʔ. (The wrapped up body would be buried on its side, on its back, or in a sitting position.) 2. ilíʔ kʷu ccəqcqin̓k l̓ aʔ cc̓íl̓aʔxʷ. (We were lying on our backs in the shade.) 3. t st̓y̓t̓y̓m̓ułts niʕ̓áy̓p ccəcqin̓k. (He was so lazy he was always laying on his back.)

21. ʔam̓tútyaʔ- in a sitting position example sentences: 1. ixíʔ aʔ ctxəl̓kíc̓aʔ cn̓t̓k̓ʷúlaʔxʷ l̓ sək̓ʷtiw̓sts, ccəcqin̓k, km̓ ʔam̓tútyaʔ. (The wrapped up body would be buried on its side, on its back, or in a sitting position.) 2. n̓yaxʷt iʔ sk̓ʷək̓ʷiml̓t l̓ aʔ cn̓łax̌ʷ łə ƛ̓lap uł cʔam̓ʔam̓tútyaʔ. (The child fell into the hole and when he stopped he was in a sitting position.) 3. iʔ skm̓xist ʔam̓tútyaʔ l̓ yʕacín̓. (The bear was sitting on the shore.)

22. n̓t̓k̓ʷmin̓- coffin

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example sentences: 1. ʕapnáʔ, txʷaʔxʷʔít ʔi syilx cn̓t̓k̓ʷstisəl̓x l̓ n̓t̓k̓ʷmin̓ c̓x̌ił t sámaʔ. (Nowadays, many Syilx people bury their dead in a coffin̓ like the Euro-Americans.) 2. qʷam̓qʷm̓t iłkíkxaʔ iʔ n̓t̓k̓ʷmin̓s. (My sister had a beautiful coffin.) 3. lut in̓cá ikłəłn̓t̓k̓ʷmín. (I don't want a coffin.)

23. xʷk̓ʷn̓cut- clean̓ oneself example sentences: 1. aʔ cn̓ƛ̓lal̓ ck̓ʷul̓m̓sts iʔ skʷəkʷʔiłp łə ksxʷk̓ʷn̓cuts uł xʷk̓ʷiłxʷm. (The family of the dead person uses rose branches to clean̓ themselves and their home.) 2. ła cłəłx̌ʷm̓x iʔ t̓aʔt̓ʔík̓ taʔlí cxʷk̓ʷn̓cut. (When the young people reach puberty they clean̓ themselves.)

24. xʷk̓ʷiłxʷm- clean̓ house example sentences: 1. aʔ cn̓ƛ̓lal̓ ck̓ʷul̓m̓sts iʔ skʷəkʷʔiłp łə ksxʷk̓ʷn̓cuts uł xʷk̓ʷiłxʷm. (The family of the dead person uses rose branches to clean̓ themselves and their home.) 2. qipcm̓uł iʔ sqilxʷ cxʷk̓ʷxʷk̓ʷiłxʷm. (In the spring time the people spring clean.) 3. pn̓kin̓ mi kʷ xʷk̓ʷiłxʷm̓? (When are you going to clean̓ your house?)

25. c̓iw̓- wash example sentences: 1. iʔ tm̓niʔ cc̓iw̓ uł cx̌ac, iʔ k̓ʷiƛ̓tʔ i sqilxʷ ła cn̓ƛ̓lal̓, kmutm̓s iʔ sn̓ƛ̓lal̓s put əckʷum̓mi sic łəwis. (The body is washed and dressed, and in many families, somebody stays with the dead person from the time that they die until they are buried.) 2. yʕat iʔ stim̓cc̓w̓c̓iw̓ mi sic ʔiłn̓txʷ. (Everything should be washed before you eat it.) 3. húmaʔ kʷuʔ c̓iw̓łt in̓p̓úy̓xn̓ (Please wash my car.)

26. x̌ac- dress / get ready example sentences: 1. iʔ tm̓niʔ cc̓iw̓ uł cx̌ac, iʔ k̓ʷiƛ̓tʔ i sqilxʷ ła cn̓ƛ̓lal̓, kmutm̓s iʔ sn̓ƛ̓lal̓s put əckʷum̓mi sic łəwis. (The body is washed and dressed, and in many families, somebody stays with the dead person from the time that they die until they are buried.) 2. yʕat papút iʔ sx̌cx̌acsəl̓x. (They had identical clothing.) 3. x̌ast aksx̌cmn̓cút ʕapnáʔ sx̌l̓x̌ʕal̓t. (Dress up nice today.)

27. k̓mutmnt- sit with someone / something example sentences: 1. iʔ tm̓niʔ cc̓iw̓ uł cx̌ac, iʔ k̓ʷiƛ̓tʔ i sqilxʷ ła cn̓ƛ̓lal̓, kmutm̓s iʔ sn̓ƛ̓lal̓s put əckʷum̓mi sic łəwis. (The body is washed and dressed, and in many families, somebody stays with the dead person from the time that they die until they are buried.) 2. iksk̓aw̓s k̓mutmnm̓istm̓tímaʔ. I'm going to go and sit with my grandma.) 3. ilíʔ q̓sápiʔ k̓mutmn̓ kiʔ sic kʷuʔ łəwin̓tm̓. (I sat with him for a long time before he left us.) N̓səl̓xcin̓ 3: An Advanced Course in Colville-Okanagan Salish revised 06/5/17 27

28. kc̓qʷaqʷmn̓t- cry / mourn̓ for someone example sentences: 1. ła ctm̓niʔm̓i ʔ sqilxʷ, ck̓aʕxtsəl̓x, n̓kʷnim̓kc̓ əqʷc̓qʷaqʷm̓səl̓x. (At the funeral, the people pray, sing and cry for the person who has died.) 2. iʔ sqʷsqʷasíʔas kc̓qʷc̓qʷəqʷmin̓tm̓. (Her children̓ mourned for her.) 3. tan̓mús ixíʔ t sql̓tmixʷ pútaʔm̓kc̓qʷəqʷmin̓txʷ . (That man is not worth crying for.)

29. n̓tkʷil̓sn̓t- accompany example sentences: 1. łə wiʔstm̓níʔm̓i ʔ sqilxʷ əcʔaluʔscút uł ʔałʔíłn̓, n̓tkʷil̓səs aʔ cn̓ƛ̓lal̓ mi lut taʔlí ksq̓l̓spuʔústsəl̓x. (After the burial, the people gather together to eat, to visit and to keep the family company so they won't be so sad.) 2. xəsnusəl̓x iʔ ƛ̓x̌ƛ̓x̌apsəl̓x, iksk̓áw̓sn̓tkʷíl̓sm. (They miss their Elder so I'm going to go keep them company.) 3. ixíʔ in̓kəkw̓ʔáp in̓təkʷtkʷíls. (Those dogs of mine are my pets.)

30. mʔikstm̓- bother example sentences: 1. łə wiʔskʷúm̓səl̓x, liq̓səl̓x, iʔ kłəʔam̓s t̓iʔ qm̓qam̓t lut ksmaʔm̓scúts uł lut ksmʔikstm̓s iʔ sp̓y̓qałq naʔł iʔ mrim̓stn̓. (After the funeral and burial, the people who were closest to the dead person will wait a while before they start going out and gathering berries or medicine plants again.) 2. ła cqʷʕa ixíʔ maʔmʔíkstm̓s iʔ snəqsilxʷs. (When he gets drunk he bothers his relatives.) 3. kʷuʔ cmʔikstm̓stm̓iʔ n̓ml̓k̓ʷápaʔst. cckicx uł kl̓kil̓s iʔ sm̓um̓cxn. (That stud horse bothers us. He comes and chases our mare around.)

31. tkl̓kʷutm- stay far from example sentences: 1. cmay̓ lut ksxʷuy̓y̓s tm̓niʔm̓, km̓tkl̓kʷutm̓s iʔ tm̓tm̓niʔ uł tl̓ stm̓tm̓niʔtn̓ ixíʔ mi lut ksx̌ənum̓ts iʔ ʔuʔx̌ʷtílaʔt. (They might not go to the funeral, or they might stay far from the body and from the grave so that their baby is not hurt by the dead person.)

32. stm̓tm̓niʔtn̓- grave example sentences: 1. cmay̓ lut ksxʷuy̓y̓s tm̓niʔm̓, km̓tkl̓kʷutm̓s iʔ tm̓tm̓niʔ uł tl̓ stm̓tm̓niʔtn̓ ixíʔ mi lut ksx̌ənum̓ts iʔ ʔuʔx̌ʷtílaʔt. (They might not go to the funeral, or they might stay far from the body and from the grave so that their baby is not hurt by the dead person.) 2. iʔ tm̓tm̓niʔ cxʔit k̓l̓ sn̓k̓ʕaʔm̓n̓ sic xʷuy̓stm̓k̓l̓ sn̓tm̓tm̓niʔtn̓. (We take the corpse to the church then to the graveyard.) 3. t̓iʔ knánaqs iʔ sql̓tmixʷ t̓sxʷuy̓s cxʷk̓ʷstis iʔ sn̓tm̓tmníʔtn̓. (One man always claens the graveyard all by himself.)

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04. ƛ̓lal̓ iʔ sql̓tmixʷ tl̓ Hmishməs (Christine Quintasket) sʔaʔúm̓s x̌cm̓stim̓ / x̌cam get someone/thing ready n̓pəpilx go inside (more than 1) słəwilm̓t widow k̓ałʔípm other side cxʷipl̓p laid out / on a mat nak̓ql̓qnm cut hair p̓q̓ʷusm powder face n̓laʕ̓áy̓kstm reach into str̓ar string k̓łʕ̓acʕ̓acínm tie around neck k̓łʕ̓ackníkstm tie around arm k̓łʕ̓acxnám tie around leg txam comb hair taʔpál̓qs dirty clothes k̓łʔay̓sl̓scút change clothes nx̌ʷəx̌ʷwil̓s want to marry n̓łəx̌m̓tan in-laws kłəkmíc̓aʔ tied up ck̓n̓k̓an bent ʔapn̓kstásq̓t ten̓ days kłəxʷpn̓tim̓/ kłəxʷpan̓t hang something scʕasxn̓ rock slide kst̓ik̓l have food k̓ʷul̓cn̓t cook for someone skaʔłlásq̓t three days pul̓n̓t smudge ʔax̌ʷn̓t sweep n̓t̓k̓ʷn̓tim̓ / n̓t̓k̓ʷan̓t put into sck̓łn̓k̓ʷƛ̓ip opened n̓pkʷn̓tim̓ / n̓pkʷan̓t pour solids n̓p̓niw̓sn̓t put in in̓ a pile N̓səl̓xcin̓ 3: An Advanced Course in Colville-Okanagan Salish revised 06/5/17 29

kcqiw̓sn̓t put someone in / in the middle of kmay̓íplaʔn̓t tell about someone kpkʷínaʔm pour solids on top of / sprinkle solids cn̓xíʔmiʔst / n̓xiʔmiʔn̓t join̓ together / mix n̓kəxkxam̓ walk along pəx̌ʷm̓stim̓/ pəx̌ʷam distribute / spread c̓íl̓aʔxʷ shade k̓ʷinxcn a few words / how many words k̓aw̓st make gone smy̓may̓ kʷuʔ kicn̓tm̓ iʔ snqsiłxʷtət kʷuʔ m̓ay̓xítm̓ ƛ̓lal̓ iʔ ƛ̓əx̌ƛ̓x̌ap t sn̓kʷəkʷʔac. kʷuʔ x̌cm̓stim̓i ʔ tum̓tət, iʔ m̓istm̓tət ƛ̓lap sk̓ʷul̓m̓s get someone uł kʷuʔ kxn̓tim̓. kʷu łə xʷuy̓y, kʷu ksəc̓sic̓m̓ áłiʔ cm̓kʷu ilíʔ ready put wy̓skʷum̓səl̓x mi sic kʷu łcxʷuy̓y. kʷu k̓aʔítət k̓l̓ ƛ̓əx̌ƛ̓x̌ap iʔ citxʷs, kłnixl̓mn̓tm̓ iʔ nax̌ʷnx̌ʷs əccʕacʕáy̓pm. ilíʔ t̓iʔx̌ílm̓ uł ksx̌l̓x̌lap, kc̓qʷaqʷm̓s iʔ sx̌ílwiʔs. kʷu n̓pəpilx l̓ sxʷul̓łxʷsəl̓x, ʔi słəwilm̓t mut k̓ałʔípm̓s iʔ tm̓niʔ, go inside; widow; ixíʔ sx̌ílwiʔs. ilíʔ ct̓ak̓ʷ, cxʷipl̓p t tukʷtán̓ uł cktxʷípnaʔ t sic̓m̓ t̓iʔ other side; on a pʕa. iʔ pəptw̓ínaʔxʷ nak̓ql̓qnm, t̓ət̓áq̓aʔt, ilíʔ ct̓ak̓ʷ iʔ qəpqin̓tn̓s l̓ mat; cut hair k̓m̓łəniw̓ts. iʔ skʷƛ̓usts t̓iʔ q̓ʷʕay̓, p̓q̓ʷusm̓t qʷlmin. powdered face əcc̓qʷaqʷ iʔ tkəłmilxʷ, wikn̓tm̓ n̓laʕ̓áy̓kstm̓ l̓ qʷəqʷʔípaʔs reach into; string; ckʷis iʔ síp̓iʔ str̓ar. k̓łʕ̓acʕ̓acínm̓ t sip̓iʔ uł nixʷ k̓łʕ̓ackníkstm, tie around neck; k̓łʕ̓acxnám̓. ixíʔ mi lut ksn̓łíptmiʔs iʔ sx̌ílwiʔs put ilíʔ sʕasʕát t tie around arm; tie cniłc. q̓sápiʔ nəqspin̓tk kc̓qʷaqʷm̓sʔ i sx̌ílwiʔs. ilíʔ pn̓icíʔ lut around the leg kstxam̓s uł taʔpál̓qs, lut ksk̓łʔay̓sl̓scúts. ixíʔ mi yʕat cmistís lut comb one's hair; x̌minks swit, lut nx̌ʷəx̌ʷwil̓s. caʔkʷ ła ksqʷsqʷasíʔa uł yʕaʔt t dirty clothes; kłknxcutn̓s iʔ sn̓łəx̌m̓tan̓s łəw̓nikstmn̓tm̓ tl̓ sn̓ƛ̓lal̓s mi itíʔ łcmrim̓ change clothes; taʔxʷłknxcútn. want to marry; in- iʔ pəptw̓ínaʔxʷ x̌minks caʔkʷ iʔ sx̌ílwiʔs c̓x̌ił t q̓sápiʔ mi laws ckʷum, ctxl̓k̓íc̓aʔ t síp̓iʔ. q̓sápiʔ, ckłəkmíc̓aʔ t síp̓iʔ, iʔ tied up sc̓uʔc̓uʔxán̓s ck̓n̓k̓an̓ l̓ stkmax̌ʷc̓k̓s, iʔ kl̓kilxs n̓qaʔmíw̓sm̓sʔ i bent sc̓uʔc̓uʔxán̓s. łə qʷy̓úlaʔxʷ iʔ snəqsilxʷs, ixíʔ uł ckłəkmíc̓aʔ t síp̓iʔs iʔ stim̓k m̓ t əs c̓sic̓m̓. ixíʔ uł ʔapn̓kstásq̓t kłəxʷpn̓tisəl̓x ten̓ days; hang k̓anwíst, k̓łʔim̓s ha cmay̓ cxʷl̓xʷal̓t. ixíʔ ksx̌an̓ iʔ ʔapn̓kstásq̓t uł

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liq̓səl̓x ʔi tm̓niʔ, l̓ sq̓apúnaʔxʷ km̓ k̓łixʷútm̓s iʔ xƛ̓xƛ̓ut laʔkín̓ iʔ scʕasxn. rock slide lut sq̓əq̓sápiʔs kʷu łə scy̓ʕaps uł nixʷ cy̓ʕap iʔ sqilxʷ. ixíʔ uł k̓ʷul̓məl̓x t n̓pul̓xtn̓ k̓l̓ sqilxʷ kłəʔam̓ k̓l̓ k̓aw̓ʔíwl̓xʔ i citxʷsəl̓x. yʕat aʔ cy̓ʕap kst̓ik̓l, ixíʔ k̓ʷul̓məl̓x t kłn̓k̓ʷl̓cn̓cutn̓s ilíʔ k̓ʷul̓cs uł have food; cook ʔam̓tísʔ i sqilxʷ. yʕat sxl̓akək iʔ x̌əx̌iyáłnxʷ, iʔ səxʷk̓ʕaʔm̓ ʕk̓ aʔm̓ for uł n̓kʷnim̓ k̓l̓ə ƛ̓ x̌ƛ̓x̌ap. l̓skaʔłlásq̓ts tl̓ sƛ̓lal̓s, iʔ ƛ̓aʔkʷílx pul̓s uł three days; ʔax̌ʷs iʔ n̓t̓k̓ʷmin̓ iʔ sck̓ʷul̓s in̓místm̓ naʔł slax̌ts. iʔ ƛ̓aʔkʷílx smudge; sweep skʷəkʷʔiłp aʔ ck̓ʷul̓m̓s ła ck̓ʷul̓stsʔ i n̓t̓k̓ʷmin̓. cn̓pustsʔ i skʷəkʷʔiłp l̓ siw̓łkʷ itíʔ kaʔ cc̓iw̓stsʔ i tm̓niʔ, iʔ n̓t̓k̓ʷmin̓, iʔ n̓tm̓niʔtn̓ uł yʕat iʔ sqilxʷ aʔ ctm̓niʔm̓. n̓t̓k̓ʷn̓tis iʔ ƛ̓əx̌ƛ̓x̌ap l̓ n̓t̓k̓ʷmin̓, ixíʔ kt̓aq̓t̓q̓m̓kst t ƛ̓x̌əx̌ƛ̓x̌ap put into q̓ʷiłtm̓səl̓x k̓l̓ n̓tm̓tm̓niʔtn̓. łə xʷuy̓ q̓ʷiłtm̓səl̓x lut ksƛ̓laps mi miłəm̓t̓i ʔ niʕ̓áy̓p xʷuy̓. iʔ nun̓xʷínaʔtn̓s cm̓ł ə ƛ̓lapəl̓x mi miłəm̓, iʔ ƛ̓əx̌ƛ̓x̌ap iʔ txət̓n̓cutn̓s cm̓ ʕ̓ay̓m̓t mi x̌num̓sts swit. put ckicxstsəl̓x ʔi n̓t̓k̓ʷmin̓ mi sic n̓ciqsəl̓x ʔi n̓liq̓tn̓. lut t̓ x̌ast əł ksilíʔs sck̓łn̓k̓ʷƛ̓ip iʔ n̓liq̓tn̓. iʔ n̓liq̓tn̓ n̓pkʷn̓tisəl̓x uł tx̌ʷiw̓s open; put in t skʷəkʷʔiłp, n̓p̓niw̓səs t sx̌əx̌c̓iʔ iʔ n̓liq̓tn̓ uł ilíʔ kcqiw̓səsəl̓x iʔ lay down tm̓niʔ. ixíʔ iʔ y̓lmixʷm̓ ctiłx uł kmay̓íplaʔs yʕat iʔ x̌ast iʔ sck̓ʷul̓s put in; tell about iʔ ƛ̓əx̌ƛ̓x̌ap. łə wy̓sqʷl̓qʷil̓t, ʔax̌ʷs ʔi n̓t̓k̓ʷmin̓ t skʷəkʷʔiłp txl̓kmikstn̓. ixíʔ q̓ʷt̓sam̓ uł nixʷtúlaʔxʷs iʔ tm̓niʔ uł klíq̓naʔs t łúkʷlaʔxʷ. yʕat swit xʷuy̓ uł kpkʷínaʔməl̓x t łúkʷlaʔxʷ. łə q̓ʷic̓t pour solids on top aʔ cn̓łəx̌ʷúlaʔxʷ, iʔ smam̓ʔím̓ k̓ək̓alíʔ xʷist ta ck̓l̓ skc̓íkʷaʔs aʔ cliq̓, ʔi sql̓ql̓tmixʷ l̓ scxikst. pn̓icíʔ, iʔ sql̓ql̓tmixʷ naʔł smam̓ʔím̓ lut t̓a cn̓xíʔmiʔstəl̓x l̓ stm̓niʔx. mix/join̓ together łə wy̓stm̓niʔm̓, yʕayʕát swit łn̓kəxkxam̓ k̓l̓ k̓aw̓iwl̓x walk along ƛ̓x̌əx̌ƛ̓x̌ap iʔ citxʷsəl̓x uł ʔałʔíłn̓əl̓x. ʕy ayʕát iʔ stim̓s ʔi ƛ̓əx̌ƛ̓x̌ap naʔł pəptw̓ínaʔxʷ cʔácqaʔłtm̓ tl̓ sxʷul̓łxʷsəl̓x uł pəx̌ʷm̓stisəl̓x l̓ spread/distribute sic̓m̓l̓ aʔ cc̓íl̓aʔxʷ. iʔ y̓lmixʷm̓ckʷni m̓ t naqs uł k̓ʷinxcn̓ uł shade; say a few xʷic̓xts swit, cún̓maʔstm̓ tsł əwilm̓t naʔł snəqsilxʷs. yʕayʕát stim̓ words xʷic̓xm̓s, lut stim̓ ksk̓im̓ksts ʔt̓i kmax iʔ sx̌əx̌c̓iʔs iʔ sxʷul̓łxʷ. ilíʔ ckmn̓tis uł kc̓ík̓naʔs. łə k̓aw̓sts yʕat stim̓, iʔ slx̌lax̌ts naʔł make gone snəqsilxʷs łk̓ʷul̓łxʷsəl̓x t sic t sxʷul̓łxʷ uł xʷc̓xʷic̓xts xiʔmíx stim̓ iʔ ksyʕaʔyʕáʔts l̓ ksxʷl̓xʷal̓ts. c̓x̌ił itíʔ iʔ nak̓ʷúl̓mn̓sʔ i piyʕáʔ. sn̓súxʷnaʔ sw̓łtiłn̓

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1. swit iʔ cusəl̓x Hmishməs iʔ snəqsilxʷs uł ƛ̓lal̓ iʔ ƛ̓əx̌ƛ̓x̌ap ? 2. swit iʔ x̌cm̓stis Hmishməs ? 3. səxkinx uł ksəc̓sic̓m̓ łə xʷuy̓y̓əl̓x Hmishməs naʔł snəqsilxʷs ? 4. stim̓ ʔi kłnixl̓msəl̓x əł k̓aʔítətəl̓x iʔ k̓l̓ ƛ̓əx̌ƛ̓x̌ap iʔ citxʷs ? 5. k̓aʔkín̓ kiʔ mut iʔ słəwilm̓t łə n̓pəpilx k̓l̓ sxʷul̓łxʷs Hmishməs naʔł snəqsilxʷs ? 6. c̓kin̓ kaʔ ct̓ak̓ʷ iʔ tm̓niʔ ? 7. c̓kin̓ nk̓ql̓qnm̓ iʔ słəwilm̓t ? k̓aʔkín̓ kaʔ ct̓ak̓ʷ iʔ qəpqin̓tn̓s iʔ słəwilm̓t ? 8. c̓kin̓ iʔ skʷƛ̓usts iʔ słəwilm̓t ? 9. stim̓ ʔi n̓laʕ̓áy̓ksts tl̓ qʷəqʷʔípaʔs iʔ słəwilm̓t ? 10. əxkistm̓ ʔi str̓ar t słəwilm̓t ? 11. səxkinx uł k̓łʕacn̓cút iʔ słəwilm̓t ? 12. q̓sápiʔ, c̓kin̓ iʔ sq̓əq̓sápiʔs uł ckc̓qʷaqʷm̓sts iʔ słəwilm̓t ? 13. q̓sápiʔ, c̓kin̓ iʔ caw̓ts iʔ słəwilm̓t ła ckc̓qʷaqʷm̓sts aʔ cƛ̓lal̓ ? 14. səxkinx uł lut kstxam̓s uł taʔpál̓qs iʔ słəwilm̓t ? 15. səxkinx uł t sn̓łəx̌m̓tan̓s ksłəw̓nikstmn̓tm̓ iʔ słəwilm̓t tl̓ sn̓ƛ̓lal̓s ułiʔ lútiʔ nəqspin̓tk ? 16. c̓kin̓ x̌minks iʔ pəptw̓ínaʔxʷ mi ckʷum̓ iʔ sx̌ílwiʔs ? 17. c̓kin̓ iʔ q̓sápiʔ ckʷum̓ nk̓ʷul̓mn̓ ? 18. l̓ stim̓ ckłəkmíc̓aʔ iʔ tm̓niʔ łə qʷy̓úlaʔxʷ iʔ snəqsilxʷs ? 19. q̓sápiʔ, k̓ʷn̓xasq̓t kłəxʷpn̓tm̓ iʔ tm̓niʔ mi cmistím̓ uníxʷ ƛ̓lal̓ ? 20. q̓sápiʔ, k̓aʔkín̓ kaʔ cliq̓stm̓ aʔ cƛ̓lal̓ ? 21. stim̓ ʔi k̓ʷul̓łxʷməl̓x iʔ sqilxʷ łə y̓ʕapəl̓x k̓l̓ słəwilm̓t iʔ citxʷs ? 22. pn̓kin̓ iʔ səxk̓ʕaʔm̓ ck̓ʕaʔm̓ uł cn̓kʷnim̓ k̓l̓ ƛ̓əx̌ƛ̓x̌ap ? 23. swit iʔ pul̓s uł ʔax̌ʷs iʔ n̓t̓k̓ʷmin̓s iʔ sck̓ʷul̓s Hmishməs iʔ mistm̓s ? 24. stim̓ ʔi ck̓ʷul̓m̓sts ła ck̓ʷul̓sts iʔ n̓t̓k̓ʷmin̓ iʔ ƛ̓aʔkʷílx ? 25. stim̓ ʔi cc̓w̓stm̓ iʔ t skʷəkʷʔiłp scn̓pus ? 26. tk̓ʷink̓ʷnx iʔ ƛ̓x̌əx̌ƛ̓x̌ap q̓ʷiłtm̓s iʔ n̓t̓k̓ʷmin̓ k̓l̓ n̓tm̓tm̓niʔtn̓ ? 27. səxkinx uł lut t̓a cmiłm̓ ła cq̓ʷiłtm̓stsəl̓x iʔ n̓t̓k̓ʷmin̓ ? 28. stim̓ ʔi sx̌əx̌c̓iʔs cn̓pkʷstim̓ l̓ n̓liq̓tn̓ ? 29. swit iʔ kmay̓íplaʔs yʕat iʔ x̌ast ʔi sck̓ʷul̓s aʔ cƛ̓lal̓ ? 30. t stim̓ ułʔ ax̌ʷs iʔ n̓t̓k̓ʷmin̓ iʔ y̓lmixʷm̓ ? 31. swit iʔ kpkʷínaʔsəl̓x iʔ n̓liq̓tn̓ t łúkʷlaʔxʷ ? 32. stim̓ ʔa c̓kists ʔi smam̓ʔím̓ łə q̓ʷic̓t aʔ cn̓łəx̌ʷúlaʔxʷ ? uł iʔ sql̓ql̓tmixʷ ? 33. stim̓ ʔa ckists iʔ sqilxʷ łə wiʔstm̓níʔm̓ aʔ cƛ̓lal̓ ? 34. əxkistm̓ yʕayʕát ʔi stim̓s iʔ ƛ̓x̌əx̌ƛ̓x̌ap ? 35. swit iʔ ccún̓maʔsts k̓l̓ swit ksxʷic̓łts iʔ stm̓tim̓ t y̓lmixʷm̓ ? 36. əxkistm̓ ʔi sx̌əx̌c̓iʔs iʔ sxʷul̓łxʷs aʔ cƛ̓lal̓ ? 37. lut stim̓ ck̓im̓kstm̓ uł swit iʔ łk̓ʷul̓łxʷstm̓ ? an̓cáw̓t sw̓łtiłn̓ 1. swit iʔ kicn̓ts t skłəʔaʔ ? swit iʔ kicn̓txʷ ? may̓xít. 2. swit iʔ x̌cm̓stíxʷ t spiʔsc̓íłt ? swit iʔ x̌cm̓stum̓s ? may̓xít. 3. swit iʔ kłnixl̓mn̓txʷ t sn̓kʷəkʷʔac ? swit iʔ kłnixl̓mn̓ts ? 4. swit iʔ kc̓qʷaqʷm̓n̓txʷ t snəqspin̓tk ? səxkinx ?

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5. ha kʷ nak̓ql̓qnm, t̓ət̓áq̓aʔt t snəqspin̓tk ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 6. ha kʷ ck̓łʕ̓acʕ̓acínm̓? ha kʷ ck̓łʕ̓ackníkstm̓ km̓k̓ł ʕ̓acxnám̓? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 7. kʷ ła cx̌cmn̓cut, ha taʔlí kʷ ck̓łʔay̓sl̓scút ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 8. ha kʷ cnx̌ʷəx̌ʷwil̓s ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 9. ha asx̌mn̓káw̓s ckłəkmíc̓aʔ t sip̓iʔ t skłəʔaʔ ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 10. swit aʔ ck̓ʷul̓cn̓stm̓s ? swit iʔ ck̓ʷul̓cn̓stxʷ ? may̓xít. 11. ha kʷ k̓ʕawm̓uł kʷ n̓kʷnim̓ t spiʔsc̓íłt ? ə s xkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 12. ha pul̓n̓txʷ swit km̓ stim̓ t skłəʔaʔ ? ha swit pul̓n̓ts ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 13. ha ck̓ʷul̓m̓stxʷ iʔ skʷəkʷʔiłp siw̓łkʷ ? ha cc̓iw̓stxʷ iʔ stm̓tim̓ t skʷəkʷʔiłp siw̓łkʷ ? may̓xít. 14. ha kʷ ƛ̓lap uł kʷ miłm̓ t spiʔsc̓íłt ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 15. ha swit x̌num̓stm̓s t sn̓k̓ʷspin̓tk ? ha x̌num̓stxʷ swit ? may̓xít. 16. swit iʔ kmay̓íplaʔn̓txʷ t spiʔsc̓íłt ? səxkinx uł kmay̓íplaʔn̓txʷ ? swit iʔ kmay̓íplaʔn̓ts ? may̓xít. 17. ha kʷ q̓ʷt̓sam̓ t sn̓kʷəkʷʔac ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 18. ł akswíkm̓ aslx̌láx̌t cʔicəckn, ha niʕ̓áy̓p kʷ cn̓xiʔm̓ ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 19. stim̓ asəcpx̌ʷmám̓ łə ʔistkm̓ łə spútaʔ sx̌l̓x̌ʕal̓t ? k̓l̓ sw̓swit asəcpx̌ʷám̓ ? may̓xít. 20. l̓ scaʔáqʷ, ha an̓x̌ást aksmút l̓aʔ cc̓íl̓aʔxʷ ł aksłápm̓ t n̓c̓rítaʔtkʷ ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 21. kʷ ła cƛ̓lal̓, swit an̓x̌mín̓k ksk̓ʷinxcn̓s ?səxkinx ? may̓xít. 22. kʷ ła c̓iłn̓, ha niʕ̓áy̓p ck̓aw̓stxʷ yʕat iʔ sʔiłn̓ asckʷním̓ ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 23. ha kʷ kłyʕat stim̓ascy ʕaʔyʕáʔt l̓ ascxʷl̓xʷál̓t ? stim̓nixʷ aʔ cyʕaʔtmístxʷ ? may̓xít. 24. ha an̓x̌ást iʔ q̓sápiʔ nak̓ʷúl̓mn̓s k̓l̓ piyʕáʔ ła cƛ̓lal̓ʔ i sql̓tmixʷ ? s əxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? skłʔiy̓sm̓ t x̌ilm̓s ʔaʔúm̓s A. Point of View Excercise aksck̓ʷúl̓: change the phrase for each new subject, maintaining the same tenses. Follow the model. Translate the new phrase to English.

kʷu k̓aʔítət k̓l̓ ƛ̓əx̌ƛ̓x̌apʔ i citxʷs, kłnixl̓mn̓tm̓i ʔ nax̌ʷnx̌ʷs əccʕacʕáy̓pm.

EX: in̓cá: kn̓ k̓aʔítət k̓l̓ ƛ̓əx̌ƛ̓x̌ap iʔ citxʷs, kłnixl̓mn̓ iʔ nax̌ʷnx̌ʷs əccʕacʕáy̓pm.

1. anwí: nuyápixcn̓:

2. Staqʷál̓qs: nuyápixcn̓:

3. in̓cá naʔł X̌sal̓qs: nuyápixcn̓:

4. anwí naʔł Cay̓lxʷ: nuyápixcn̓:

5. Tapít naʔł Kiʔláw̓naʔ: nuyápixcn̓:

N̓səl̓xcin̓ 3: An Advanced Course in Colville-Okanagan Salish revised 06/5/17 33

B. Point of View and Tense Excercise aksck̓ʷúl̓: change the phrase to a future tense for each new subject.. Follow the model. Translate the new phrase to English.

kʷu k̓aʔítət k̓l̓ ƛ̓əx̌ƛ̓x̌apʔ i citxʷs, kłnixl̓mn̓tm̓i ʔ nax̌ʷnx̌ʷs əccʕacʕáy̓pm.

EX: anwí: kʷ sk̓aʔítətaʔx k̓l̓ ƛ̓əx̌ƛ̓x̌apʔ i citxʷs, akskłníxl̓mnm̓ iʔ nax̌ʷnx̌ʷs əccʕacʕáy̓pm.

1. anwí: nuyápixcn̓:

2. Staqʷál̓qs: nuyápixcn̓:

3. in̓cá naʔł X̌sal̓qs: nuyápixcn̓:

4. anwí naʔł Cay̓lxʷ: nuyápixcn̓:

5. Tapít naʔł Kiʔláw̓naʔ: nuyápixcn̓:

C. Intransitive Commands aksck̓ʷúl̓: change each phrase to an affirmative intransitive command. If possible make a singular command, otherwise make a plural command Follow the model. Translate the new command to English.

EX: iʔ pəptw̓ínaʔxʷ nak̓ql̓qnm̓. nak̓ql̓qnx. Cut hair!

1. p̓q̓ʷusm̓t qʷlmin. nuyápixcn̓:

2. k̓łʕ̓acʕ̓acínm̓ t sip̓iʔ. nuyápixcn̓:

3. nixʷ k̓łʕ̓ackníkstm̓, k̓łʕ̓acxnám̓. nuyápixcn̓:

4. lut ksk̓łʔay̓sl̓scúts. nuyápixcn̓:

5. k̓ʷul̓məl̓x t n̓pul̓xtn̓. nuyápixcn̓:

N̓səl̓xcin̓ 3: An Advanced Course in Colville-Okanagan Salish revised 06/5/17 34

6. iʔ səxʷk̓ʕaʔm̓k̓ ʕaʔm̓uł n̓kʷnim̓. nuyápixcn̓:

7. ƛ̓lapəl̓x mi miłəm̓. nuyápixcn̓:

8. iʔ y̓lmixʷm̓ctiłx . nuyápixcn̓:

9. iʔ smam̓ʔím̓k̓ ək̓alíʔ xʷist. nuyápixcn̓:

10. iʔ y̓lmixʷm̓ckʷni m̓t naqs uł k̓ʷinxcn. nuyápixcn̓:

D. Past/Present 36 Verb Box aksck̓ʷúl̓: Complete the box with correct transitive verb/object forms. x̌cm̓stim̓- to get someone/something ready in̓cá anwí cniłc mnim̓łtət mnim̓łəm̓p mnim̓łcəl̓x in̓cá xxx x̌cm̓stumn̓ x̌cm̓stin̓ xxx x̌cm̓łulmn̓ x̌cm̓stinəl̓x anwí kʷuʔ xxx x̌cm̓stixʷ kʷuʔ x̌cm̓stixʷ xxx x̌cm̓stixʷəl̓x x̌cm̓stixʷ cniłc kʷuʔ x̌cm̓stis x̌cm̓stum̓s x̌cm̓stis kʷuʔ x̌cm̓stim̓ x̌cm̓łulm̓s x̌cm̓stisəl̓x mnim̓łtət xxx x̌cm̓stum̓t x̌cm̓stim̓ xxx x̌cm̓łulm̓t x̌cm̓stim̓əl̓x mnim̓łəm̓p kʷuʔ x̌cm̓stip xxx x̌cm̓stip kʷuʔ x̌cm̓stip xxx x̌cm̓stipəl̓x cniłcəlx kʷuʔ x̌cm̓stum̓s- x̌cm̓stisəl̓x kʷuʔ x̌cm̓łulm̓səl̓x x̌cm̓stim̓əl̓x x̌cm̓stisəl̓x əl̓x x̌cm̓stim̓əl̓x mnim̓łcəl̓x

E. Transitive Verbal Exchanges with Objects aksck̓ʷúl̓: answer the questions with a complete n̓səl̓xcin̓ sentence. Translate the question and your answer to English.

1. səxkinx uł lut t̓ x̌cm̓stipəl̓x ? (n̓k̓sk̓aʔsíl̓s)

2. ha x̌cm̓stum̓s an̓túm̓ ? (kiw̓)

3. ha iʔ səxʷk̓ʷl̓k̓ʷul̓m̓ x̌cm̓łulm̓səl̓x ʕapnáʔ t sx̌l̓x̌ʕal̓t ? (lut)

N̓səl̓xcin̓ 3: An Advanced Course in Colville-Okanagan Salish revised 06/5/17 35

4. ha uníxʷ uł lut t̓ x̌stmin̓txʷ łə x̌cm̓stum̓st t spiʔsc̓íłt ? (kiw̓)

5. ha cmistíxʷ səxkinx uł x̌cm̓stumn̓ ? (lut)

6. sw̓swit kiʔ kʷuʔ x̌cm̓stisəl̓x ? (tw̓tw̓it)

ck̓ʷul̓m̓stm̓ iʔ sʔaʔúm̓s 1. x̌cm̓stim̓- get someone/something ready example sentences: 1. kʷuʔ x̌cm̓stim̓i ʔ tum̓tət, iʔ m̓istm̓tət ƛ̓lap sk̓ʷul̓m̓s uł kʷuʔ kxntim̓. (Mother got us ready, and Father laid off his work to join̓ us.) 2. n̓ín̓wiʔs kn̓ x̌cmn̓cut. (I will get dressed.) 3. x̌cx̌cm̓stim̓t kʷal̓t áłiʔ c̓ałt iʔ tk̓m̓tkniłxʷ. (We dressed them warm because its cold outside.)

2. n̓pəpilx- enter / go inside (more than one) example sentences: 1. kʷu n̓pəpilx l̓ sxʷulłxʷsəl̓x, iʔ słəwilm̓t mut k̓ałʔípm̓s iʔ tm̓niʔ, ixíʔ sx̌ílwiʔs. (We entered their teepee, and the widow was sitting behind her dead husband.) 2. t̓iʔ ilíʔ k̓łn̓k̓ʷƛ̓ipsəl̓x uł p n̓pəpilx. (As soon as they open̓ you folks go in.) 3. n̓ʔułxʷ k̓l̓ citxʷ. (He went in the house.)

3. słəwilm̓t- widow / someone in mourning example sentences: 1. kʷu n̓pəpilx l̓ sxʷulłxʷsəl̓x, iʔ słəwilm̓t mut k̓ałʔípm̓s iʔ tm̓niʔ, ixíʔ sx̌ílwiʔs. (We entered their teepee, and the widow was sitting behind her dead husband.) 2. ła ct̓ʕapnwíxʷ, xʷʔit iʔ słəw̓łəwilm̓t. (During the war their were a lot of widows.) 3. taʔlí cq̓lspuʔús iʔ słəwilm̓t. (A widow is heartbroken.)

4. k̓ałʔípm- on the other side example sentences: 1. kʷu n̓pəpilx l̓ sxʷulłxʷsəl̓x, iʔ słəwilm̓t mut k̓ałʔípm̓s iʔ tm̓niʔ, ixíʔ sx̌ílwiʔs. (We entered their teepee, and the widow was sitting behind her dead husband.) 2. k̓ałʔípm̓s iʔ k̓łʕal̓mín̓ kiʔ kn̓ cp̓iƛ̓m. (I dig roots on the other side of the fence.) 3. iʔ sn̓x̌ʷax̌ʷílmn̓ k̓ałʔípm̓s iʔ taw̓n. (The dump is on the otherside of town.)

5. xʷipl̓p- laid out example sentences: 1. ilíʔ ct̓ak̓ʷ, cxʷipl̓p t tukʷtán̓ uł cktxʷípnaʔ t sic̓m̓t̓i ʔ pʕa. (He was laid out on some tule mats and

N̓səl̓xcin̓ 3: An Advanced Course in Colville-Okanagan Salish revised 06/5/17 36

covered with a gray blanket.) 2. xʷəpxʷipl̓pm̓ iʔ sqilxʷ uł qmínmiʔst. (The people laid out there blankets and lay down.) 3. kłxʷipn̓t iʔ latáp t kłxʷipmn. (Put a table cloth on the table.)

6. nak̓ql̓qnm- cut hair example sentences: 1. iʔ pəptw̓ínaʔxʷ nak̓ql̓qnm, t̓ət̓áq̓aʔt, ilíʔ ct̓ak̓ʷ iʔ qəpqin̓tn̓s l̓ k̓m̓łəniw̓ts. (The old woman had cut her hair off short, and her hair lay beside her.) 2. iksnək̓nák̓pl̓qnm̓inkəkw̓ʔáp. (I'm going to cut my dogs hair off.) 3. ha x̌ast ła cnak̓ql̓qnm̓ iʔ səxʷnak̓pl̓qm̓ ? (Does that barber do a good job cutting hair?)

7. p̓q̓ʷusm- powder one's face example sentences: 1. iʔ skʷƛ̓usts t̓iʔ q̓ʷʕay̓, p̓q̓ʷusm̓ t qʷlmin. (Her face was blackened with ashes.) 2. iʔ smam̓ʔím̓p̓əq̓ʷp̓q̓ʷus m̓ t pʕastn̓. (The women powder their faces with powder.) 3. łə k̓łʔiy̓sn̓txʷ iʔ ny̓l̓xʷupstn̓s uł n̓p̓q̓ʷupsn̓txʷ. (When you change his diaper, powder his butt.)

8. n̓laʕ̓áy̓kstm- reach into something example sentences: 1. əcc̓qʷaqʷ iʔ tkəłmilxʷ, wikn̓tm̓n̓la ʕ̓áy̓kstm̓l̓ qʷəqʷʔípaʔs ckʷis iʔ síp̓iʔ str̓ar. (As she was crying, we saw her reach into a hemp bag and take out some buckskin̓ string.) 2. iʔ stm̓kʔil̓ts x̌litxtm̓ t sqlaw̓ ixíʔ sn̓laʕ̓áy̓kstm̓s. (His daughter asked for some money so he reaches in his pocket.) 3. x̌ʷupt t sql̓tmixʷ t̓iʔ kmax cn̓laʔlaʕ̓áy̓kst. (That man is not much good, he stands around with his hands in his pocket.)

9. str̓ar- string reduplication: str̓tr̓ar example sentences: 1. əcc̓qʷaqʷ iʔ tkəłmilxʷ, wikn̓tm̓n̓la ʕ̓áy̓kstm̓l̓ qʷəqʷʔípaʔs ckʷis iʔ síp̓iʔ str̓ar. (As she was crying, we saw her reach into a hemp bag and take out some buckskin̓ string.) 2. ckm̓ant iʔ str̓tr̓ar itíʔ mi ʕacʕacán̓t. (Bring some string you can tie it with it.) 3. wisxn̓ aksck̓át̓ t str̓ar. (Cut a long string.)

10. k̓łʕ̓acʕ̓acínm- tie around the neck example sentences: 1. k̓łʕ̓acʕ̓acínm̓ t sip̓iʔ uł nixʷ k̓łʕ̓ackníkstm, k̓łʕ̓acxnám̓. (She tied loops of buckskin̓ around her neck, and then around each wrist and ankle.) 2. iksk̓łʕacʕaccínm̓in̓kəkw̓ʔáp. (I'm going to tie my dogs by the neck.) 3. iʔ st̓ət̓ʕaʔk̓ám̓ck̓łʕacʕaccí n̓ uł kłl̓lw̓l̓iwəlx. (The puppy has a little collar with a little bell.)

11. k̓łʕ̓ackníkstm- tie on the arms / hands N̓səl̓xcin̓ 3: An Advanced Course in Colville-Okanagan Salish revised 06/5/17 37

example sentences: 1. k̓łʕ̓acʕ̓acínm̓ t sip̓iʔ uł nixʷ k̓łʕ̓ackníkstm, k̓łʕ̓acxnám̓. (She tied loops of buckskin̓ around her neck, and then around each wrist and ankle.) 2. k̓l̓ sn̓q̓l̓tiłxʷtn̓ yʕat swit ck̓łʕacʕackníkst. (At the hospital everyone has to wear a bracelet.) 3. txt̓mistx cm̓k̓łʕackníksn̓ts n̓ k̓ in̓cá. (You be careful or I might tie your wrist to me.)

12. k̓łʕ̓acxnám- tie on the leg example sentences: 1. k̓łʕ̓acʕ̓acínm̓ t sip̓iʔ uł nixʷ k̓łʕ̓ackníkstm, k̓łʕ̓acxnám̓. (She tied loops of buckskin̓ around her neck, and then around each wrist and ankle.) 2. łə km̓nun̓txʷ iʔ skəkʕákaʔ kʕ̓acʕacxán̓t. (When you manage to catch the chickens tie their feet up.) 3. łə ksq̓y̓n̓tisəl̓x iʔ kʷl̓kʷl̓alxʷ łəxʷpusəsəl̓x n̓c̓q̓úlaʔxʷsəl̓x ułʕacʕacxn̓tísəl̓x. (When they're going to brand calves they rope and throw it on the ground then they tie its legs together.)

13. txam- comb one's hair example sentences: 1. ilíʔ pn̓icíʔ lut kstxams, uł taʔpál̓qs, lut ksk̓łʔaysəlscúts. (During that time she would not comb her hair, wore dirty clothes, and didn't change her clothes). 2. txant uł q̓əc̓ant an̓qəpqín̓tn. ( comb and braid your hair) 3. txtxant asqʷsqʷasíʔa iʔ qəpqin̓tn̓s. (Comb your kids' hair.)

14. taʔpál̓qs- dirty clothes example sentences: 1. 1. ilíʔ pn̓icíʔ lut kstxams, uł taʔpál̓qs, lut ksk̓łʔaysəlscúts. (During that time she would not comb her hair, wore dirty clothes, and didn't change her clothes). 2. k̓łʔay̓sál̓qsn̓t. miyáł taʔpál̓qs. (Change her clothes. Her clothes are too dirty.) 3. cakʷúlaʔxʷm, łə way t̓iʔ war̓ t staʔpál̓qsts. (He was brush harrowing when he got done he was all black, his clothes were dirty.)

15. k̓łʔaysl̓scút- change clothes example sentences: 1. 1. ilíʔ pn̓icíʔ lut kstxams, uł taʔpál̓qs, lut ksk̓łʔaysəlscúts. (During that time she would not comb her hair, wore dirty clothes, and didn't change her clothes). 2. ksxʷúyaʔx k̓l̓ taw̓n. cn̓pəpilxəlx uł k̓łʔayʔaysál̓qsməlx. (They were going to town. They came in and changed their clothes.) 3. tałt kiʔ kʷ qy̓axʷ way t̓iʔ k̓łʔísn̓txʷ asx̌íƛ̓xn. (You stink, you better change your pants.)

16. nx̌ʷəx̌ʷw̓ils- want to be married / be a wife example sentences: 1. ixíʔ mi yʕat cmistís lut x̌minks swit, lut nx̌ʷəx̌ʷw̓ils. (ixíʔ mi yʕat cmistís lut x̌minks swit, lut nx̌ʷəx̌ʷw̓ils.) 2. niʕ̓áy̓p ct̓əckicx kn̓ n̓tils nx̌ʷnx̌ʷil̓sm̓s iʔ sn̓txʷusts. (He's always coming here. I think he's wanting his

N̓səl̓xcin̓ 3: An Advanced Course in Colville-Okanagan Salish revised 06/5/17 38

cousin̓ for a wife.) 3. ixíʔ caw̓ts iʔ sql̓ql̓tmixʷ cnx̌ʷnx̌ʷil̓s. (That's the guy thing- they want a wife.)

17. sn̓łəx̌m̓tan̓- in-laws example sentences: 1. caʔkʷ ła ksqʷsqʷasíʔa uł yʕaʔt t kłknxcutn̓s iʔ sn̓łəx̌m̓tan̓s łəw̓nikstmn̓tm̓tl̓ sn̓ƛ̓lal̓s mi itíʔ łcmrim̓ taʔxʷłknxcútn. (Maybe if she had children and was in need of a helper her in-laws would release her from her mourning so that she could marry again and gain a helper.)

18. ckłəkmíc̓aʔ- tie up example sentences: 1. q̓sápiʔ, ckłəkmíc̓aʔ t síp̓iʔ, iʔ sc̓uʔc̓uʔxán̓s ck̓n̓k̓an̓ l̓ tkmax̌ʷc̓k̓s, iʔ kl̓kilxs n̓qaʔmíw̓sm̓s iʔ sc̓uʔc̓uʔxán̓s. (A long time ago, the body was sewed up in buckskin, with the legs folded against the chest, and with the arms between̓ the legs.) 2. ckłəkłəkmíc̓aʔsts t q̓ʷup̓xn̓ iʔ sqləw̓íc̓aʔ mi sic k̓łxʷic̓xm̓s. (They sewed the beaver pelts in gunny sacks before they sent it away) 3. ha akskłəkmíc̓aʔm̓ast̓aqʷíc̓aʔ ? (Are you going to sew up your quilt?)

19. k̓n̓k̓an̓- bent example sentences: 1. q̓sápiʔ, ckłəkmíc̓aʔ t síp̓iʔ, iʔ sc̓uʔc̓uʔxán̓s ck̓n̓k̓an̓ l̓ tkmax̌ʷc̓k̓s, iʔ kl̓kilxs n̓qaʔmíw̓sm̓s iʔ sc̓uʔc̓uʔxán̓s. (A long time ago, the body was sewed up in buckskin, with the legs folded against the chest, and with the arms between̓ the legs.) 2. ła n̓sw̓cnmist k̓n̓k̓n̓xnam̓ uł n̓sw̓cnmist. (When proposed he proposed on bent knees.) 3. k̓nan̓t an̓k̓aʔqín̓xn. (Bend your knee.)

20. qʷy̓úlaʔxʷ- wealthy example sentences: 1. łə qʷy̓úlaʔxʷ iʔ snəqsilxʷs, ixíʔ uł ckłəkmíc̓aʔ t síp̓iʔs iʔ stim̓k m̓ t əs c̓sic̓m̓. (If the family was wealthy, the body was sewn̓ into more skins or robes.) 2. iʔ qʷy̓qʷy̓úlaʔxʷ cp̓sƛ̓iłxʷ. (The rich have big houses.) 3. kn̓ łə ƛ̓x̌ap kn̓ ksqʷy̓úlaʔxʷaʔx. (When I grow up I'm going to be rich.)

21. ʔapn̓kstásq̓t- ten̓ days example sentences: 1. ixíʔ uł ʔapn̓kstásq̓t kłəxʷpn̓tisəl̓x k̓anwíst, k̓łʔim̓s ha cmay̓ cxʷəlxʷalt. (The body was then put up high for ten̓ days, watching for any sign̓ of life.) 2. ła kscwn̓cut ʔapn̓kstásq̓t akskʷíl̓stnm. (When you take care of yourself you have a sweat bath for ten̓ days.) 3. ʔapn̓kstásq̓t k̓łʔímn̓tsn̓ uł lut kʷ ckicx. (I waited ten̓ days for you and you never showed up.)

22. kłəxʷpn̓tim̓ / kłəxʷpan̓t- hang something up / put something up

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example sentences: 1. ixíʔ uł ʔapn̓kstásq̓t kłəxʷpn̓tisəl̓x k̓anwíst, k̓łʔim̓s ha cmay̓ cxʷəlxʷalt. (The body was then put up high for ten̓ days, watching for any sign̓ of life.) 2. ilíʔ mi kłixʷpn̓txʷ astətm̓tím. (You can hang your clothes there.) 3. way t̓iʔ kʷ txt̓mist cm̓kłəxʷpn̓tsin . (You better watch out or I might hang you up.)

23. scʕasxn̓- rock slide / small rock example sentences: 1. ixíʔ ksx̌an̓ iʔ ʔapn̓kstásq̓t uł liq̓səl̓x iʔ tm̓niʔ, l̓ sq̓apúnaʔxʷ km̓k̓łixʷútms iʔ xƛ̓xƛ̓ut laʔkín̓ iʔ scʕasxn. (Then, after ten̓ days, the body was buried, either in a sandy place, or under the rocks of a shale talus slope.) 2. iʔ swʕaʔ itíʔ t sxʕasxn̓ kiʔ tkʷiwl̓x. (The cougar climbed up the shale.) 3. mat stim̓itíʔ iʔ xiʔúst ck̓ʷal̓ʔíl̓k̓ iʔ scʕasxn. (Something must have went along the shale some rocks were rolling down.)

24. st̓ik̓l- food / something to eat example sentences: 1. yʕat aʔ cy̓ʕap kst̓ik̓l, ixíʔ k̓ʷul̓məlx t kłn̓k̓ʷl̓cn̓cutn̓s ilíʔ k̓ʷul̓cs uł ʔam̓tísʔ i sqilxʷ. (All the visitors brought food, and set up a place where everyone could cook and eat.) 2. yʕat swit t̓k̓t̓ik̓lm̓sic tkʷʔut. (Everyone had a lunch before they traveled.) 3. ha kʷ kst̓ik̓l. (Do you have lunch?)

25. k̓ʷul̓cn̓t- cook for someone example sentences: 1. yʕat aʔ cy̓ʕap kst̓ik̓l, ixíʔ k̓ʷul̓məlx t kłn̓k̓ʷl̓cn̓cutn̓s ilíʔ k̓ʷul̓cs uł ʔam̓tísʔ i sqilxʷ. (All the visitors brought food, and set up a place where everyone could cook and eat.) 2. iksk̓ʷúl̓cnm̓isn̓amʔímaʔt. (I'm going to cook for my grandchilgren.) 3. k̓ik̓m̓mi cy̓ʕap iʔ səxʷk̓ʷul̓k̓ʷul̓m, k̓ʷul̓k̓ʷúl̓cn̓t. (The workers are almost back. You better cook for them.)

26. kaʔłlásq̓t- three days example sentences: 1. l̓ skaʔłlásq̓ts tl̓ sƛ̓lal̓s, iʔ ƛ̓aʔkʷílx pul̓s uł ʔax̌ʷs iʔ n̓t̓k̓ʷmin̓ iʔ sck̓ʷuls in̓místm̓na ʔł slax̌ts. (Three days after the death, an Indian doctor came forward and brushed out the coffin̓ that my father and his friend had made.) 2. kaʔłlasq̓t iksk̓áw. (I'm going to be gone for three days.) 3. l̓ skaʔłlásq̓t mi kʷ łcxʷuy̓. (Come back on Wednesday.)

27. pul̓n̓t- smudge something example sentences: 1. l̓ skaʔłlásq̓ts tl̓ sƛ̓lal̓s, iʔ ƛ̓aʔkʷílx pul̓s uł ʔax̌ʷs iʔ n̓t̓k̓ʷmin̓ iʔ sck̓ʷuls in̓místm̓na ʔł slax̌ts. (Three days after the death, an Indian doctor came forward and brushed out the coffin̓ that my father and his

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friend had made.) 2. ʕapnáʔ sx̌l̓x̌ʕal̓t iksn̓pl̓púl̓qsm̓isípíʔ. (Today I'm going to smoke my hides.) 3. cxʷuy̓st asíp̓iʔ mi pul̓n̓txʷ. (Bring your hide and smoke it.)

28. ʔax̌ʷn̓t- sweep/brush something reduplication: example sentences: 1. l̓ skaʔłlásq̓ts tl̓ sƛ̓lal̓s, iʔ ƛ̓aʔkʷílx pul̓s uł ʔax̌ʷs iʔ n̓t̓k̓ʷmin̓ iʔ sck̓ʷuls in̓místm̓na ʔł slax̌ts. (Three days after the death, an Indian doctor came forward and brushed out the coffin̓ that my father and his friend had made.) 2. ʔax̌ʷʔáx̌ʷn̓t iʔ smik̓ʷt tl̓ p̓y̓p̓uyxn. (Sweep the snow off the cars.) 3. n̓ʔax̌ʷn̓t iʔ n̓t̓w̓stsqáx̌aʔtn̓. (Sweep out the barn.)

29. nt̓k̓ʷn̓tim̓/ n̓t̓k̓ʷan̓t- put something down̓ in example sentences: 1. n̓t̓k̓ʷn̓tis iʔ ƛ̓əx̌ƛ̓x̌ap l̓ n̓t̓k̓ʷmin̓, ixíʔ kt̓aq̓t̓q̓m̓kst t ƛ̓x̌əx̌ƛ̓x̌ap q̓ʷiłtm̓səl̓x k̓l̓ n̓tm̓tm̓niʔtn̓. (The old man was put in the coffin, and then it was carried to the cemetery by six old men.) 2. taʔlí cn̓sl̓xʷʔáqsm̓iʔ n̓t̓k̓ʷmin̓. (A coffin̓ can be very expensive.) 3. iʔ k̓l̓ sn̓k̓ʕaʔm̓n̓ kłn̓t̓kʷmin. (In the church they have a collection box.)

30. sck̓łn̓k̓ʷƛ̓ip- open̓ / opened reduplication: example sentences: 1. lut t̓x̌ast əł ksilíʔs sck̓łn̓k̓ʷƛ̓ip iʔ n̓liq̓tn̓. (It was not good to have a grave open̓ for very long.) 2. pútíʔ ck̓łn̓k̓ʷƛ̓k̓ʷƛ̓ip iʔ sn̓tw̓tw̓mistn̓. (The stores are still open.) 3. k̓łn̓k̓ʷƛ̓ipn̓t iʔ k̓łn̓k̓mip. (Open̓ the door.)

31. n̓pkʷn̓tim̓/ n̓pkʷan̓t- put/pour solids into something example sentences: 1. iʔ n̓liq̓tn̓ n̓pkʷn̓tisəl̓x uł tx̌ʷiw̓s t skʷəkʷʔiłp, n̓p̓niw̓səs t sx̌əx̌c̓iʔ iʔ n̓liq̓tn̓ uł ilíʔ kcqiw̓səsəl̓x iʔ tm̓niʔ. (The grave was filled half way with rose branches, poles were put across the opening, and the coffin̓ was placed over the grave.) 2. kʷu ƛ̓qałqm̓ t patáq uł n̓pəkʷpkʷn̓tim̓l̓ n̓łuqʷmín. (We dug the potatoes and put them in the cellar.) 3. n̓pkʷan̓t asx̌w̓íl̓tn̓ l̓ ƛ̓qƛ̓áqnaʔ. (Pour your dried stuff in sacks.)

32. n̓p̓niw̓snt- lay down̓ sticks/logs example sentences: 1. iʔ n̓liq̓tn̓ n̓pkʷn̓tisəl̓x uł tx̌ʷiw̓s t skʷəkʷʔiłp, n̓p̓niw̓səs t sx̌əx̌c̓iʔ iʔ n̓liq̓tn̓ uł ilíʔ kcqiw̓səsəl̓x iʔ tm̓niʔ. (The grave was filled half way with rose branches, poles were put across the opening, and the coffin̓ was placed over the grave.)

N̓səl̓xcin̓ 3: An Advanced Course in Colville-Okanagan Salish revised 06/5/17 41

2. n̓p̓níw̓sn̓t t sx̌əx̌c̓íʔ mi itíʔ kʷ ktxʷstiw̓s. (Put a stick across so you can walk across) 3. n̓p̓n̓p̓niw̓səs iʔ sx̌əx̌c̓iʔ uł k̓ʷul̓m̓ t n̓x̌liw̓s. (He put poles acoss to make a bridge.)

33. kcqiw̓sn̓t- place over/in̓ the middle of something example sentences: 1. iʔ n̓liq̓tn̓ n̓pkʷn̓tisəl̓x uł tx̌ʷiw̓s t skʷəkʷʔiłp, n̓p̓niw̓səs t sx̌əx̌c̓iʔ iʔ n̓liq̓tn̓ uł ilíʔ kcqiw̓səsəl̓x iʔ tm̓niʔ. (The grave was filled half way with rose branches, poles were put across the opening, and the coffin̓ was placed over the grave.) 2. ilíʔc kcqiw̓s in̓yirk̓ʷqín̓ l̓ latáp. (My cup is sitting on the table.) 3. kn̓ n̓wiw̓pm̓ uł kn̓ kcəqcəqiw̓s l̓ xƛ̓ut. (I backed over a rock.)

34. kmay̓íplaʔnt- tell about something example sentences: 1. ixíʔ iʔ yilmíxʷm̓ctiłx uł kmay̓íplaʔs yʕat iʔ x̌ast ʔi sck̓ʷul̓s iʔ ƛ̓əx̌ƛ̓x̌ap. (Then a chief came forward and spoke of the good things the old man had done.) 2. xʷuy̓x ik̓líʔ mi kmay̓íplaʔn̓t an̓cáw̓t. (Go over there and tell about what you've been̓ doing.) 3. km̓ay̓ípl̓aʔn̓t asck̓ʷúl̓. (Tell about your work.)

35. q̓ʷət̓sam̓- nod example sentences: 1. ixíʔ q̓ʷt̓sam̓uł nixʷtúlaʔxʷs iʔ tm̓niʔ uł klíq̓naʔs t łúk̓laʔxʷ. (Then he nodded for the body to be lowered and covered with dirt.) 2. lut kʷuʔ qʷl̓qʷil̓sts t̓iʔ q̓ʷt̓sam̓. (He didn't talk to me. He just nodded.) 3. ła cwikstxʷ iʔ sqilxʷ kʷ ctaq̓m̓k m̓kʷ q̓ʷt̓sam̓. (When you see people you wave or nod your head.)

36. nixʷtúlaʔxʷnt- put under the ground example sentences: 1. ixíʔ q̓ʷt̓sam̓uł nixʷtúlaʔxʷs iʔ tm̓niʔ uł klíq̓naʔs t łúk̓laʔxʷ. (Then he signaled for the body to be lowered and covered with dirt.) 2. asn̓łəqʷmín̓ l̓ nixʷtúlaʔxʷ mi k̓ʷúl̓łxʷn̓t. (Build your cellar underground) 3. iʔ sp̓iƛ̓m̓y̓lmixʷ m̓k̓l̓ yʕat k̓l̓ nixʷtúlaʔxʷ aʔ cplal̓. (The bitteroot is chief of all that grow underground.)

37. kpkʷínaʔm̓/ kpəkʷínaʔn̓t- pour solids over someone example sentences: 1. yʕat swit xʷuy̓ uł kpəkʷínaʔməl̓x t łúkʷlaʔxʷ. (Everyone stepped up to the grave and threw in a handful of dirt.) 2. kpəkʷpkʷínaʔn̓t t t̓axt ascn̓pús. (Pour sugar on your canning.) 3. kpəkʷpkʷínaʔn̓t t c̓art ask̓ʷl̓cn̓cút. (Sprinkle salt on your cooking.) 1. n̓t̓lin̓ksəl̓x uł c̓iw̓səl̓x, kpəkʷnínaʔsəl̓x t c̓art uł kłixʷpsəl̓x. (They gut and wash them, salt them and hang them.)

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2. lut miyáł akspəkʷínaʔm, t̓aw̓nínaʔxʷ kpəpkʷínaʔn̓txʷ. (Don't put too much on it, just sprinkle on a little bit.) 3. iʔ tm̓niʔ ckpək̓ínaʔstm̓. (We sprinkle dirt on the corpse.)

38. cnxíʔmiʔst- join̓ in / mix with example sentences: 1. pn̓icíʔ, iʔ sql̓ql̓tmixʷ naʔł smam̓ʔím̓lut t̓a cn̓xíʔmiʔstəl̓x l̓ stm̓niʔx. (In those days, the men and women did not mix at a funeral.) 2. t̓iʔ ilíʔ kicx uł n̓xiʔxíʔmiʔst l̓ k̓ʷiƛ̓t. (As soon as he got there he mixed with the rest.) 3. ixíʔ cn̓xiʔxíʔmiʔstx k̓ aʔ cc̓l̓al̓qʷm. (That one joined those stickgame players.)

39. n̓kəxkxam̓- walk along example sentences: 1. łə wiʔstm̓níʔm, yʕayʕát swit łn̓kəxkxam̓k̓l̓ k̓awíwəlx ƛ̓x̌əx̌ƛ̓x̌apʔ i citxʷsəl̓x uł ʔałʔíłn̓əlx. (After the burial, everyone walked back to the old people's home to eat.) 2. wikn̓ ixíʔ t sql̓tmixʷ itíʔ cn̓kxam̓. (I saw that man walking along there.) 3. uł itíʔ łn̓kxəxkxam̓. (And from there they walked.) 4. kn̓ łn̓kxam̓ckʷín̓pla ʔstn̓in̓ kwáp. (I walked home leading my pony.) 5. kʷu n̓kxkxam̓ uł kʷu y̓ʕap k̓l̓ taw̓n. (We walked on the road and got to town.) 6. ha kʷ sn̓kxmíxaʔx ik̓líʔ ? (Are you going to walk over there?)

40. pəx̌ʷm̓stim̓- spread out / distribute example sentences: 1. yʕayʕát ʔi stim̓s ʔi ƛ̓əx̌ƛ̓x̌ap naʔł pəptw̓ínaʔxʷ cʔácqaʔłtm̓tl̓ sxʷulłxʷsəl̓x uł pəx̌ʷm̓stisəl̓x l̓ sic̓m̓l̓ aʔ cc̓íl̓aʔxʷ. (Everything that the old man and old woman had was taken̓ out of their teepee and spread out on a blanket in the shade.) 2. pəx̌ʷpəx̌ʷm̓stim̓ iʔ stm̓tim̓s k̓l̓ sqilxʷ. (We spread his things to the people.) 3. axáʔ iʔ n̓xƛ̓tisxn̓ ikspəx̌ʷm̓stím. (I'm going to spread these seeds around.)

41. c̓íl̓aʔxʷ- shade example sentences: 1. yʕayʕát ʔi stim̓s ʔi ƛ̓əx̌ƛ̓x̌ap naʔł pəptw̓ínaʔxʷ cʔácqaʔłtm̓tl̓ sxʷulłxʷsəl̓x uł pəx̌ʷm̓stisəl̓x l̓ sic̓m̓l̓ aʔ cc̓íl̓aʔxʷ. (Everything that the old man and old woman had was taken̓ out of their teepee and spread out on a blanket in the shade.) 2. ilíʔ t̓wist iʔ sn̓kłc̓aʔsqáx̌aʔ k̓aʔ cc̓íl̓aʔxʷ. (The horses are standing in the shade.) 3. ik̓líʔ mi kʷu pul̓x ilíʔ x̌ast cc̓l̓c̓íl̓aʔxʷ. (We will camp over where there is good shade.)

42. k̓ʷinxcn- a few words / some words / how many words example sentences: 1. iʔ yilmíxʷm̓ckʷni m̓ t naqs uł k̓ʷinxcn̓uł xʷic̓xts swit, ccún̓maʔstm̓ t słəwilm̓t naʔł snəqsilxʷs. (The chief picked up each thing, saying a few words, and gave it to someone, takíng directions from the and her family.)

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2. lut miyáł aksxʷaʔcín̓ t̓iʔ kʷ ǩʷinxcn̓ uł kʷ k̓wap. (Don't talk too much. Just say a few words and shut up.) 3. t̓iʔ k̓ʷik̓ʷnxcn̓ uł way ixíʔ. (Just say a few words and that's enough.)

43. k̓aw̓st- finish something up / make something gone example sentences: 1. łə k̓aw̓sts yʕat stim̓, ʔi slx̌lax̌ts naʔł snəqsilxʷs łk̓ʷul̓łxʷsəl̓x t sic t sxʷulłxʷ uł xʷc̓xʷic̓xts xiʔmíx stim̓ iʔ ksyaʕ̓yáʕ̓ts l̓ ksxʷəlxʷalts. (When everything was gone, friends and family made a new teepee for the old woman, and gave her the things that she would need to live.) 2. yaʔt iʔ st̓ik̓l̓tət k̓w̓k̓aw̓stm̓. (We finished all our lunch.) 3. kʷu łə n̓kəcnikn̓tm̓ uł kʷuʔ k̓aw̓stm̓. (When he caught up to us he gave us shit.)

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05. sx̌ʷusm̓ sʔaʔúm̓s ckpəkʷikst grow close to branch ksəp̓n̓tim̓ / kspan̓t hit with something wy̓stixʷn̓tm finish gathering xʷk̓ʷn̓tim̓ / xʷk̓ʷan̓t clean x̌ʷust to foam ksn̓xʷk̓ʷíw̓sm clean̓ berries c̓əp̓c̓əp̓q̓ikst sticky fingers x̌w̓aw̓ dried n̓hritkʷn̓t / n̓hritkʷm soak ksx̌l̓pínaʔ daylight comes már̓wiʔn̓t to mix cn̓pust / n̓pusn̓t to can csul̓st / sul̓n̓t to freeze k̓łq̓ʷaʔstím̓/ k̓łq̓ʷaʔan̓t / k̓łq̓ʷaʔám squash c̓w̓c̓ʕaw̓t clean/washed k̓ʷul̓mn tool płəłtwilx become thick m̓ay̓xtwíxʷ tell each other stories kicəc have visitor n̓t̓xcin dessert sp̓əp̓c̓níc̓aʔ rag k̓l̓k̓al̓qʷ wrapped stick t̓xn̓tim̓/ t̓xan̓t sweeten t̓aqʷkstm lick fingers cłʕac mashed kʷʕátaʔ quarter n̓łəkcin̓ bowl c̓uk̓ʷ stiff

N̓səl̓xcin̓ 3: An Advanced Course in Colville-Okanagan Salish revised 06/5/17 45

smy̓may̓ iʔ sx̌ʷusm̓íłp l̓ wist kaʔ cplal̓. iʔ tkl̓kl̓xm̓ikstn̓s t̓iʔ tłtił, mat c̓x̌ił t tkəłmilxʷ iʔ st̓ik̓ʷl̓qʷs ła cplal̓. iʔ sp̓y̓qałq tkʷl̓kʷil̓s ła cp̓y̓aq uł c̓x̌ił ckpəkʷikst. łə p̓y̓aq iʔ sx̌ʷusm̓kʷu x̌ƛ̓x̌iƛ̓m̓uł grow close to tixʷn̓tm̓. sx̌ʷusm̓ əcq̓ʷliw̓stsəl̓x iʔ l̓ scaʔáqʷm̓. t̓ít̓iym̓t ł branch akstíxʷm̓ iʔ sx̌ʷusm̓ k̓łxʷipn̓txʷ t sic̓m̓k m̓ tukʷtán̓ iʔ l̓ sk̓łixʷútm̓s iʔ słaqʷ. sic ksəp̓n̓tim̓ iʔ sx̌ʷusm̓íłp t sx̌əx̌c̓iʔ. yʕat iʔ p̓y̓p̓y̓aq hit with something sʕasʕát l̓ sxʷipl̓p. łə wy̓stixʷn̓tm̓iʔ sx̌ʷusm̓uł xʷk̓ʷn̓tim̓. misx̌ást lut łə finish gathering; c̓iw̓n̓tm̓ áłiʔ cm̓ lut ksx̌ʷusts t x̌ast. ł aksn̓xʷk̓ʷíw̓sm̓ clean; to foam; n̓k̓ʷak̓ʷín̓n̓txʷ iʔ packł naʔł sc̓aʔák̓ʷ iʔ t an̓kílx. iʔ sp̓iʔq̓áłq clean̓ berries c̓əp̓c̓ap̓q̓t uł kʷu c̓əp̓c̓əp̓q̓ikst łə xʷk̓ʷn̓tim̓. sticky fingers q̓sápi, cx̌w̓stim̓iʔ sx̌ʷusm̓ ixíʔ uł kskʷum̓cn. ła cx̌ʷustsəl̓x iʔ x̌w̓aw̓ iʔ sx̌ʷusm̓, n̓hritkʷsəl̓x naqs sn̓kʷəkʷʔac uł t ksx̌l̓pínaʔ dried; soak x̌ʷusməl̓x iʔ l̓ yám̓x̌ʷaʔ. már̓wiʔsəl̓x naʔł iʔ qal̓t iʔ síyaʔ uł iʔ daylight comes; to sx̌ʷusm̓uł yus iʔ sʕ̓ac̓əc̓s uł t̓axt. ʕapnáʔ cx̌w̓stisəl̓x, cn̓pustsəl̓x mix km̓ csul̓stəl̓x iʔ sx̌ʷusm̓. nixʷ iʔ k̓ʷiƛ̓t ck̓łq̓ʷaʔstísəl̓x uł n̓pusəs iʔ to can; to freeze st̓xitkʷ. squash ck̓ʷul̓m̓stm, cx̌ʷustm̓ k̓ʷul̓l̓ t sx̌ʷusm̓. c̓w̓c̓ʕaw̓t akłk̓ʷúl̓mn̓ clean/washed mi x̌ast. ła ksq̓ʷuct uł lut ksx̌ʷusəsts. cn̓ʔax̌líkst put x̌ʷusəs sic tool már̓wiʔn̓txʷ t t̓axt itlíʔ n̓ʔax̌líkstmn̓txʷ putpłəłtwilx. ixíʔ ʔiłn̓txʷ. become thick x̌ast t sʔiłn̓ iʔ sx̌ʷusm̓ uł nixʷ x̌ast mrim̓stn̓. q̓sapi iʔ sqilxʷ cx̌ʷusm̓uł sic m̓ay̓xtwíxʷ uł ksx̌l̓x̌lap. x̌ast ʕapnáʔ kʷ łə kicəc tell each other uł p łə m̓ay̓xtwíxʷ uł ʔam̓tíxʷ aslx̌láx̌t t sx̌ʷusm̓. n̓t̓xcin̓ sʔiłn̓. stories; have visitor dessert ła ksx̌ʷusm̓iʔ l̓ q̓sápi n̓k̓ʷul̓mn̓ ła cx̌ʷustsəl̓x nutn̓tísəl̓x iʔ l̓ yámx̌aʔ. n̓ʔax̌líkstm̓səl̓x iʔ t kilxsəl̓x, km̓ t sp̓əp̓c̓níc̓aʔ k̓l̓k̓al̓qʷ iʔ l̓ sx̌əx̌c̓iʔ. síyaʔ km̓ stim̓ t̓axt t sp̓y̓qałq aʔ ck̓ʷul̓m̓sts łə kst̓xn̓tis. łə ksʔíłiʔsəl̓x əkłum̓n̓ km̓ t rag; wrapped stick kilxs n̓lʕáy̓kstm̓uł t̓aqʷkstm̓. sweeten lick fingers ła ksx̌ʷusm̓ʕ apnáʔ t caw̓t 1. tx̌ʷiw̓s yik̓ʷqín̓a ʔ cłʕac iʔ sxʷusm mashed 2. naqs yirk̓ʷqín̓ t t̓axt km̓ put x̌stmin̓txʷ 3. kʷʕátaʔ yirk̓ʷqín̓ tsiw̓łkʷ quarter N̓səl̓xcin̓ 3: An Advanced Course in Colville-Okanagan Salish revised 06/5/17 46

ł aksx̌ʷusm̓ lut ksq̓ʷucts an̓łəkcín̓ naʔł an̓ʔax̌líkstn̓. ixíʔ uł bowl x̌ʷusn̓txʷ mł xʷusəs uł tiłx t̓iʔ c̓uk̓ʷ. n̓t̓ixn̓t iʔ l̓ yirk̓ʷqín̓k m̓ iʔ l̓ stiff łəkcin̓. sn̓súxʷnaʔ sw̓łtiłn̓ 1. k̓aʔkín̓ kaʔ cplal̓ iʔ sx̌ʷusm̓íłp ? 2. c̓kin̓ iʔ st̓ik̓ʷl̓qʷs iʔ sx̌ʷusm̓íłp ? 3. c̓kin̓ iʔ sp̓y̓qałqsʔ i sx̌ʷusm̓íłp ? 4. pn̓kin̓ kaʔ cq̓ʷliw̓stm̓ iʔ sx̌ʷusm̓ ? 5. əxkistm̓ mi kstixʷn̓tm̓ iʔ sx̌ʷusm̓ ? 6. əxkistm̓ iʔ sx̌ʷusm̓ łə wy̓stixʷn̓tm̓ iʔ sx̌ʷusm̓ ? 7. səxkinx uł lut aksc̓iw̓m̓ iʔ sx̌ʷusm̓ ? 8. əxkistm̓ ł aksn̓xʷk̓ʷíw̓sm̓ iʔ sx̌ʷusm̓ ? 9. q̓sápiʔ, c̓kin̓ kskʷum̓cn̓ t sx̌ʷusm̓ ? 10. c̓kin̓ ła cx̌ʷustm̓ iʔ x̌w̓aw̓ sx̌ʷusm̓ ? 11. xkinm̓ mi már̓wiʔn̓tm̓ qal̓t síyaʔ ła cx̌ʷustm̓ iʔ sx̌ʷusm̓ ? 12. ʕapnáʔ əxkistm̓ ʔi sx̌ʷusm̓ ? 13. xknim̓ ła ksq̓ʷuct akłk̓ʷúl̓mn̓ ł aksx̌ʷúsm̓ iʔ sx̌ʷusm̓ ? 14. aksn̓ʔax̌líkstm̓ put ksx̌ʷusəs, ixíʔ uł stim̓ aksc̓kístm̓ mi x̌sʔiłn̓ iʔ sx̌ʷusm̓ ? 15. stim̓ x̌ast aksc̓kístm̓ kʷłə kicəc ? an̓cáw̓t sw̓łtiłn̓ 1. c̓kin̓ ast̓ík̓ʷl̓qʷ ? may̓xít. 2. ha p cx̌ƛ̓x̌iƛ̓m̓ mł p ctixʷm̓ t sp̓y̓qałq anwínaʔł asnəqsílxʷ ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 3. stim̓ ʔi səp̓n̓tixʷ t spiʔsc̓íłt ? ə s xkinx uł səp̓n̓tixʷ ? may̓xít. 4. ha kʷ ksxʷipl̓p t tukʷtán̓ ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 5. stim̓ ʔi xʷk̓ʷn̓tip t skłəʔaʔ anwí naʔł a sn̓k̓ʷłmut ? may̓xít. 6. ha kʷ c̓əp̓c̓əp̓q̓ikst t sn̓kʷəkʷʔac ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 7. ha x̌w̓stixʷ iʔ sʔiłn̓ mł kʷ kʷum̓cn̓ t snəqspin̓tk ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 8. ha cn̓pustxʷ iʔ sk̓ʷan̓łq km̓ sp̓y̓qałq ? ha an̓x̌mín̓k aksn̓púsm̓ ?səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 9. ha ck̓łq̓ʷaʔstíxʷi ʔ sp̓y̓qałq mi kʷ siw̓st iʔ sck̓łq̓ʷaʔ ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 10. ha c̓w̓c̓ʕaw̓t iʔ sn̓ʔáʔcqaʔtn̓ iʔ k̓l̓ an̓cítxʷ ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 11. ha an̓x̌ást iʔ sq̓ʷuct t sʔiłn̓ ? ha an̓x̌ást iʔ c̓art t sʔiłn̓ ? ha an̓x̌ást iʔ t̓axt ? may̓xít. 12. ha p m̓ay̓xtwíxʷ uł ksx̌l̓x̌lap anwí naʔł aslx̌láx̌t ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 13. swit iʔ ʔam̓tíxʷ t skłəʔaʔ ? swit iʔ ʔam̓tsís ? may̓xít. 14. ha qʷay̓ kʷ ła c̓iłn̓ t an̓kl̓kílx, kʷ ct̓aqʷkstm̓? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 15. ha kʷ cłapm̓ t l̓kapí ? ha ct̓xstixʷ an̓lkapí ? t stim̓? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? may̓xít. 16. ha an̓x̌ást iʔ n̓t̓xcin̓ t sʔiłn̓ ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ?

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skłʔiy̓sm̓ t x̌ilm̓s ʔaʔúm̓s A. Point of View Excercise aksck̓ʷúl̓: change the phrase for each new subject, object and time, maintaining the same tense. Follow the model. Translate the new phrase to English.

sx̌ʷusm̓ə cq̓ʷliw̓stsəl̓x iʔ l̓ scaʔáqʷm̓.

EX: iʔ slax̌t / łəx̌ʷłax̌ʷ / sk̓aʔáy̓m̓: łəx̌ʷłax̌ʷ əcq̓ʷliw̓sts iʔ l̓ sk̓aʔáy̓m̓.

1. in̓cá / st̓xałq / łəx̌ʷłəx̌ʷtan: nuyápixcn̓:

2. anwí / síyaʔ / ksíyaʔtn: nuyápixcn̓:

3. in̓cá naʔł Tarás / tqimtqm̓ / kmiktúʔtn̓: nuyápixcn̓:

4. anwí naʔł ałcəcúps / pal̓pl̓qn̓ / scaʔáqʷm̓: nuyápixcn̓:

B. Point of View Excercise aksck̓ʷúl̓: change the phrase for each new subject, maintaining the same tenses. Follow the model. Translate the new phrase to English.

łə wy̓stixʷn̓tm̓i ʔ sx̌ʷusm̓uł xʷk̓ʷn̓tim̓.

EX: anwí naʔł Sapát: łə wy̓stixʷn̓tp iʔ sx̌ʷusm̓uł xʷk̓ʷn̓tip.

1. in̓cá: nuyápixcn̓:

2. anwí: nuyápixcn̓:

3. Q̓y̓al̓qs: nuyápixcn̓:

4. iʔ smam̓ʔím: nuyápixcn̓:

N̓səl̓xcin̓ 3: An Advanced Course in Colville-Okanagan Salish revised 06/5/17 48

C. Point of View Excercise aksck̓ʷúl̓: change the phrase for each new subject, maintaining the same tenses. Follow the model. Translate the new phrase to English.

ł aksn̓xʷk̓ʷiw̓sm̓ n̓k̓ʷak̓ʷín̓n̓txʷ iʔ packł naʔł sc̓aʔák̓ʷ iʔ t an̓kílx.

EX: iʔ sql̓ql̓tmixʷ: ł ksn̓xʷk̓ʷiw̓səl̓x n̓k̓ʷak̓ʷín̓səl̓x iʔ packł naʔł sc̓aʔák̓ʷ iʔ t kilsəl̓x.

1. in̓cá: nuyápixcn̓:

2. ʕAtál̓: nuyápixcn̓:

3. in̓cá naʔł isn̓txʷús: nuyápixcn̓:

4. anwí naʔł asípn̓: nuyápixcn̓:

D. Past/Present 36 Verb Box aksck̓ʷúl̓: Complete the box with correct transitive verb/object forms.

ʔam̓tím̓ /ʔamnám̓- to feed in̓cá anwí cniłc mnim̓łtət mnim̓łəm̓p mnim̓łcəl̓x in̓cá xxx ʔam̓tsín̓ ʔam̓tín̓ xxx ʔam̓łúlmn̓ ʔam̓tínəl̓x anwí kʷuʔ ʔam̓tíxʷ xxx ʔam̓tíxʷ kʷuʔ ʔam̓tíxʷ xxx ʔam̓tíxʷəl̓x cniłc kʷuʔ ʔam̓tís ʔam̓tsís ʔam̓tís kʷuʔ ʔam̓tím̓ ʔam̓łúlm̓s ʔam̓tísəl̓x mnim̓łtət xxx ʔam̓tsít ʔam̓tím̓ xxx ʔam̓łúlm̓t ʔam̓tíməl̓x mnim̓łəm̓p kʷuʔ ʔam̓típ xxx ʔam̓típ kʷuʔ ʔam̓típ xxx ʔam̓típəl̓x cniłcəlx kʷuʔ ʔam̓tsísəl̓x ʔam̓tísəl̓x kʷuʔ ʔam̓tíməl̓x ʔam̓łúlm̓səl̓x ʔam̓tíməl̓x ʔam̓tísəl̓x mnim̓łcəl̓x

N̓səl̓xcin̓ 3: An Advanced Course in Colville-Okanagan Salish revised 06/5/17 49

E. Transitive Verbal Exchanges with Objects aksck̓ʷúl̓: answer the questions with a complete n̓səl̓xcin̓ sentence. Translate the question and your answer to English.

1. ha ʔam̓łúlm̓səl̓x ? (lútiʔ)

2. ha an̓túm̓ ʔam̓tsís ? (kiw̓)

3. ha p lm̓lim̓t uł ʔamłúlm̓t ? (kiw̓)

4. swit iʔ kʷuʔ ʔam̓tím̓ ? (Saláwaʔt)

5. səxkinx uł ʔam̓tíxʷəl̓x ? (ʔal̓ʔílxʷt)

6. ha cmistíxʷ səxkinx uł ʔam̓tsít ? (lut)

ck̓ʷul̓m̓stm̓ iʔ sʔaʔúm̓s 1. ckpəkʷikst- put right on the branch reduplication: example sentences: 1. iʔ sp̓y̓qałq tkʷl̓kʷil̓s łaʔ cp̓y̓aq uł c̓x̌ił ckpəkʷikst. (The berries are orange or red, and grow close to the branches.) 2. iʔ yar̓kn̓ cxʔit ła ckplikst iʔ scaʔák̓ʷs ckpəkʷpəkʷikst. (The coyote berries are the first to sprout leaves and the blossoms look like their right on the branches) 3. n̓pəkʷiksn̓t t pəqpiqsxn. (Pour some silver change in his hand.)

2. səp̓ntim̓/ span̓t- hit something with something example sentences: 1. sic ksəp̓n̓tim̓iʔ sx̌ʷusm̓íłp t sx̌əx̌c̓iʔ. (Then, we use a stick to hit the bush. 2. ła ck̓ʕan̓cu̓t ilíʔ aksw̓xcnítkʷ ułsəp̓səp̓n̓tim̓t qʷilcn̓ aʔ ct̓qitkʷ ta cłəłx̌ʷúmaʔx. (When they want to be blessed he stands on the shore the one that's reached puberty will strike them with a fir bough that was dipped in water.) 3. kʷu łə kspúl̓xaʔx ckʷin̓tm̓ iʔ sx̌ʷil̓mn̓ sp̓apqn̓tn̓ uł səp̓n̓tim̓ iʔ sn̓łəq̓ʷutn. (When we camp we take our devils club stick and hit the bed before we use it.)

3. wy̓stixʷn̓t- finish gathering something

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example sentences: 1. łə wy̓stixʷn̓tm̓iʔ sx̌ʷusm̓ uł xʷk̓ʷn̓tim̓. (After gathering the foam̓berries, we clean̓ them.) 2. ha kʷ wy̓stixʷm̓t sp̓iƛ̓m̓ ? (Did you finish gathering bitterroot?) 3. wy̓stixʷn. way xʷʔit istxʷcn̓cút. (I finished gathering it. I've gathered a lot of food.)

4. xʷk̓ʷn̓tim̓/ xʷk̓ʷan̓t- clean̓ something example sentences: 1. łə wy̓stixʷn̓tm̓ iʔ sx̌ʷusm̓ uł xʷk̓ʷn̓tim̓. (After gathering the foam̓berries, we clean̓ them.) 2. xʷkʷxʷkʷn̓tim̓ iʔ sctixʷtət. (We cleaned all that we gathered.) 3. ha aksxʷk̓ʷám̓ iʔ c̓x̌ʷlúsaʔ ? (Are you going to clean̓ the camas?)

5. x̌ʷust / x̌ʷusn̓t- to foam̓(something) example sentences: 1. misx̌ást lutə ł c̓iw̓n̓tm̓ áłiʔ cm̓lut ksx̌ʷusts t x̌ast. (It is best not to wash them, because they do not foam̓up as well later.) 2. t skskʷl̓kʷal̓ts iʔ sn̓kłc̓aʔsqáx̌aʔ ułx̌ʷsx̌ʷusəs. (The horses were sweating so much their sweat was foaming.) 3. ckʷnix t n̓k̓ək̓ʕáp mi kʷ x̌ʷusm. (Get a bowl and make some foamberries.)

6. n̓xʷk̓ʷiw̓sm- clean̓ berries example sentences: 1. ł aksn̓xʷk̓ʷíw̓sm̓ n̓k̓ʷak̓ʷín̓n̓txʷ iʔ packł naʔł sc̓aʔák̓ʷ iʔ t ankílx. (You clean̓ them by picking the leaves and blossoms out by hand.) 2. way n̓xʷkʷxʷk̓ʷiw̓sn̓ iʔ scq̓ʷliw̓tət. (I cleaned all that we picked.) 3. ha aksn̓xʷk̓ʷíw̓sm̓ iʔ sx̌w̓il̓tn̓. (Are you going to clean̓ the dried berries?)

7. c̓əp̓q̓ikst- stick finger reduplication: c̓əp̓c̓əp̓q̓ikst example sentences: 1. iʔ sp̓iʔq̓áłq c̓əp̓c̓ap̓q̓t uł kʷu c̓əp̓c̓əp̓q̓ikst łə xʷk̓ʷn̓tim̓. (The berries are sticky, so our fingers get sticky while we are cleaning them. 2. lut aksc̓əp̓c̓əp̓q̓ikst mi kʷ cłəkim̓m. (Don't have sticky hands when your going to sew?) 3. ctxət̓stixʷ t̓iʔ stim̓wiks uł way c̓əp̓q̓ikst. (You watch him̓as soon as he sees something, it sticks to his fingers.)

8. x̌w̓aw̓- dried example sentences: 1. ła cx̌ʷustsəl̓x iʔ x̌w̓aw̓ iʔ sx̌ʷusm̓, n̓hritkʷsəl̓x naqs snkʷkʷʔac uł t ksx̌l̓pínaʔ x̌ʷusməlx iʔ l̓ yám̓x̌ʷaʔ. (When they foamed the dried berries, they soaked them over night and the next morning foamed them in a basket.) 2. xʷast iʔ x̌w̓x̌aw̓t t sp̓y̓qałq k̓ anwí. (Dried fruit is good for you.) 3. ha x̌w̓aw̓ asn̓q̓ʷʔitkʷ ? (Is your laundry dry?) N̓səl̓xcin̓ 3: An Advanced Course in Colville-Okanagan Salish revised 06/5/17 51

9. n̓hritkʷn̓t- soak something in water example sentences: 1. ła cx̌ʷustsəl̓x iʔ x̌w̓aw̓ iʔ sx̌ʷusm̓, n̓hritkʷsəl̓x naqs snkʷkʷʔac uł t ksx̌l̓pínaʔ x̌ʷusməlx iʔ l̓ yám̓x̌ʷaʔ. (When they foamed the dried berries, they soaked them over night and the next morning foamed them in a basket.) 2. n̓qmnitkʷn̓t asəp̓síp̓iʔ ułn̓hr̓hritkʷn̓t. (Put your hides in the water to soak.) 3. n̓písuʔsn̓t mi hrap. (Water it so it will soak.)

10. x̌l̓pínaʔ- daybreak / daylight comes on somebody example sentences: 1. ła cx̌ʷustsəl̓x iʔ x̌w̓aw̓ iʔ sx̌ʷusm̓, n̓hritkʷsəl̓x naqs snkʷkʷʔac uł t ksx̌l̓pínaʔ x̌ʷusməlx iʔ l̓ yám̓x̌ʷaʔ. (When they foamed the dried berries, they soaked them over night and the next morning foamed them in a basket.) 2. kʷu kʷliw̓t uł xƛ̓púlaʔxʷ. (We sat there until it got daylight.) 3. t̓iʔ xƛ̓púlaʔxʷ uł way kn̓ xʷt̓ilx. (It's breaking daylight and I'm up.)

11. már̓wiʔn̓t- mix something example sentences: 1. már̓wiʔsəl̓x naʔł iʔ qalt iʔ síyaʔ uł iʔ sx̌ʷusm̓uł yus iʔ sʕ̓ac̓əc̓s uł t̓axt. (They mixed them with fresh saskatoons and the foam̓berries turned purple and sweet.) 2. iʔ sp̓iƛ̓m̓cmár̓wiʔ t lparín̓ uł cn̓p̓q̓ʷitkʷ. (The saskatoons are mixed with flour to make a sauce.) 3. in̓kəkwápaʔ cmar̓wíʔ iʔ młk̓íyaʔs k̓l̓ yʕat c̓kn̓kin. (My dog's blood is mixed with all kinds.)

12. cn̓pust / n̓pusn̓t- can or jar something example sentences: 1. ʕapnáʔ cx̌w̓stisəl̓x, cn̓pustsəl̓x km̓csul̓stəl̓x iʔ sx̌ʷusm̓. (Now, they dry, can, or freeze foam̓berries.) 2. yʕat k̓sk̓stw̓il̓lx iscn̓pús. (All my canning spoiled.) 3. ha cn̓pustxʷ iʔ słiqʷ ? (Do you can meat?)

13. csul̓st / sul̓n̓t- freeze something example sentences: 1. ʕapnáʔ cx̌w̓stisəl̓x, cn̓pustsəl̓x km̓csul̓stəl̓x iʔ sx̌ʷusm̓. (Now, they dry, can, or freeze foam̓berries.) 2. kn̓ ksn̓sulmn̓ uł yaʕt stim̓ csul̓stn̓. (I have a freezer and I freeze everything.) 3. ʔistkm̓ła cc̓ałt cn̓sul̓t iʔ cəcw̓íxaʔ. (In the winter when it gets cold the creek freezes over)

14. k̓łq̓ʷaʔstím̓/ k̓łq̓ʷaʔán̓t- squash something example sentences: 1. nixʷ iʔ k̓ʷiƛ̓t ck̓łq̓ʷaʔstísəl̓x uł npusəs iʔ st̓xitkʷ. (Also, others squash them and can the juice.) 2. kłq̓ʷaʔn̓t iʔ apl̓s mi kʷu saʔst̓xítkʷ. (Squeeze the apples so we can drink the juice.) 3. iʔ sc̓m̓qin̓ ck̓łq̓ʷaʔstín̓ mi sic n̓t̓qʷitkʷn̓ isíp̓iʔ. (I squeeze the brain̓ before I immerse my hide in it.)

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15. c̓ʕaw̓t- clean̓ / washed reduplication: c̓w̓c̓ʕaw̓t example sentences: 1. c̓w̓c̓aʕw̓t akłk̓ʷúl̓mn̓ mi x̌ast. (Your utensils have to be clean.) 2. iʔ sip̓íʔ c̓w̓c̓ʕaw̓t iʔ x̌mínks. (The hide likes to be kept clean.) 3. kʷ xʷk̓ʷiłxʷm̓uł t̓iʔ c̓ʕaw an̓cítxʷ. (You clean̓ your house so it's clean.)

16. k̓ʷul̓mn- tools / utensils example sentences: 1. c̓w̓c̓ʕaw̓t akłk̓ʷúl̓mn̓ mi x̌ast. (Your utensils have to be clean.) 2. ckʷ̣m̓kʷum̓stxʷ an̓k̓ʷl̓k̓ʷúl̓mn. (You put your tools away.) 3. x̌ast kʷ ła kłk̓ʷul̓mn. (It's good to have tools.)

17. płəłtwilx- become thick example sentences: 1. cn̓ʔax̌líkst put x̌ʷusəs sic márwiʔn̓txʷ t t̓axt itlíʔ n̓ʔax̌líkstmtxʷ putpł əłtwilx. (Stir the berries until they foam, then you add some sugar, and stir them some more until it is thick.) 2. iʔ tkəłmilxʷ płpłałt iʔ stq̓əc̓q̓əc̓pínaʔs. (That woman has thick braids.) 3. isn̓c̓aʔc̓íx̌laʔxʷpłpłałt . (My fry bread are thick.)

18. m̓ay̓xtwíxʷ- tell each other stories/news example sentences: 1. q̓sapi ʔi sqilxʷ cx̌ʷusm̓uł sic m̓ay̓xtwíxʷ uł ksx̌l̓x̌lap. (A long time ago, the people prepared foam̓ berries, and ate it while they told stories all night long.) 2. kʷu ła cm̓l̓mil̓t uł kʷu hʕaht uł kʷu m̓ay̓xtwíxʷ. (When we visit we laugh and tell each other stories.) 3. x̌ast ła cm̓ay̓xtw̓íxʷ iʔ ƛ̓x̌əx̌ƛ̓x̌ap. (The elders tell good stories.)

19. kicəc- have a guest reduplication: kəckicəc example sentences: 1. x̌astʕ apnáʔ kʷ łə kicəc uł p łə m̓ay̓xtwíxʷ uł ʔam̓tíxʷ aslx̌lax̌t t sx̌ʷusm̓. (It is still a good to make foam̓ berries for your friends when they visit and you are storytelling.) 2. kʷu kəckicəc t kʷúkʷaʔ sqilxʷ. (We had visitors from strange people.) 3. way kʷu kicəc t sámaʔ. mat swit ? nt̓a xʷúm̓t̓iʔ iʔ sqlxʷły̓lmixʷm̓. (We have a visitor. I wonder who it is? My goodness it's the Indian agent!)

20. n̓t̓xcin- sweet to eat reduplication: n̓t̓xt̓xcin example sentences: 1. n̓t̓xcin̓ sʔiłn̓. (It is a dessert.) 2. kn̓ n̓pusm̓ t st̓xałq. ʔistkm̓ itlíʔ kʷu cn̓t̓xt̓xcinm̓. (I canned some hucklberriess. In the winter we N̓səl̓xcin̓ 3: An Advanced Course in Colville-Okanagan Salish revised 06/5/17 53

can have it for dessert.) 3. kn̓ kʷnim̓ t cukʷrít laʔkín̓ kn̓ cn̓t̓úkʷcʕanm̓. (I bought some chocolates, once in a while I would enjoy in my mouth.)

21. sp̓əp̓c̓níc̓aʔ- rag example sentences: 1. km̓ t sp̓əp̓c̓níc̓aʔ k̓l̓k̓al̓qʷ iʔ l̓ sx̌əx̌c̓iʔ. (Or with a rag wrapped around a stick.) 2. cn̓t̓qʷułtn̓ iʔ stətm̓tim̓s tl̓ xiʔmíx sp̓əc̓p̓c̓níc̓aʔ. (I patch up his clothes with whatever pieces of cloth.) 3. axáʔ iʔ sp̓əp̓c̓níc̓aʔ isxʷíc̓əc̓x. (This is the cloth I was given.)

22. k̓l̓k̓al̓qʷ- wrapped around a stick example sentences: 1. km̓ t sp̓əp̓c̓níc̓aʔ k̓l̓k̓al̓qʷ iʔ l̓ sx̌əx̌c̓iʔ. (Or with a rag wrapped around a stick.) 2. kl̓k̓al̓q̓ʷn̓t an̓k̓łyircín̓ mi my̓máy̓t k̓aʔkín̓ mi n̓siq̓m. (Tie your scarf there so it will be plain to see the turn̓ off.) 3. kl̓k̓al̓qʷn̓t aspál̓q mi lut k̓aʔkín̓ aksmaʔm̓scút. (Tie a string around your penis so you won't go messing around.)

23. t̓xn̓tim̓/ t̓xan̓t- to sweeten̓ something example sentences: 1. síyaʔ km̓sti m̓t̓axt t sp̓y̓qałq aʔ ck̓ʷul̓m̓sts łə kst̓xn̓tis. (Saskatoons or other sweet berries were used to sweeten̓ it.) 2. iʔ sx̌ʷusm̓x̌sʔił n̓ łə t̓xn̓tim̓. (The soapberries taste good when we sweeten̓ it.) 3. in̓x̌ást in̓l̓tí ła cn̓t̓xitkʷ. (I like my tea sweetened.)

24. t̓aqʷkstm- lick fingers example sentences: 1. łə ksʔíłiʔsəl̓x əkłum̓n̓ km̓ t kilxs n̓laʕ̓áy̓kstm̓uł t̓aqʷkstm̓. (To eat, each one had their own̓ spoon or their hand to dip and eat it.) 2. ła cwy̓cin̓ iʔ pus ilíʔ mut uł t̓qʷt̓aqʷkstm̓. (When the cat is done eating it will sit theree and lick its paws) 3. łə ʔiłn̓ t n̓t̓xt̓xúlaʔxʷ, c̓əp̓c̓əp̓q̓ikst ułst̓aqʷkstm̓s. (When he eats cakes, his hands get sticky and he licks them.)

25. cłʕac- mashed example sentences: 1. way tx̌ʷiw̓s yik̓ʷqín̓ aʔ cłaʕc iʔ sxʷusm. (Half cup of crushed foam̓berries.) 2. ła ck̓ʷul̓məl̓x t n̓sl̓sl̓pustn, cłʕacstəl̓x iʔ krips. (When they make wine they crush the grapes.) 3. kʷu łə caʔapúsqs isplím̓cn̓ t̓iʔ łʕac. (When he hit me in the mouth it went splat.)

26. kʷʕátaʔ- quarter

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reduplication: kʷtkʷʕátaʔ example sentences: 1. kʷʕátaʔ yirk̓ʷqín̓ t siw̓łkʷ. (One quarter cup water.) 2. ixíʔ t̓iʔ kʷtkʷʕátaʔ t sqilxʷ. (They are only a quarter Indian.) 3. kn̓ k̓łtwin. ha kʷ kłkʷʕataʔ ? (I'm short. Do you have a quarter ?)

27. łəkcin̓- bowl reduplication: łəkłəkcin̓ example sentences: 1. ła ksx̌ʷusm̓lut ksq̓ʷucts an̓łəkcín̓ naʔł an̓ʔax̌líkstn̓. (To foam̓it up you can not have grease on your bowl or beaters.) 2. ksl̓xit t kłəkłəkcin̓səl̓x. (Set them some bowls.) 3. iʔ síl̓xʷaʔ łəkcin̓ mi k̓ʷul̓mn̓txʷ. (Use that big bowl.)

28. c̓uk̓ʷ- stiff reduplication: c̓k̓ʷc̓uk̓ʷ example sentences: 1. ixíʔ uł x̌ʷusn̓txʷ mł xʷusəs uł tiłx t̓iʔ c̓uk̓ʷ. (Then you whip it until it is foamy and stands in stiff peaks.) 2. iʔ sql̓tmixʷ ʔakswíx t̓iʔc̓uk̓ʷ . (The man was standing just stiff.) 3. iscxʷíkʷ c̓k̓ʷc̓uk̓ʷlxʷ. (What I tanned were stiff.)

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06. síyaʔ sʔaʔúm̓s siʔíłəml̓x sarvice berry bush pil̓laʔxʷ flat lands əcx̌ətx̌it jagged / corrugated cl̓kstax̌n five pedals tkp̓sƛ̓ʔus big berries tx̌sx̌sus good berries n̓wpsaqstn stem n̓cur̓kʷ thick liquid smy̓may̓ iʔ siʔíłəml̓x yʕat l̓ syilx tm̓xʷúlaʔxʷ cplal̓. áłiʔ y̓lmixʷm̓ tl̓ sarvice berry bush yʕat iʔ sp̓y̓qałq. l̓ pil̓laʔxʷ km̓ l̓ k̓łx̌sin̓k əcplal̓. lut iʔ síyaʔ x̌ast flat lands ła cplal̓ l̓ łʕát̓laʔxʷ. xʷuʔúsm̓iʔ síyaʔ. iʔ k̓ʷiƛ̓t t̓ik̓ʷl̓qʷ ułiʔ k̓ʷiƛ̓t t̓ət̓q̓iłəml̓x. iʔ packłs iʔ siʔíłəml̓x t̓iʔ qʷin̓uł yiryír̓ əcx̌ətx̌it. k̓aʔáym̓ iʔ jagged/corrugated packłs kʷaʔkʷaʔáł km̓kʷr̓kʷr̓i. xc̓xc̓al̓qʷ uł tłtił iʔ siʔíłəml̓x, x̌ast k̓l̓ ckʷin̓k naʔł c̓q̓iln̓. iʔ k̓ʷiƛ̓t iʔ sqilxʷ k̓ʷul̓m̓səl̓x iʔ siʔíłəml̓x k̓l̓ kʷil̓stn̓s. iʔ siʔíłəml̓x cxʔit aʔ c̓aʔák̓ʷm̓ łə qipcm̓. t̓iʔ pəqpiq iʔ sc̓aʔák̓ʷs. iʔ sc̓aʔák̓ʷscl̓kstax̌n . caʔáqʷm̓ kaʔ cp̓y̓p̓y̓aq iʔ síyaʔ. five pedals tq̓ʷy̓q̓ʷʕay̓s ła cp̓y̓aq. iʔ k̓ʷiƛ̓t iʔ síyaʔ xʷʔit iʔ n̓xƛ̓tisxn̓ uł lut taʔlí sx̌asts. iʔ k̓ʷiƛ̓t iʔ síyaʔ tkp̓sƛ̓ʔus uł tx̌sx̌sus, lut taʔlí big berries kłn̓xƛ̓tisxn̓. ixíʔ misx̌ást t síyaʔ akscq̓ʷl̓íw̓m. good berries ixíʔ l̓ yám̓x̌ʷaʔ kaʔ cq̓ʷliw̓stm̓. ła cxʷk̓ʷstisəl̓x əcc̓iw̓stsəl̓x. iʔ packł naʔł n̓wpsaqstns kłsuk̓ʷt iʔ l̓ siw̓łkʷ uł t̓ít̓iym̓t łə stem ksxʷuk̓ʷám̓ iʔ tl̓ tqil̓tk. q̓sápi iʔ sqilxʷ cx̌w̓il̓tnm̓ ła cq̓ʷliw̓m̓. ʕapnáʔ cx̌w̓stim̓, csul̓stm̓k m̓ n̓pusn̓tm̓. c̓iłstm̓ qal̓t km̓ cmár̓wiʔstm̓ t sp̓iƛ̓m̓naʔł ʔik̓ʷn̓. ixíʔ uł k̓ʷul̓n̓tm̓ t n̓t̓xʷúlaʔxʷ.

sn̓p̓q̓ʷitkʷ t síyaʔ -naqs yirk̓ʷqín̓ tsíyaʔ -naqs yirk̓ʷqín̓ tsiw̓łkʷ

N̓səl̓xcin̓ 3: An Advanced Course in Colville-Okanagan Salish revised 06/5/17 56

-ʔasíl̓ síl̓xʷaʔ łum̓n̓ t lparín̓ már̓wiʔn̓txʷ t k̓ʷək̓ʷínaʔt t siw̓łkʷ. uł már̓wiʔn̓txʷ t sp̓y̓qałq kʷ k̓ʷul̓m̓ t sn̓p̓q̓ʷitkʷ. k̓ʷƛ̓pus uł n̓ʔax̌líkstmn̓txʷ. p̓y̓qn̓tixʷ put iʔ ksn̓cur̓kʷs. thick sn̓súxʷnaʔ sw̓łtiłn̓ 1. səxkinx uł iʔ siʔíłəml̓x y̓lmixʷm̓ tl̓ yʕat iʔ sp̓y̓qałq ? 2. k̓aʔkín̓ kaʔ cplal̓ iʔ siʔíłəml̓x ? 3. c̓kin̓ aʔ cłaq iʔ siʔíłəml̓x ? 4. c̓kin̓ iʔ siʔíłəml̓x ʔi packłs ? 5. səxkinx uł x̌ast k̓l̓ ckʷin̓k naʔł c̓q̓iln̓ iʔ siʔíłəml̓x ? 6. c̓kin̓ iʔ sc̓aʔák̓ʷs iʔ siʔíłəml̓x ? 7. pn̓kin̓ kaʔ cp̓y̓p̓y̓aqʔ i síyaʔ ? 8. c̓kin̓ iʔ sp̓y̓qałqsʔ i siʔíłəml̓x ła cp̓y̓aq ? 9. stim̓ ʔi misx̌ást t síyaʔ akscq̓ʷlíw̓m̓ ? 10. c̓kin̓ əcc̓iw̓stm̓ iʔ síyaʔ ? 11. stim̓ ʔi kłsuk̓ʷt iʔ l̓ siw̓łkʷ ? 12. q̓sápiʔ, əxkistm̓ ʔi síyaʔ ła cq̓ʷliw̓m̓ ? 13. ʕapnáʔ, əxkistm̓ ʔi síyaʔ ła cq̓ʷliw̓m̓ ? 14. stim̓ aksmár̓wiʔstm̓ l̓ sn̓p̓q̓ʷitkʷ t síyaʔ ? 15. c̓kin̓ iʔ sn̓p̓q̓ʷitkʷ t síyaʔ łə p̓y̓aq ? an̓cáw̓t sw̓łtiłn̓ 1. ha iʔ siʔíłəml̓x k̓ik̓aʔt k̓l̓ an̓cítxʷ kaʔ cplal̓ ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 2. ha kʷ y̓lmixʷm̓ tl̓ yʕat aslx̌láx̌t ? may̓xít. 3. ha pil̓laʔxʷ l̓ asn̓ilíʔtn̓ ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 4. ha kʷ kłx̌ətx̌it t q̓y̓min̓ k̓l̓ an̓cítxʷ ? ha ck̓ʷul̓m̓stxʷ iʔ x̌ətx̌it q̓y̓min̓ k̓l̓ stim̓ ? may̓xít. 5. ha kʷ kłckʷin̓k naʔł c̓q̓iln̓ ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 6. ha kʷ kłkʷil̓stn̓ k̓l̓ an̓cítxʷ ?səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 7. łə qipcm̓, stim̓ aʔ cc̓aʔák̓ʷm̓ k̓ik̓aʔt k̓l̓ an̓cítxʷ ? may̓xít. 8. stim̓i ʔ sp̓y̓qałq uł sl̓xʷʔus iʔ n̓xƛ̓tisxn̓s ? may̓xít. 9. stim̓an̓misx̌ást t sp̓y̓qałq, iʔ tkp̓sƛ̓ʔus uł tx̌sx̌sus km̓i ʔ kcəcmus uł tk̓sk̓sus ? may̓xít. 10. kʷ ła cman̓xʷm, ha an̓misx̌ást aksmánxʷmnm̓ iʔ n̓wpsaqstns naʔł sc̓ʕal̓qn̓ km̓aksmánxʷmn m̓ iʔ packł naʔł sc̓aʔák̓ʷ ? may̓xít. 11. ha kʷ cx̌w̓il̓tnm̓ kʷ ła cq̓ʷliw̓m̓ ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 12. kʷ ła cq̓ʷliw̓m̓t st̓xałq, ha cx̌w̓stixʷ, csul̓stxʷ km̓n̓pusn̓txʷ ascq̓ʷlíw ? 13. ha an̓x̌ást iʔ ʔik̓ʷn̓ t sʔiłn̓ ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 14. kʷ ła cq̓ʷliw̓m̓t st̓xałq km̓síya ʔ, ha c̓iłstxʷ qal̓t km̓ k̓ʷul̓n̓txʷ t sn̓p̓q̓ʷitkʷ t sp̓y̓qałq ? may̓xít. 15. kʷ ła cłapm̓t l̓kapí km̓ t l̓ti, ha cmár̓wiʔstxʷ ? t stim̓ ? səxkinx ? may̓xít. skłʔiy̓sm̓ t x̌ilm̓s ʔaʔúm̓s N̓səl̓xcin̓ 3: An Advanced Course in Colville-Okanagan Salish revised 06/5/17 57

A. Point of View Excercise aksck̓ʷúl̓: change the phrase for each new subject, maintaining the same tense. Follow the model. Translate the new phrase to English.

iʔ k̓ʷiƛ̓tʔ i sqilxʷ k̓ʷul̓m̓səl̓x iʔ siʔíłəml̓x k̓l̓ kʷil̓stn̓s.

EX: in̓cá: k̓ʷul̓m̓n̓ iʔ siʔíłəml̓x k̓l̓ in̓kʷil̓stn̓.

1. anwí: nuyápixcn̓:

2. Sl̓tis: nuyápixcn̓:

3. in̓cá naʔł Prasát: nuyápixcn̓:

4. anwí naʔł asn̓ʔímaʔt: nuyápixcn̓:

B. Point of View Excercise aksck̓ʷúl̓: change the phrase for each new subject, maintaining the same tense. Follow the model. Translate the new phrase to English.

ixíʔ mis x̌ast t síyaʔ akscq̓ʷl̓íw̓m.

EX: Susán̓ naʔł Sapát: ixíʔ mis x̌ast t síyaʔ kscq̓ʷl̓íw̓m̓səl̓x.

1. in̓cá: nuyápixcn̓:

2. Ml̓ml̓tiłpal̓qs: nuyápixcn̓:

3. anwí naʔł in̓cá: nuyápixcn̓:

4. anwí naʔł Misál: nuyápixcn̓:

N̓səl̓xcin̓ 3: An Advanced Course in Colville-Okanagan Salish revised 06/5/17 58

C. Point of View Excercise aksck̓ʷúl̓: change the phrase for each new subject, maintaining the same tenses. Follow the model. Translate the new phrase to English.

ła cxʷk̓ʷstisəl̓x əcc̓iw̓stsəl̓x.

EX: anwí naʔł iʔ st̓aʔt̓aʔk̓míx: ła cxʷk̓ʷstip əcc̓iw̓stp.

1. in̓cá: nuyápixcn̓:

2. anwí: nuyápixcn̓:

3. Q̓ʷəq̓ʷ: nuyápixcn̓:

4. in̓cá naʔł in̓nax̌ʷnx̌ʷ: nuyápixcn̓:

D. Past/Present 36 Verb Box aksck̓ʷúl̓: Complete the box with correct transitive verb/object forms tixʷłt- to gather for someone in̓cá anwí cniłc mnim̓łtət mnim̓łəm̓p mnim̓łcəl̓x in̓cá xxx tixʷłtsn̓ / tixʷłtn̓ xxx tixʷłəmn̓ tixʷłtnəl̓x tixʷłtm̓n̓ anwí kʷuʔ tixʷłtxʷ xxx tixʷłtxʷ kʷuʔ tixʷłtxʷ xxx tixʷłtxʷəl̓x cniłc kʷuʔ tixʷłts tixʷłts / tixʷłts kʷuʔ tixʷłtm̓ tixʷłəm̓s tixʷłtsəl̓x tixʷłtm̓s mnim̓łtət xxx tixʷłtst / tixʷłtm̓ xxx tixʷłəm̓t tixʷłtm̓əl̓x tixʷłtm̓t mnim̓łəm̓p kʷuʔ tixʷłtp xxx tixʷłtp kʷuʔ tixʷłtp xxx tixʷłtpəl̓x cniłcəlx kʷuʔ tixʷłtsəl̓x / tixʷłtsəl̓x kʷuʔ tixʷłtm̓əl̓x tixʷłəm̓səl̓x tixʷłtm̓əl̓x tixʷłtsəl̓x tixʷłtm̓səl̓x mnim̓łcəl̓x

E. Transitive Verbal Exchanges with Objects aksck̓ʷúl̓: answer the questions with a complete n̓səl̓xcin̓ sentence. Translate the question and your answer to English.

1. stim̓ ʔi kʷuʔ tixʷłtxʷ ? (síyaʔ)

N̓səl̓xcin̓ 3: An Advanced Course in Colville-Okanagan Salish revised 06/5/17 59

2. stim̓ ʔi kʷuʔ tixʷłtp ? (pal̓pl̓qn̓)

3. ha cmistíxʷ stim̓ʔ i tixʷłtsn̓ ? (lut)

4. ha cmistíp stim̓ʔ i tixʷłəm̓t (kiw̓)

5. səxkinx uł tixʷłəm̓s iʔ sp̓y̓qałq Sk̓nxʷal̓qs ? (ʔalʔílxʷt)

6. ha kʷ n̓stil̓s tixʷłtm̓səl̓x iʔ k̓ámaʔ ? (kiw̓)

ck̓ʷul̓m̓stm̓ iʔ sʔaʔúm̓s 1. siʔíłəml̓x- sarvice berry bush example sentences: 1. iʔ siʔiłməl̓x yʕat l̓ syilx tm̓xʷúlaʔxʷ cplal̓. (Sarvice berry/saskatoon bushes grow all over the Syilx lands.)

2. pil̓laʔxʷ- flat lands example sentences: 1. l̓ pil̓laʔxʷ km̓l̓ k̓łx̌sin̓k əcplal̓. (It grows on the flat lands and hillsides.)

3. łʕát̓laʔxʷ- wetlands example sentences: 1. lut iʔ síyaʔ x̌ast ła cplal̓ l̓ łʕát̓laʔxʷ. (The Saskatoon does not grow where the ground is wet.)

4. x̌ətx̌it- jagged / corrugated example sentences: 1. iʔ packłs iʔ siʔíłəml̓x t̓iʔ qʷin̓ uł yiryír̓ əcx̌ətx̌it. (The leaves of the Saskatoon bush are green̓ and round, with jagged edges.)

5. cl̓kstax̌n- five pedals example sentences: 1. iʔ sc̓aʔák̓ʷs cl̓kstax̌n. (Its flowers have five pedals.)

6. tkp̓sƛ̓ʔus- big berries example sentences: 1. iʔ k̓ʷiƛ̓t iʔ síyaʔ tkp̓sƛ̓ʔus uł tx̌sx̌sus, lut taʔlí kłn̓xƛ̓tisxn. (Other kinds of Saskatoon have big, juicy berries without so many seeds.)

N̓səl̓xcin̓ 3: An Advanced Course in Colville-Okanagan Salish revised 06/5/17 60

7. tx̌sx̌sus- good berries example sentences: 1. iʔ k̓ʷiƛ̓t iʔ síyaʔ tkp̓sƛ̓ʔus uł tx̌sx̌sus, lut taʔlí kłn̓xƛ̓tisxn. (Other kinds of Saskatoon have big, juicy berries without so many seeds.)

8. n̓wpsaqstn- stem example sentences: 1. iʔ packł naʔł n̓wpsaqstn̓ kłsuk̓ʷt iʔ l̓ siw̓łkʷ uł t̓y̓t̓íym̓t łə ksxʷuk̓ʷám̓ iʔ tl̓ tqil̓tk. (The leaves and stems float on the water and are easily picked off the top.)

9. n̓cur̓kʷ- thickened liquid example sentences: 1. p̓y̓qn̓tixʷ put iʔ ksn̓cur̓kʷs. (Cook it until its thick enough.)

N̓səl̓xcin̓ 3: An Advanced Course in Colville-Okanagan Salish revised 06/5/17 61

07. sxʷaʔxʷaʔn̓kíłp sʔaʔúm̓s sxʷaʔxʷaʔn̓kíłp hawthorne bush ckp̓xʷp̓ixʷkst shiny leaves ckx̌ətx̌itkst jagged leaves naqsqn one head tq̓ʷy̓q̓ʷʕay̓s black berries n̓sq̓iw̓sn̓t split xc̓al̓qʷ hard wood siq̓mn splitting tool ƛ̓qʷƛ̓qʷumn thorns sxʷul̓qn harpoon wick fishing spear smy̓may̓ iʔ sxʷaʔxʷaʔn̓kíłp cplal̓ yʕat taʔkín̓ l̓ syilx tm̓xʷúlaʔxʷ. iʔ hawthorne bush sxʷaʔxʷaʔn̓kíłp ckp̓xʷp̓ixʷkst uł ckx̌ətx̌itkst. iʔ tkl̓kl̓kxm̓ikstn̓sʔ i shiny leaves; sxʷaʔxʷaʔn̓kíłpʕ p a km̓ p̓um̓uł łəw̓ław̓t. ła claʔkín̓ iʔ jagged leaves sxʷaʔxʷaʔn̓kíłp cplal̓ laʔkín̓ iʔ síyaʔ kaʔ cplal̓. qipcm̓ kaʔ c̓aʔák̓ʷm̓ iʔ sxʷaʔxʷaʔn̓kíłp. iʔ sc̓aʔák̓ʷs pəqpiq uł iʔ naqsqn̓ one head kcil̓kst iʔ sc̓aʔák̓ʷs. iʔ sxʷaʔxʷaʔn̓kíłp cp̓y̓p̓y̓aq l̓ n̓qaʔt̓kʷís. ła cp̓y̓aq, iʔ black berries sp̓y̓qałq tq̓ʷy̓q̓ʷʕay̓s. łə n̓sq̓iw̓sn̓txʷ, iʔ nixʷútm̓s kʷriʔ uł kaʔłís split km̓ mus p̓ísƛ̓aʔt iʔ n̓xƛ̓tisxn̓s. aksʔíłnm̓ iʔ sp̓y̓qałqs, nax̌m̓ł lut x̌sʔiłn̓. q̓sápiʔ, iʔ sqilxʷ ck̓ʷul̓m̓stsʔ i sp̓y̓qałq t mrim̓stn̓. iʔ sx̌əx̌c̓iʔs taʔlí xc̓al̓qʷ. ixíʔ t sxc̓al̓qʷs, ck̓ʷul̓m̓stm̓i ʔ hard wood sxʷaʔxʷaʔn̓kíłp t kłpícaʔtət. q̓sápiʔ, iʔ sqilxʷ ck̓ʷul̓m̓stsʔ i sxʷaʔxʷaʔn̓kíłp ksiq̓mns. csiq̓stsəl̓x ʔi mxiłp; ixíʔ kəkip t sx̌əx̌c̓iʔ. splitting tool nixʷ ck̓ʷul̓m̓stsəl̓x iʔ sxʷaʔxʷaʔn̓kíłp naʔł ƛ̓qʷƛ̓qʷumn̓s t thorns ksxʷul̓qn̓s uł t kłwicks k̓l̓ słəłt̓am̓ t n̓ty̓tyix ʔna ł xʷmínaʔ. harpoon; fishing spear

N̓səl̓xcin̓ 3: An Advanced Course in Colville-Okanagan Salish revised 06/5/17 62

sn̓súxʷnaʔ sw̓łtiłn̓ 1. k̓aʔkín̓ kaʔ cplal̓ iʔ sxʷaʔxʷaʔn̓kíłp ? 2. c̓kin̓ iʔ packłs iʔ sxʷaʔxʷaʔn̓kíłp ? 3. c̓kin̓ iʔ tkl̓kl̓kxm̓ikstn̓s iʔ sxʷaʔxʷaʔn̓kíłp ? 4. pn̓kin̓ kaʔ cc̓aʔák̓ʷm̓ iʔ sxʷaʔxʷaʔn̓kíłp ? 5. c̓kin̓ iʔ sc̓aʔák̓ʷs iʔ sxʷaʔxʷaʔn̓kíłp ? 6. pn̓kin̓ cp̓y̓py̓aq iʔ sxʷaʔxʷaʔn̓kíłp iʔ sp̓iʔqałqs ? 7. c̓kin̓ iʔ sp̓y̓qałqsʔ i sxʷaʔxʷaʔn̓kíłp ła cp̓y̓aq ? 8. c̓kin̓ iʔ nixʷútm̓s iʔ sxʷaʔxʷaʔn̓kíłp iʔ sp̓iʔqałqs ? 9. q̓sápiʔ, əxkistm̓ ʔi sxʷaʔxʷaʔn̓kíłp iʔ sp̓iʔqałqs t sqilxʷ ? 10. c̓kin̓ iʔ sx̌əxc̓iʔs iʔ sxʷaʔxʷaʔn̓kíłp ? 11. səxkinx uł əck̓ʷul̓m̓stm̓ iʔ sxʷaʔxʷaʔn̓kíłp t kłpícaʔ ? 12. stim̓ ʔi csiq̓stm̓ʔ i mxiłp ? 13. stim̓ ʔi ck̓ʷul̓m̓stm̓ t sxʷaʔxʷaʔn̓kíłp k̓l̓ słəłt̓am̓ ? an̓cáw̓t sw̓łtiłn̓ 1. ha iʔ sxʷaʔxʷaʔn̓kíłp k̓ik̓aʔt k̓l̓ an̓cítxʷ kaʔ cplal̓ ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 2. stim̓a ʔ cplal̓ t̓iʔ łəw̓ław̓t iʔ tkl̓kl̓kxm̓ikstn̓s c̓x̌ił t sxʷaʔxʷaʔn̓kíłp ? may̓xít. 3. ha pʕa km̓ p̓um̓ an̓cítxʷ ? may̓xít. 4. ha kʷ kłpəqpiq iʔ sc̓aʔc̓aʔák̓ʷ l̓ skłəʔa̓m̓s an̓cítxʷ ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 5. stim̓a ʔ c̓kistxʷ yʕat n̓qaʔt̓kʷís ?s əxkinx ? may̓xít. 6. stim̓i ʔ n̓sq̓iw̓sn̓txʷ tnəqspin̓tk ? səxkinx uł n̓sq̓iw̓sn̓txʷ ? may̓xít. 7. ha c̓iłstp anwí naʔł asnəqsílxʷ iʔ sxʷaʔxʷaʔn̓kíłp iʔ sp̓y̓qałqs ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 8. ha iʔ sp̓y̓qałq cq̓m̓stixʷ t akłmrím̓stn̓ ? may̓xít. 9. ha asnəqsílxʷ naʔł anwí ck̓ʷul̓m̓stp iʔ sxʷaʔxʷaʔn̓kíłp t kłpícaʔm̓p ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 10. kʷ ła csiq̓m̓t slip̓, t stim̓ aksíq̓m̓? ha ck̓ʷul̓m̓stxʷ iʔ sxʷaʔxʷaʔn̓kíłp ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 11. nixʷ tl̓ sxʷaʔxʷaʔn̓kíłp, stim̓i ʔ splal̓ kłƛ̓qʷƛ̓qʷumn̓? may̓xít. 12. ha kʷ ksxʷul̓qn̓ km̓kʷ kłwick ? ha swit l̓ asnəqsílxʷ ksxʷul̓qn̓ km̓kłwick ? may̓xít. skłʔiy̓sm̓ t x̌ilm̓s ʔaʔúm̓s A. Point of View Excercise aksck̓ʷúl̓: change the phrase for each new subject, maintaining the same tense. Follow the model. Translate the new phrase to English.

aksʔíłnm̓ iʔ sp̓y̓qałqs, nax̌m̓ł lut x̌sʔiłn̓.

EX: Susáp: ksʔíłiʔs iʔ sp̓y̓qałqs, nax̌m̓ł lut x̌sʔiłn̓.

1. in̓cá: nuyápixcn̓:

2. in̓cá naʔł Praswá: nuyápixcn̓:

N̓səl̓xcin̓ 3: An Advanced Course in Colville-Okanagan Salish revised 06/5/17 63

3. anwí naʔł an̓y̓lmíxʷm: nuyápixcn̓:

4. iʔ tm̓tmixʷ: nuyápixcn̓:

B. Point of View Excercise aksck̓ʷúl̓: change the phrase for each new subject, maintaining the same tense. Follow the model. Translate the new phrase to English.

csiq̓stsəl̓x iʔ mxiłp.

EX: Pit: csiq̓sts iʔ mxiłp.

1. in̓cá: nuyápixcn̓:

2. anwí: nuyápixcn̓:

3. anwí naʔł in̓cá: nuyápixcn̓:

4. anwí naʔł C̓sqáqnaʔ: nuyápixcn̓:

C. Future 36 Verb Box aksck̓ʷúl̓: Complete the box with correct transitive verb/object forms k̓łnik̓łt- to cut off for someone in̓cá anwí cniłc mnim̓łtət mnim̓łəm̓p mnim̓łcəl̓x in̓cá xxx kʷ iksk̓łník̓łtm̓ xxx p iksk̓łník̓łtm̓ iksk̓łník̓łtm̓əl̓x iksk̓łník̓łtm̓ anwí kʷuʔ xxx aksk̓łník̓łtm̓ kʷuʔ xxx aksk̓łník̓łtm̓əl̓x aksk̓łník̓łtm̓ aksk̓łník̓łtm̓ cniłc kʷuʔ ksk̓łnik̓łts / ksk̓łnik̓łts kʷuʔ ksk̓łnik̓łtm̓ ksk̓łnik̓łəm̓s ksk̓łnik̓łtsəl̓x ksk̓łnik̓łts ksk̓łnik̓łtm̓s mnim̓łtət xxx ksk̓łnik̓łtst / ksk̓łnik̓łtm̓ xxx ksk̓łnik̓łəm̓t ksk̓łnik̓łtm̓əl̓x ksk̓łnik̓łtm̓t mnim̓łəm̓p kʷuʔ xxx ksk̓łnik̓łtp kʷuʔ ksk̓łnik̓łtp xxx ksk̓łnik̓łtpəl̓x ksk̓łnik̓łtp cniłcəlx kʷuʔ ksk̓łnik̓łtsəl̓x / ksk̓łnik̓łtsəl̓x kʷuʔ ksk̓łnik̓łəm̓səl̓x ksk̓łnik̓łtm̓əl̓x ksk̓łnik̓łtsəl̓x ksk̓łnik̓łtm̓səl̓x ksk̓łnik̓łtm̓əl̓x mnim̓łcəl̓x

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D. Transitive Verbal Exchanges with Objects aksck̓ʷúl̓: answer the questions with a complete n̓səl̓xcin̓ sentence. Translate the question and your answer to English.

1. stim̓i ʔ kʷuʔ aksk̓łník̓łtm̓ in̓cá ? (ƛ̓qʷƛ̓qʷumn̓)

2. stim̓ ʔi kʷuʔ ksk̓łník̓łtp in̓cá naʔł Prasát ? (sx̌w̓íłc̓aʔ)

3. ha cmistíxʷ stim̓ʔ i kʷ iksk̓łník̓łtm̓ ? (kiw̓)

4. ha cmistíp stim̓ʔ i p iksk̓łník̓łtm̓ (lut)

5. səxkinx uł ksk̓łnik̓łəm̓s iʔ tkl̓kl̓kxm̓ikstn̓s X̌sal̓qs ? (k̓ʷul̓m̓ t kłkʷil̓stn̓)

6. ha kʷ n̓stil̓s ksk̓łnik̓łtm̓səl̓x ʔi sliqʷ ? (kiw̓)

ck̓ʷul̓m̓stm̓ iʔ sʔaʔúm̓s 1. sxʷaʔxʷaʔn̓kíłp- hawthorne example sentences: 1. iʔ sxʷaʔxʷaʔn̓kíłp cplal̓ yʕat taʔkín̓ l̓ syilx tm̓xʷúlaʔxʷ. (The hawthorn̓ grows all over the Syilx territory.) 2. iʔ tkʷl̓kʷil̓s sxʷaʔxʷaʔn̓kíłp mrim̓stn̓. (The red hawthorne is medicine.) 3. łə q̓sápiʔ in̓k̓ík̓waʔ ck̓itsts ʔi sxʷaʔxʷaʔn̓kíłp uł ck̓ʷul̓m̓ t kłcakʷúlaʔxʷtn̓s. (Long ago my grampa would cut down̓ the hawthorn̓ bushes and make a brush arrow.)

2. kp̓xʷp̓xʷikst- shiny leaves example sentences: 1. iʔ sxʷaʔxʷaʔn̓kíłp ckp̓xʷp̓ixʷkst uł ckx̌ətx̌itkst. (The black hawthorn̓ has shiny green̓ leaves with jagged edges.) 2. iʔ kc̓ərc̓risməl̓x kp̓əxʷp̓íxʷkst uł łəw̓ław̓t iʔ packłs. (The oregon grapes have shiny leaves and pokey leaves.) 3. iʔ ʕan̓łp yr̓yir uł p̓xʷp̓ixʷkst. (The buck brush has round and shiny leaves.)

3. kx̌ətx̌ətikst- jagged leaves example sentences:

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1. iʔ sxʷaʔxʷaʔn̓kíłp ckp̓xʷp̓ixʷkst ułckx̌ətx̌itkst. (The black hawthorn̓ has shiny green̓ leaves with jagged edges.) 2. ctx̌ətxítkst aksck̓ʷúl̓ tpackł. (Make a leaf with jagged edges.) 3. miƛ̓n̓t aʔ ctx̌ətx̌ítkst t cʕax̌. (Color the jagged leaves red.)

4. naqsqn- one (flower) head example sentences: 1. iʔ sc̓aʔák̓ʷs pəqpiq uł iʔ naqsqn̓ kcil̓kst iʔ sc̓aʔák̓ʷs. (It's flowers are white and each flower has five petals.) 2. iʔ sp̓iƛ̓m̓ha n̓ iʔ sc̓áʔák̓ʷs uł t̓iʔ naqsqn̓. (The bitterroots have pink flowers and have only one bloom.) 3. iʔ x̌ʷnámx̌ʷnam̓n̓an̓aqs ła ctum̓sts iʔ sc̓aʔák̓ʷ. (The hummingbird sucks on one flower at a time.)

5. tq̓ʷy̓q̓ʷʕay̓s- black berries / black round things example sentences: 1. ła cp̓y̓aq, iʔ sp̓y̓qałq tq̓ʷy̓q̓ʷʕay̓s. (When they are ripe, the berries are black.) 2. k̓aʔáym̓uł p̓y̓p̓y̓aq iʔ łəx̌ʷłax̌ʷ tiʔ tq̓ʷy̓q̓ʷʕay̓s. (In the fall the chokecherries ripen̓ and are black.) 3. in̓x̌ást iʔ tq̓ʷy̓q̓ʷʕay̓s t sámaʔ łəx̌ʷłax̌ʷ. (I like the black euro-cherries.)

6. n̓sq̓iw̓sn̓t- to split something example sentences: 1. łə n̓sq̓iw̓sn̓txʷ, iʔ nixʷútm̓s kʷriʔ uł kaʔłís km̓mus p̓ísƛ̓aʔt iʔ n̓xƛ̓tisxn̓s. (When you split them open, the berries are yellow inside, and there are three or four big seeds there.) 2. cn̓səq̓sq̓i̓w̓sn̓t iʔ picəs mi n̓qmín̓t l̓ laputáy̓. (Split the peaches in half before you put them in jars.) 3. n̓sq̓iw̓sn̓t iʔ lipám̓uł x̌ʷil̓st iʔ n̓xƛ̓ti̓sxn̓s. (Split the apple in half and take the seeds out.)

7. xc̓al̓qʷ- hard wood / hard cylinder example sentences: 1. iʔ sx̌əx̌c̓iʔs taʔlí xc̓al̓qʷ. (The wood from the hawthorn̓ is very hard.) 2. iʔ siʔíłml̓x ck̓ʷul̓m̓stəlx t kłc̓q̓il̓n̓s áłiʔ taʔlí x̣c̓xc̓al̓qʷ. (They use saskatoon limbs to make their arows because the wood is a hard.) 3. ła ksxʷúystm̓iʔ siw̓łkʷ k̓ʷul̓mn̓t iʔ xc̓xc̓al̓qʷ uł cn̓łəx̌łəx̌íłc̓aʔ t n̓píʔsustn̓. (If your going to make the water go use the hard plastic pipes)

8. siq̓mn- splitting tool example sentences: 1. q̓sápiʔ, iʔ sqilxʷ ck̓ʷul̓m̓sts iʔ sxʷaʔxʷaʔn̓kíłp ksiq̓mns, csiq̓stsəl̓x ʔi mxiłp ixíʔ kəkip t sx̌əx̌c̓iʔ. (A long time ago, the Syilx used the hawthorn̓ to split softer woods like cedar.) 2. ct̓xʷt̓ixʷlm̓iʔ səq̓siq̓mn. (There are different splitting tools.) 3. tałt kiʔ x̌ʷy̓x̌ʷay̓t an̓síq̓mn. (Your splitting tool is very sharp.)

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9. ƛ̓qʷƛ̓qʷumn- thorns example sentences: 1. nixʷ ck̓ʷul̓m̓stsəl̓x iʔ sxʷaʔxʷaʔn̓kíłp naʔł ƛ̓qʷƛ̓qʷumn̓s t ksxʷul̓qn̓s uł t kłwicks k̓l̓ słəłt̓am̓ t n̓ty̓tyix naʔł xʷmínaʔ. (They also used the hawthorn̓ wood and thorns to make harpoons and spears for fishing salmon and steelhead.) 2. xʷuʔúsm̓iʔ ƛ̓qʷƛ̓qʷumn̓ iʔ k̓ʷiƛ̓t wswisxn̓ iʔ k̓ʷiƛ̓t t̓ət̓q̓t̓áq̓aʔt. (There are a lot of different sizes of awls.) 3. in̓ƛ̓qʷumn̓ q̓ʷm̓qin̓ iʔ tk̓míplaʔs. (My awl has a horn̓ handle.)

10. sxʷul̓qn- harpoon example sentences: 1. nixʷ ck̓ʷul̓m̓stsəl̓x iʔ sxʷaʔxʷaʔn̓kíłp naʔł ƛ̓qʷƛ̓qʷumn̓s t ksxʷul̓qn̓s uł t kłwicks k̓l̓ słəłt̓am̓ t n̓ty̓tyix naʔł xʷmínaʔ. (They also used the hawthorn̓ wood and thorns to make harpoons and spears for fishing salmon and steelhead.) 2. iʔ sqilxʷ ksk̓aw̓skłqaqxʷl̓xm̓s ixíʔ k̓ʷl̓k̓ʷul̓məl̓x t ksxʷul̓xʷúl̓qn̓səl̓x. (When their going to go gather fish, the people made spears, harpoons.) 3. sisyíkst ła ck̓ʷul̓m̓sts iʔ sxʷul̓qn̓. (He's very good at using the harpoon.)

11. wick- fishing spear example sentences: 1. nixʷ ck̓ʷul̓m̓stsəl̓x iʔ sxʷaʔxʷaʔn̓kíłp naʔł ƛ̓qʷƛ̓qʷumn̓s t ksxʷul̓qn̓s uł t kłwicks k̓l̓ słəłt̓am̓ t n̓ty̓tyix naʔł xʷmínaʔ. (They also used the hawthorn̓ wood and thorns to make harpoons and spears for fishing salmon and steelhead.) 2. cqʷaʔmíkstmsts ła ck̓ʷul̓m̓sts iʔwick. (They get used to using a fishing spear.) 3. cʔlk̓ʷútstsəl̓x uł n̓x̌ʷix̌ʷís iʔwicks. (They sharpen̓ their fishing spears.)

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08. səxʷk̓ʷan̓łqm̓ uł səxʷtxət̓sqáx̌aʔm̓- tq̓im̓tq̓m̓ sʔaʔúm̓s t̓wist stand kmʕaqs car broke down cxʷy̓ist start / able to go xʷúm̓t̓iʔ apparently n̓c̓xʷiwl̓tn̓ fuel til̓xʷn̓t fail at something t̓aqʷcínm̓ honk horn łxʷy̓nun̓t manage to get going again k̓ʷək̓ʷínaʔt little kt̓əxt̓xus sweet berries kp̓sƛ̓ʔus big berries cƛ̓aʔn̓tím̓ / cƛ̓aʔám̓ bring / go get smy̓may̓ t̓wist l̓ n̓xaʔcín̓m̓s iʔ sn̓q̓y̓min̓tn̓, Pilaʔsís cqʷl̓qʷil̓stsʔ i slax̌ts stand Malí.

P- way̓ Malí. ha t̓iʔ kʷ x̌ast ? kn̓ nixl̓ kʷ səcq̓il̓tx. ha kʷ x̌stwil̓x ? M- way Pilaʔsís. way̓k n̓ x̌stwil̓x. kn̓ ck̓ʷup̓k̓ʷup̓p̓, kn̓ n̓q̓iln̓k, nax̌m̓ł isw̓aw̓ásaʔ kʷuʔ mrim̓s uł kn̓ łx̌stwil̓x. ha t̓iʔ kʷ x̌ast ? P- t̓iʔ kn̓ x̌ast. nax̌m̓ł kn̓km ʕaqs t in̓n̓ʔaʔúkʷmn̓. áłiʔ ł car broke down iskmʕáqs uł kn̓ n̓kxam̓k̓l̓ taw̓n̓. M- səxkinx ? P- lut cxʷy̓ist, xʷúm̓t̓iʔ lut ckʷn̓ist t n̓c̓xʷiwl̓tn̓. start; apprently; M- cmay̓ isqʷsíʔ kn̓xitm̓s. ixíʔ x̌asts ʔi sk̓ʷul̓m̓l̓ p̓uy̓xn̓ uł fuel way̓ sisyús ik̓líʔ. P- ixíʔ caʔkʷ taʔlí x̌ast, áłiʔ til̓xʷn̓ ł iksk̓łpaʔx̌əx̌núnm̓. fail M- way̓k n̓ xʷuy̓, nax̌m̓ł ikscúnm̓ kʷ kmʕaqs. cmay̓ cxʷuy̓ mi ʕ̓ac̓łtm̓s. P- hahúy̓. kʷuʔ kʷukʷstxʷ. nínwiʔs łwikn̓tsn̓.

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M- ki, nínwiʔs łwikn̓tsn̓. x̌lap, ik̓líʔ Pilaʔsís kicx k̓l̓ Malí ʔi citxʷs, t̓aqʷcínm̓s iʔ n̓ʔaʔúkʷmn̓s. honk horn

M- łxʷy̓nun̓txʷ an̓n̓ʔaʔúkʷmn̓. manage to get P- ki, asqʷsíʔ kʷuʔ łxʷy̓nusts. sisyús asqʷsíʔ ła ck̓ʷul̓stsʔ i going p̓uy̓xn̓. M- ki, way̓ta ʔlí sisyús. nax̌m̓ł ha cmistíxʷ, lut caʔkʷ aksx̌áq̓m̓. əclim̓t kn̓xitm̓s. P- kʷaʔ t̓iʔ k̓ʷək̓ʷínaʔt iʔ x̌aq̓n̓, sc̓x̌ilx cxʷic̓xtmn̓ t tq̓im̓tq̓m̓ little tl̓ isnk̓ʷán̓łqtn̓. M- way̓ qʷam̓qʷm̓t, in̓x̌ásttq̓ím̓ an̓ tq̓m̓. taʔlí kiʔ kt̓əxt̓xus, lut sweet berries c̓x̌ił tl̓ sn̓tw̓mistn̓. P- ki, iwá cniłcəl̓x miskp̓sƛ̓ʔus tl̓ in̓cá, nax̌m̓ł in̓cá miskt̓ət̓xus. big berries M- way̓ uníxʷ. uc an̓x̌mín̓k kʷ cn̓ʔułxʷ mi kʷu łəpłʕapm̓ t lkapí ? P- hahúy̓, uníxʷ x̌ast. M- cxʷuy̓x, cn̓ʔułxʷəxʷ. P- hahúy̓, cƛ̓aʔn̓tín̓ iʔ tq̓im̓tq̓m̓ mi n̓kəcnikn̓tsn̓. go get sn̓súxʷnaʔ sw̓łtiłn̓ 1. k̓aʔkín̓ kiʔ t̓wist Pilaʔsís ? 2. səxkinx Malí ? stim̓ iʔ sq̓il̓ts ? 3. swit iʔ mrim̓s Malí ? 4. səxkinx uł n̓kxam̓ k̓l̓ taw̓n̓ Pilaʔsís ? 5. səxkinx Pilaʔsís iʔ n̓ʔaʔúkʷmn̓s ? 6. swit iʔ kskn̓xits Pilaʔsís ? 7. stim̓ ʔa c̓kists Pilaʔsís əł kicx k̓l̓ Malí iʔ citxʷs ? 8. swit iʔ łxʷy̓nusts iʔ n̓ʔaʔúkʷmn̓s Pilaʔsís ? 9. k̓ʷinx Pilaʔsís iʔ x̌aq̓m̓s Malí iʔ sqʷsiʔs ? 10. səxkinx uł Malí x̌asts iʔ tq̓im̓tq̓m̓s ʔPila sís ? 11. c̓kin̓ iʔ tq̓im̓tq̓m̓s tl̓ sn̓tw̓mistn̓ ? 12. swit iʔ ksłəpłʕapm̓s ʔi lkapí ? 13. stim̓ ʔi ksƛ̓aʔn̓tís Pilaʔsís ? an̓cáw̓t sw̓łtiłn̓ 1. kʷ ła cxʷuy̓ k̓l̓ sn̓q̓y̓min̓tn̓, ha cqʷl̓qʷil̓stxʷ iʔ sqilxʷ ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 2. ha kʷ səcq̓il̓txʕ apnáʔ t sx̌l̓x̌ʕal̓t ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 3. kʷ ła cq̓il̓t, swit aʔ cmrim̓stm̓s ? may̓xít.

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4. ha kʷ kmʕaqs t snəqspin̓tk ? xkinm̓uł kʷ kmʕaqs ? may̓xít. 5. ha cxʷy̓ist an̓p̓úy̓xn̓ ʕapnáʔ t sx̌l̓x̌ʕal̓t ? ha ckʷn̓ist t n̓c̓xʷiwl̓tn̓ ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 6. swit iʔ kn̓xitm̓s t spiʔsc̓íłt ? swit iʔ kn̓xitxʷ ? may̓xít. 7. stim̓i ʔ k̓łpaʔx̌əx̌nún̓txʷ t skłəʔaʔ ? may̓xít. 8. ha swit ʕ̓ac̓łtm̓s asútn̓ t n̓kʷəkʷʔac ? ha ʕ̓ac̓łtxʷ swit iʔ sutn̓s ? may̓xít. 9. ha t̓aqʷcínm̓n̓txʷ an̓p̓úy̓xn̓ t spiʔsc̓íłt ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 10. swit aksx̌áq̓m̓ł ə x̌lap ? swit ksx̌aq̓n̓ts ? may̓xít. 11. ha swit xʷic̓xtm̓s t sp̓y̓qałq km̓sk̓ʷan̓łq tl̓ sn̓k̓ʷan̓łqtn̓s t scaʔáqʷ ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 12. ha an̓x̌ást iʔ kt̓əxt̓xus t sp̓y̓qałq ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 13. swit iʔ n̓kəcnikn̓txʷ t skłəʔaʔ ? swit iʔ n̓kəcnikn̓ts ? may̓xít. skłʔiy̓sm̓ t x̌ilm̓s ʔaʔúm̓s A. Point of View Excercise aksck̓ʷúl̓: change the phrase for each new subject, maintaining the same tense. Follow the model. Translate the new phrase to English.

łxʷy̓nun̓txʷ an̓n̓ʔaʔúkʷmn̓.

EX: in̓cá / p̓uy̓xn̓: łxʷy̓nun̓ in̓p̓úy̓xn̓.

1. Susáp / n̓ʔaʔúkʷmn̓: nuyápixcn̓:

2. in̓cá naʔł Pʕałxʷ / n̓tətqʷápaʔs: nuyápixcn̓:

3. anwí naʔł Sulí / p̓uy̓xn̓: nuyápixcn̓:

4. iʔ səxʷk̓ʷl̓k̓ʷl̓wulm̓ / n̓qy̓xups: nuyápixcn̓:

B. Point of View Excercise aksck̓ʷúl̓: change the phrase for each new subject, maintaining the same tense. Follow the model. Translate the new phrase to English.

Pilaʔsís kicx uł t̓aqʷcínm̓s iʔ n̓ʔaʔúkʷmn̓s.

EX: anwí: kʷ kicx uł t̓aqʷcínm̓n̓txʷ an̓n̓ʔaʔúkʷmn̓.

1. in̓cá: nuyápixcn̓:

2. anwí naʔł in̓cá: nuyápixcn̓:

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3. anwí naʔł Páy̓ta: nuyápixcn̓:

4. Swʕaʔtqn̓ naʔł Snínaʔqn̓: nuyápixcn̓:

C. Actual/Habitual 36 Verb Box aksck̓ʷúl̓: Complete the box with transitive verb/object forms. cqʷl̓qʷil̓st- to talk to someone in̓cá anwí cniłc mnim̓łtət mnim̓łəm̓p mnim̓łcəl̓x in̓cá xxx cqʷl̓qʷil̓stmn̓ cqʷl̓qʷil̓stn̓ xxx cqʷl̓qʷil̓łəmn̓ cqʷl̓qʷil̓stnəl̓x anwí kʷuʔ xxx cqʷl̓qʷil̓stxʷ kʷuʔ xxx cqʷl̓qʷil̓stxʷəl̓x cqʷl̓qʷil̓stxʷ cqʷl̓qʷil̓stxʷ cniłc kʷuʔ cqʷl̓qʷil̓stm̓s cqʷl̓qʷil̓sts kʷuʔ cqʷl̓qʷil̓łəm̓s cqʷl̓qʷil̓stsəl̓x cqʷl̓qʷil̓sts cqʷl̓qʷil̓stm̓ mnim̓łtət xxx cqʷl̓qʷil̓stm̓t cqʷl̓qʷil̓stm̓ xxx cqʷl̓qʷil̓łəm̓t cqʷl̓qʷil̓stməl̓x mnim̓łəm̓p kʷuʔ xxx cqʷl̓qʷil̓stp kʷuʔ cqʷl̓qʷil̓stp xxx cqʷl̓qʷil̓stpəl̓x cqʷl̓qʷil̓stp cniłcəlx kʷuʔ cqʷl̓qʷil̓stm̓s- cqʷl̓qʷil̓sts- kʷuʔ cqʷl̓qʷil̓łəm̓səl̓x cqʷl̓qʷil̓stməl̓x cqʷl̓qʷil̓stsəl̓x əl̓x əl̓x cqʷl̓qʷil̓stməl̓x mnim̓łcəl̓x

D. Transitive Verbal Exchanges with Objects aksck̓ʷúl̓: answer the questions with a complete n̓səl̓xcin̓ sentence. Translate the question and your answer to English.

1. swit iʔ cqʷl̓qʷil̓stm̓s ? (Saláwaʔt)

2. swit iʔ cqʷl̓qʷil̓stn̓ ? (in̓cá)

3. ha cqʷl̓qʷil̓łəm̓s Sk̓nxʷal̓qs ? (kiw̓)

4. swit iʔ kʷuʔ cqʷl̓qʷil̓stm̓ ? (X̌sal̓qs)

5. ha cqʷl̓qʷil̓stm̓səl̓x iʔ xəxiw̓xw̓tm̓? (lut)

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6. ha cmistíp cqʷl̓qʷil̓łəm̓t ? (kiw̓)

E. Future 36 Verb Box aksck̓ʷúl̓: Complete the box with correct transitive verb/object forms. qʷl̓qʷil̓st- to talk to someone in̓cá anwí cniłc mnim̓łtət mnim̓łəm̓p mnim̓łcəl̓x in̓cá xxx kʷ iksqʷl̓qʷíl̓stm̓ xxx p iksqʷl̓qʷíl̓stm̓ iksqʷl̓qʷíl̓stm̓- iksqʷl̓qʷíl̓stm̓ əl̓x anwí kʷuʔ xxx aksqʷl̓qʷíl̓stm̓ kʷuʔ xxx aksqʷl̓qʷíl̓stm̓- aksqʷl̓qʷíl̓stm̓ aksqʷl̓qʷíl̓stm̓ əl̓x cniłc kʷuʔ ksqʷl̓qʷil̓stm̓s ksqʷl̓qʷil̓sts kʷuʔ ksqʷl̓qʷil̓łəm̓s ksqʷl̓qʷil̓stsəl̓x ksqʷl̓qʷil̓sts ksqʷl̓qʷil̓stm̓ mnim̓łtət xxx ksqʷl̓qʷil̓stm̓t ksqʷl̓qʷil̓stm xxx ksqʷl̓qʷil̓łəm̓t ksqʷl̓qʷil̓stməl̓x mnim̓łəm̓p kʷuʔ xxx ksqʷl̓qʷil̓stp kʷuʔ xxx ksqʷl̓qʷil̓stpəl̓x ksqʷl̓qʷil̓stp ksqʷl̓qʷil̓stp cniłcəlx kʷuʔ ksqʷl̓qʷil̓stm̓s ksqʷl̓qʷil̓sts- kʷuʔ ksqʷl̓qʷil̓łəm̓səl̓x ksqʷl̓qʷil̓stməl̓x ksqʷl̓qʷil̓stsəl̓x -əl̓x əl̓x ksqʷl̓qʷil̓stməl̓x mnim̓łcəl̓x

F. Transitive Verbal Exchanges with Objects aksck̓ʷúl̓: answer the questions with a complete n̓səl̓xcin̓ sentence. Translate the question and your answer to English.

1. swit iʔ ksqʷl̓qʷil̓stm̓s ? (Saláwaʔt)

2. swit iksqʷl̓qʷíl̓stm̓ ? (in̓cá)

3. ha ksqʷl̓qʷil̓łəm̓s Sk̓nxʷal̓qs ? (kiw̓)

4. swit iʔ kʷu ksqʷl̓qʷil̓stm̓ ? (X̌sal̓qs)

5. ha ksqʷl̓qʷil̓stm̓səl̓x iʔ xəxiw̓xw̓tm̓? (lut)

6. ha cmistíp səxkinx uł ksqʷl̓qʷil̓łəm̓t ? (kiw̓)

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ck̓ʷul̓m̓stm̓ iʔ sʔaʔúm̓s 1. t̓wist- stand (more than one) example sentences: 1. t̓wist l̓ n̓xaʔcín̓m̓s iʔ sn̓q̓y̓min̓tn, Pilaʔsís cqʷl̓qʷil̓sts iʔ slax̌ts Malí. (Pilaʔsís is talking to her friend Malí, they are standing in front of the post office.) 2. n̓t̓wist iʔ sn̓kłc̓aʔsqáx̌aʔ l̓ aʔ ck̓łʕal. (The horses are standing in the corral.) 3. in̓kwáp n̓ʔakswíx l̓ n̓t̓w̓stsqáx̌aʔtn̓. (My horse is in the barn.)

2. kmʕaqs- broke down̓ vehicle reduplication: example sentences: 1. nax̌m̓ł kn̓ kmʕaqs t in̓n̓ʔaʔúkʷmn̓ áłiʔ ł iskmʕáqs uł kn̓ n̓kxam̓k̓l̓ taw̓n. (But I had to walk to town̓ because my truck is broken̓ down.) 2. n̓c̓q̓əq̓in̓k an̓p̓uy̓xn̓uł kt̓l̓t̓l̓iw̓s ixíʔ askmʕáqs. (Your car hit a rock underneath and busted a gut then you were broke down.) 3. uc caʔkʷ kʷu kn̓xitxʷ ? kn̓ kmʕaqs. (Will you help me? I'm broke down.)

3. cxʷy̓íst- start up / get going example sentences: 1. lut cxʷy̓ist, xʷúm̓t̓iʔ lut ckʷn̓ist t n̓c̓xʷiwl̓tn̓. (It won't start, and it sounds like it isn't getting any gas.) 2. pn̓kin̓ mi p ccxʷy̓ist. (When will you folks be able to come?) 3. ha cm̓cxʷy̓ist asnqsílxʷ ? (Will your relatives be able to come?)

4. xʷúm̓t̓iʔ- aparrently / it looks like example sentences: 1. lut cxʷiíʔst, xʷúm̓t̓iʔ lut ckʷn̓iʔst t n̓c̓xʷiwl̓tn̓. (It won't start, and it sounds like it isn't getting any gas.) 2. xʷúm̓t̓iʔ sƛ̓l̓lmix. (Looks like he's dead.) 3. xʷúm̓t̓iʔ sx̌mn̓káwaʔs. t̓iʔ cxəpsnwixʷ. (Looks like they're sweethearts. They're knawing on each other.)

5. n̓c̓xʷiwl̓tn̓- fuel example sentences: 1. lut cxʷiíʔst, xʷúm̓t̓iʔ lut ckʷn̓iʔst t n̓c̓xʷiwl̓tn̓. (It won't start, and it sounds like it isn't getting any gas.) 2. kʷ łkʷnim̓ta n̓c̓xʷiwl̓tn̓mł q̓ʷic̓stxʷ. (When you buy gasoline, fill it up.) 3. lut kʷ iksk̓łʔúkʷm̓k̓aʔkí n, put kʷu n̓c̓xʷiwl̓n̓txʷ. (I'm not bringing you anywhere until you put gas in my car.)

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6. til̓xʷn- fail example sentences: 1. ixíʔ caʔkʷ taʔlí x̌ast, áłiʔ til̓xʷn̓ ł iksk̓łpaʔx̌əx̌núnm̓. (That would be great, because I can't figure it out.) 2. wa···m̓k̓x̌ilm n̓ uł til̓xʷn. (I tried and tried but I was unable to do it.) 3. kl̓kiln̓ iʔ st̓mʕal̓t uł tl̓til̓xʷn̓ ł iksk̓łcáqʷm. (I chased the cows around but I couldn't head them off.)

7. t̓aqʷcínm̓- honk horn example sentences: 1. x̌lap, ik̓líʔ Pilaʔsís kicx k̓l̓ Malí iʔ citxʷs, t̓aqʷcínm̓s iʔ n̓ʔaʔúkʷmn̓s. (Pilaʔsís arrives at Malí's house the next day honking her truck's horn.) 2. ist̓m̓kʔíl̓t t̓qʷt̓áqʷcinm̓s iʔ n̓ʔaʔúkʷmn̓s skl̓kilm̓s iʔ n̓ml̓k̓ʷápaʔst. (My daughter tooted her horn. She was chasing the stud. 3. kn̓ p̓iʔqíl̓tn̓ uł kn̓ t̓qʷcin, "cxʷúy̓wi kʷu ʔałʔíłn̓." (When I'm done cooking, I call out, "come and eat.")

8. xʷy̓nunt- manage to get something going example sentences: 1. łxʷy̓nun̓txʷ an̓n̓ʔaʔúkʷmn̓. (Your got your truck running again.) 2. ha cxʷy̓nun̓txʷ isp̓aʔsímxʷ ? (Did you manage to bring my milkcow?) 3. way xʷy̓nun̓ in̓q̓y̓mín. (I managed to send off my letter.)

9. k̓ʷək̓ʷínaʔt- a little bit example sentences: 1. kʷaʔ t̓iʔ k̓ʷək̓ʷínaʔt iʔ x̌aq̓n, sc̓x̌ilx cxʷic̓xtmn̓ t tq̓im̓tq̓m̓ tl̓ isnk̓ʷán̓łqtn. (Oh, I only paid him̓ a little bit, so I brought you guys some strawberries from my garden.) 2. k̓ʷək̓ʷn̓k̓ʷínaʔt ła cn̓pkʷúlaʔxʷstn̓ iʔ sc̓ʕ̓al̓qn̓. (I put a little bit of seeds in the ground at a time.) 3. k̓ʷək̓ʷínaʔt iʔ kʷu asn̓c̓xʷítm. (Pour me a little bit.)

10. kt̓əxt̓xus- sweet berries / sweet round things example sentences: 1. taʔlí kiʔ kt̓əxt̓xus, lut c̓x̌ił tl̓ sn̓tw̓mistn̓. (They are so sweet, not like the ones from the store.) 2. kp̓iʔp̓iʔqús iʔ apl̓s uł ckt̓əxt̓xús. (When the apples are ripe, they are sweet.) 3. iʔ st̓axłq in̓misx̌ást áłiʔ kt̓əxt̓xús. (I like hucklberries because they are so sweet.)

11. kp̓sƛ̓ʔus- big berries / big round things example sentences: 1. ki, iwá cniłcəlx mis kp̓sƛ̓ʔus tl̓ in̓cá, nax̌m̓ł in̓cá mis kt̓ət̓əxus. (Yah, theirs are bigger than my mine, but mine taste better.) 2. iʔ síyaʔ kp̓sp̓sƛ̓ʔus ik̓líʔ. (The sarvice berries are big over there.) 3. tałt kiʔ kp̓sƛ̓ʔus iʔ xixw̓tm. (That little girl has such big eyes.)

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12. cƛ̓aʔn̓tím̓/ cƛ̓aʔán̓t- go get something example sentences: 1. hahúy̓, cƛ̓aʔn̓tín̓ iʔ tq̓im̓tq̓m̓mi n̓kəcnikn̓tsn̓. (Okay, I'll get the strawberries and catch up to you.) 2. cxʷuy̓ uł cƛ̓aʔn̓tím̓t sx̌ílwiʔs mat n̓k̓w̓pilsmn̓tm̓. (Her husband came and got her. He must have been̓ lonesome.) 3. xʷuy̓x cƛ̓aʔán̓t asqʷsqʷsíʔ. (Go and get your child.)

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09. st̓xəłqiłəml̓x uł st̓xałq sʔaʔúm̓s yxʷtúlaʔxʷ lowlands xʷʔusm̓ many kinds kcəcmus small berries ct̓qʷt̓aqʷ bushes əckʕ̓acʕacús berries hanging cq̓ʷʔuc become fat txʷʔaqsm̓st eat a lot of something łsəx̌ʷtilx come back down q̓ʷy̓q̓ʷʕay̓kst blackened fingers qʷim̓m̓stm̓ startle someone/something pay̓ lkalát pie crust smy̓may̓ iʔ st̓xałq iʔ k̓l̓ wist km̓ yxʷtúlaʔxʷ ka cplal̓. t̓iʔ l̓ lowlands c̓łxʷúlaʔxʷ l̓ aʔ ksmik̓ʷt kaʔ cplal̓ iʔ st̓xəłqiłəml̓x. sc̓x̌ilx l̓ wist kaʔ cplal̓. xʷʔusm̓iʔ st̓xəłqiłəml̓x. iʔ k̓ʷiƛ̓t c̓x̌ił t sqilxʷ iʔ many kinds kst̓ik̓ʷl̓qʷs, iʔ k̓ʷiƛ̓t t̓ət̓q̓iłəml̓x. iʔ k̓ʷiƛ̓t iʔ st̓xałq kp̓sƛ̓ʔus uł tkʷl̓kʷil̓s. iʔ k̓ʷiƛ̓t kcəcmus uł yus km̓ tq̓ʷy̓q̓ʷʕay̓s. iʔ l̓ aʔ small berries ct̓qʷt̓aqʷ kiʔ əckʕ̓acʕacús. bushes; berries; iʔ skm̓xist sx̌w̓x̌w̓usts sʔiłn̓s iʔ st̓xałq. tl̓ skt̓əxt̓xusts iʔ hanging st̓xałq cq̓ʷʔuc iʔ skm̓xist ła c̓iłsts. ła ctxʷʔaqsm̓sts iʔ st̓xałq, ła become fat; eat a cp̓c̓ʕam̓ t̓iʔ yus uł xʷʔit iʔ sc̓ʕal̓qn̓. iʔ sqilxʷ x̌astsəl̓x iʔ st̓xałq lot áłiʔ kt̓əxt̓xus uł x̌sʔiłn̓. iʔ k̓ʷiƛ̓t iʔ st̓xałq cp̓y̓p̓y̓aq l̓ scaʔáqʷ, ła cp̓y̓aq iʔ síyaʔ. k̓l̓ wist iʔ st̓xałq lut t̓a cp̓y̓aq uł k̓aʔáym̓. k̓ay̓xʷút cxʔit cp̓y̓aq ilíʔ uł way kʷ q̓ʷliw̓m̓ sic ʔaw̓típn̓txʷ k̓l̓ wist uł caʔkʷ kaʔłís x̌iyáłnxʷ aksq̓ʷliw̓m̓. q̓sápiʔ iʔ pínaʔ naʔł yám̓x̌ʷaʔ iʔ n̓q̓ʷliw̓m̓n̓tət. ʕapnáʔ łkap km̓ sn̓lkapítn̓ iʔ n̓q̓ʷliw̓m̓n̓tət. knaqsúsm̓ła cq̓ʷliw̓stm̓iʔ l̓ n̓q̓ʷliw̓m̓n̓tət. ła łsəx̌ʷtilx aʔ cq̓ʷl̓q̓ʷliw̓m̓ tl̓ wist iʔ sqilxʷ t̓iʔq̓ʷy̓q̓ʷʕay̓kst uł iʔ splim̓cn̓s t̓iʔ come down q̓ʷʕay̓ ! xʷk̓ʷn̓tim̓iʔ scq̓ʷliw̓tət. n̓pkʷitkʷn̓t iʔ l̓ siw̓łkʷ uł suk̓ʷt blackened fingers iʔ packł. km̓ px̌ʷm̓stikʷ l̓ latáp uł n̓xʷk̓ʷiw̓sn̓t iʔ packł naʔł

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sx̌əx̌c̓iʔ. kʷu ła cq̓ʷl̓q̓ʷliw̓m̓ t st̓xałq, taʔlí kʷu ct̓xət̓mist t skm̓xist. kʷuʔ ła cmistm̓iʔ skm̓xist ilíʔ kʷu ła cq̓ʷliw̓m̓, kʷuʔ cmistím̓uł lut kʷuʔ ksmʔikstm̓n̓tm̓. nax̌m̓ł lut aksqʷím̓m̓stm̓. kʷu cn̓kʷnim̓ uł kʷu cn̓ƛ̓x̌cn̓scut ixíʔ uł kʷuʔ cmistím̓kʷu ilíʔ iʔ skm̓xist. łə startle ilíʔ iʔ kiʔláw̓naʔ l̓ st̓xəłqiłəml̓x, ixíʔ uł kʷ lkʷil̓x itlíʔ. q̓sápiʔ cx̌w̓stim̓iʔ st̓xałq ixíʔ uł kʷumn̓tm̓ k̓l̓ ʔistkm̓. ʕapnáʔ xʷʔit iʔ sqilxʷ csul̓stsəl̓x iʔ st̓xałqsəl̓x. iʔ k̓ʷiƛ̓t ck̓ʷul̓məl̓x t t̓axt kmiƛ̓mn. k̓ʷul̓m̓səl̓x l̓ n̓k̓ʷsk̓ʷíslaʔxʷ km̓ n̓q̓aʔq̓aʔmíw̓s. iʔ k̓ʷiƛ̓t iʔ sqilxʷ cmár̓wiʔstsəl̓x l̓ sp̓iƛ̓m̓. uł iʔ st̓xałq taʔlí qʷam̓qʷm̓t l̓ n̓t̓əxt̓xúlaʔxʷ.

st̓xałq n̓t̓xúlaʔxʷ k̓ʷul̓mn̓txʷ iʔ asx̌w̓x̌w̓ʔús iʔ pay̓ lkalát łə kłn̓utmín̓s iʔ st̓xałq. nután̓t mł t̓iʔ put iʔ ksq̓ʷic̓sts. már̓wíʔn̓t iʔ t t̓axt. pie crust ktxʷípnaʔn̓txʷ iʔ t pay̓ lkalát. ixíʔ mi sic n̓cəqn̓tixʷ iʔ l̓ n̓k̓ʷl̓cn̓cutn̓. sn̓súxʷnaʔ sw̓łtiłn̓ 1. k̓aʔkín̓ kaʔ cplal̓ iʔ st̓xałq ? 2. səxkinx uł l̓ wist kaʔ cplal̓ iʔ st̓xałq ? 3. c̓kin̓ iʔ kst̓ik̓ʷl̓qʷs iʔ st̓xəłqiłəml̓x ? 4. c̓kin̓ iʔ sp̓y̓qałqsʔ i st̓xəłqiłəml̓x ? 5. stim̓ ʔi skm̓xist sx̌w̓x̌w̓usts sʔiłn̓s ? 6. tl̓ stim̓ cq̓ʷʔuc iʔ skm̓xist ? 7. səxkinx uł ła claʔkín̓ ʔt̓i yus uł xʷʔit iʔ sc̓ʕal̓qn̓ iʔ skm̓xist ʔi sp̓c̓ʕam̓s ? 8. səxkinx uł x̌astsəl̓x ʔi st̓xałq ʔi sqilxʷ ? 9. pn̓kin̓ kaʔ cp̓y̓aq iʔ st̓xałq ? 10. k̓ʷnxx̌iyáłnxʷ aksq̓ʷlíw̓m̓ łaksʔaw̓típm̓ aʔ cp̓y̓aq tl̓ yxʷtúlaʔxʷ uł k̓l̓ wist ? 11. q̓sápiʔ, stim̓ iʔ n̓q̓ʷliw̓m̓n̓tət ? 12. ʕapnáʔ, stim̓ iʔ n̓q̓ʷliw̓m̓n̓tət ? 13. k̓ʷn̓xusm̓ ła cq̓ʷliw̓stm̓ iʔ l̓ n̓q̓ʷliw̓m̓n̓tət ? 14. ła łsəx̌ʷtilx ʔi sqilxʷ tl̓ wist ła cq̓ʷliw̓m̓ t st̓xałq, c̓kin̓ iʔ kl̓kil̓s ? 15. stim̓ ʔi ʔasíl̓ akscn̓k̓ʷúl̓mn̓ mi xʷk̓ʷn̓tixʷ ascq̓ʷlíw̓ tst̓xałq? 16. səxkinx uł kʷu ct̓xət̓mist kʷu ła cq̓ʷl̓q̓ʷliwm̓ t st̓xałq ? 17. stim̓ aksc̓kístm̓ mi lut aksqʷím̓m̓stm̓ iʔ skm̓xist ? 18. stim̓ aksc̓kístm̓ łə ilíʔ iʔ kiʔláw̓naʔ l̓ st̓xəłqiłəml̓x ? 19. q̓sápiʔ, əxkistm̓ ʔi st̓xałq mi kʷumn̓tm̓ ? 20. ʕapnáʔ, c̓kin̓ mi ckʷum̓stm̓ iʔ st̓xałq ?

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21. l̓ stim̓ ck̓ʷul̓m̓stm̓ iʔ st̓xałq ? 22. l̓ stim̓ akscmárwiʔstm̓ iʔ st̓xałq ? 23. c̓kin̓ aksk̓ʷúl̓m̓ iʔ pay̓ t st̓xałq ? an̓cáw̓t sw̓łtiłn̓ 1. ha l̓ c̓łxʷúlaʔxʷ km̓l̓ aʔ ksmik̓ʷt kiʔ kʷ mut ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 2. stim̓i ʔ st̓xałq an̓misx̌ást, iʔ kp̓sƛ̓ʔus uł tkʷl̓kʷil̓s km̓i ʔ kcəcmus uł ysyus ? 3. ha iʔ st̓xałq asx̌w̓x̌w̓us sʔiłn̓ ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 4. ha kʷ cq̓ʷʔuc t nəqspin̓tk ? ha kʷ ckʷiw̓twíl̓x ? may̓xít. 5. ha ctxʷʔaqsm̓stxʷ ʔi st̓xałq ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 6. stim̓ ʔi x̌iyáłnxʷ kʷ ła cq̓ʷliwm̓ t st̓xałq ? may̓xít. 7. stim̓an̓n̓ q̓ʷliw̓m̓n̓ kʷ ła cq̓ʷliwm̓t st̓xałq ? ha pínaʔ km̓yam̓x̌ʷa ʔ ? ha łkap km̓ sn̓lkapítn̓ ? may̓xít. 8. kʷ ła cq̓ʷliwm̓t st̓xałq, kʷ ła łsəx̌ʷtilx tl̓ wist ha kʷ q̓ʷy̓q̓ʷʕay̓kst uł asplim̓cn̓ t̓iʔ q̓ʷʕay̓ ? səxkinx? səxkinx uł lut ? 9. ła cxʷk̓ʷstixʷ iʔ st̓xałq ascq̓ʷlíw̓, ha n̓pkʷitkʷn̓txʷ iʔ l̓ siw̓łkʷ uł c̓iw̓n̓txʷ km̓px̌ʷm̓stixʷ l̓ latáp uł n̓xʷk̓ʷiw̓sn̓t ? səxkinx ? may̓xít. 10. kʷ ła cq̓ʷliwm̓ t st̓xałq, ha qʷay̓ cwikstxʷ iʔ skm̓xist ? s əxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 11. swit aksmʔíkstmnm̓ł ə x̌lap ? swit ksmʔikstm̓n̓ts ? may̓xít. 12. swit niʕ̓áy̓p cmʔikstm̓stxʷ ? swit niʕ̓áy̓p cmʔikstm̓stm̓s ? may̓xít. 13. swit iʔ qʷim̓m̓stxʷ t snəqskʕacíw̓s ? swit iʔ qʷim̓m̓stm̓s tsnəqskʕacíw̓s ? may̓xít. 14. kʷ ła cwikm̓t skm̓xist km̓t kiʔláw̓naʔ l̓st̓x əłqiłəml̓x, ha kʷ cləkʷil̓x itlíʔ ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 15. ha cx̌w̓stixʷ iʔ st̓xałq mł kʷumn̓txʷ k̓l̓ ʔistkm̓? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 16. ha ck̓ʷul̓m̓stxʷ iʔ st̓xałq kmiƛ̓mn̓ l̓ an̓n̓k̓ʷsk̓ʷíslaʔxʷ km̓ an̓n̓q̓aʔq̓aʔmíw̓s ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut? 17. stim̓ asx̌w̓x̌w̓us pay̓, st̓xałq pay̓ km̓ łəx̌ʷłax̌ʷ pay̓ ? səxkinx ? may̓xít.

kʷu ła cq̓ʷl̓q̓ʷliw̓m̓ t st̓xałq, taʔlí kʷu ct̓xət̓mist t skm̓xist.

EX: Tarás: ła cq̓ʷl̓q̓ʷliw̓m̓ t st̓xałq Tarás, taʔlí ct̓xət̓mist t skm̓xist.

1. in̓cá: nuyápixcn̓:

2. anwí: nuyápixcn̓:

N̓səl̓xcin̓ 3: An Advanced Course in Colville-Okanagan Salish revised 06/5/17 78

3. anwí naʔł Sipíc̓aʔ: nuyápixcn̓:

4. Tamitíl̓ naʔł sn̓ʔímaʔts: nuyápixcn̓:

B. Point of View Excercise aksck̓ʷúl̓: change the phrase for each new subject, maintaining the same tense. Follow the model. Translate the new phrase to English.

ʕapnáʔ xʷʔit iʔ sqilxʷ csul̓stsəl̓x iʔ st̓xałqsəl̓x.

EX: anwí naʔł in̓cá:ʕ apnáʔ csul̓stm̓i ʔ st̓xałqtət.

1. in̓cá: nuyápixcn̓:

2. anwí: nuyápixcn̓:

3. Q̓ʷitál̓qs: nuyápixcn̓:

4. anwí naʔł Cay̓lxʷ: nuyápixcn̓:

C. Transitive to Transitive Command aksck̓ʷúl̓: change the phrase to a command. Follow the model. Translate the new phrase to English.

EX: iʔ k̓ʷiƛ̓t iʔ sqilxʷ cmár̓wiʔstsəl̓x l̓ sp̓iƛ̓m̓.már̓wi ʔn̓t l̓ sp̓iƛ̓m̓.

1. k̓ʷul̓m̓səl̓x l̓ n̓k̓ʷsk̓ʷíslaʔxʷ. nuyápixcn̓:

2. ctxʷʔaqsm̓sts iʔ st̓xałq. nuyápixcn̓:

3. cx̌w̓stim̓i ʔ st̓xałq. nuyápixcn̓:

4. xʷk̓ʷn̓tim̓i ʔ scq̓ʷliw̓tət. nuyápixcn̓:

5. cq̓ʷliw̓stm̓i ʔ l̓ n̓q̓ʷliw̓m̓n̓tət. nuyápixcn̓:

N̓səl̓xcin̓ 3: An Advanced Course in Colville-Okanagan Salish revised 06/5/17 79

D. Past/Present 36 Verb Box aksck̓ʷúl̓: Complete the box with correct transitive verb/object forms.

ʔaw̓típn̓t- to follow in̓cá anwí cniłc mnim̓łtət mnim̓łəm̓p mnim̓łcəl̓x in̓cá xxx ʔaw̓típn̓tsn̓ ʔaw̓típn̓ xxx ʔaw̓típłəmn̓ ʔaw̓típnəl̓x anwí kʷuʔ xxx ʔaw̓típn̓txʷ kʷuʔ ʔaw̓típn̓txʷ xxx ʔaw̓típn̓txʷəl̓x ʔaw̓típn̓txʷ cniłc kʷuʔ ʔaw̓típs ʔaw̓típn̓ts ʔaw̓típs kʷuʔ ʔaw̓típn̓tm̓ ʔaw̓típłəm̓s ʔaw̓típsəl̓x mnim̓łtət xxx ʔaw̓típn̓tst ʔaw̓típn̓tm̓ xxx ʔaw̓típłəm̓t ʔaw̓típn̓tməl̓x mnim̓łəm̓p kʷuʔ xxx ʔaw̓típn̓tp kʷuʔ ʔaw̓típn̓tp xxx ʔaw̓típn̓tpəl̓x ʔaw̓típn̓tp cniłcəlx kʷuʔ ʔaw̓típn̓tsəl̓x ʔaw̓típsəl̓x kʷuʔ ʔaw̓típłəm̓səl̓x ʔaw̓típn̓tməl̓x ʔaw̓típsəl̓x ʔaw̓típn̓tməl̓x mnim̓łcəl̓x

E. Transitive Verbal Exchanges with Objects aksck̓ʷúl̓: answer the questions with a complete n̓səl̓xcin̓ sentence. Translate the question and your answer to English.

1. swit iʔ ʔaw̓típn̓ts ? (X̌sal̓qs)

2. swit iʔ ʔaw̓típn̓ t spiʔsc̓íłt ? (in̓cá)

3. ha ʔaw̓típłəm̓s Piyarís ? (kiw̓)

4. swit iʔ kʷuʔ ʔaw̓típn̓tm̓ ? (K̓asnú)

5. ha ʔaw̓típn̓tsəl̓x aslx̌láx̌t ? (kiw̓)

6. ha cmistíp səxkinx uł ʔaw̓típłəm̓t ? (lut)

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F. Actual/Habitual 36 Verb Box aksck̓ʷúl̓: Complete the box with correct transitive verb/object forms.

ʔaw̓típn̓t- to follow in̓cá anwí cniłc mnim̓łtət mnim̓łəm̓p mnim̓łcəl̓x in̓cá xxx cʔaw̓típstmn̓ cʔaw̓típstn̓ xxx cʔaw̓típłəmn̓ cʔaw̓típstnəl̓x

anwí kʷuʔ xxx cʔaw̓típstxʷ kʷuʔ xxx cʔaw̓típstxʷəl̓x cʔaw̓típstxʷ cʔaw̓típstxʷ cniłc kʷuʔ cʔaw̓típstm̓s cʔaw̓típsts kʷuʔ cʔaw̓típłəm̓s cʔaw̓típstsəl̓x cʔaw̓típsts cʔaw̓típstm̓ mnim̓łtət xxx cʔaw̓típstm̓t cʔaw̓típstm̓ xxx cʔaw̓típłəm̓t cʔaw̓típstməl̓x

mnim̓łəm̓p kʷuʔ xxx cʔaw̓típstp kʷuʔ cʔaw̓típstp xxx cʔaw̓típstpəl̓x cʔaw̓típstp cniłcəlx kʷuʔ cʔaw̓típstm̓s- cʔaw̓típsts- kʷuʔ cʔaw̓típłəm̓səl̓x cʔaw̓típstməl̓x cʔaw̓típstsəl̓x əl̓x əl̓x cʔaw̓típstməl̓x mnim̓łcəl̓x

G. Transitive Verbal Exchanges with Objects aksck̓ʷúl̓: answer the questions with a complete n̓səl̓xcin̓ sentence. Translate the question and your answer to English.

1. swit aʔ cʔaw̓típstm̓s ? (X̌sal̓qs)

2. swit iʔ cʔaw̓típstn̓ t spiʔsc̓íłt ? (in̓cá)

3. ha cʔaw̓típłəm̓s Piyarís ? (kiw̓)

4. swit iʔ kʷuʔ cʔaw̓típstm̓ ? (K̓asnú)

5. ha cʔaw̓típstm̓səl̓x aslx̌láx̌t ? (kiw̓)

6. ha cmistíp səxkinx uł cʔaw̓típłəm̓t ? (lut)

ck̓ʷul̓m̓stm̓ iʔ sʔaʔúm̓s 1. yxʷtúlaʔxʷ- lowlands example sentences: N̓səl̓xcin̓ 3: An Advanced Course in Colville-Okanagan Salish revised 06/5/17 81

1. iʔ st̓xałq ʔi k̓l̓ wist km̓yxʷtúla ʔxʷ ka cplal̓. (Huckleberry bushes grow in the mountains or lowlands.)

2. c̓łxʷúlaʔxʷ- cold land example sentences: 1. t̓iʔ l̓ c̓łxʷúlaʔxʷ l̓ aʔ ksmik̓ʷt kaʔ cplal̓ iʔ st̓xəłqiłəml̓x. (Huckleberry bushes only grow where it is very cold and snowy.) 2. iʔ k̓l̓ c̓łúlaʔxʷ ilíʔ ksqilxʷ kʷl̓kʷliw̓t. (In the cold land there are some people that live there.) 3. lut t̓a cplal̓ iʔ tkʷr̓kʷriʔs k̓l̓ cłúlaʔxʷ. (The oranges don't grow in the cold land.)

3. xʷʔusm̓- many example sentences: 1. xʷʔusm̓i ʔ st̓xəłqiłəml̓x. (There many different kinds of huckleberry bushes.) 2. xʷʔusm̓iʔ siʔíłəml̓x. (There are a lot of different varieties of saskatoons.) 3. xʷʔusm̓aʔ cmistís iʔ n̓qʷl̓qʷil̓tn. (She knows lots of different languages.)

4. kcəcmus- small berries example sentences: 1. iʔ k̓ʷiƛ̓t kcəcmus uł yus km̓tq̓ʷy̓q̓ʷ ʕay̓s. (Others are small and very purple or black.) 2. lut in̓x̌mín̓k iksq̓ʷlíw̓m, miyáł kcəcmus. (I don't want to pick there. They're to small.) 3. uł ikstím̓ixíʔ, cəckíwaʔt, kwsxnups uł kcəcmus. (And what do I want with that one, he's skinny, has a long tail, and small eyes.) 4. ła claʔkín̓ iʔ st̓xałq txʷʔit uł kp̓əsƛ̓ʔus km̓tk̓ʷək̓ʷínaʔt uł kcəcmus. (Sometimes the hucklberries have lots of big berries or not to many and have small berries.)

5. ct̓qʷt̓aqʷ- bushes example sentences: 1. iʔ l̓ aʔ ct̓qʷt̓aqʷ kiʔ əckʕ̓acʕacús. (They hang on the bushes.) 2. ha wikn̓txʷ ilíʔ aʔ ct̓ət̓qʷt̓aqʷ. (Did you see those little bushes?) 3. k̓ałʔípm̓s aʔ ct̓ət̓aqʷ ilíʔ kaʔ ct̓ak̓ʷ. (It's laying on the other side of that little bush.)

6. ckʕ̓acʕacús- hanging berries / hanging round things example sentences: 1. iʔ l̓ aʔ ct̓qʷt̓aqʷ kiʔ əckʕ̓acʕacús. (They hang on the bushes.) 2. putíʔ ckʕ̓acʕác iʔ st̓xałq. ( theres still berries hanging on the huckleberry bushes) 3. way k̓ík̓əm̓mi məqʷáqʷ uł putiʔ ckʕ̓acaʕcús iʔ apl̓s. ( its almost snowing and the apples are still haning on the trees)

7. q̓ʷʔuc- get fat reduplication: q̓ʷaq̓ʷʔúc example sentences:

N̓səl̓xcin̓ 3: An Advanced Course in Colville-Okanagan Salish revised 06/5/17 82

1. tl̓ skt̓əxt̓xusts iʔ st̓xałq cq̓ʷʔuc iʔ skm̓xist ła c̓iłsts. (Since hucklberries are sweet, bears get fat eating them.) 2. ha q̓ʷaq̓ʷʔúc an̓kʷukʷús. (Did your pigs fatten̓ up?) 3. q̓ʷʔuc áłiʔ tətúqʷ sn̓kłmutn̓ patáq. (She got fat because she's a couch potato.)

8. ctxʷʔaqsm̓st / txʷʔaqsmn̓t- eat a lot of something example sentences: 1. ła ctxʷʔaqsm̓sts iʔ st̓xałq, ła cp̓c̓ʕam̓t̓iʔ yus uł xʷʔit iʔ sc̓ʕal̓qn̓. (After bears eat lots of huckleberries, their poop is purple and has a lot of seeds.) 2. txʷaʔáqsmn̓txʷ iʔ sp̓y̓qałq uł kʷ n̓q̓iln̓k. (If you eat too much fruit you will get a belly ache.) 3. lut miyáł akstxʷaʔáqsmnm̓ iʔ stim̓c m̓n̓k̓stmín̓txʷ. (Don't eat too much of anything or it might be bad for you.)

9. səx̌ʷtilx- come down̓ / go down example sentences: 1. ła łsəx̌ʷtilx aʔ cq̓ʷl̓q̓ʷliw̓m̓ tl̓ wist iʔ sqilxʷ t̓iʔ q̓ʷy̓q̓ʷʕay̓kst uł iʔ splim̓cn̓s t̓iʔ q̓ʷʕay̓ ! (When people come down̓ from the mountains they have purple hands and have purple lips!) 2. k̓aʔáym̓uł csəx̌ʷtil̓əl̓x iʔ st̓mʕal̓t. (In the fall the cattle come down̓ from the mountains.) 3. ha səx̌ʷtilx asnqsílxʷ tl̓ pʕa kəkwap n̓ʔaʔúkʷmn̓ ? (Did your relatives get off the greyhound bus?)

10. q̓ʷyq̓ʷʕay̓kst- blackened / darkened fingers example sentences: 1. ła łsəx̌ʷtilx aʔ cq̓ʷl̓q̓ʷliw̓m̓ tl̓ wist iʔ sqilxʷ t̓iʔ q̓ʷy̓q̓ʷʕay̓kst uł iʔ splim̓cn̓s ʔt̓i q̓ʷʕay̓ ! (When people come down̓ from the mountains they have purple hands and have purple lips!) 2. x̌stmiłtsn̓ aspíkst. t̓iʔ kʷ qʷy̓qʷʕay̓kst. (I like your gloves you have blue hands.) 3. tmaxʷ an̓tqʷy̓qʷʕay̓. (Your jeans are worn̓ out.)

11. qʷim̓m̓st- startle someone / something example sentences: 1. nax̌m̓ł lut aksqʷím̓m̓stm̓. (But don't startle them.) 2. ha kʷ qʷim̓m̓łə t̓qʷəqʷiqʷ. (Did you get startled when the shot rang out?) 3. t̓iʔ xkiknm̓iʔ stim̓uł cqʷim̓m̓in̓kwáp. (Any little thing and my horse gets startled.)

12. pay̓ lkalát- pie crust example sentences: 1. k̓ʷul̓mn̓txʷ iʔ asx̌w̓x̌w̓ʔús iʔ pay̓ lkalát łə kłn̓utmín̓s iʔ st̓xałq. (Use your favorite pie crust to put the huckleberries in.) 2. kn̓ ła ck̓ʷul̓m̓ t pay̓ lkalát c̓k̓ʷc̓uk̓ʷ c̓x̌ił t lasyát. (When I make pie crust they're stiff like dinner plates.) 3. isn̓ʔímaʔt x̌əsx̌sikst l̓ sk̓ʷul̓m̓ t pay̓ lkalát. n̓cəcpcúplaʔxʷ. (My grandaughter makes good pie crusts. They're flaky.)

N̓səl̓xcin̓ 3: An Advanced Course in Colville-Okanagan Salish revised 06/5/17 83

10. skm̓km̓xist sʔaʔúm̓s tq̓ʷʕáyc̓aʔ black fur kp̓um̓qs brown muzzle kp̓úm̓c̓aʔ brown fur ktpax̌ʷc̓k̓ white on chest sql̓tm̓xʷsqáx̌aʔ male animal sx̌əpx̌ípaʔ big male bear sqʷm̓pus length / long length tkəłmlxʷsqáx̌aʔ female animal kʷl̓úlaʔxʷ warm land syil̓xʷúlaʔxʷ Salish land m̓ʕámlaʔ grub cn̓ʕastwílx become heavy tkəłmlxʷskm̓xist female bear sl̓l̓stwixʷ mate q̓ʷuctwílx become fat syxʷmus February x̌in̓t miscarry n̓kaʔłl̓míl̓t three kids/triplets txʷaʔxʷʔíl̓t a lot of children kʷl̓kʷl̓alxʷ cubs cn̓mq̓ʷikn̓ hump on the back smy̓may̓ iʔ skm̓km̓xist tq̓ʷʕáyc̓aʔ uł kp̓um̓qs, nax̌m̓ł iʔ k̓ʷiƛ̓t iʔ black fur; brown skm̓xist kp̓úmc̓aʔ. iʔ k̓ʷiƛ̓t skm̓km̓xist cktpax̌ʷc̓k̓. iʔ skm̓km̓xist muzzle; brown fur; kcəcmínaʔ uł kt̓ət̓q̓ʷúpaʔs, uł naqs scʕawíkst iʔ q̓ʷx̌ʷqin̓xn̓s. ła white on chest ctiłx ckmusxn̓, iʔ skm̓xist ʔakswíx kaʔłís sc̓uʔxán̓ l̓ tk̓m̓sax̌n̓s.ʔ i ƛ̓x̌ap iʔ sql̓tm̓xʷsqáx̌aʔ t skm̓xist,sx̌ əpx̌ípaʔ iʔ skʷists. tl̓ male animal sp̓saqsts uł k̓l̓ syupsts k̓l̓ mus km̓ t̓aq̓m̓kst sc̓uʔxán̓ iʔ big male bear ksqʷm̓pusts. iʔ tkəłmilxʷ ixíʔ misk̓ʷək̓ʷyúmaʔ kiʔ tl̓ sql̓tmixʷ. ʔi long length sx̌px̌ípaʔ k̓l̓ ʔasíl̓ x̌cəcikst iʔ ksnʕasts uł iʔ tkəłmlxʷsqáx̌aʔ k̓l̓ naqs x̌cəcikst uł tx̌ʷiw̓s iʔ ksnʕasts. iʔ misłáqʷłəqʷt skm̓xist ʔi female animal

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scwiksəl̓x k̓l̓ sk̓ʷƛ̓ptan̓ tl̓ syilx tm̓xʷúlaʔxʷ; k̓l̓ t̓aq̓m̓kstə x̌c cikst iʔ snʕasts. iʔ k̓ʷiƛ̓t skm̓km̓xist k̓l̓ sʔaw̓tím̓tkx ʔilí niʕ̓áy̓p kʷl̓úlaʔxʷ lut warm land t̓a cʔatxílx ła cʔistkm̓. l̓ syil̓xʷúlaʔxʷ iʔ skm̓xist ksʔitxs ła syilx lands cʔistkm̓. áłiʔ lut t̓a c̓iłn̓ ła cʔatxílx, iʔ skm̓km̓xist ctxʷʔaqs t̓sxʷuy̓s tl̓ qipc, scaʔáqʷ uł k̓aʔáym̓. iʔ skm̓km̓xist xʷuʔúsm̓ iʔ continuously sʔiłn̓s. əcʔiłstsəl̓x ʔi q̓íp̓xʷaʔ, m̓ʕámlaʔ, uł ʔakʷʔakʷtílx. uł nixʷ grub ckacxcínəl̓x t aʔ cƛ̓axʷt iʔ tmixʷ uł nixʷ cpix̌stsəl̓x iʔ cəcámaʔt iʔ tmixʷ naʔł qaqxʷl̓x. k̓ʷəck̓ʷact l̓ stk̓iwl̓xʔ i skm̓km̓xist uł cn̓kacxíl̓t t ʔaʔúsaʔ uł nixʷ iʔ pəpʕaspəs. sisyús l̓ sk̓ram̓ uł ckʷn̓nustsəl̓x ʔi stun̓x naʔł sʕ̓aníxʷ. iʔ skm̓km̓xist c̓iłstəl̓x xʷʔit iʔ sp̓y̓qałq naʔł st̓xałq. iʔ st̓xałq taʔlí kt̓əxt̓xus itlíʔ cq̓ʷʔuc iʔ skm̓xist k̓l̓ sʔistkm̓. ła caʔáqʷm̓ qʷay̓qʷy̓tʔ i sʔiłn̓s iʔ skm̓xist, xʷʔus ła cnʕastwíl̓x mat k̓l̓ kaʔłlʔúpn̓kst iʔ ksnʕastwíl̓xs l̓ naqs become heavy skʕacíw̓s. iʔ skm̓km̓xistckxst is iʔ tum̓tm̓s mat k̓l̓ ʔasl̓spín̓tk uł itlíʔ t̓iʔ knaqs. iʔ tkəłmlxʷłskm̓xist ckxstis iʔ sx̌px̌ípaʔ put pn̓kin̓ x̌min̓km̓ female bear sl̓l̓stwixʷ. iʔ skm̓km̓xist əcsl̓l̓stwixʷ l̓ ksíyaʔtn̓, kmiktúʔtn̓ km̓ mate kłəx̌ʷłəx̌ʷtan̓ pn̓kin̓ ła cxʷʔit iʔ sʔiłn̓s. łə k̓aʔáym̓i ʔ sql̓ql̓tmixʷ naʔł smam̓ʔím̓ skm̓km̓xist ƛ̓aʔƛ̓aʔám̓ t ksn̓pul̓xtn̓s, uł ilíʔ ʔatxílxəl̓x əł ʔistkm̓. iʔ skm̓xist ck̓ʷl̓k̓ʷul̓l̓ tx̌ʷiw̓sʔ i sʔistkm̓, l̓ sq̓ʷsus km̓ syxʷmus, pútiʔ ła cʔatxílx ʔi tum̓m̓tm̓. ʔ ca kʷ lut łə q̓ʷuctwíl̓x iʔ February; become skm̓xist əł ʔitx, ixíʔ uł x̌in̓t. lut ksk̓ʷl̓k̓ʷl̓il̓ts. łə put iʔ sq̓ʷucts ʔi fat; miscarry tum̓tm̓uł k̓ʷl̓k̓ʷl̓il̓t.ʔ ta lí əc cámaʔt. cknm̓nm̓qin̓ uł lut t̓a kspum̓t. l̓ syil̓xʷúlaʔxʷ iʔ skm̓xist naqs km̓ʔ asíl̓i ʔ ksk̓ʷl̓il̓ts. ła claʔkín̓ n̓kaʔłl̓míl̓t. laʔkín̓ qʷay̓qʷy̓tʔ i sʔiłn̓s uł k̓l̓ mus km̓ cil̓kst three kids/triplets iʔ kstxʷaʔxʷʔíl̓ts. a lot of children ła ck̓ʷl̓k̓ʷul̓l̓, cəcámaʔt iʔ kʷl̓kʷl̓alxʷ mat k̓l̓ naqs iʔ cubs ksnʕasts, nax̌m̓ł niʕ̓áy̓p cƛ̓x̌ap áłiʔ cqʔim̓ tl̓ tum̓tm̓s uł qipcm̓. qipcm̓uł cʔácəcqaʔ iʔ skm̓km̓xistʔ i kʷl̓kʷl̓alxʷ k̓l̓ ʔupn̓kst iʔ ksnʕasts. iʔ kʷl̓kʷl̓alxʷ cqaʔmíl̓tm̓ k̓l̓ sisp̓l̓k̓m̓ k tim̓ł x̌iyáłnxʷ ilíʔ mipnús ʔi sʔiłn̓ t xiʔmíx stim̓. iʔ kʷl̓kʷl̓alxʷ cʔaw̓típstsʔ i tum̓tm̓s cmipn̓wíłn̓ k̓l̓ naqs km̓ ʔasl̓spín̓tk ʔixí sic łəwis. itlíʔ iʔ tum̓tm̓ skm̓xist łƛ̓aʔƛ̓aʔám̓ n̓tk̓ʷil̓tm̓ uł itlíʔ k̓ʷul̓st sic ʔta xʷłkʷl̓kʷl̓ál̓xʷ. ha cmistíxʷ c̓kin̓ iʔ st̓ixʷlm̓s tl̓ skm̓xist kiʔ tl̓ kiʔláw̓naʔ ? N̓səl̓xcin̓ 3: An Advanced Course in Colville-Okanagan Salish revised 06/5/17 85

cmq̓ʷikn̓ iʔ kiʔláw̓naʔ uł miswísxn̓i ʔ q̓ʷx̌qin̓ksts. p̓ísƛ̓aʔt iʔ kiʔláw̓naʔ kiʔ tl̓ skm̓km̓xist. mist̓ət̓áq̓aʔt iʔ skm̓km̓xistʔ i spum̓ts hump on back kiʔ tl̓ kiʔláw̓naʔ. sn̓súxʷnaʔ sw̓łtiłn̓ 1. c̓aknílxʷ iʔ skm̓km̓xist ? 2. c̓kin̓ iʔ skm̓xist ʔi t̓n̓t̓ínaʔs naʔł syupsts ? 3. c̓kin̓ iʔ swisxn̓s iʔ q̓ʷx̌ʷqin̓xn̓s iʔ skm̓xist ? 4. ła ctiłx ckmusxn̓, c̓kin̓ iʔ st̓ik̓ʷl̓qs iʔ skm̓xist ? 5. stim̓ ʔi skʷists iʔ ƛ̓x̌ap iʔ sql̓tm̓xʷsqáx̌aʔ skm̓xist ? 6. c̓kin̓ iʔ ksqʷm̓pusts iʔ skm̓xist ? 7. c̓kin̓ iʔ ksnʕasts iʔ skm̓xist ? 8. k̓ʷinx iʔ ksnʕasts iʔ misłáqʷłəqʷt skm̓xist ? 9. ha yʕat iʔ km̓xist cʔatxílx ła cʔistm̓ ? 10. səxkinx uł iʔ skm̓xist ctxʷʔaqs t̓sxʷuy̓s tl̓ qipc, scaʔáqʷ uł k̓aʔáym̓ ? 11. stim̓ ʔa c̓iłsts ʔi skm̓km̓xist ? 12. stim̓ ʔa cpix̌sts ʔi skm̓km̓xist ? 13. stim̓ ʔi kskacxcín̓s iʔ skm̓xist áłiʔ tl̓ sk̓ʷəck̓ʷacts l̓ stk̓iwl̓x ? 14. stim̓ ʔa ckʷn̓nusts iʔ skm̓xist áłiʔ sisyús ła ck̓ram̓ ? 15. səxkinx uł taʔlí c̓iłstm̓ iʔ stxałq t skm̓xist ? 16. k̓ʷinx iʔ ksnʕastwíl̓xsʔ i skm̓xist ła caʔáqʷm̓ qʷay̓qʷy̓t iʔ sʔiłn̓s ? 17. k̓ʷnxspin̓tk iʔ skm̓xist ckxstis iʔ tum̓tm̓s ? 18. put pn̓kin̓ iʔ tkəłmlxʷskm̓xist ckxstis iʔ sx̌px̌ípaʔ ? 19. pn̓kin̓ əcsl̓l̓stwixʷ iʔ skm̓km̓xist ?s əxkinx ? 20. stim̓ ʔi cƛ̓aʔƛ̓aʔstís ʔi skm̓xist əł k̓aʔáym̓ ? 21. pnkin̓ aʔ ck̓ʷl̓k̓ʷul̓l̓ iʔ skm̓xist ? 22. əxkistm̓ mi lut łə q̓ʷuctwíl̓x iʔ tum̓tm̓ skm̓xist ? 23. əxkinm̓ łə put iʔ sq̓ʷucts ʔi tum̓tm̓ skm̓xist ? 24. c̓kin̓ iʔ skəkm̓xísaʔt ła ck̓ʷl̓k̓ʷul̓l̓ ? 25. tk̓ʷn̓k̓ʷn̓xil̓t iʔ ksk̓ʷl̓il̓ts iʔ skm̓xist l̓ syilxʷúlaʔx ? 26. tk̓ʷn̓k̓ʷn̓xil̓t iʔ ksk̓ʷl̓il̓ts iʔ skm̓xist laʔkín̓ qʷay̓qʷy̓t iʔ sʔiłn̓s ? 27. stim̓ ʔa c̓um̓stm̓ iʔ skm̓xist ʔi sqʷsqʷasíʔaʔs ? 28. k̓ʷinx iʔ ksnʕasts iʔ kʷl̓kʷl̓alxʷ ła ck̓ʷl̓k̓ʷul̓l̓ ? 29. k̓ʷinx iʔ ksnʕasts iʔ kʷl̓kʷl̓alxʷ l̓ sqipc ła cʔácqaʔ tl̓ słəx̌ʷiłxʷs naʔł tum̓tm̓s ? 30. k̓ʷinx x̌iyáłnxʷ əcqaʔmíl̓tm̓ʔ i kʷl̓kl̓alxʷ ? 31. k̓ʷnxspin̓tk kaʔ cʔaw̓tipsts ʔi tum̓tm̓s iʔ kʷl̓kʷl̓alxʷ ? 32. ła łəwists iʔ sʔasl̓spín̓tk kʷl̓kʷl̓alxʷs, stim̓ aʔ c̓kists iʔ tum̓tm̓ skm̓xist ? 33. c̓kin̓ uł t̓ixʷlm̓ iʔ skm̓xist kiʔ tl̓ kiʔláw̓na ?

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an̓cáw̓t sw̓łtiłn̓ 1. kʷ łə sk̓ʷək̓ʷiml̓t, ha kʷ kłkəkwápaʔ ? ha an̓kəkwápaʔ tq̓ʷʕáy̓c̓aʔ km̓kp̓úm̓ c̓aʔ. ha ktpax̌ʷc̓k̓ ? may̓xít. 2. ha kʷ kcəcmínaʔ km̓kp̓sƛ̓ína ʔ ? c̓kn̓kin̓ iʔ t̓n̓t̓ínaʔs ask̓ʷíƛ̓tm̓? may̓xít. 3. c̓kin̓ iʔ qʷm̓pusts an̓p̓úy̓xn̓ ? ha taʔlí wisxn̓ ha km̓t̓ ət̓áqaʔt ? may̓xít. 4. l̓ asnəqsílxʷ, ha iʔ smam̓ʔím̓misp̓ísƛ̓a ʔt kiʔ tl̓ sql̓ql̓tmixʷ ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 5. ha an̓misx̌ást iʔ kʷl̓úlaʔxʷ km̓ iʔ c̓łtúlaʔxʷ ? səxkinx ? may̓xít. 6. ha kʷ ctxʷʔaqs t̓sxʷuy̓s l̓ skłəʔaʔ ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 7. ha xʷuʔúsm̓ asʔíłn̓ ? ha c̓iłstxʷ iʔ q̓íp̓xʷaʔ, mʕámlaʔ naʔł ʔakʷʔakʷtílx ? may̓xít. 8. p łə scəcmálaʔ, ha p k̓ʷcəck̓ʷact l̓ stk̓iwl̓x anwí naʔł ask̓ʷíƛ̓tm̓? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? may̓xít. 9. ha kʷ sisyús l̓ sk̓ram̓ ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 10. ha c̓iłstxʷ xʷʔit iʔ sp̓y̓qałq naʔł sk̓ʷan̓łq ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 11. łə sʔistkm̓, ha kʷ cnʕastwíl̓x ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 12. kʷ łə k̓aw̓sq̓ʷlíwm̓t st̓xałq, swit iʔ ckxstum̓s ? may̓xít. 13. kʷ k̓ʷnxspin̓tk uł cxʔit an̓x̌mín̓k akssl̓l̓stwíxʷ ? may̓xít. 14. stim̓a ʔ c̓kistxʷ łə syxʷmus ? may̓xít. 15. ha x̌in̓t swit l̓ asnəqsílxʷ ? may̓xít. 16. ha n̓kaʔłl̓míl̓t l̓ asnəqsílxʷ ? may̓xít. 17. ha txʷaʔxʷʔíl̓t l̓ asnəqsílxʷ ? ha txʷaʔxʷʔít ask̓ʷíƛ̓tm̓ ? may̓xít. 18. ha iʔ scəcmálaʔ l̓ asnəqsílxʷ cqʔim̓tl̓ tum̓s km̓sk̓ʷuy̓s km̓ əkłkm̓kámaʔ (laputáy̓) ? mayxít. 19. swit iʔ cʔaw̓típstm̓s ? swit iʔ cʔaw̓típstxʷ ? may̓xít. 20. c̓kin̓ iʔ st̓ixʷlm̓s asnəqsílxʷ kiʔ tl̓ k̓ʷiƛ̓tʔ i sqilxʷ ? may̓xít. skłʔiy̓sm̓ t x̌ilm̓s ʔaʔúm̓s A. Point of View Excercise aksck̓ʷúl̓: change the phrase for each new subject, maintaining the same tense. Follow the model. Translate the new phrase to English.

iʔ skm̓xistks ʔitxs ła cʔistkm̓.

EX: in̓cá: iksʔítx ła cʔistkm̓.

1. anwí: nuyápixcn̓:

2. in̓cá naʔł anwí: nuyápixcn̓:

3. anwí naʔł Ml̓qnups: nuyápixcn̓:

4. ʕAtál̓ naʔł qánaʔs: nuyápixcn̓:

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B. Point of View Excercise aksck̓ʷúl̓: change the phrase for each new subject and object, maintaining the same tense. Follow the model. Translate the new phrase to English.

cpix̌stsəl̓x iʔ cəcámaʔt iʔ tmixʷ.

EX: anwí naʔł Pitál̓ / scmíłc̓aʔ: cpix̌stp iʔ scmíłcaʔ.

1. in̓cá / pwal̓xkn̓: nuyápixcn̓:

2. anwí / st̓úłc̓aʔ: nuyápixcn̓:

3. Qʷy̓qʷʕay̓l̓qs / q̓ʷłtm̓in: nuyápixcn̓:

4. anwí naʔł in̓cá / spəqpáqłc̓aʔ: nuyápixcn̓:

C. Transitive to Plural Transitive Command aksck̓ʷúl̓: change the phrase to a command. Follow the model. Translate the new phrase to English.

EX: c̓iłstəl̓x xʷʔit iʔ sp̓y̓qałq ʔiłn̓tp / ʔíłn̓ti iʔ sp̓y̓qałq.

1. ckxstis iʔ tum̓tm̓s. nuyápixcn̓:

2. iʔ kʷl̓kʷl̓alxʷ cʔaw̓típsts iʔ tum̓tm̓s. nuyápixcn̓:

3. ʔasl̓spín̓tk ixíʔ sic łəwis. nuyápixcn̓:

4. cpix̌stsəl̓x iʔ cəcámaʔt iʔ tmixʷ. nuyápixcn̓:

5. ckʷn̓nustsəl̓x iʔ stun̓x. nuyápixcn̓:

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D. Past/Present 36 Verb Box aksck̓ʷúl̓: Complete the box with correct transitive verb/object forms. kxn̓tim̓- to accompany

in̓cá anwí cniłc mnim̓łtət mnim̓łəm̓p mnim̓łcəl̓x in̓cá xxx kxn̓tsin̓ kxn̓tin̓ xxx kəxłulmn̓ kxn̓tinəl̓x anwí kʷuʔ kxn̓tixʷ xxx kxn̓tixʷ kʷuʔ kxn̓tixʷ xxx kxn̓tixʷəl̓x cniłc kʷuʔ kxn̓tis kxn̓tsis kxn̓tis kʷuʔ kxn̓tim̓ kxłulm̓s kxn̓tisəl̓x mnim̓łtət xxx kxn̓tsit kxn̓tim xxx kxłulm̓t kxn̓timəl̓x mnim̓łəm̓p kʷuʔ kxn̓tip xxx kxn̓tip kʷuʔ kxn̓tip xxx kxn̓tipəl̓x cniłcəlx kʷuʔ kxn̓tisəl̓x kxn̓tsisəl̓x kxn̓tisəl̓x kʷuʔ kxn̓timəl̓x kxłulm̓səl̓x kxn̓timəl̓x mnim̓łcəl̓x

E. Transitive Verbal Exchanges with Objects aksck̓ʷúl̓: answer the questions with a complete n̓səl̓xcin̓ sentence. Translate the question and your answer to English.

1. swit iʔ kxłulm̓s ? (slx̌lax̌t)

2. swit iʔ kxn̓tixʷ t skłəʔaʔ ? (anwí)

3. ha kxłulm̓s iʔ sk̓ʷuy̓səl̓x ? (kiw̓)

4. ha n̓łiptmn̓txʷ uł kxn̓tsin̓ t spiʔsc̓íłt ? (lut)

5. ha kxn̓tsis ask̓ʷíƛ̓tm̓? (kíwa)

6. ha kʷuʔ kxn̓tim̓i ʔ səxʷk̓tipm̓? (lut)

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F. Actual/Habitual 36 Verb Box aksck̓ʷúl̓: Complete the box with correct transitive verb/object forms. ckxstim̓- to follow in̓cá anwí cniłc mnim̓łtət mnim̓łəm̓p mnim̓łcəl̓x in̓cá xxx ckxstumn̓ ckxstin̓ xxx ckəxłulmn̓ ckxstinəl̓x anwí kʷuʔ ckxstixʷ xxx ckxstixʷ kʷuʔ ckxstixʷ xxx ckxstixʷəl̓x cniłc kʷuʔ ckxstis ckxstum̓s ckxstis kʷuʔ ckxstim̓ ckxłulm̓s ckxstisəl̓x mnim̓łtət xxx ckxstum̓t ckxstim̓ xxx ckxłulm̓t ckxstiməl̓x mnim̓łəm̓p kʷuʔ ckxstip xxx ckxstip kʷuʔ ckxstip xxx ckxstipəl̓x cniłcəlx kʷuʔ ckxstum̓səl̓x ckxstisəl̓x kʷuʔ ckxstiməl̓x ckxłulm̓səl̓x ckxstiməl̓x ckxstisəl̓x mnim̓łcəl̓x

G. Transitive Verbal Exchanges with Objects aksck̓ʷúl̓: answer the questions with a complete n̓səl̓xcin̓ sentence. Translate the question and your answer to English.

1. swit aʔ ckxstum̓s ? (X̌sal̓qs)

2. swit iʔ ckxstumn̓ t spiʔsc̓íłt ? (in̓cá)

3. ha ckxłulm̓s Piyarís ? (kíwa)

4. swit iʔ kʷuʔ ckxstim̓? (K̓asnú)

5. ha ckxstum̓səl̓x aslx̌láx̌t ?(kiw̓)

6. ha cmistíp səxkinx uł ckxłulm̓t ? (lut)

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ck̓ʷul̓m̓stm̓ iʔ sʔaʔúm̓s 1. tq̓ʷʕáyc̓aʔ- black fur example sentences: 1. iʔ skm̓km̓xist tq̓ʷʕáyc̓aʔ uł kp̓um̓qs, nax̌m̓ł iʔ k̓ʷiƛ̓t iʔ skm̓xist kp̓úmc̓aʔ. (Black bears have black fur with a brown muzzle, but some black bears have brown fur.) 2. q̓ʷy̓q̓ʷʕay̓ iʔ skm̓km̓xist. (The bears are black.) 3. kʷ łə t̓qʷal̓qsm̓ t skm̓xlnícaʔ uł kʷ tq̓ʷʕay̓c̓aʔ. (When you make clothing out of bear skin̓ then youll be in black.)

2. kp̓um̓qs- brown muzzle / brown nose example sentences: 1. iʔ skm̓km̓xist tq̓ʷʕáyc̓aʔ uł kp̓um̓qs, nax̌m̓ł iʔ k̓ʷiƛ̓t iʔ skm̓xist kp̓úmc̓aʔ. (Black bears have black fur with a brown muzzle, but some black bears have brown fur.) 2. iʔ sqilxʷ ła cn̓sum̓psm̓ t̓iʔ kp̓m̓p̓um̓qs. (When the people brown nose their noses turn̓ brown.) 3. in̓kwáp cq̓iʔílxʷ ułkp̓um̓qs. (My horse is a paint and his nose is brown.)

3. kp̓úmc̓aʔ- brown fur example sentences: 1. iʔ skm̓km̓xist tq̓ʷʕáyc̓aʔ uł kp̓um̓qs, nax̌m̓ł iʔ k̓ʷiƛ̓t iʔ skm̓xist kp̓úmc̓aʔ. (Black bears have black fur with a brown muzzle, but some black bears have brown fur.) 2. ixíʔ t sámaʔ kp̓úmc̓aʔ. (That whiteman̓ has brown fur.) 3. sl̓min̓ in̓pús. ha wikn̓txʷ ? t̓iʔ kp̓úm̓c̓aʔ. (I lost my cat. Did you see it? It's brown.)

4. ktpax̌ʷc̓k̓- white on chest example sentences: 1. iʔ k̓ʷiƛ̓t skm̓km̓xist cktpax̌ʷc̓k̓. (Some black bears have a white spot on their chest.) 2. iʔ k̓awʔíwl̓x iʔ sm̓sámaʔ cpəqpəqmáyaʔqn̓ uł iʔ sql̓ql̓tmixʷ ctəptpax̌ʷc̓k̓. (The old white people have grey hair, and the men have white hair on their chests.) 3. ha mat cn̓pax̌ʷúps. (I wonder if they get white hairs on their bottoms.)

5. sql̓tm̓xʷsqáx̌aʔ- male animal example sentences: 1. iʔ ƛ̓x̌ap iʔ sql̓tm̓xʷsqáx̌aʔ t skm̓xist, sx̌əpx̌ípaʔ iʔ skʷists, tl̓ sp̓saqsts uł k̓l̓ syupsts k̓l̓ mus km̓ t̓aq̓m̓kst sc̓uʔxán̓ iʔ ksqʷm̓pusts. (A full grown̓ male black bear, called a sx̌px̌ípaʔ, will be between̓ four and six feet long from nose to tail.) 2. aláʔ naqs iʔ sql̓tm̓xʷsqáx̌aʔ. n̓ml̓k̓ʷápaʔst. uł taʔlí ctxət̓stís iʔ sm̓úm̓cxn̓s. qixʷs yʕat iʔ sqəql̓ql̓tm̓xʷsqáx̌aʔ. (There is one male horse here. A stud. Hereally watches over his mares. He will chase all the little studs away.) 3. iʔ k̓ʷiƛ̓t iʔ sql̓ql̓tmixʷ c̓x̌ił t sql̓tm̓xʷsqáx̌aʔ. ck̓łyix̌stís iʔ smamʔím. (Some men are like the studs. They guard their women from other men.)

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6. sx̌əpx̌ípaʔ- full grown̓ male black bear example sentences: 1. iʔ ƛ̓x̌ap iʔ sql̓tm̓xʷsqáx̌aʔ t skm̓xist, sx̌əpx̌ípaʔ iʔ skʷists, tl̓ sp̓saqsts uł k̓l̓ syupsts k̓l̓ mus km̓ t̓aq̓m̓kst sc̓uʔxán̓ iʔ ksqʷm̓pusts. (A full grown̓ male black bear, called a sx̌px̌ípaʔ, will be between̓ four and six feet long from nose to tail.) 2. n̓x̌lutm̓iʔ sx̌əpx̌ípaʔ ła cʕ̓ay̓m̓t. (A full grown̓ male black bear is a frightning sight.) 3. ła cxʔítiʔ ła cxʷt̓ílx iʔ sx̌əpx̌ípaʔ taʔlí ckiw̓t. When ( the big bear first wakes and gets up he is very skinny.)

7. sqʷm̓pus- long length example sentences: 1. iʔ ƛ̓x̌ap iʔ sql̓tm̓xʷsqáx̌aʔ t skm̓xist, sx̌əpx̌ípaʔ iʔ skʷists, tl̓ sp̓saqsts uł k̓l̓ syupsts k̓l̓ mus km̓ t̓aq̓m̓kst sc̓uʔxán̓ iʔ ksqʷm̓pusts. (A full grown̓ male black bear, called a sx̌px̌ípaʔ, will be between̓ four and six feet long from nose to tail.) 2. qʷm̓pus iʔ straps iʔ str̓ar. (The string unraveled a long ways.) 3. iʔ scułm̓cqʷm̓pus iʔ spal̓qs ła cx̌min̓km. (The bull has a long penis when his desires are aroused.)

8. tkəłmlxʷsqáx̌aʔ- female animal example sentences: 1. iʔ sx̌px̌ípaʔ k̓l̓ ʔasíl̓ x̌cəcikst iʔ ksnʕasts uł iʔ tkəłmlxʷsqáx̌aʔ k̓l̓ naqs x̌cəcikst uł tx̌ʷiw̓s iʔ ksnʕasts. (Male black bears weigh around 200 pounds, and females weigh about 150 pounds.) 2. iʔ sqilxʷ ła kłst̓mʕal̓t cxʷʔit iʔ tkłmlxʷsqáx̌aʔs. (When people have cattle they want a lot of female animals.) 3. iʔ n̓ml̓k̓ʷápaʔst x̌min̓ks caʔkʷ yʕattkłmxʷsqáx̌aʔ iʔ ksx̌cx̌cuts. (The stud horse wants all of his companions to be female.)

9. kʷl̓úlaʔxʷ- warm land example sentences: 1. iʔ k̓ʷiƛ̓t skm̓km̓xist k̓l̓ sʔawtímtkx ilíʔ niʕ̓áy̓p kʷl̓úlaʔxʷ lut t̓a cʔatxílxła cʔistkm̓. (Some black bears who live to the south where it is always warm do not sleep during the winter.) 2. k̓l̓ sʔawtím̓tkx ckʷl̓kʷl̓úlaʔxʷ. (In the south the lands are warm.) 3. iʔ k̓l̓ kʷl̓úlaʔxʷ kaʔ cplal̓ iʔ tkʷr̓kʷriʔs. In( the warm lands is where the oranges grow.)

10. syil̓xʷúlaʔxʷ- Syilx lands example sentences: 1. l̓ syil̓xʷúlaʔxʷ iʔ skm̓xist ksʔitxs ła cʔistkm̓. (In the Syilx country, black bears go to sleep all winter.) 2. iʔ sámaʔ x̌min̓ks iʔ syil̓xʷúlaʔxʷ. (The whiteman̓ wants the syilx lands.) 3. iʔ l̓ syil̓xʷúlaʔxʷ kiʔ kn̓ mut. (I live on the Syilx land.)

11. mʕámlaʔ- grub / maggot example sentences: 1. əcʔiłstsəl̓x iʔ q̓íp̓xʷaʔ, mʕámlaʔ, uł ʔakʷʔakʷtílx. (They eat nuts, roots, grubs, and insects.)

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2. iʔ w̓sw̓ʕásxaʔ ck̓łnixlm̓sts iʔ mʕámlaʔ. (The robins hear the worms.) 3. iʔ mʕámlaʔ mílaʔs aʔ c̓q̓aq̓ítaʔm̓. (The worms are bait for he fisherman.)

12. nʕastwíl̓x- become heavy example sentences: 1. łaʔ caʔáqʷm̓ qʷay̓qʷy̓t iʔ sʔiłn̓s iʔ skm̓xist, xʷʔus ła cnʕastwíl̓x mat k̓l̓ kaʔłlʔúpn̓kst iʔ snʕastwíl̓x l̓ naqs skaʕcíw̓s. (During the summer, if there is lots of food available, a black bear can gain̓ 30 pounds in just one week.) 2. ha nsnʕast iʔ m̓aʕmlaʔ. (Are the worms heavy?) 3. c̓kin̓ iʔ snʕasts an̓nax̌ʷnx̌ʷ ? (How heavy is your wife?)

13. tkəłmlxʷłskm̓xist- female bear example sentences: 1. iʔ tkəłmlxʷłskm̓xist ckxstis iʔ sx̌px̌ípaʔ put pn̓kin̓ x̌min̓km̓sl̓l̓stwixʷ. (A female black bear will also spend time with a male when she is ready to mate.) 2. an̓nax̌ʷnx̌ʷ c̓x̌ił t tkəłmlxʷłskm̓xist. (Your wife is like a female bear.) 3. ła claʔkín̓ iʔ tkəłmlxʷłskm̓xist ckaʔłlíl̓t. (Sometimes the female bear will have three cubs.)

14. sl̓l̓stwixʷ- mate with each other example sentences: 1. iʔ tkəłmlxʷłskm̓xistckxst is iʔ sx̌px̌ípaʔ put pn̓kin̓ x̌min̓km̓sl̓l̓stwixʷ . (A female black bear will also spend time with a male when she is ready to mate.) 2. ha mat iʔ sqilxʷ cl̓l̓stwíxʷ ? (I wonder if people mate with each other?) 3. yʕat iʔ stim̓csl̓l̓stwixʷ . (Everything mates.)

15. q̓ʷuctwíl̓x- become fat example sentences: 1. caʔkʷ lut łə q̓ʷuctwíl̓x iʔ skm̓xist əł ʔitx, ixíʔ uł x̌in̓t. (If a female black bear does not have enough fat when she goes to sleep, then she miscarries.) 2. miyáł ła ctxʷʔáqsm̓iʔ smam̓ʔím̓uł cq̓ʷəcq̓ʷuctwíl̓x. (When the women eat too much they get fat.) 3. ʔistkm̓uł cəckw̓twil̓x nax̌m̓ł scaʔáqʷm̓uł cq̓ʷuctwíl̓x. (In the winter he gets skinny and in the summer he gets fat again.)

16. x̌in̓t- miscarry example sentences: 1. caʔkʷ lut łə q̓ʷuctwíl̓x iʔ skm̓xist əł ʔitx, ixíʔ uł x̌in̓t. (If a female black bear does not have enough fat when she goes to sleep, then she miscarries.)

17. n̓kaʔłl̓míl̓t- three offspring / three children example sentences: 1. łaʔ claʔkín̓ nkaʔłmíl̓t. (Sometimes they have three cubs.)

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2. ła cn̓kaʔłl̓míl̓t iʔ sqilxʷ taʔlí sck̓ʷul. (When a woman has three babies it's a lot of work.) 3. iʔ sƛ̓aʔcínm̓ła claʔkín̓ cn̓kaʔłl̓míl̓t. (Sometimes the deer will have three fawns.)

18. txʷaʔxʷʔíl̓t- many offspring / many children example sentences: 1. laʔkín̓ qʷay̓qʷy̓t iʔ sʔiłn̓s uł k̓l̓ mus km̓cil̓kst iʔ kstxʷaʔxʷʔíl̓ts. (In other places where there is more food for the black bears, they have four or five cubs all at once.) 2. q̓sápiʔ iʔ sqilxʷ ctxʷaʔxʷíl̓t. (Long ago people used to have a lot of children) 3. iʔ hiw̓t ctxʷaʔxʷíl̓t. (The rat has a lot of babies.)

19. kʷl̓kʷl̓alxʷ- bear cub reduplication: kʷl̓l̓kʷl̓alxʷ example sentences: 1. ła ck̓ʷl̓k̓ʷul̓l̓, cəcámaʔt iʔ kʷl̓kʷl̓alxʷ mat k̓l̓ naqs iʔ ksnʕasts, nax̌m̓ł niʕ̓áy̓p cƛ̓x̌ap áłiʔ cqʔim̓tl̓ tum̓tm̓s uł qipcm̓. (When they are born, the cubs weigh less than one pound, but grow in the den̓ because they drink their mother's milk until spring.) 2. iʔ st̓mʕal̓t ctaʔxʷłkʷl̓kʷl̓alxʷ. (A cow has a calf.) 3. iʔ st̓mʕal̓t iʔ kʷl̓kʷl̓alxʷs taʔxʷskʷíst tl̓ skm̓xist iʔ kʷl̓kʷl̓alxʷs. (The cows calf got its name from the bear cub.)

20. cn̓mq̓ʷikn- hump/bump on the back example sentences: 1. cmq̓ʷikn̓ iʔ kiʔláw̓naʔ uł miswísxn̓ iʔ q̓ʷx̌qin̓ksts. (A grizzly has a hump on its shoulder and has much longer claws.) 2. iʔ k̓ʷiƛ̓t iʔ st̓mʕal̓t cn̓mq̓ʷmq̓ʷikn. (Some cows have a hump on their backs.) 3. inqáqnaʔ k̓ʷək̓ʷiʔmálaʔqʷ ułcn̓mq̓ʷikn, n̓ax̌mł sisyús kawpúy. (My granny was a small built woman and she had a hump on her back, but she was an excellent cowboy.)

N̓səl̓xcin̓ 3: An Advanced Course in Colville-Okanagan Salish revised 06/5/17 94

11. iʔ n̓ty̓tyix sʔaʔúm̓s ʔik̓ʷn̓ fish eggs n̓xƛ̓titkʷ rocks in water sx̌ʷnups fish tail cn̓pum̓tn̓ fish nest t̓xʷ such as/conditional affirmative expression qʷtíx̌ʷaʔ water flea ksl̓íc̓aʔ spots on body kʷəkʷl̓kʷil̓ aʔ ck̓ram̓ shrimp n̓k̓wilx swim̓ in n̓xlak go around in cqʷaylwís school of fish txʷt̓mistm̓ attack kaʔłl̓spín̓tk three years kłql̓tus reach the top k̓in̓k̓n̓t dangerous xʷaʔskʕacíw̓s many weeks kʷaʔkʷaʔáł get red qʷn̓łtwil̓x become green k̓r̓r̓p̓aqsm̓ get a hooked nose ckw̓twil̓x become skinny paqłtm̓ fertilize ʔik̓ʷnm̓ lay fish eggs ql̓x̌ínaʔ salmon milt n̓c̓spitkʷ gone from water n̓k̓stkʷil̓x water go bad k̓łyʕayʕaʔáp stopped/trapped mətxʷn̓cut take too much smy̓may̓ iʔ n̓ty̓tyix wikʷs iʔ ʔik̓ʷn̓s: iʔ n̓ty̓tyix ʔaʔúsaʔs iʔ ʔik̓ʷn̓s l̓ fish eggs n̓łaʔmíps ʔi saʔtítkʷ. k̓líq̓naʔs l̓ n̓xƛ̓titkʷ, ixíʔ uł cwikʷ. nixʷútm̓s rocks in water iʔ ʔik̓ʷn̓ ilíʔ iʔ n̓ty̓tyix ck̓ʷul̓l̓. ilíʔ way̓uł łəwin̓tm̓ t tum̓tm̓s. ʔ i N̓səl̓xcin̓ 3: An Advanced Course in Colville-Okanagan Salish revised 06/5/17 95

cəcámaʔt n̓ty̓tyix txət̓n̓cut. iʔ n̓ty̓tyix k̓ʷl̓k̓ʷul̓l̓: tim̓ł skʕacíws, iʔ n̓ty̓tyixʕ m as iʔ ʔik̓ʷn̓ t sx̌ʷnupsts. ilíʔ cʔácqaʔ uł ʔum̓səl̓x kcʕácmʕas. iʔ kcʕácmʕas fish tail ʔiłs iʔ nixʷúts iʔ ʔik̓ʷn̓. iʔ ʔik̓ʷn̓ pútiʔ ckc̓ap̓q̓ l̓ kcʕácmʕas. t̓iʔ kmax ixíʔ ksʔiłn̓s k̓l̓ kaʔłís km̓mus skʕacíw̓s. iʔ kcʕácmʕas ilíʔ əcwikʷ l̓ n̓xƛ̓titkʷ. iʔ n̓ty̓tyix łəwis iʔ cn̓pum̓tn̓: way̓ka ʔłís km̓mus skʕacíw̓s fish nest iʔ n̓ty̓tyix iʔ sƛ̓x̌aps. ixíʔ k̓ʷul̓l̓ tt̓ʔik̓ qaqxʷl̓x. iʔ n̓ty̓tyix ʔiłs iʔ cəcámaʔt iʔ stim̓ l̓ saʔtítkʷ t̓xʷ iʔ qʷtíx̌ʷaʔ uł iʔ ʔakʷʔakʷtílx iʔ such as; water flea ʔaʔúsaʔs. iʔ n̓ty̓tyix cʔiłn̓ t qaqxʷl̓x: way̓ k̓ik̓m̓mi nəqspin̓tk ʔi n̓ty̓tyix. cpix̌stsʔ i cəcámaʔt qaqxʷl̓x. ckʷn̓nusts iʔ cəcámaʔt qaqxʷl̓x t x̌ʷy̓x̌ʷay̓t ʕay̓tmn̓s. iʔ n̓ty̓tyix ksʔím̓xaʔx: ʔasl̓spín̓tk iʔ n̓ty̓tyix. sl̓xʷaʔtwíl̓x. k̓łc̓sap iʔ sksl̓íc̓aʔs. way ixíʔ sʔim̓xs. əł wis iʔ saʔtítkʷ ʔi spots on body n̓k̓ʷul̓l̓tn̓s. ʔim̓xəl̓x k̓l̓ n̓sl̓xʷʔitkʷ. iʔ n̓ty̓tyix k̓łkicsəl̓x ʔi n̓sl̓xʷʔitkʷ: lkʷu···t iʔ ksxʷuy̓səl̓x. ilíʔ nixʷ xʷʔit cy̓ʕap l̓ n̓sl̓xʷʔitkʷ. yʕat tlaʔkín̓ cxʷuy̓y̓əl̓x. xʷʔit iʔ ksʔiłn̓s ilíʔ k̓l̓ n̓sl̓xʷʔitkʷ. iʔ n̓ty̓tyix ʔiłs iʔ kʷəkʷl̓kʷil̓a ʔ ck̓ram̓ uł shrimp cəcámaʔt qaqxʷl̓x. iʔ n̓ty̓tyix ƛ̓ax̌t ła cƛ̓x̌ap l̓ n̓sl̓xʷʔitkʷ. əcʔúluʔs ła cn̓k̓wilx iʔ n̓ty̓tyix: ła cn̓xlak l̓ n̓sl̓xʷʔitkʷ, swim; go around niʕ̓áy̓p c̓úluʔs ʔum̓səl̓xcqʷaylwís . t sxʷʔitsəl̓x uł cn̓x̌il̓stəl̓x iʔ in; school of fish xmin̓s. iwá t síl̓xʷaʔ qaqxʷl̓x lut t̓a ctxʷt̓pmistm̓. attack ckn̓kn̓xtwixʷəl̓x. l̓ska ʔłl̓spín̓tks l̓ n̓sl̓xʷʔitkʷ ixíʔ uł ƛ̓x̌ap iʔ n̓ty̓tyix. three years łʔim̓xəl̓x k̓l̓ saʔtítkʷ laʔkín̓ kiʔ k̓ʷl̓k̓ʷul̓l̓. t sqy̓axʷs iʔ saʔtítkʷ uł suxʷsəl̓x iʔ n̓k̓ʷul̓l̓tn̓s. iʔ n̓ty̓tyix cłət̓pmn̓cut l̓ syxʷmitkʷ: łə k̓łkicxs ʔi syxʷmitkʷ uł n̓wist ksłət̓pmn̓cuts tl̓ siw̓łkʷ kswits əł kskłql̓tusts. iʔ n̓ty̓tyix reach the top; k̓in̓k̓n̓t iʔ sxʷuy̓tn̓s. x̌ʷy̓x̌ʷay̓t iʔ xƛ̓ut. uł nixʷ iʔ skm̓xist dangerous ck̓łʔim̓sts kskʷn̓nístaʔx t n̓ty̓tyix ła cʔim̓x. iʔ n̓ty̓tyix k̓łʔiy̓si ʔ sc̓aknílxʷs:xʷa ʔskʕacíw̓s iʔ n̓ty̓tyix many weeks sk̓wilxs. t̓iʔ n̓k̓wilx uł way̓ t̓ixʷəxʷlm̓i ʔ sʕ̓ac̓əc̓s. iʔ n̓k̓m̓k̓m̓łəniw̓ts uł iʔ n̓k̓m̓mikn̓s kʷaʔkʷaʔáł. iʔ c̓sc̓ásy̓aqn̓s get red qʷn̓łtwil̓x. iʔ sql̓tmixʷ n̓ty̓tyix k̓r̓r̓p̓aqsm̓. become green; get iʔ n̓ty̓tyix łkakíciʔs iʔ n̓k̓ʷul̓l̓tn̓s: xʷaʔásq̓t mi łk̓łkics iʔ a hooked nose N̓səl̓xcin̓ 3: An Advanced Course in Colville-Okanagan Salish revised 06/5/17 96

saʔtítkʷ laʔkín̓ kiʔ k̓ʷul̓l̓ iʔ n̓ty̓tyix. taʔlíʔ ay̓x̌ʷt uł ckw̓twil̓x. lut become skinny t̓a c̓iłn̓ ła cn̓k̓wilx. ctiyaqʷt iʔ n̓ty̓tyix: iʔ sql̓tmixʷ n̓ty̓tyix cktiyáqʷtm̓stsəl̓x ʔi smam̓ʔím̓ n̓ty̓tyix. ʔt̓i hakín̓ ƛ̓xʷup uł ixíʔ paqłtm̓i ʔ ʔik̓ʷn̓s. fertilize iʔ tkəłmilxʷ n̓ty̓tyix cn̓ciqstsʔ i cn̓pum̓tn̓s iʔ t sx̌ʷnupsts: kaʔ cn̓ciqsts ʔi n̓xƛ̓titkʷ. ilíʔ mi x̌ast xʷl̓xʷal̓t łə ʔik̓ʷnm̓. iʔ lay fish eggs n̓ty̓tyix cq̓łiw̓s ła ck̓ram̓. iʔ sql̓tmixʷ n̓ty̓tyix naʔł tkəłmilxʷ kłəq̓l̓xínaʔs iʔ cn̓pum̓tn̓s. uł ʔaʔúsaʔm̓ ixíʔ uł paqłtm̓ iʔ ʔik̓ʷn̓s. łə q̓łq̓łiw̓sʔ i ʔik̓ʷn̓ naʔł ql̓x̌ínaʔ ixíʔ uł sic n̓ty̓tyix k̓ʷl̓k̓ʷul̓l̓. salmon milt łə wy̓sʔaʔúsaʔm̓ ixíʔ sƛ̓lal̓s: ʔay̓ʔáy̓x̌ʷt iʔ n̓ty̓tyix tl̓ slkʷuts iʔ sn̓k̓wilxsəl̓x. wy̓sʔaʔúsaʔm̓ uł ƛ̓axʷt. iʔ n̓ty̓tyix k̓ik̓m̓mi n̓c̓spitkʷ áłiʔ n̓k̓stkʷil̓x iʔ siw̓łkʷ. tqipsəl̓x iʔ saʔtítkʷ uł gone from water; k̓łyʕayʕaʔáp iʔ n̓ty̓tyix. water go bad; iʔ sqilxʷ txət̓n̓tisəl̓x ʔi saʔtítkʷ uł lut miyáł stopped ksmətxʷn̓cutsəl̓x ła c̓q̓aq̓ítaʔm̓. take too much sn̓súxʷnaʔ sw̓łtiłn̓ 1. k̓aʔkín̓ kaʔ cʔaʔúsaʔstm̓ iʔ ʔik̓ʷn̓s t n̓ty̓tyix ? 2. stim̓ ʔa c̓kists ʔi n̓ty̓tyix ła cwikʷsts iʔ ʔik̓ʷn̓s ? 3. səxkinx uł txtn̓cut iʔ cəcámaʔt n̓ty̓tyix ? 4. k̓ʷinx x̌iyáłnxʷ uł iʔ n̓ty̓tyix mʕaw̓sts iʔ ʔik̓ʷn̓ t sx̌ʷnupsts ? 5. stim̓ ʔi sʔiłn̓s iʔ kcʕacmʕas k̓l̓ kaʔłís km̓ mus skʕacíw̓s ? 6. stim̓ ʔa c̓iłsts ʔi t̓ʔik̓ n̓ty̓tyix ? 7. mi nəqspin̓tk, stim̓ aʔ cpix̌sts iʔ n̓ty̓tyix ? 8. t stim̓ ʔi n̓ty̓tyix ckʷn̓nusts iʔ cəcámaʔt qaqxʷl̓x ? 9. k̓ʷnxspin̓tk uł k̓łc̓sap iʔ sksl̓íc̓aʔs iʔ n̓ty̓tyix ? 10. k̓ʷnxspin̓tk uł łəwin̓tm̓ iʔ saʔtítkʷ iʔ n̓k̓ʷul̓l̓tn̓s t n̓ty̓tyix ? 11. k̓aʔkín̓ kaʔ c̓imxəl̓x iʔ n̓ty̓tyix łə ʔasl̓spín̓tk ? 12. stim̓ ʔa c̓iłsts l̓ n̓sl̓xʷʔitkʷ iʔ n̓ty̓tyix? 13. səxkinx uł ƛ̓ax̌t ła cƛ̓x̌ap l̓ n̓sl̓xʷʔitkʷ ? 14. səxkinx uł cqʷaylwís iʔ n̓ty̓tyix ła cn̓xlak l̓ n̓sl̓xʷʔitkʷ ? 15. k̓ʷnxspin̓tk iʔ n̓ty̓tyix ła łʔim̓xəl̓x k̓l̓ saʔtítkʷ laʔkín̓ kiʔ k̓ʷl̓k̓ʷul̓l̓ ? 16. xkinm̓ mi suxʷsəl̓x ʔi n̓k̓ʷul̓l̓tn̓s iʔ n̓ty̓tyix ? 17. xkinm̓ mi kskłql̓tusts iʔ syxʷmitkʷ iʔ n̓ty̓tyix ? 18. səxkinx uł k̓in̓k̓n̓t iʔ sxʷuy̓tn̓s iʔ n̓ty̓tyix ? 19. ła cłn̓k̓wilx l̓ saʔtítkʷ, c̓kin̓ t̓ixʷəxʷlm̓ iʔ sʕ̓ac̓əc̓ iʔ n̓ty̓tyix ? 20. əxkistm̓ ʔi sql̓tmix n̓ty̓tyix ła cłʔimx k̓l̓ saʔtítkʷ ? 21. c̓kin̓ iʔ n̓ty̓tyix ła łk̓łkics iʔ saʔtítkʷ laʔkín̓ kiʔ k̓ʷul̓l̓ ? 22. stim̓ ʔi sql̓tmix n̓ty̓tyix cpaqłtm̓ iʔ smam̓ʔím̓ nty̓tyix iʔ ʔik̓ʷn̓s ? 23. t stim̓ cn̓ciqsts iʔ cn̓pum̓tn̓s iʔ tkəłmilxʷ n̓ty̓tyix ? N̓səl̓xcin̓ 3: An Advanced Course in Colville-Okanagan Salish revised 06/5/17 97

24. xkistm̓ ʔi n̓ty̓tyix łə wy̓sʔaʔúsaʔm̓ ? 25. səxkinx uł k̓ik̓m̓ mi n̓c̓spitkʷ iʔ n̓ty̓tyix ? an̓cáw̓t sw̓łtiłn̓ 1. ha c̓iłstxʷ iʔ ʔik̓ʷn̓ ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 2. ha kʷ cc̓qʷaqʷ ła cłəw̓istm̓s an̓túm̓/ask̓ʷúy̓ ?səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 3. ha niʕ̓̓́áy̓p kʷ ctxət̓n̓cut ? mayxít. 4. c̓kin̓ iʔ sx̌ʷnupsts iʔ "k̓ʷək̓ʷyúmaʔ tkəłm̓qaqxʷl̓x", Ariel iʔ skʷists ? may̓xít. 5. stim̓ ʔi mʕawn̓txʷ t sk̓ək̓laxʷ ? stim̓ aksmʕáwm̓ łə x̌lap ? may̓xít. 6. kʷ k̓ʷnxspin̓tkʷ uł kʷ k̓ʷul̓l̓ t st̓aʔk̓míx/t̓ʔik̓ ? may̓xít. 7. ha kʷ kłqʷtíx̌ʷaʔ l̓ an̓qəpqín̓tn̓ ? ha kʷ kłk̓ək̓stánaʔ (iʔ ʔaʔúsaʔs iʔ qʷtíx̌ʷaʔ) ? may̓xít. 8. ha kʷ cpix̌m̓ ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 9. swit cpix̌m̓stm̓s ? swit cpix̌m̓stxʷ ? may̓xít. 10. kʷ k̓ʷnxspin̓tkʷ uł łəwin̓txʷ an̓n̓k̓ʷúl̓l̓tn̓ ? may̓xít. 11. ha an̓x̌ást iʔ kʷəkʷl̓kʷil̓ aʔ ck̓ram̓ t sʔiłn̓ ? ha an̓x̌ást iʔ cəcámaʔt qaqxʷl̓x ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 12. t sxʷʔitm̓p asnəqsílxʷ ha cn̓x̌il̓stp iʔ xminm̓p ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 13. swit niʕ̓áy̓p ctxʷt̓pmistm̓s ? swit niʕ̓áy̓p ctxʷt̓pmistxʷ ? may̓xít. 14. swit iʔ txʷt̓pmin̓ts t nəqspin̓tk ? swit iʔ txʷt̓pmin̓txʷ ? may̓xít. 15. k̓aʔkín̓ kaʔ ckʷliw̓t asnəqsílxʷ kʷ łə kaʔłl̓spín̓tk ? may̓xít. 16. stim̓ ʔi kłql̓tusn̓txʷ t sk̓aʔáy̓ ? stim̓ akskłql̓túsm̓ łə caʔáqʷm̓ ? may̓xít. 17. ha k̓in̓k̓n̓t asxʷúy̓tn̓ km̓ hayʕat swit títiym̓t k̓ anwí ? may̓xít. 18. swit niʕ̓áy̓p ck̓łʔim̓stm̓s ? swit niʕ̓áy̓p ck̓łʔim̓stxʷ ? may̓xít. 19. ha t̓ixʷlm̓ asʕ̓ác̓əc̓ʕ apnáʔ t sx̌l̓x̌ʕal̓t ? əs xkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 20. ha ck̓r̓r̓p̓aqs iʔ sql̓ql̓tmixʷ l̓ asnəqsílxʷ ? iʔ smam̓ʔím̓ ? may̓xít. 21. ha kʷ ckw̓twil̓x ʕapnáʔ t spin̓tk ? ha kʷ q̓ʷuctwíl̓x ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 22. ha iʔ sql̓ql̓tmixʷ l̓ asnəqsílxʷ cktiyáqʷtm̓stsəl̓x ʔi smam̓ʔím̓ ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 23. ha cmistíxʷ k̓aʔkinəl̓x əł paqłtm̓ an̓túm̓/ask̓ʷúy̓ t an̓místm̓/an̓lʔíw̓ ? may̓xít. 24. ha kʷ ksx̌mn̓kaw̓s ? k̓ʷnxspin̓t p cq̓łiw̓s naʔł asx̌mn̓káw̓s ? may̓xít. 25. ha n̓k̓stkʷil̓x iʔ saʔtítkʷ k̓ík̓aʔt k̓l̓ asn̓ilíʔtn̓ ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? may̓xít. 26. ha kʷ k̓łyʕaʔáp t nəqspin̓tk ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? may̓xít. 27. stim̓ ʔa ctxət̓m̓stixʷ ? swit aʔ ctxət̓m̓stixʷ ? swit aʔ ctxət̓m̓stum̓s ? may̓xít. skłʔiy̓sm̓ t x̌ilm̓s ʔaʔúm̓s A. Point of View Excercise aksck̓ʷúl̓: change the phrase for each new subject, maintaining the same tense. Follow the model. Translate the new phrase to English.

iʔ sqilxʷ txət̓n̓tisəl̓x iʔ saʔtítkʷ.

EX: Sapát / t̓ik̓ʷt: Sapát naʔł Papílaʔqn̓ txət̓n̓tis iʔ t̓ik̓ʷt.

1. in̓cá / scəcmálaʔ: nuyápixcn̓:

N̓səl̓xcin̓ 3: An Advanced Course in Colville-Okanagan Salish revised 06/5/17 98

2. anwí / tw̓tw̓it: nuyápixcn̓:

3. in̓cá naʔł anwí / xəxiw̓xw̓tm̓: nuyápixcn̓:

4. anwí naʔł asmíʔł / cəcámaʔt: nuyápixcn̓:

B. Point of View Excercise aksck̓ʷúl̓: change the phrase for each new subject and object, maintaining the same tense. Follow the model. Translate the new phrase to English.

iʔ n̓ty̓tyixwikʷs iʔ ʔik̓ʷn̓s.

EX: anwí naʔł Pitál̓ / słək̓ʷałq̓ʷl̓t: wikʷn̓tp iʔ słək̓ʷałq̓ʷl̓tm̓p.

1. in̓cá / ʔackníkstn̓: nuyápixcn̓:

2. anwí / n̓l̓lʕap: nuyápixcn̓:

3. Kʷlax̌n̓ naʔł in̓cá / skʷl̓al̓qs: nuyápixcn̓:

4. Qʷn̓qʷin̓xn̓ naʔł statákʷaʔs / n̓łəxʷal̓qstn̓: nuyápixcn̓:

C. Transitive to Plural Transitive Command aksck̓ʷúl̓: change the phrase to a command. Follow the model. Translate the new phrase to English.

EX: k̓líq̓naʔs l̓ n̓xƛ̓titkʷ. k̓líq̓naʔn̓tp / k̓líq̓naʔn̓ti.

1. iʔ n̓ty̓tyix mʕas iʔ ʔik̓ʷn̓. nuyápixcn̓:

2. ʔum̓səl̓x kcʕácmʕas. nuyápixcn̓:

N̓səl̓xcin̓ 3: An Advanced Course in Colville-Okanagan Salish revised 06/5/17 99

3. ʔiłs iʔ nixʷúts iʔ ʔik̓ʷn̓. nuyápixcn̓:

4. iʔ n̓ty̓tyix łəwis iʔ cn̓pum̓tn̓s. nuyápixcn̓:

5. k̓łkicsəl̓x iʔ n̓sl̓xʷʔitkʷ. nuyápixcn̓:

D. Past/Present Transitive to Customary/Actual Transitive aksck̓ʷúl̓: change the phrase from the past/present to the customary/actual. Follow the model. Translate the new phrase to English.

EX: k̓líq̓naʔs l̓ n̓xƛ̓titkʷ. ck̓líq̓naʔsts l̓ n̓xƛ̓titkʷ.

1. kswits łə kskłql̓tusts. nuyápixcn̓:

2. ʔum̓səl̓x cqʷaylwís. nuyápixcn̓:

3. ʔiłs iʔ kʷəkʷl̓kʷil̓ aʔ ck̓ram̓. nuyápixcn̓:

4. suxʷsəl̓x iʔ n̓k̓ʷul̓l̓tn̓s. nuyápixcn̓:

5. k̓łkicxs iʔ syxʷmitkʷ. nuyápixcn̓:

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E. Past/Present 36 Verb Box aksck̓ʷúl̓: Complete the box with correct transitive verb/object forms. txʷt̓pmin̓t- to run to / attack in̓cá anwí cniłc mnim̓łtət mnim̓łəm̓p mnim̓łcəl̓x in̓cá xxx txʷt̓pmin̓tsn̓ txʷt̓pmin̓ xxx txʷt̓pmiłəmn̓ txʷt̓pmin̓əl̓x anwí kʷuʔ xxx txʷt̓pmin̓txʷ kʷuʔ xxx txʷt̓pmin̓təl̓x txʷt̓pmin̓txʷ txʷt̓pmin̓txʷ cniłc kʷuʔ txʷt̓pmis txʷt̓pmin̓ts txʷt̓pmis kʷuʔ txʷt̓pmiłəm̓s txʷt̓pmisəl̓x txʷt̓pmin̓tm̓ mnim̓łtət xxx txʷt̓pmin̓tst txʷt̓pmin̓tm̓ xxx txʷt̓pmiłəm̓t txʷt̓pmin̓tm̓əl̓x mnim̓łəm̓p kʷuʔ xxx txʷt̓pmin̓tp kʷuʔ txʷt̓pmin̓tp xxx txʷt̓pmin̓tpəl̓x txʷt̓pmin̓tp cniłcəlx kʷuʔ txʷt̓pmin̓ts- txʷt̓pmisəl̓x kʷuʔ txʷt̓pmiłəm̓səl̓x txʷt̓pmin̓tm̓əl̓x txʷt̓pmisəl̓x əl̓x txʷt̓pmisəl̓x mnim̓łcəl̓x

F. Transitive Verbal Exchanges with Objects aksck̓ʷúl̓: answer the questions with a complete n̓səl̓xcin̓ sentence. Translate the question and your answer to English.

1. swit iʔ kʷuʔ txʷt̓pmis ? (mnim̓łtət)

2. swit iʔ txʷt̓pmin̓ts t sk̓ək̓laxʷ ? (in̓cá)

3. ha txʷt̓pmiłəm̓s iʔ xminm̓p ? (kiw̓)

4. ha n̓łiptmn̓txʷ uł txʷt̓pmin̓tsn̓ t skłəʔaʔ ? (lut)

5. ha cmistíp səxkinx uł txʷt̓pmiłəm̓t ? (kiw̓)

6. ha in̓cá naʔł Ltkʷuʔ kʷuʔ txʷt̓pmin̓tm̓ iʔ sl̓xʷʔal̓qʷ ? (lut)

N̓səl̓xcin̓ 3: An Advanced Course in Colville-Okanagan Salish revised 06/5/17 101

G. Future 36 Verb Box aksck̓ʷúl̓: Complete the box with correct transitive verb/object forms. kstxʷt̓pmin̓t- to run to / attack in̓cá anwí cniłc mnim̓łtət mnim̓łəm̓p mnim̓łcəl̓x in̓cá xxx kʷ ikstxʷt̓pmínm̓ xxx p ikstxʷt̓pmínm̓- ikstxʷt̓pmínm̓ ikstxʷt̓pmínm̓ əl̓x anwí kʷuʔ xxx akstxʷt̓pmínm̓ kʷuʔ xxx akstxʷt̓pmínm̓- akstxʷt̓pmínm̓ akstxʷt̓pmínm̓ əl̓x cniłc kʷuʔ kstxʷt̓pmin̓ts kstxʷt̓pmis kʷuʔ kstxʷt̓pmiłəm̓s kstxʷt̓pmisəl̓x kstxʷt̓pmis kstxʷt̓pmin̓tm̓ mnim̓łtət xxx kstxʷt̓pmin̓tst kstxʷt̓pmin̓tm̓ xxx kstxʷt̓pmiłəm̓t kstxʷt̓pmin̓tm̓əl̓x mnim̓łəm̓p kʷuʔ xxx kstxʷt̓pmin̓tp kʷuʔ xxx kstxʷt̓pmin̓tp- kstxʷt̓pmin̓tp kstxʷt̓pmin̓tp əl̓x cniłcəlx kʷuʔ kstxʷt̓pmin̓ts- kstxʷt̓pmis- kʷuʔ kstxʷt̓pmiłəm̓s- kstxʷt̓pmin̓tm̓- kstxʷt̓pmisəl̓x əl̓x əl̓x kstxʷt̓pmin̓tm̓əl̓x əl̓x əl̓x mnim̓łcəl̓x

H. Transitive Verbal Exchanges with Objects aksck̓ʷúl̓: answer the questions with a complete n̓səl̓xcin̓ sentence. Translate the question and your answer to English.

1. swit iʔ kʷuʔ kstxʷt̓pmis ? (mnim̓łtət)

2. swit iʔ kstxʷt̓pmin̓ts łə sk̓ək̓laxʷ ? (in̓cá)

3. ha kstxʷt̓pmiłəm̓s iʔ xminm̓p ? (kiw̓)

4. ha an̓x̌mín̓k kʷ ikstxʷt̓pminm̓ ? (lut)

5. ha x̌min̓km̓p kstxʷt̓pmiłəm̓t ? (kiw̓)

6. ha Tapít naʔł in̓cá kʷuʔ kstxʷt̓pmin̓tm̓ʔ i k̓ʷiƛ̓t ? (lut)

N̓səl̓xcin̓ 3: An Advanced Course in Colville-Okanagan Salish revised 06/5/17 102

ck̓ʷul̓m̓stm̓ iʔ sʔaʔúm̓s 1. ʔik̓ʷn̓- fish eggs example sentences: 1. iʔ n̓ty̓tyix wikʷs iʔ ʔik̓ʷn̓s. (The salmon has hidden̓ her eggs.) 2. mar̓wiʔn̓t iʔ ʔik̓ʷn̓ l̓ lakmín. (Mix the salmon eggs into the fish soup.) 3. iʔ tl̓ ʔik̓ʷn̓ kaʔ ck̓ʷl̓k̓ʷul̓l̓ iʔ kcʕacmʕas. (From the fish eggs the smolts hatch.)

2. n̓xƛ̓titkʷ- rocks in water / river rocks example sentences: 1. k̓líq̓naʔs l̓ n̓xƛ̓titkʷ, ixíʔ uł cwikʷ. (She has covered them with river rocks so they are hidden.) 2. laʔkín̓ kiʔ kʷu cniʔák̓ʷ taʔlí cn̓xƛ̓titkʷ. (Where we cross the river its very rocky.) 3. ha iʔ cw̓cwíxaʔ taʔlí n̓xƛ̓xƛ̓titkʷ ? (Are the creeks very rocky?)

3. sx̌ʷnups- fish tail reduplication: sx̌ʷn̓x̌ʷnúps example sentences: 1. tim̓ł skʕacíws, iʔ n̓ty̓tyix mʕas iʔ ʔik̓ʷn̓ t sx̌ʷnupsts. (After eight weeks, the salmon breaks the egg with its tail.) 2. ʔulúʔsn̓ iʔ sx̌ʷn̓x̌ʷnúps uł npúsn̓ kn̓ k̓ʷul̓m̓ t st̓xitkʷ. ( I gatherd the fihs tails and boiled them I made soup.) 3. iʔ t sx̌ʷnupsts kaʔ cʔax̌ʷsts iʔ ʔik̓ʷn̓s. (With its tail the fish sweeps its eggs.)

4. cn̓pum̓tn̓- fish nest example sentences: 1. iʔ n̓ty̓tyix łəwis iʔ cn̓pum̓tn̓. (The salmon has left the nest.) 2. iʔ n̓ty̓tyix cʔaxʷynm̓ła cp̓umnm̓. (The female salmon digs holes for the eggs.)

5. t̓əxʷ- a conditional affirmative expression example sentences: 1. iʔ n̓ty̓tyix ʔiłs iʔ cəcámaʔt iʔ stim̓l̓ saʔtítkʷ t̓xʷ iʔ qʷtíx̌ʷaʔ uł iʔ ʔakʷʔakʷtílx iʔ ʔaʔúsaʔs. (The salmon eats little things in the river such as water fleas and insect eggs.) 2. way t̓xʷ mat uníxʷ. (I guess it's sort of true.) 3. way t̓xʷ kn̓ cn̓xʷyil̓s. (Yah, I do want to go along.)

6. qʷtíx̌ʷaʔ- water flea example sentences: 1. iʔ n̓ty̓tyix ʔiłs iʔ cəcámaʔt iʔ stim̓l̓ saʔtítkʷ t̓xʷ iʔ qʷtíx̌ʷaʔ uł iʔ ʔakʷʔakʷtílx iʔ ʔaʔúsaʔs. (The salmon eats little things in the river such as water fleas and insect eggs.) 2. scutx iʔ n̓ty̓tyix ckłqʷtətíx̌ʷaʔ itlíʔ cƛ̓axʷt. (They say the salmon get lousy and they die from it.) 3. kn̓ n̓til̓s mat yʕat stim̓kłqʷtíx̌ʷaʔ . (I think everything must have lice.)

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7. ksəlíc̓aʔ- spots on the body example sentences: 1. k̓łc̓sap iʔ sksl̓íc̓aʔs. (The spots on its body are gone.) 2. yʕat iʔ q̓iʔq̓iʔík cksl̓səlíc̓aʔ áłiʔiʔ n̓ml̓k̓ʷápaʔst cksl̓səlíc̓aʔ. (All the colts have spots because the stud is spotted.) 3. in̓kəkwápaʔ cksəlíc̓aʔ. (My dog has spots on it.)

8. kʷəkʷl̓kʷil̓ aʔ ck̓ram̓- shrimp example sentences: 1. iʔ n̓ty̓tyix ʔiłs iʔ kʷəkʷl̓kʷil̓ aʔ ck̓ram̓uł cəcámaʔt qaqxʷl̓x. (The salmon eats shrimp and little fish.) 2. in̓x̌ást sʔiłn̓iʔ kʷəkʷl̓kʷil̓ aʔ ck̓ram̓. (I like eating shrimp) 3. ckil̓yil̓xʷíc̓aʔ iʔ kʷəkʷl̓kʷil̓ aʔ ck̓ram̓put klqʷant mi sic ʔiłn̓txʷ. (The shrimp has covers on them. You have to peel them before you can eat them)

9. n̓k̓wilx- swim̓(like a fish) example sentences: 1. əcʔúluʔs ła cn̓k̓wilx iʔ n̓ty̓tyix. (Salmon swim̓ in groups.) 2. qipcm̓uł n̓k̓wilx iʔ miml̓t. (In the spring time the white fish swim̓upstream.) 3. xʷuy̓x k̓aw̓sʕ̓ác̓n̓t uc way n̓k̓wilx iʔ qaqxʷl̓x. (Go and see if the fish are starting to go up stream.)

10. n̓xlak- go around inside example sentences: 1. ła cn̓xlak l̓ n̓sl̓xʷʔitkʷ, niʕ̓áy̓p c̓úluʔs ʔum̓səl̓x cqʷaylwís. (As they go around the ocean, they are always in groups called schools.) 2. laʔkín̓ kaʔ cn̓xlakək iʔ saʔtítkʷ ilíʔ cƛ̓lap iʔ qaqxʷl̓x uʔ n̓xlakəl̓x. (Where the water goes around, the fish stop in there and they swim̓ around in it.) 3. n̓k̓ʷixʷs iʔ kwaps l̓ aʔ ck̓łʕal̓ ixíʔ sn̓xlaks. (He turned his horse into the corral and it started to go around and aound.)

11. cqʷaylwís- fish school example sentences: 1. łaʔ cn̓xlak l̓ n̓sl̓xʷʔitkʷ, niʕ̓áy̓p c̓úluʔs ʔum̓səl̓x cqʷaylwís. (As they go around the ocean, they are always in groups called schools.) 2. iʔ łəłq̓in̓k ła cxʷílwís cn̓qʷaylwís. (When the fry move, they move in schools.) 3. t̓iʔ n̓qʷʕay̓kʷ iʔ siw̓łkʷ t sxʷʔits iʔ qaqxʷl̓x. cn̓qʷaylwís. (The water turns black there are so many fish. They're schooled up.)

12. ctxʷt̓pmist / txʷt̓pmin̓t- attack something example sentences: 1. iwá t síl̓xʷaʔ qaqxʷl̓x t̓a ctxʷt̓pmistm, ckn̓kn̓xtwixʷ. (Even big fish don't attack them. They help each other.) 2. q̓sápiʔ kaʔ cwikstn̓ łə wikn̓ txʷt̓pmin̓ uł n̓kl̓xʷusn. (It was so long since I've seen̓ him, when I saw

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him̓I ran̓ and gave him̓a hug.) 3. kʷu txʷt̓pmis in̓kəkwápaʔ taʔlí lim̓t. (My dog ran̓up to me so happy.)

13. kaʔłl̓spín̓tk- three years example sentences: 1. l̓ skaʔłl̓spín̓tks l̓ n̓sl̓xʷʔitkʷ ixíʔ uł ƛ̓x̌ap iʔ n̓ty̓tyix. (After its third year in the ocean, the salmon is fully grown.) 2. kaʔłl̓spín̓tk isnʔímaʔt uł taʔlí maʔmaʔíkst. (My grandchild is three years old and he bothers everything.) 3. way kaʔłl̓spín̓tk kʷu səcmrim̓s. (We've been̓ married for three years.)

14. kłql̓tust- get to the top of something example sentences: 1. łə k̓łkicxs ʔi syxʷmitkʷ uł n̓wist ksłət̓pmn̓cuts tl̓ siw̓łkʷ kswits łə kskłql̓tusts. (When they come to a waterfall, they jump high out of the water in order to reach the top.) 2. ha wikn̓txʷ ? k̓ik̓m̓ mi kłql̓ql̓tusəl̓x. (Do you see them, they're almost to the top.) 3. qixʷn̓t iʔ st̓mʕal̓t put kłql̓tus mi łəw̓nikstmn̓txʷ. (Chase the cows to the top of the hill before you let them go.)

15. k̓in̓k̓n̓t- dangerous example sentences: 1. iʔ n̓ty̓tyix k̓in̓k̓n̓t iʔ sxʷuy̓tn̓s. (The salmon meets dangers on its way.) 2. aʔ ck̓am̓tíw̓s l̓ scułm̓taʔlí k̓in̓k̓n̓t. (For the ones that ride bulls it's very dangerous.) 3. n̓ʔastkíl̓t iʔ tkəłmilxʷ uł ctxət̓n̓cut áłiʔ k̓ink̓n̓t yʕat stim̓ ctxət̓stis. (When a woman is pregnant there is a lot of danger for her and the baby so she has to be careful of everything.)

16. xʷaʔskʕacíw̓s- many weeks example sentences: 1. xʷaʔskʕacíw̓s iʔ n̓ty̓tyix sk̓wilxs. (The salmon swim̓up the river for many weeks.) 2. iʔ tkəłmilxʷ xʷaʔskʕacíw̓s scn̓ʔastkíl̓ts mi sic ck̓ʷl̓il̓t. (Awoman is pregnant for a long time before she has her baby.) 3. q̓səspil̓sm̓s isn̓ʔímaʔt ła cq̓y̓am, cut miyáł xʷaʔskʕacíw̓s. (My grandson feels its too long a school year, he said it's too many weeks.)

17. kʷʔał- get red reduplication: kʷaʔkʷaʔáł example sentences: 1. iʔ n̓k̓m̓k̓m̓łəniw̓ts uł iʔ n̓k̓m̓mikn̓s kʷaʔkʷaʔáł. (Their sides and backs become bright red.) 2. way kʷaʔkʷʔáł iʔ sx̌ʷusm̓. (The foam̓berries are getting red.) 3. isl̓áx̌t t̓iʔ c̓in̓stm̓uł ckʷaʔłús. (We say anything to my friend and his face gets red.)

18. qʷn̓łtwil̓x- to become green N̓səl̓xcin̓ 3: An Advanced Course in Colville-Okanagan Salish revised 06/5/17 105

example sentences: 1. iʔ c̓sc̓ásyaʔqn̓s qʷn̓łtwil̓x. (Their heads turn̓ green.) 2. x̌w̓x̌w̓aw̓ isk̓ʷán̓łq. n̓písuʔsn̓ uł łqʷn̓qʷn̓łtwil̓x. (My plants got dry. I watered them and they turned green̓ again.) 3. qipcm̓uł qʷn̓łtwíl̓x yʕat iʔ stim̓. (It's spring and everything turns green.)

19. k̓r̓r̓p̓aqsm̓- get a hooked nose example sentences: 1. iʔ sql̓tmixʷ n̓ty̓tyix k̓r̓r̓p̓aqsm̓. (The male salmon grows a hooked jaw.) 2. ck̓rp̓aqs iʔ ƛ̓x̌ƛ̓x̌apsəl̓x uł yʕayʕátəl̓x ck̓r̓k̓r̓p̓áqsəl̓x. (If the parent has a hooked nose so will all the offspring.) 3. isx̌mn̓káwaʔ ck̓rp̓aqs. (My sweetheart has a hooked nose.)

20. ckəw̓tw̓il̓x- become skinny example sentences: 1. taʔlí ʔay̓x̌ʷt uł ckəw̓tw̓il̓x. (They are very tired and thin.) 2. mat lut cʔamn̓sqáx̌aʔ. cəkckiw̓t iʔ kw̓waps. (I guess he didn't feed his horses. They̓re skinny.) 3. in̓tkəłmílxʷ k̓ʷak̓ʷúl̓s ksckəw̓twíl̓xaʔx. (My woman is dieting to get skinny.)

21. paqłtm̓- fertilize / enseminate example sentences: 1. t̓iʔ hakín̓ ƛ̓xʷup uł ixíʔ paqłtm̓i ʔ ʔik̓ʷn̓s. (The one that wins will fertilize her eggs.) 2. iʔ smam̓ʔím̓cpaqłt m̓iʔ ʔaʔúsaʔs uł cn̓ʔastkíl̓t. (Some women have the doctor fertilize enseminate their eggs and they get pregnant.)

22. ʔik̓ʷnm̓- lay fish eggs example sentences: 1. ilíʔ mi x̌ast xʷəlxʷált łə ʔik̓ʷnm̓. (She is makíng a good place to lay her eggs.) 2. iʔ qaqxʷl̓x ʔik̓ʷnm̓. iʔ sw̓arák̓xn̓ naʔł ʔarsíkʷ c̓aʔúsaʔm̓. (The fish lays eggs. Frogs and turtles lay eggs.) 3. lkʷut ła cxʷuy̓ n̓ʔawcín̓mi sic ʔik̓ʷn̓m̓ iʔ n̓ty̓tyix. (The salmon travel a long ways upriver before they get to where their going to lay their eggs.)

23. ql̓x̌ínaʔ- salmon milt example sentences: 1. łə q̓łq̓łiw̓s iʔ ʔik̓ʷn̓ naʔł ql̓x̌ínaʔ ixíʔ uł sic n̓ty̓tyix k̓ʷl̓k̓ʷúl̓l. (When an egg and milt come together then a salmon can be born.) 2. piq c̓x̌ił t sqʔim̓ iʔ ql̓x̌ínaʔ. (The milt is white like milk) 3. ckm̓stisəl̓x iʔ ʔík̓ʷn̓ uł ckc̓xʷínaʔstsəl̓x t ql̓xínaʔ uł way ck̓ʷl̓k̓ʷul̓l̓ iʔ kcʕacmʕás. (They gather the fish eggs and pour the milt on them and the larva do hatch.)

24. n̓c̓spitkʷ- gone from the water N̓səl̓xcin̓ 3: An Advanced Course in Colville-Okanagan Salish revised 06/5/17 106

example sentences: 1. iʔ n̓ty̓tyix k̓ik̓m̓mi n̓c̓spitkʷ áłiʔ n̓k̓stkʷil̓x iʔ siw̓łkʷ. (There are not many salmon left because the water is polluted.) 2. miyáł cn̓km̓itkʷstsəl̓x iʔ qaqxʷl̓x uł ksn̓c̓spítkʷaʔx iʔ qaqxʷl̓x. (They overfish too much so the fish are going to disapear.) 3. n̓c̓xʷəxʷitkʷstəlx t mc̓min̓ iʔ n̓sl̓xʷʔitkʷ uł cm̓c̓sap iʔ qaqxʷl̓x. (If they pour oil in the ocean̓ the fish are going to be all gone.)

25. n̓k̓stkʷil̓x- water become bad example sentences: 1. iʔ n̓ty̓tyix k̓ik̓m̓mi n̓c̓spitkʷ áłiʔ n̓k̓stkʷil̓x iʔ siw̓łkʷ. (There are not many salmon left because the water is polluted.) 2. iʔ st̓mʕal̓t n̓p̓c̓ʕatkʷsəl̓x iʔ cəcwíxaʔ uł lut k̓im̓ t̓ x̌ast iʔ siw̓łkʷtət n̓k̓stkʷil̓x. (The cattle shit in the creek and made the water bad) 3. yʕat iʔ stim̓iʔ k̓ast n̓c̓xʷitkʷsəl̓x l̓ cw̓cwíxaʔ naʔł saʔtítkʷ uł n̓k̓stkʷil̓x iʔ siw̓łkʷtət. (They dumps everything into the creeks and rivers so now our water has gone bad.)

26. k̓łyʕayʕaʔáp- trapped / stuck reduplication: example sentences: 1. tqipsəl̓x ʔi saʔtítkʷ uł k̓łyʕayʕaʔáp iʔ n̓ty̓tyix. (They have dammed the rivers and stopped the salmon from coming up.) 2. łə cxʷuy̓y̓ ʔał ʕ̓Ac̓xʷúlaʔxʷ xʷʔit sk̓łyʕayʕápsəl̓x kiʔ sic cy̓ʕapəl̓x. (When He Who Looks Over the Land, first came over the mountains, they were stuck a lot of times and then they arrived here.) 3. k̓łn̓xnips iʔ k̓łn̓k̓mip ilíʔ ck̓łyʕayʕaʔáp iʔ st̓mʕal̓t. (He closes the gate so the cattle get stuck there.)

27. mətxʷn̓cut- take/do too much example sentences: 1. iʔ sqilxʷ txət̓n̓tisəl̓x iʔ saʔtítkʷ uł lut myał ksmətxʷn̓cutsəl̓x ła c̓q̓aq̓ítaʔm̓. (People can take care of the river and not take to many fish when they go fishing.) 2. scqʷʕaqʷáʕx iʔ sqilxʷ. ilíʔ mətmətxʷn̓cutəl̓x uł cqmin̓ t sqʷʕaqʷʕax. (The people are drunk. They drink too much, then they're falling down̓ drunk.) 3. t̓iʔ put aksəckʷním. lut aksəcmətxʷn̓cút. (You take just so much. Don't take too much.)

N̓səl̓xcin̓ 3: An Advanced Course in Colville-Okanagan Salish revised 06/5/17 107

12. iʔ n̓ty̓tyix (sʔiłn̓) sʔaʔúm̓s əcstm̓usm̓ to net łuʔám̓ to spear n̓t̓lin̓kn̓t to gut n̓kr̓iw̓sn̓t split wiw̓sxn̓ a little long ʔay̓míw̓s cross k̓łlk̓n̓tim̓ /k̓łlk̓am̓ tie onto n̓k̓ʷl̓usn̓t cook on a fire n̓ʕałn̓tím̓ / n̓ʕałám̓ / n̓ʕałán̓t pile n̓p̓y̓qitkʷ done boiling / done cooking in water saʔst̓xítkʷm̓ drink soup kʷukʷscút do/have good lkmin̓ salmon stew n̓p̓t̓ʕatkʷn̓t dump mush into water cn̓c̓ix̌ fried n̓c̓ix̌n̓t fry wl̓qin̓t put on a lid smy̓may̓ t̓iʔ sqipcm̓uł way̓ tixʷməl̓x t n̓ty̓tyix. tixʷməl̓x uł k̓aʔáym̓ t n̓ty̓tyix. əcq̓itməl̓x, əcmulməl̓x, əcstm̓usm̓əl̓x uł to net łuʔám̓əl̓x. n̓t̓lin̓ksəl̓x uł c̓iw̓səl̓x, kpəkʷnínaʔsəl̓x t c̓art uł to spear; to gut kłixʷpsəl̓x. ixíʔ łə sc̓win. km̓ n̓pusn̓txʷ km̓ suln̓txʷ ʕapnáʔ.

q̓ʷlam̓ t n̓ty̓tyix n̓kr̓iw̓sn̓txʷ iʔ n̓ty̓tyix uł kʷ kʷnim̓iʔ t sx̌əx̌c̓iʔ t̓iʔ put iʔ split kswisxn̓s. naqswiw̓sx n̓ uł iʔ ʔasíl̓ x̌ał t̓ət̓áq̓aʔt ixíʔ c̓x̌ił t a little long ʔay̓míw̓s. iʔ ksk̓ʷul̓l̓s ilíʔ mik̓łlk̓n̓tixʷ. mi sic n̓ƛ̓k̓ʷpúlaʔxʷn̓txʷ cross; tie onto kłəʔam̓ iʔ l̓aʔ cwar̓. n̓k̓ʷl̓usn̓txʷ ilíʔ uł p̓l̓k̓m̓stixʷ. p̓y̓aq uł ixíʔ cook on a fire asʔíłn̓.

N̓səl̓xcin̓ 3: An Advanced Course in Colville-Okanagan Salish revised 06/5/17 108

cn̓pus iʔ n̓ty̓tyix naʔník̓n̓txʷ iʔ n̓ty̓tyix t̓iʔ put iʔ ksp̓íp̓sƛ̓aʔts. ixíʔ uł pile n̓ʕałn̓tíxʷ iʔ xƛ̓ut iʔ l̓ an̓púsmn̓. k̓ʷƛ̓pus uł n̓qmin̓txʷ iʔ n̓ty̓tyix. done boiling; drink ilíʔ uł n̓pust put n̓p̓y̓qitkʷ. uł ixíʔ asaʔst̓xítkʷm̓ uł n̓t̓ixn̓txʷ iʔ soup; do/have n̓ty̓tyix uł ixíʔ askʷukʷscút. good

lkmin̓ salmon stew naʔník̓n̓txʷ iʔ n̓ty̓tyix t̓iʔ put iʔ ksp̓íp̓sƛ̓aʔts. patáq mat ʔasíl̓ x̌ʷic̓n̓txʷ uł már̓wiʔn̓txʷ iʔ l̓ st̓xitkʷs. shayk̓ʷ naqs aksx̌ʷíc̓ uł ixíʔ nixʷ már̓wiʔn̓txʷ iʔ l̓ st̓xitkʷ. naqs yir̓k̓ʷqín̓ t liplí km̓ lipwʕá. naqs yirk̓ʷqín̓ t lparín̓. naqs łum̓n̓ t n̓páw̓laʔxʷ. tx̌ʷiw̓s yirk̓ʷqín̓ tsiw̓łkʷ. n̓ʔax̌líkstmn̓txʷ uł iʔ t łum̓n̓ n̓p̓t̓ʕatkʷn̓txʷ iʔ l̓ dump mush into st̓xitkʷ. k̓ʷƛ̓pus uł p̓y̓aq uł n̓tixn̓txʷ. water

n̓ty̓tyix, ʔik̓ʷn̓ naʔł síyaʔ naqs yir̓k̓ʷqín̓ t síyaʔ. tx̌ʷiw̓s yir̓k̓ʷqín̓ t ʔik̓ʷn̓. tx̌ʷiw̓s yir̓k̓ʷqín̓ t n̓ty̓tyix. naqs łum̓n̓ t lparín̓. aʔ cn̓pus km̓aʔ cx̌aw̓ km̓ aʔ csul̓t t síyaʔ aksk̓ʷúl̓mnm̓. p̓y̓qn̓tixʷ uł már̓wiʔn̓txʷ iʔ ʔik̓ʷn̓ naʔł n̓y̓tytix iʔ k̓l̓ síyaʔ. n̓pusn̓txʷ put p̓y̓aq uł n̓t̓ixn̓txʷ. uł ixíʔ askʷukʷscút. fried cn̓c̓ix̌ iʔ n̓ty̓tyix mus əcnaʔník̓ t n̓ty̓tyix. tx̌ʷiw̓s yirk̓ʷqín̓ t lparín̓. fry k̓ʷək̓ʷínaʔt c̓art naʔł tax̌t. p̓l̓k̓m̓stixʷ iʔ l̓ lparín̓mł n̓c̓ix̌n̓txʷ. put on a lid kʷaʔáł uł p̓l̓k̓m̓stixʷ. wl̓qin̓txʷ mł p̓y̓aq. sn̓súxʷnaʔ sw̓łtiłn̓ 1. pn̓kin̓ kiʔ tixʷməl̓x t n̓ty̓tyix ? 2. c̓kin̓ kiʔ tixʷməl̓x t n̓ty̓tyix ? 3. q̓sápiʔ, əxkistm̓ ʔi n̓ty̓ty̓ix uł way̓ əcq̓itməl̓x ? 4. stim̓ ʔi sc̓win̓ ? 5. ʕapnáʔ, stim̓ aʔ c̓kistm̓ iʔ n̓ty̓tyix uł way̓ əcq̓itməl̓x ? 6. stim̓ ʔa cxʔit aksk̓ʷúl̓mnm̓ ł aksq̓ʷlám̓ iʔ n̓ty̓tyix ? 7. c̓kin̓ aksk̓ʷúl̓mnm̓ iʔ sx̌əx̌c̓iʔ ł aksq̓ʷlám̓ iʔ n̓ty̓tyix ? 8. k̓aʔkín̓ aksn̓ƛ̓k̓ʷpúlaʔxʷm̓ aʔ ck̓łlk̓ntim̓ n̓ty̓tyix mi p̓y̓aq ? 9. łə k̓ʷƛ̓pus, stim̓ aksn̓qmínm̓ l̓ n̓cix̌cx̌t ? 10. stim̓ ʔi sk̓ʷan̓łq aksmár̓wiʔm̓ l̓ st̓xitkʷ ł aksk̓ʷl̓cn̓cút t lkmin̓ ? 11. k̓ʷinx iʔ n̓páw̓laʔxʷ aksn̓már̓wiʔm̓ l̓ lparín̓ ł aksk̓ʷl̓cn̓cút t lkmin̓? N̓səl̓xcin̓ 3: An Advanced Course in Colville-Okanagan Salish revised 06/5/17 109

an̓cáw̓t sw̓łtiłn̓ 1. ha p ctixʷm̓ t n̓ty̓tyix naʔł asnəqsílxʷ ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 2. ha n̓t̓lin̓kn̓txʷ iʔ qaqxʷl̓x t nəqspn̓tk ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? may̓xít. 3. ha ckpəkʷnínaʔstxʷ t c̓art asʔíłn̓ ? t tax̌t ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 4. ła cp̓y̓qstixʷ iʔ qaqxʷl̓x, ha cn̓pustxʷ ? may̓xít. 5. stim̓ ʔi kłixʷpn̓txʷ t n̓kʷəkʷʔac ? may̓xít. 6. stim̓ ʔi n̓kr̓iw̓sn̓txʷ tnəqskʕacíw̓s ? may̓xít. 7. stim̓ ʔi n̓ƛ̓k̓ʷpúlaʔxʷn̓txʷ t scaʔáqʷ ? may̓xít. 8. ha n̓k̓ʷl̓usn̓txʷ stim̓ tnəqspin̓tk ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 9. ha kʷ saʔst̓xítkʷm̓ t skłəʔaʔ ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 10. ha an̓x̌ást iʔ lkmin̓ t sʔiłn̓ ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 11. ha an̓x̌ást iʔ st̓xitkʷ ck̓ʷul̓l̓ t patáq, shay̓kʷ naʔł lipwʕá ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 12. ha ck̓ʷul̓m̓stxʷ iʔ síyaʔ kʷ ła ck̓ʷl̓cn̓cut ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 13. stim̓ an̓misx̌ást tsʔiłn, cn̓c̓ix̌ t sʔiłn̓ km̓ qal̓t t sʔiłn̓ ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 14. stim̓ ʔi wl̓qín̓txʷ t spiʔsc̓íłt ? may̓xít. skłʔiy̓sm̓ t x̌ilm̓ʔ s aʔúm̓s A. Point of View Excercise aksck̓ʷúl̓: change the phrase for each new subject and object, maintaining the same tense. Follow the model. Translate the new phrase to English. t̓iʔ sqipcm̓ uł way̓tixʷm əl̓x t n̓ty̓tyix. EX: in̓cá / pƛ̓qin̓: t̓iʔ sqipcm̓ uł way̓kn̓ tixʷm̓t pƛ̓qin̓.

1. anwí / sc̓əc̓ák̓aʔ: nuyápixcn̓:

2. Praswá / c̓ápaʔx̌: nuyápixcn̓:

3. in̓cá naʔł anwí / qʷəqʷłin: nuyápixcn̓:

4. anwí naʔł asx̌mn̓káw̓s / ckʷasq̓l̓stn̓: nuyápixcn̓:

B. Point of View Excercise aksck̓ʷúl̓: change the phrase for each new subject, maintaining the same tense. Follow the model. Translate the new phrase to English.

n̓t̓lin̓ksəl̓x uł c̓iw̓səl̓x, kpəkʷnínaʔsəl̓x t c̓art uł kłixʷpsəl̓x. EX: anwí: n̓t̓lin̓kn̓txʷ uł c̓iw̓n̓txʷ, kpəkʷnínaʔn̓txʷ t c̓art uł kłixʷpn̓txʷ.

1. in̓cá: nuyápixcn̓: N̓səl̓xcin̓ 3: An Advanced Course in Colville-Okanagan Salish revised 06/5/17 110

2. Sasʕás: nuyápixcn̓:

3. X̌sal̓qs naʔł in̓cá: nuyápixcn̓:

4. anwí naʔł an̓hʕápaʔ: nuyápixcn̓:

C. Point of View Excercise aksck̓ʷúl̓: change the phrase for each new subject, maintaining the same tense. Follow the model. Translate the new phrase to English.

uł ixíʔ asaʔst̓xítkʷm̓uł n̓t̓ixn̓txʷ iʔ n̓ty̓tyix uł ixíʔ askʷukʷscút. EX: in̓cá: uł ixíʔ isaʔst̓xítkʷm̓ uł n̓t̓ixn̓i ʔ n̓ty̓tyix uł ixíʔ iskʷukʷscút.

1. Pn̓łpal̓qs: nuyápixcn̓:

2. Sxʷínaʔqn̓ naʔł in̓cá: nuyápixcn̓:

3. anwí naʔł asx̌áx̌paʔ: nuyápixcn̓:

4. Ml̓xal̓qs naʔł łkíkxaʔs: nuyápixcn̓:

D. Transitive to Plural Transitive Command aksck̓ʷúl̓: change the phrase to a plural command. Follow the model. Translate the new phrase to English.

EX: n̓kriw̓sn̓txʷ iʔ n̓ty̓tyix. n̓kriw̓sn̓tp / n̓kríw̓sn̓ti iʔ n̓ty̓tyix.

1. ilíʔ mi k̓łlk̓n̓tixʷ. nuyápixcn̓:

2. n̓ƛ̓k̓ʷpúlaʔxʷn̓txʷ kłəʔam̓ iʔ l̓ aʔ cwar̓. nuyápixcn̓:

3. n̓k̓ʷl̓usn̓txʷ ilíʔ uł p̓l̓k̓m̓stixʷ. nuyápixcn̓:

4. naʔník̓n̓txʷ iʔ n̓ty̓tyix. nuyápixcn̓: N̓səl̓xcin̓ 3: An Advanced Course in Colville-Okanagan Salish revised 06/5/17 111

5. n̓ʕałn̓tíxʷ iʔ xƛ̓ut ʔi l̓ an̓púsmn̓. nuyápixcn̓:

E. Actual/habitual 36 Verb Box aksck̓ʷúl̓: Complete the box with correct transitive verb/object forms. ctixʷxt- to gather for in̓cá anwí cniłc mnim̓łtət mnim̓łəm̓p mnim̓łcəl̓x in̓cá xxx ctixʷxtmn̓ ctixʷxtn̓ xxx ctixʷłəmn̓ ctixʷxtnəl̓x anwí kʷuʔ xxx ctixʷxtxʷ kʷuʔ ctixʷxtxʷ xxx ctixʷxtxʷəl̓x ctixʷxtxʷ cniłc kʷuʔ ctixʷxts ctixʷxtm̓s ctixʷxts kʷuʔ ctixʷxtm̓ ctixʷłəm̓s ctixʷxtsəl̓x mnim̓łtət xxx ctixʷxtm̓t ctixʷxtm̓ xxx ctixʷłəm̓t ctixʷxtməl̓x mnim̓łəm̓p kʷuʔ ctixʷxtp xxx ctixʷxtp kʷuʔ ctixʷxtp xxx ctixʷxtpəl̓x cniłcəlx kʷuʔ ctixʷxtm̓səl̓x ctixʷxtsəl̓x kʷuʔ ctixʷłəm̓səl̓x ctixʷxtməl̓x ctixʷxtsəl̓x ctixʷxtməl̓x mnim̓łcəl̓x

F. Transitive Verbal Exchanges with Objects aksck̓ʷúl̓: answer the questions with a complete n̓səl̓xcin̓ sentence. Translate the question and your answer to English.

1. ha kʷuʔ ctixʷxtxʷ iʔ mxiłp ? (kiw̓)

2. ha Qʷy̓al̓qs ctixʷłəm̓s iʔ qʷil̓cn̓ ? (lut)

3. swit iʔ kʷuʔ ctixʷxtm̓ ʔi c̓kʷikʷ ? (Saláwaʔt)

4. ha ctixʷłəm̓səl̓x iʔ qʷl̓qʷlm̓niłp ? (lut)

5. ha swit ctixʷxtm̓s ʔi pun̓łp ? (kiw̓)

6. ha kʷ clim̓t uł ctixʷxtmn̓ axáʔ t sc̓r̓siłəml̓x iʔ packłs ? (lut)

N̓səl̓xcin̓ 3: An Advanced Course in Colville-Okanagan Salish revised 06/5/17 112

G. Future 36 Verb Box aksck̓ʷúl̓: Complete the box with correct transitive verb/object forms. kstixʷxt- to gather for in̓cá anwí cniłc mnim̓łtət mnim̓łəm̓p mnim̓łcəl̓x in̓cá xxx kʷ ikstíxʷxtm̓ xxx p ikstíxʷxtm̓ ikstíxʷxtməl̓x ikstíxʷxtm̓ anwí kʷuʔ xxx akstíxʷxtm̓ kʷuʔ akstíxʷxtm̓ xxx akstíxʷxtməl̓x akstíxʷxtm̓ cniłc kʷuʔ kstixʷxts kstixʷxtm̓s kstixʷxts kʷuʔ kstixʷxtm̓ kstixʷłəm̓s kstixʷxtsəl̓x mnim̓łtət xxx kstixʷxtm̓t kstixʷxtm̓ xxx kstixʷłəm̓t kstixʷxtməl̓x mnim̓łəm̓p kʷuʔ xxx kstixʷxtp kʷuʔ kstixʷxtp xxx kstixʷxtpəl̓x kstixʷxtp cniłcəlx kʷuʔ kstixʷxtm̓s- kstixʷxtsəl̓x kʷuʔ kstixʷłəm̓səl̓x kstixʷxtməl̓x kstixʷxtsəl̓x əl̓x kstixʷxtməl̓x mnim̓łcəl̓x

H. Transitive Verbal Exchanges with Objects aksck̓ʷúl̓: answer the questions with a complete n̓səl̓xcin̓ sentence. Translate the question and your answer to English.

1. ha kʷuʔ akstíxʷxtm̓ʔ i skʷəkʷiłp ? (kiw̓)

2. ha Qʷy̓al̓qs kstixʷłəm̓s iʔ q̓íp̓xʷaʔ ? (kiw̓, nínwiʔs)

3. swit iʔ kʷuʔ kstixʷxtm̓ iʔ sc̓əc̓ris ? (Sʕam̓tíc̓aʔ)

4. ha kstixʷłəm̓səl̓x iʔ sc̓əc̓ák̓aʔ ? (lut)

5. ha swit kstixʷxtm̓s iʔ sp̓ic̓n̓ ? (kiw̓)

6. ha kʷ lim̓t uł kʷ ikstíxʷxtm̓ iʔ mul̓x iʔ packłs ? (lut)

N̓səl̓xcin̓ 3: An Advanced Course in Colville-Okanagan Salish revised 06/5/17 113

ck̓ʷul̓m̓stm̓ iʔ sʔaʔúm̓s 1. cstm̓usm̓- scoop with a net example sentences: 1. əcq̓itməl̓x, əcmulməl̓x, əcstm̓usm̓əl̓x uł łuʔám̓əl̓x. (They hook them, scoop them with a net and trapped them for spearing.) 2. ła cn̓k̓wilx iʔ qaqxʷl̓x ilíʔ k̓ʷul̓məl̓x t stm̓us uł ilíʔ k̓liʕ̓áp ʔi qaqxʷl̓x uł əcstm̓usm̓əl̓x. (When the fish run up stream̓they build a trap and the fish can't pass then they net them.) 3. n̓c̓litkʷsəl̓x ʔi sx̌əx̌c̓iʔ uł k̓łtr̓n̓tisəl̓x t aʔ cqʷas t ʔululím̓. (They stick sticks across the creek and string mesh wire to make their trap.)

2. łuʔám̓- to spear example sentences: 1. əcq̓itməl̓x, əcmulməl̓x, əcstm̓usm̓əl̓x uł łuʔám̓əl̓x. (They hook them, scoop them with a net and trapped them for spearing.) 2. sisyíkst iʔ k̓ʷiƛ̓t ła ck̓ʷul̓m̓sts iʔ łuʔmín. (Some are good at using spears.) 3. kt̓ustíw̓s l̓ xƛ̓ut uł cłəw̓łəwam̓ aʔ ckłqaqxʷl̓xm̓. (The fishermen stand on the rocks when they're spearing fish.)

3. n̓t̓lin̓kn̓t- gut something example sentences: 1. n̓t̓lin̓ksəl̓x uł c̓iw̓səl̓x, kpəkʷnínaʔsəl̓x t c̓art uł kłixʷpsəl̓x. (They gut and wash them, salt them and hang them. That is dried salmon.) 2. iʔ qaqxʷl̓x cn̓t̓lin̓kstəlx, iʔ sƛ̓aʔcínm̓c n̓t̓lin̓kstsəl̓x. (They gut fish, they gut deer.) 3. iʔ st̓mʕal̓t n̓t̓lin̓ksəl̓x uł cp̓ʔin̓kstsəl̓x. (They gut cows and they fix the tripe.)

4. kpəkʷnínaʔn̓t- sprinkle example sentences: 1. n̓t̓lin̓ksəl̓x uł c̓iw̓səl̓x, kpəkʷnínaʔsəl̓x t c̓art uł kłixʷpsəl̓x. (They gut and wash them, salt them and hang them.) 2. lut miyáł akspəkʷínaʔm, t̓aw̓nínaʔxʷ kpəpkʷínaʔn̓txʷ. (Don't put too much on it, just sprinkle on a little bit.) 3. iʔ tm̓niʔ ckpək̓ínaʔstm̓. (We sprinkle dirt on the corpse.)

5. nkr̓iw̓snt- split something example sentences: 1. n̓kriw̓sn̓txʷ iʔ n̓ty̓tyix uł kʷ kʷnim̓ iʔ t sx̌əx̌c̓iʔ t̓iʔ put iʔ kswisxn̓s. (Split the salmon and take a stick that is just the right length.) 2. n̓k̓r̓k̓riw̓sn̓t iʔ síp̓iʔ. (Split the buckskins in half.) 3. k̓sk̓asəsəl̓x uł n̓k̓riw̓səsəl̓x iʔ t̓m̓xʷúlaʔxʷsəl̓x. (They argued so they cut their property in half.)

6. wiw̓sxn̓- a little long example sentences:

N̓səl̓xcin̓ 3: An Advanced Course in Colville-Okanagan Salish revised 06/5/17 114

1. naqs wiw̓sxn̓ uł iʔ ʔasíl̓ x̌ał t̓ət̓aq̓t̓áq̓aʔt ixíʔ c̓x̌ił t ʔay̓míw̓s. (One longer and two a bit shorter, then cross them over one another.) 2. iʔ cix̌cx̌t kəkwápaʔ wəw̓əswisxn. (The hotdogs were little long ones.) 3. x̌ał wiw̓sxn̓ aksk̓ʷúl̓m̓ iʔ łəłaxʷs. (Make her dress a bit long.)

7. ʔay̓míw̓s- cross example sentences: 1. naqs wiw̓sxn̓ uł iʔ ʔasíl̓ x̌ał t̓ət̓aq̓t̓áq̓aʔt ixíʔ c̓x̌ił t ʔay̓míw̓s. (One longer and two a bit shorter, then cross them over one another.) 2. xʷʔit iʔ ʔay̓ʔay̓míw̓s l̓ n̓tm̓tm̓niʔtn̓. (There are a lot of crosses at the graveyard.) 3. lut miyáł ksíl̓xʷaʔs ikłʔay̓míw̓s. (Don't make my cross too big.)

8. k̓łlk̓n̓tim̓/ k̓łlk̓an̓t- tie something onto something example sentences: 1. iʔ ksk̓ʷul̓l̓s ilíʔ mi k̓łlk̓n̓tixʷ. (You make it like that to tie it on.) 2. n̓qmin̓ l̓ ƛ̓áqnáʔ uł k̓łlk̓lk̓n̓tin̓. (I put them in sacks and tied them up.) 3. wikn̓ ilíʔ xʷʔit aʔ ck̓łlk̓lak̓. (I saw a lot of bundles tied up.)

9. n̓k̓ʷl̓usn̓t- cook on the fire example sentences: 1. n̓k̓ʷl̓usn̓txʷ ilíʔ uł p̓l̓k̓m̓stixʷ. (Let it cook and turn̓it over and over.) 2. n̓c̓lusn̓t iʔ n̓ty̓tyix uł n̓kʷl̓kʷl̓usn̓t. (Stick the salmon near the fire and cook it.) 3. cn̓k̓ʷl̓us iʔ lkalát. (You can cook bread on the fire.)

10. n̓ʕałn̓tím̓/ n̓ʕałán̓t- to pile example sentences: 1. ixíʔ uł n̓ʕałn̓tíxʷ iʔ xƛ̓ut iʔ l̓ an̓púsmn̓. (Then you pile the rocks in your boiling pot.) 2. cn̓ʕałstím̓iʔ xƛ̓ut l̓ kʷil̓stn̓. (We pile the rocks in the sweat.) 3. ʔúluʔsn̓tm̓iʔ xƛ̓ut tl̓ n̓k̓ʷan̓łqtn̓ uł ʕałn̓tím̓k̓l̓ sk̓ʷut. (We gather the rocks in the garden̓ and pile them on the side.)

11. n̓p̓y̓qitkʷ- done cooking in water example sentences: 1. ilíʔ uł n̓pust put n̓p̓y̓qitkʷ. (Let it boil until its boil-cooked.) 2. n̓qmnitkʷn̓tm̓ iʔ sn̓p̓tʕálaʔxʷ uł n̓p̓iʔp̓iʔqítkʷ. (We put the dumplings in the water until their done cooking.) 3. lut miyáł ksn̓taʔkʷítkʷs asc̓m̓qín. cm̓n̓p̓y̓qitkʷ asíp̓iʔ. (Don't have your brain̓ liquid to hot or your hide will cook.)

12. saʔst̓xítkʷm̓- drink soup example sentences: 1. uł ixíʔ asaʔst̓xítkʷm̓uł nt̓ixn̓txʷ iʔ n̓ty̓tyix uł ixíʔaskʷukʷscút . (And then you drink the soup and N̓səl̓xcin̓ 3: An Advanced Course in Colville-Okanagan Salish revised 06/5/17 115

dish up the salmon and then you have a good feast.) 2. cy̓ʕap uł saʔsaʔst̓xítkʷm̓sic itlíʔ xʷuy̓y̓əl̓x. (When they arrived they had some soup then they went on.) 3. way n̓tx̌ʷəx̌ʷqin̓. saʔst̓xítkʷxʷ. (It's noon. Have some soup.)

13. kʷukʷscút- have/do good example sentences: 1. uł ixíʔ askʷukʷscút. (And that's a good meal for you.) 2. kʷu ʔam̓tís t xʷəxʷmínaʔ uł kn̓ kʷukʷscút. (She gave me some trout and I had a good feed.) 3. kʷ kʷukʷscút, x̌ast astaʔxʷsník̓łxʷ. (Good for you, you have a good son-in-law.) 4. way kʷ kʷukʷscút kʷ taʔxʷłnax̌ʷnx̌ʷ. (You can be thankful you have a wife to enjoy) 5. kʷu ʔam̓tísəl̓x t st̓xitkʷ uł tałt kn̓ kʷukʷscút. (They fed me some soup, and I really enjoyed it.)

14. n̓p̓t̓ʕatkʷn̓t- drop mush into liquid example sentences: 1. n̓ʔax̌líkstmn̓txʷ uł iʔ t łum̓n̓ n̓p̓t̓ʕatkʷn̓txʷ iʔ l̓ st̓xitkʷ. (Stir and with a spoon drop it into the soup.) 2. n̓p̓t̓p̓t̓ʕan̓t iʔ sn̓p̓q̓ʷitkʷ l̓ n̓k̓ək̓ʕap. (Drop the mush in the bowls.) 3. iʔ st̓mʕal̓t, n̓q̓iln̓k uł p̓c̓ʕam̓ t̓iʔ p̓ʕat̓ p̓ʕat̓. (When a cow has a bellyache when she poops it comes splat splat.)

15. cn̓c̓ix̌- fried example sentences: 1. cnc̓ix̌ iʔ n̓ty̓tyix. (Fried salmon.) 2. ilíʔ mi n̓c̓x̌c̓ix̌n̓tm̓iʔ qaqxʷl̓x. (We will fry those fish there.) 3. ha aksn̓c̓íx̌m̓ ? (Are you going to fry it?)

16. n̓c̓ix̌n̓t- to fry example sentences: 1. p̓l̓k̓m̓stixʷʔ i l̓ lparín̓ mł n̓c̓ix̌n̓txʷ. (Turn̓ over in the flour and fry.) 2. in̓misx̌ást ła cn̓c̓ix̌ iʔ qaqxʷl̓x. (I like my fish better when its fried.) 3. kʷu n̓c̓ix̌xt t pn̓im̓k. (Fry me some liver.)

17. wl̓qin̓t- cover with a lid reduplication: wl̓wl̓qin̓t example sentences: 1. wl̓qin̓txʷ mł p̓y̓aq. (Cover until cooked.) 2. łə wiʔs nutnutn̓tíxʷ akscn̓pús ułwl̓wl̓qin̓t. (When you get done putting what you're going to can put the covers on.) 3. wl̓qín̓t ask̓ʷul̓cn̓cút. (Cover your cooking.)

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13. cłəłt̓am̓k̓l̓ Sx̌ʷnitkʷ tl̓ Mourning Dove (Christine Quintasket) sʔaʔúm̓s scəcwix Coeur d'Alene people spəpílyaʔqnx Flathead people Skłʔam̓cín̓ dug up ground əct̓cy̓ʕap come to skʷan̓t Omak / St. Mary's Mission sn̓xaʔm̓xcin̓x Wenatchee-Columbia people łəkcin̓ woven basket cγiy woven tk̓am̓łəniw̓t both sides k̓łn̓wistm̓ on something above kłʔaksw̓xíw̓stn̓ scaffold kt̓w̓stiw̓s stand on csl̓stim̓ / sl̓an̓t / sl̓am̓ to place things ck̓łyir̓k̓ʷcín̓ basket rim n̓xʷƛ̓aqsn̓t sharpen̓ something n̓x̌ʷy̓x̌ʷy̓aqs sharp point cmac̓ smeared c̓q̓aq̓ hit/struck lγmin̓ spearhead k̓ipxəl̓x struggle səxʷkłqaqxʷl̓xm̓ fisherman n̓kłiw̓sn̓t divide something mil̓n̓t share fish səxʷn̓kłiw̓sm̓ divider yaʔkʷmínm̓ be selfish sn̓x̌w̓min̓ drying rack cx̌aʔx̌áʔ sacred qixʷn̓t chase/drive something away n̓q̓ʷaʔtkʷl̓scút wash clothes naʔc̓n̓tíl̓s offend

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ʔaslúsm̓ both sides cp̓an̓ lay down c̓ax̌ʷ wager cq̓əq̓ax̌ trail/trench cn̓l̓xʷúlaʔxʷ dip in land lγap pierce lγpnunm̓ / lɣpnun̓t manage to pierce smy̓may̓ l̓ kłəx̌ʷłəx̌ʷtan̓ ʔim̓x in̓ƛ̓x̌əx̌ƛ̓x̌ap k̓l̓ Sx̌ʷnitkʷ, ilíʔ kaʔ cłəłt̓am̓. kʷu łə yʕap, way̓ ilíʔ ksqilxʷ cłuʔám̓ t n̓ty̓tyix. ʔ i n̓ty̓tyix cil̓kst ʔití ksn̓k̓aʔwíl̓s t n̓sl̓xʷʔitkʷ ixíʔ cksx̌an̓ iʔ t Sx̌ʷnitkʷ. yʕat tlaʔkín̓ iʔ sqilxʷ st̓cxʷuy̓ k̓l̓ Sx̌ʷnitkʷ ckłqaqxʷl̓m̓. iʔ sn̓xʷmínaʔx, iʔ ql̓spil̓x, scəcwix uł nixʷ iʔ spəpílyaʔqnx ccy̓ʕapəl̓x Coeur d'Alene tl̓ sk̓ʷƛ̓ptan̓. iʔ sqilxʷ tl̓ sk̓ʷƛ̓ptan̓ l̓ sk̓ʷƛ̓ptan̓sʔ i saʔtítkʷ kaʔ people; Flathead cpul̓x. iʔ tm̓xʷúlaʔxʷ tl̓ sk̓ʷƛ̓ptan̓sʔ i saʔtítkʷ iʔ sʔúm̓laʔxʷs Skłʔam̓cín̓. dug up ground iʔ sqilxʷ nixʷ tl̓ sk̓l̓xʷtan̓ əccy̓ʕap. iʔ tl̓ Swiw̓sə ct̓cy̓ʕap, tl̓ come to Skʷan̓t uł nixʷ tl̓ sn̓pʕawíl̓x iʔ tm̓xʷúlaʔxʷs uł itlíʔ nixʷ iʔ Omak/St. Mary's sn̓xaʔm̓xcin̓x. iʔ sqilxʷ tl̓ sk̓l̓xʷtan̓ l̓ sk̓l̓xʷtan̓sʔ i saʔtítkʷ kaʔ Mission; cpul̓x. iʔ tm̓xʷúlaʔxʷ ta ck̓l̓ sk̓l̓xʷtan̓ Łəkcin̓ (cγiy t yám̓x̌ʷaʔ) Wenatchee- ixíʔ iʔ sʔúm̓laʔxʷs. iʔ sx̌ʷy̓ʔiłpx naʔł sn̓ʕ̓ay̓ckstx xiʔxiʔstísəl̓x ʕy at Columbia people; iʔ sqilxʷ iʔ l̓ tm̓xʷúlaʔxʷsəl̓x. ʔi sx̌ʷy̓ʔiłpx cpul̓x l̓ tk̓am̓łəniw̓ts iʔ woven basket; saʔtítkʷ. iʔ sn̓ʕ̓ay̓ckstx l̓ ksun̓kʷ cpul̓x k̓łn̓wistm̓s iʔ syəxʷmitkʷ. woven; both sides; iʔ sql̓ql̓tmixʷ ck̓ʷul̓m̓ t kłʔaksw̓xíw̓stn̓s tl̓ yl̓yul̓t t̓xʷ xiʔmíx on something t tkl̓kl̓xmikstn̓. t̓iʔ kmax iʔ sql̓ql̓tmixʷ kaʔ cmulm̓ km̓ ʔłu ám̓ t above; scaffold n̓ty̓tyix. ilíʔ kt̓w̓stiw̓s l̓ kłʔaksw̓xíw̓stn̓s uł łuʔám̓ t n̓ty̓tyix km̓ t stand on mulmn̓. iʔ p̓ísƛ̓aʔt ym̓yám̓x̌ʷaʔ csl̓stisəl̓x k̓ay̓xʷútm̓s iʔ to place syəxʷmitkʷ ixíʔ mi cn̓sʕasʕát ik̓líʔ iʔ n̓ty̓tyix ła cłət̓pmn̓cut uł til̓xʷs əł ksqil̓ts uł łcyaxʷt. iʔ tl̓ stəktəkcxʷiłp k̓ʷl̓k̓ʷul̓məl̓x písƛ̓aʔt iʔ ym̓yám̓x̌ʷaʔ uł ck̓łyir̓k̓ʷcín̓ t siʔíłəml̓x. basket rim kʷ ł aksk̓ʷúl̓m̓ t wick c̓x̌ił t q̓sápiʔ, n̓xʷƛ̓aqsəs iʔ qʷm̓qin̓s sharpen iʔ sƛ̓aʔcínm̓uł n̓x̌ʷy̓x̌ʷy̓aqs km̓i ʔ sc̓im̓ nixʷ ixíʔ ck̓ʷul̓m̓stəl̓x. sharp point kʕ̓acn̓tísəl̓x l̓ sx̌əx̌c̓iʔ iʔ l̓ n̓k̓am̓qn̓s. iʔ n̓k̓m̓k̓am̓qn̓s cmac̓ t t̓ic̓. iʔ smear t sp̓ic̓n̓ clk̓qin̓uł ckʕaʔác l̓ sx̌əx̌c̓iʔ iʔ tk̓míplaʔs. łə c̓q̓aq̓ iʔ handle; hit/struck;

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qaqxʷl̓x, ʔi lγmin̓s ck̓ʷƛ̓ap tl̓ sx̌əx̌c̓iʔ ła ck̓ipxəl̓x iʔ qaqxʷl̓x. ʔi spearhead; səxʷkłqaqxʷl̓xm̓ k̓łʔim̓s putʔ ay̓x̌ʷt iʔ qaqxʷl̓x, ixíʔ mi sic struggle; fisherman n̓ckʷitkʷs iʔ sckʷn̓iʔsts. ʔasíl̓l̓ naqs sx̌l̓x̌ʕal̓t, yʕat iʔ sckʷn̓iʔsts n̓kłiw̓səs uł mil̓səl̓x divide; share k̓l̓ sqilxʷ. iʔ səxʷn̓kłiw̓sm̓t qaqxʷl̓x xʷc̓xʷic̓xts iʔ nəqsil̓t c̓kin̓ iʔ divider stxʷaʔxʷʔítsəl̓x. ʕy at iʔ n̓ty̓tyix cmil̓ k̓l̓ yʕat iʔ sqilxʷ iʔ ilíʔ l̓ syəxʷmitkʷ. lut t̓ stim̓ lut łə knxtiłn̓ l̓ skłqaqxʷl̓xm̓k m̓ cmay̓ t̓iʔ ml̓mil̓təl̓x. ʕy at papút iʔ ksxʷic̓əc̓xs, ixíʔ mi lut ksn̓stil̓sts səcyaʔkʷmínm̓s iʔ n̓ty̓tyix, cm̓ n̓stil̓s uł kmax k̓l̓ cniłc, ixíʔ mi lut be selfish kłcp̓lak̓s k̓l̓ syəxʷmitkʷ. iʔ smam̓ʔím̓ naník̓səl̓x iʔ n̓ty̓tyix uł x̌w̓n̓tisəl̓x l̓ sn̓x̌w̓min̓səl̓x. iʔ smam̓ʔím̓ ckl̓kʷil̓xm̓stsʔ i sql̓ql̓tmixʷ, áłiʔ drying rack cx̌aʔx̌áʔ iʔ smam̓ʔím̓uł cm̓ qixʷs iʔ qaqxʷl̓x. ła cn̓mulm̓i ʔ sacred; chase sqilxʷ niʕ̓áy̓p tl̓ ʔay̓xʷútm̓sʔ i syəxʷmitkʷ. łə n̓mulm̓ tl̓ tqil̓tkm̓s away iʔ syəxʷmitkʷ cm̓ n̓x̌il̓sts iʔ n̓ty̓tyix. uł nixʷ ła ccʕal̓x uł n̓q̓ʷaʔtkʷl̓scút kixʷútm̓s iʔ syəxʷmitkʷ, lut pn̓kin̓ tl̓ tqil̓tk. iʔ młk̓íyaʔ naʔł sqʷəqʷłmusts iʔ n̓ty̓tyix cliq̓stsəl̓x. ixíʔ mi lut wash clothes kłn̓c̓q̓mnitkʷsts k̓l̓ siw̓łkʷ uł naʔc̓n̓tíl̓s iʔ n̓ty̓tyix. iʔ smam̓ʔím̓ offend l̓kʷut kixʷútm̓s iʔ syəxʷmitkʷ kaʔ kłkʷil̓stn̓ uł put c̓ʔuy, ƛ̓lap ʔi n̓ty̓tyix ła cn̓k̓aʔwílx, mi ckʷil̓stnm̓. iʔ sql̓ql̓tmixʷ tqil̓tkm̓s iʔ syəxʷmitkʷ kaʔ kłkʷil̓stn̓ uł t̓iʔ kmax iʔ sql̓ql̓tmixʷ ilíʔ aʔ cxʷuy̓. lut t̓iʔ kmax qaqxʷl̓x cłəłt̓am̓. ilíʔ iʔ sqilxʷ cpl̓pul̓x l̓ syəxʷmitkʷ. ixíʔ iʔ k̓ʷiƛ̓t cml̓mil̓t,ə cx̌əcx̌cam̓, cn̓ʔay̓xʷíw̓sm̓, ck̓ʷl̓cn̓cut uł itíʔ ck̓ʷl̓k̓ʷul̓m̓. łə k̓laxʷ, wr̓wram̓ p̓ísƛ̓aʔt iʔ kscwar̓səl̓x ixíʔ uł n̓x̌l̓tusəs swit mi c̓lal̓qʷm̓. ʔaslúsm̓kłqʷil m̓uł both sides əcn̓kʷnistsəl̓x ła cc̓lal̓qʷm̓. iʔ nəqsusm̓ cp̓an̓ iʔ wisxn̓ sx̌əx̌c̓iʔ l̓ lay down n̓xaʔcín̓m̓s, ixíʔ csəp̓stisəl̓x ła cn̓kʷnim̓. iʔ ksc̓ax̌ʷs iʔ sqilxʷ l̓ wager n̓q̓aʔmíw̓s ʔka cax̌ʷ, iʔ səc̓sic̓m̓, sqlaw̓, ilíʔ ctx̌ʷayqn̓. yʕayʕátəl̓x cc̓lal̓qʷm̓i ʔ smam̓ʔím̓na ʔł sql̓ql̓tmixʷ, ła claʔkín̓ cq̓sápiʔ naqs sx̌l̓x̌ʕal̓t m̓k xʷʔasq̓t. ła claʔkín̓ t̓iʔ ʔay̓xáxaʔ way̓ ƛ̓xʷup iʔ nəqsusm̓. iʔ sql̓ql̓tmixʷ ck̓ʷak̓ʷúl̓sts iʔ ckʷin̓ks naʔł c̓q̓iln̓. k̓ʷul̓m̓ t qicəc iʔ tl̓ siʔíłəml̓x, ixíʔ cq̓əq̓ax̌ c̓x̌ił cn̓l̓xʷúlaʔxʷ ilíʔ uł trail/trench; dip in ck̓ʷaʔíl̓k̓səl̓x iʔ qicəcsəl̓x. uł iʔ tl̓ sək̓ʷtiw̓s ilíʔ kłckʷin̓k iʔ knaqs the land uł kswits mi iʔ c̓q̓iln̓s kslγaps iʔ t aʔ cqicəc. cniłc łə lγpnus aʔ pierce; manage to cqicəc uł iʔ knaqs xik̓s, ixíʔ uł ƛ̓x̌ʷup t̓xʷ stim̓ itíʔ iʔ sc̓ax̌ʷs. pierce N̓səl̓xcin̓ 3: An Advanced Course in Colville-Okanagan Salish revised 06/5/17 119

sn̓súxʷnaʔ sw̓łtiłn̓ 1. pn̓kin̓ kiʔ ʔim̓x Hmishməs iʔ ƛ̓x̌əx̌ƛ̓x̌aps k̓l̓ Sx̌ʷnitkʷ ?səxkinx ? 2. stim̓ ʔa c̓kists ʔi sqilxʷ łə yʕap Hmishməs iʔ snəqsilxʷs k̓l̓ Sx̌ʷnitkʷ ? 3. k̓ʷinx iʔ qaqxʷl̓x ksn̓k̓aʔwíl̓s t n̓sl̓xʷʔitkʷ ixíʔ cksx̌an̓ iʔ t Sx̌ʷnitkʷ ? 4. sw̓swit y̓ʕapəl̓x k̓l̓ Sx̌ʷnitkʷ tl̓ sk̓ʷƛ̓ptan̓ ? 5. k̓aʔkín̓ kaʔ cpul̓x iʔ sqilxʷ tl̓ sk̓ʷƛ̓ptan̓ ? 6. stim̓ ʔi sʔúm̓laʔxʷs iʔ tm̓xʷúlaʔxʷ tl̓ sk̓ʷƛ̓ptan̓s iʔ saʔtítkʷ ? 7. sw̓swit y̓ʕapəl̓x k̓l̓ Sx̌ʷnitkʷ tl̓ sk̓l̓xʷtan̓ ? 8. k̓aʔkín̓ kaʔ cpul̓x iʔ sqilxʷ tl̓ sk̓l̓xʷtan̓ ? 9. stim̓ ʔi sʔúm̓laʔxʷs iʔ tm̓xʷúlaʔxʷ tl̓ sk̓l̓xʷtan̓s iʔ saʔtítkʷ ? 10. k̓aʔkín̓ kaʔ cpulx iʔ sx̌ʷy̓ʔiłpx ? 11. k̓aʔkín̓ kaʔ cpulx iʔ sn̓ʕ̓ay̓ckstx ? 12. t stim̓ ck̓ʷul̓m̓ t kłʔaksw̓xíw̓stn̓s iʔ sql̓ql̓tmixʷ ? 13. swit aʔ cmulm̓ km̓ łuʔám̓ t qaqxʷl̓x k̓l̓ Sx̌ʷnitkʷ ? 14. stim̓ ʔa csl̓stisəl̓x k̓ay̓xʷútm̓s iʔ syəxʷmitkʷ mi cn̓sʕasʕát ik̓líʔ iʔ n̓ty̓tyix ? 15. t stim̓ k̓ʷl̓k̓ʷul̓məl̓x písƛ̓aʔt iʔ ym̓yám̓x̌ʷaʔ ? 16. ł aksk̓ʷúl̓m̓ iʔ wick, stim̓ aksn̓xʷƛ̓áqsm̓ uł n̓x̌ʷy̓x̌ʷy̓aqs ? 17. k̓aʔkín̓ kʕ̓acn̓tím̓ iʔ n̓x̌ʷy̓x̌ʷy̓aqs qʷm̓qin̓ km̓ sc̓im̓? 18. t stim̓ cmac̓ iʔ n̓k̓m̓k̓am̓qn̓s iʔ wick ? 19. t stim̓ clk̓qin̓ uł ckʕaʔác iʔ tk̓míplaʔs iʔ wick ? 20. əxkistm̓ ʔi lɣmin̓s iʔ wick łə c̓q̓aq̓ uł ck̓ipxəl̓x iʔ qaqxʷl̓x ? 21. stim̓ ʔi k̓łʔim̓s iʔ səxʷkłqaqxʷl̓xm̓ łə wy̓słuʔn̓tis iʔ qaqxʷl̓x ? 22. put pn̓kin̓ n̓kłiw̓sn̓tm̓ iʔ qaqxʷl̓x, mil̓n̓tm̓ ? 23. əxkistm̓ ʔi qaqxʷl̓x t səxʷn̓kłiw̓sm̓ ? 24. k̓l̓ swit cmil̓ yʕat iʔ n̓tytyix ? 25. səxkinx uł yʕat papút iʔ ksxʷic̓əc̓xs iʔ n̓ty̓tyix ? 26. sw̓swit naník̓səl̓x uł x̌w̓n̓tisəl̓x iʔ n̓ty̓tyix ? 27. səxkinx uł ckl̓kʷil̓xm̓stm̓ iʔ sql̓ql̓tmix t smam̓ʔím̓ ? 28. səxkinx uł cn̓mulm̓ iʔ sqilxʷ tl̓ ʔay̓xʷútm̓s iʔ syəxʷmitkʷ ? 29. k̓aʔkín̓ kaʔ ccʕal̓x uł cn̓q̓ʷaʔtkʷl̓scútʔ i sqilxʷ ? 30. əxkistm̓ ʔi młk̓íyaʔ naʔł sqʷəqʷłmusts iʔ n̓ty̓tyix ? 31. səxkinx uł lut kłn̓c̓q̓mnitkʷstm̓ iʔ młk̓íyaʔ naʔł sqʷəqʷłmusts ? 32. k̓aʔkín̓ kaʔ kłkʷil̓stn̓ iʔ smam̓ʔím̓ ? 33. pn̓kin̓ mi ckʷil̓stnm̓ iʔ sqilxʷ ? 34. k̓aʔkín̓ kaʔ kłkʷil̓stn̓ iʔ sql̓ql̓tmixʷ ? 35. stim̓ nixʷ ck̓ʷl̓k̓ʷul̓məl̓x iʔ sqilx itlí tl̓ kłqaqxʷl̓xm̓ ? 36. stim̓ ʔa c̓kists ʔi sqilxʷ łə k̓laxʷ ? 37. stim̓ə csəp̓stisəl̓x ła cn̓kʷnim̓ aʔ cc̓lal̓qʷm̓ ? 38. stim̓ ʔi ksc̓ax̌ʷs iʔ sqilxʷ ła cc̓lal̓qʷm̓ ? 39. c̓kin̓ kaʔ ck̓ʷak̓ʷúl̓stm̓ iʔ ckʷin̓ks naʔł c̓qiln̓s t sql̓ql̓tmixʷ ? 40. stim̓ ʔi ck̓ʷaʔíl̓k̓stm̓ l̓ cq̓əq̓ax̌ ?

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an̓cáw̓t sw̓łtiłn̓ 1. swit cmisłəłt̓ám̓ l̓ asnəqsílxʷ ? may̓xít. 2. stim̓ ʔi ksx̌n̓tixʷ t spiʔsc̓íłt ? may̓xít. 3. swit iʔ ksx̌n̓tsis t nəqspin̓tk ? swit iʔ ksx̌ntixʷ ? may̓xít. 4. ha kʷ kslx̌lax̌t tl̓ə sc cwix km̓ tl̓ spəpílyaʔqnx ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 5. ha x̌słcaw̓t iʔ sqilxʷ tl̓ sk̓ʷƛ̓ptan̓s Mírikaʔ, k̓l̓ Sic Yurk ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? may̓xít. 6. stim̓ ʔi sʔúm̓laʔxʷs an̓n̓k̓ʷúl̓l̓tn̓ ? ha pútiʔ ilíʔ kiʔ kʷ mut ? may̓xít. 7. ha kʷ cxʷuy̓ k̓l̓ Skʷan̓t ? ha csuxʷstxʷ iʔ sn̓qilxʷcn̓ sn̓maʔmáyaʔtn̓ ilíʔ ? may̓xit. 8. stim iʔ misx̌súlaʔxʷ, ha iʔ sk̓l̓xʷtan̓ yʕacín̓s Mírikaʔ km̓ iʔ sk̓ʷƛ̓ptan̓ yʕacín̓s Mírikaʔ ? mayxít. 9. ha x̌ast mi Mírikaʔ km̓ Kánataʔ xiʔxiʔstísəl̓x ʕy at iʔ sqilxʷ iʔ l̓ tm̓xʷúlaʔxʷsəl̓x ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 10. ha qʷay̓ kʷ ła cpul̓x l̓ tk̓am̓łəniw̓ts iʔ saʔtítkʷ ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 11. l̓ asnəqsílxʷ, ha stim̓ uł kmax iʔ sql̓ql̓tmixʷʔ i ksck̓ʷul̓s ? ha stim̓ uł kmax iʔ smam̓ʔím̓ iʔ ksck̓ʷul̓s ? may̓xít ? 12. ha ctil̓xʷstxʷ ł aksn̓qílxʷcn̓ ?səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 13. stim̓ ʔi n̓xʷƛ̓aqsn̓txʷ t nəqspin̓tk ? səxkinx uł n̓xʷƛ̓aqsn̓txʷ ? may̓xít. 14. ła ck̓ʷul̓m̓stxʷ an̓łəp̓mín̓, ha an̓x̌ást ułniʕ̓áy̓p n̓x̌ʷy̓aqs ? ha niʕáy̓p n̓x̌ʷy̓aqstxʷ an̓łəp̓mín̓ ? may̓xít. 15. ha kʷ cmc̓usn̓cút ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? t stim kʷ cmc̓usn̓cút ? 16. swit iʔ k̓łʔimn̓txʷ t spiʔsc̓íłt ? swit iʔ k̓łʔimn̓ts ? may̓xít. 17. stim̓ ʔi n̓ckʷitkʷn̓tx t scaʔáqʷ ? may̓xít. 18. ha n̓kłiw̓sn̓txʷ iʔ sʔiłn̓ uł mil̓n̓txʷ t skłəʔaʔ ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 19. ha yaʔkʷmínmn̓txʷ t spiʔsc̓íłt ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 20. swit iʔ qixʷn̓txʷ t nəqspin̓tk ? swit iʔ qixʷn̓ts ? may̓xít. 21. hakín̓ t sx̌l̓x̌ʕal̓t misqʷáy̓ kʷ cn̓q̓ʷaʔtkʷl̓scút ? səxkinx ? may̓xít. 22. ha qʷay̓ kʷ ła cnaʔc̓n̓tíl̓s ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 23. ha kʷ ckʷil̓stnm̓ ? ha put c̓ʔuy uł kʷ ckʷil̓stnm̓ ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? may̓xít. 24. ha an̓x̌ást iʔ sx̌əcx̌cam̓ ? swit misx̌ásts iʔ sx̌əcx̌cam̓ l̓ asnəqsílxʷ ? may̓xít. 25. łə caʔáqʷm̓, ha kʷ swr̓míxaʔx uł p̓ísƛ̓aʔt akscwár̓ ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 26. ha kʷ sc̓lál̓qʷaʔx łə skłəʔaʔ ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 27. ha kʷ kłqʷilm̓ ? ha swit l̓ asnəqsílxʷ kłqʷilm̓ ? may̓xít. 28. stim asƛ̓xʷúp t nəqspin̓tk ? may̓xít. 29. ha ck̓ʷak̓ʷúl̓stxʷ an̓ckʷín̓k naʔł an̓c̓q̓íln̓ ? 30. ha cn̓l̓xʷúlaʔxʷ k̓ík̓aʔt k̓l̓ an̓cítxʷ ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 31. stim iʔ kswitn̓txʷ t spiʔsc̓íłt ? may̓xít. 32. ha lɣn̓tsis iʔ squʔł t scaʔáqʷ ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ?

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skłʔiy̓sm̓ t x̌ilm̓s ʔaʔúm̓s A. Point of View Excercise aksck̓ʷúl̓: change the phrase for each new subject and objects, maintaining the same tense. Follow the model. Translate the new phrase to English. iʔ sql̓ql̓tmixʷ ck̓ʷul̓məl̓x t kłʔaksw̓xíw̓stn̓səl̓x tl̓ yl̓yul̓t.

EX: Mxəłpal̓qs / n̓q̓ʷliw̓tn̓ / tukʷtán̓: Mxiłpál̓qs ck̓ʷul̓m̓ t kłn̓q̓ʷliw̓tn̓s tl̓ tukʷtán̓.

1. in̓cá / pícaʔ / wəx̌wáx̌iłp: nuyápixcn̓:

2. anwí / yám̓x̌ʷaʔ / mxiłp: nuyápixcn̓:

3. in̓cá naʔł anwí / stałm̓ / mul̓x: nuyápixcn̓:

4. anwí naʔł Sp̓c̓nal̓qʷ / sxʷipl̓p / p̓axłp: nuyápixcn̓:

B. Point of View Excercise aksck̓ʷúl̓: change the phrase for each new subject, maintaining the same tense. Follow the model. Translate the new phrase to English.

Pit n̓kłiw̓səs iʔ qaqxʷl̓x uł mil̓səl̓x k̓l̓ sqilxʷ.

EX: in̓cá: n̓kłiw̓sn̓ uł mil̓nəl̓x k̓l̓ sqilxʷ.

1. anwí: nuyápixcn̓:

2. iʔ xaʔtús naʔł in̓cá: nuyápixcn̓:

3. anwí naʔł an̓k̓ʔíl̓t: nuyápixcn̓:

4. an̓n̓tm̓tím̓tn̓: nuyápixcn̓:

N̓səl̓xcin̓ 3: An Advanced Course in Colville-Okanagan Salish revised 06/5/17 122

C. Point of View Excercise aksck̓ʷúl̓: change the phrase for each new subject, maintaining the same tense. Follow the model. Translate the new phrase to English.

iʔ smam̓ʔím̓naník̓s əl̓x iʔ n̓ty̓tyix uł x̌w̓n̓tisəl̓x l̓ sn̓x̌w̓min̓səl̓x.

EX: anwí / miml̓t: naník̓n̓txʷ iʔ miml̓t uł x̌w̓n̓tixʷ l̓ asn̓x̌w̓mín̓.

1. in̓cá / kísuʔ: nuyápixcn̓:

2. in̓n̓skíw / spqʷlic: nuyápixcn̓:

3. istətm̓áliʔs naʔł in̓cá / xʷmínaʔ: nuyápixcn̓:

4. anwí naʔł asc̓íxt / kutwn̓: nuyápixcn̓:

D. Plural Transitive Command aksck̓ʷúl̓: change the phrase to a plural command. Follow the model. Translate the new phrase to English.

EX: iʔ smam̓ʔím̓ckl̓kʷil̓xm̓sts iʔ sql̓ql̓tmixʷ. kl̓kʷil̓xmn̓tp/kl̓kʷíl̓xmn̓ti iʔ sql̓ql̓tmixʷ

1. Sapátqixʷs iʔ qaqxʷl̓x. nuyápixcn̓:

2. lut kłn̓c̓q̓mnitkʷsts k̓l̓ siw̓łkʷ. nuyápixcn̓:

3. n̓x̌l̓tusəs swit mi c̓lal̓qʷm̓. nuyápixcn̓:

4. ck̓ʷaʔíl̓k̓səl̓x iʔ qicəcsəl̓x. nuyápixcn̓:

5. lγpnus aʔ cqicəc. nuyápixcn̓:

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E. Actual/habitual 36 Verb Box aksck̓ʷúl̓: Complete the box with correct transitive forms. cqixʷst- to chase away in̓cá anwí cniłc mnim̓łtət mnim̓łəm̓p mnim̓łcəl̓x in̓cá xxx cqixʷstmn̓ cqixʷstn̓ xxx cqixʷłəmn̓ cqixʷstnəl̓x anwí kʷuʔ xxx cqixʷstxʷ kʷuʔ cqixʷstxʷ xxx cqixʷstxʷəl̓x cqixʷstxʷ cniłc kʷuʔ cqixʷsts cqixʷstm̓s cqixʷsts kʷuʔ cqixʷstm̓ cqixʷłəm̓s cqixʷstsəl̓x mnim̓łtət xxx cqixʷstm̓t cqixʷstm̓ xxx cqixʷłəm̓t cqixʷstməl̓x mnim̓łəm̓p kʷuʔ cqixʷstp xxx cqixʷstp kʷuʔ cqixʷstp xxx cqixʷstpəl̓x cniłcəlx kʷuʔ cqixʷstm̓səl̓x cqixʷstsəl̓x kʷuʔ cqixʷłəm̓səl̓x cqixʷstməl̓x cqixʷstsəl̓x cqixʷstməl̓x mnim̓łcəl̓x

F. Transitive Verbal Exchanges with Objects aksck̓ʷúl̓: answer the questions with a complete n̓səl̓xcin̓ sentence. Translate the question and your answer to English.

1. səxkinx uł in̓cá kʷuʔ cqixʷstxʷ ? (n̓k̓aʔsíl̓s)

2. ha Sapát cqixʷłəm̓s ? (lut)

3. swit iʔ kʷuʔ cqixʷstm̓ ʕapnáʔ in̓cá naʔł Swʕatqn̓ ? (Sʕam̓tíc̓aʔ)

4. ha cqixʷłəm̓səl̓x ʔi xəxiw̓xw̓tm̓ ? (kiw̓)

5. ha swit cqixʷstm̓s ? (lut)

6. ha p clim̓t uł cqixʷłəm̓t ? (kíwa)

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G. Future 36 Verb Box aksck̓ʷúl̓: Complete the box with correct transitive verb/object forms. ksqixʷn̓t- to chase away in̓cá anwí cniłc mnim̓łtət mnim̓łəm̓p mnim̓łcəl̓x in̓cá xxx kʷ iksqíxʷm̓ iksqíxʷm̓ xxx p iksqíxʷm̓ iksqíxʷməl̓x anwí kʷuʔ xxx aksqíxʷm̓ kʷuʔ aksqíxʷm̓ xxx aksqíxʷməl̓x aksqíxʷm̓ cniłc kʷuʔ ksqixʷs ksqixʷn̓ts ksqixʷs kʷuʔ ksqixʷn̓tm̓ ksqixʷłəm̓s ksqixʷsəl̓x mnim̓łtət xxx ksqixʷn̓tst ksqixʷn̓tm̓ xxx ksqixʷłəm̓t ksqixʷn̓tməl̓x mnim̓łəm̓p kʷuʔ xxx ksqixʷn̓tp kʷuʔ ksqixʷn̓tp xxx ksqixʷn̓tpəl̓x ksqixʷn̓tp cniłcəlx kʷuʔ ksqixʷn̓tsəl̓x ksqixʷsəl̓x kʷuʔ ksqixʷłəm̓səl̓x ksqixʷn̓tməl̓x ksqixʷsəl̓x ksqixʷn̓tməl̓x mnim̓łcəl̓x

F. Transitive Verbal Exchanges with Objects aksck̓ʷúl̓: answer the questions with a complete n̓səl̓xcin̓ sentence. Translate the question and your answer to English.

1. səxkinx uł kʷuʔ aksqíxʷm̓ in̓cá naʔł ʕAtál̓ ? (n̓k̓aʔsíl̓s)

2. ha Sapát ksqixʷłəm̓s ? (lut)

3. swit iʔ kʷuʔ ksqixʷs ʕapnáʔ ? (Sʕam̓tíc̓aʔ)

4. ha ksqixʷłəm̓səl̓x ʔi xəxiw̓xw̓tm̓ ? (kiw̓)

5. ha swit ksqixʷn̓ts ? (lut)

6. ha p slím̓taʔx uł ksqixʷłəm̓t ? (kíwa)

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ck̓ʷul̓m̓stm̓ iʔ sʔaʔúm̓s 1. scəcwix- Coeur d'Alene people example sentences: 1. iʔ sn̓xʷmínaʔx, iʔ qlspilx, scəcwix, uł nixʷ iʔ pəpílyaʔqn̓ ccy̓ʕapəlx tl̓ sk̓ʷƛ̓ptan̓. (Spokanes, Kalispels, Coeur d'Alenes and Flatheads came from the east.) 2. iʔ scəcwix cn̓súxʷnaʔ t n̓syil̓xcn. (The Coeur d'Alene people understand the Syilx language) 3. iʔ scəcwix c̓x̌ił ta mnim̓łtət. (The Coeur d'Alene people are like us.)

2. spəpílyaʔqnx- Flathead people example sentences: 1. iʔ sn̓xʷmínaʔx, iʔ qlspilx, scəcwix, uł nixʷ iʔ spəpílyaʔqnx ccy̓ʕapəlx tl̓ sk̓ʷƛ̓ptan̓. (Spokanes, Kalispels, Coeur d'Alenes and Flatheads came from the east.) 2. ʔum̓səl̓x spəpílyaʔqnx áłiʔ ckʕ̓acstísəl̓x iʔ sx̌əx̌c̓iʔ l̓ k̓łk̓mil̓sts pútiʔ łə k̓ʷək̓ʷyúmaʔ ilíʔ uł pílyaʔqn̓. ʕapnáʔ lut t̓a ct̓iʔc̓x̌il̓sts iʔ scəcm̓álaʔ. (They're called Flatheads because when they're still babies they tie a board on their forehead and so their head becomes flat. Nowadays they don't do that to the children.)

3. Skłʔam̓cín̓- Dug Ground (east bank at Kettle Falls) example sentences: 1. iʔ tm̓xʷúlaʔxʷ tl̓ sk̓ʷəƛ̓ptans iʔ saʔtítkʷ iʔ sʔúm̓laʔxʷs Skłʔam̓cín̓. (The land on the east side of the river was called "Dug Ground".) 2. ilíʔ kspul̓xtn̓ l̓ Skłʔam̓cín̓. (There's a campground at dug ground.) 3. ik̓líʔ kn̓ cmil̓t k̓l̓ Skłʔam̓cín̓. (I go there to visit at dug ground.)

4. t̓əcy̓ʕap- arrive to example sentences: 1. iʔ tl̓ swiw̓s əct̓cy̓ʕap, tl̓ skʷan̓t uł nixʷ tl̓ sn̓pʕawíl̓x iʔ tm̓xʷúlaʔxʷs uł itlíʔ nixʷ iʔ sn̓xaʔm̓xcin̓x. (They came from Osoyoos, from Omak, and from the lands of the San Poil and the Wenatchees.) 2. ła cn̓ƛ̓lal̓ uł yʕat tlaʔkín̓ ct̓əcy̓ʕap iʔ snəqsilxʷs. (When there's a death they come from everywhere.) 3. way łcy̓ʕap iʔ scəcm̓álaʔ. (The children̓ have arrived.)

5. skʷan̓t- St. Mary's Mission site at Omak example sentences: 1. iʔ tl̓ swiw̓s əct̓cy̓ʕap, tl̓ skʷan̓t uł nixʷ tl̓ sn̓pʕawíl̓x iʔ tm̓xʷúlaʔxʷs uł itlíʔ nixʷ iʔ sn̓xaʔm̓xcin̓x. (They came from Osoyoos, from Omak, and from the lands of the San Poil and the Wenatchees.) 2. ak̓laʔ kskʷan̓t. lut sn̓wists. (There's a waterfall over here. It's not too high.) 3. k̓l̓ n̓ʔiƛ̓l̓tk wikn̓ n̓wswist ʔasl̓al̓qʷ iʔ skʷan̓t. (Up north I saw two real high water falls.)

6. sn̓xaʔm̓xcin̓x- Wenatchee-Columbian̓ people example sentences: 1. iʔ tl̓ swiw̓s əct̓cy̓ʕap, tl̓ skʷan̓t uł nixʷ tl̓ sn̓pʕawíl̓x iʔ tm̓xʷúlaʔxʷs uł itlíʔ nixʷ iʔ sn̓xaʔm̓xcin̓x.

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(They came from Osoyoos, from Omak, and from the lands of the San Poil and the Wenatchees.) 2. k̓ik̓m̓mi c̓sap aʔ cn̓xaʔm̓xcínm. (The speakers for the Wenatchee are almost all gone.) 3. t̓aw̓nínaʔxʷ c̓x̌ił t n̓syilxcn̓ iʔ n̓xaʔm̓xcín̓. (Wenatchee language is like the Syilx language.)

7. łəkcin̓- Woven̓ Basket (west bank of Kettle Falls) reduplication: łəkłəkcin̓ example sentences: 1. iʔ tm̓xʷúlaʔxʷ ta ck̓l̓ sk̓l̓xʷtan̓ łəkcin̓ (cγiy t yám̓x̌ʷaʔ) ixíʔ iʔ sʔúm̓laʔxʷs. (The land on the west side of the falls was called La-chin, meaning a woven̓ basket.) 2. iʔ smam̓ʔím̓sisyús l̓ sk̓ʷul̓m̓ t łəkłəkcin̓. (The women are experts at makíng cooking baskets.) 3. iʔ k̓ʷiƛ̓t łəkcin̓ p̓ísƛ̓aʔt iʔ k̓ʷiƛ̓t cəcámaʔt. (Some of the cooking baskets are small some are big.)

8. cγiy- woven example sentences: 1. iʔ tm̓xʷúlaʔxʷ ta ck̓l̓ sk̓l̓xʷtan̓ łəkcin̓ (cγiy t yám̓x̌ʷaʔ) ixíʔ iʔ sʔúm̓laʔxʷs. (The land on the west side of the falls was called La-chin, meaning a woven̓ basket.) 2. cɣiɣstsəl̓x iʔ str̓ar uł ck̓ʷul̓məl̓x t kłnutn̓míns. (They weave the string and yarn̓ to make containers.) 3. x̌sx̌sikst iʔ k̓ʷiƛ̓t ła cɣiym. (Some are experts at weaving.)

9. tk̓am̓łniw̓ts- both sides reduplication: tk̓m̓k̓m̓łəniw̓ts example sentences: 1. iʔ sx̌ʷy̓ʔiłpx cpul̓x l̓ tk̓am̓łniw̓ts iʔ saʔtítkʷ. (The Colville people camped on both sides of the river.) 2. ła cq̓ʷiłt papút l̓ tk̓m̓k̓m̓łəniw̓ts mi lut ksn̓xl̓kikn̓s. (When they pack they make sure their the same on both sides otherwise it would turn̓ over.) 3. ckxstixʷ asx̌ílwiʔ niʕ̓áy̓p l̓ k̓m̓łəniw̓ts mi kʷ cxʷist. (You go with your husband you always walk along his side.)

10. k̓łn̓wistm̓s- on something above example sentences: 1. iʔ sn̓ʕ̓ay̓ckstx l̓ ksun̓kʷ cpul̓x k̓łn̓wistm̓s iʔ syəxʷmitkʷ. (The Lakes camped on an island above the falls.) 2. k̓łn̓wistm̓s iʔ sn̓ilíʔtn̓s kaʔ ck̓ʷxʷsqáx̌aʔm̓. (Above where he lives is where they range their cattle.) 3. kʷ kłmut l̓ t̓uxʷt uł k̓a n̓kłwistm̓kaʔ ckʷum̓stxʷ an̓tətm̓tím̓tn. (When you get on the plane you put your bag above you.)

11. ʔaksw̓xíw̓stn- scaffold example sentences: 1. iʔ sql̓ql̓tmixʷ ck̓ʷul̓m̓ t kłʔaksw̓xíw̓stn̓s tl̓ ylyult t̓xʷ xiʔmíx t tkl̓kl̓xmikstn̓. (The men built scaffolds out of logs and branches. Only men caught or speared fish.) 2. ła cnuʔás iʔ sck̓ʷul̓łxʷsəl̓x uł k̓ʷl̓k̓ʷul̓məl̓x t kłʔaksw̓xíw̓stn̓səl̓x. (When their building gets higher they build a scaffold.)

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3. kʷu ła cq̓ʷl̓wałqʷm̓ kʷu ckłʔaksw̓xíw̓s l̓ kłaʔxn̓tán. (When we picked apples we stood on ladders.)

12. kt̓w̓stiw̓s- stand on example sentences: 1. ilíʔ kt̓w̓stiw̓s l̓ kłʔaksw̓xíw̓stn̓s ułłuʔám̓ t n̓ty̓tyix km̓ t mulmn̓. (They stood on the scaffolds and speared the fish or caught them in nets.) 2. x̌ƛ̓x̌iƛ̓m̓uł qil̓təl̓x ixíʔ uł kt̓w̓stiw̓s l̓ aʔ cn̓lq̓ʷus. (They climbed the mountain until they reached the top then they stood on the bluff.) 3. ha wikn̓txʷ iʔ sx̌ʷƛ̓iʔ ilíʔ kt̓w̓stiw̓s l̓ xƛ̓ut. (Did you see the goats, their standing on the rock.)

13. csl̓stim- place things example sentences: 1. iʔ p̓ísƛ̓aʔt ym̓yám̓x̌ʷaʔ csl̓stisəl̓x k̓ay̓xʷútm̓s iʔ syəxʷmitkʷ ixíʔ mi cn̓sʕasʕát ik̓líʔ iʔ n̓ty̓tyix ła cłət̓pmn̓cut uł til̓xʷs łə ksqil̓ts uł łcyaxʷt. (Big baskets were also placed just below the falls so that the salmon would fall into them when they tried to jump the falls.) 2. tixʷsəl̓x iʔ sp̓ic̓n̓ uł sl̓n̓tisəl̓x uł qʷm̓pus. (They gathered the hemp and spun̓it and made long pieces of rope.) 3. tx̌ʷicpsəsəl̓x iʔ l̓matá uł csl̓stisəl̓x iʔ spum̓ts. k̓ʷl̓k̓ʷul̓m̓ t kłqʷcqʷacqn̓s uł lklkapúsəl̓x uł taʔlí ctkʷlíc̓aʔ. (They shear the sheep and spin̓ the wool and make hats and coats and they are very warm.)

14. ck̓łyir̓k̓ʷcín̓- rim̓of a basket reduplication: ck̓łyir̓yirk̓ʷcín example sentences: 1. iʔ tl̓ stəktəkcxʷiłp k̓ʷl̓k̓ʷul̓məl̓x písƛ̓aʔt iʔ ym̓yám̓x̌ʷaʔ uł ck̓łyir̓k̓ʷcín̓ t siʔíłməlx. (The big baskets were made of red willow with sarvice berry rims.) 2. ła ck̓łyir̓yirk̓ʷcín̓ iʔ ym̓yám̓x̌ʷaʔ ixíʔ uł xac̓t. (When the baskets have these rims they are more sturdy.) 3. ła ck̓łyir̓k̓ʷcín̓ ixíʔ uł lut ksx̌ʷiƛ̓ts iʔ k̓łk̓áms. (When the baskets are finished with a rim̓ it doesn't break so easily.)

15. n̓xʷƛ̓aqsn̓t- sharpen reduplication: n̓xʷƛ̓xʷƛ̓aqsn̓t example sentences: 1. kʷ ła ksk̓ʷul̓m̓ t wick c̓x̌ił t q̓sápiʔ, n̓xʷƛ̓aqsəs iʔ qʷm̓qin̓s iʔ sƛ̓aʔcínm̓uł n̓x̌ʷy̓x̌ʷy̓aqs km̓ iʔ sc̓im̓ nixʷ ixíʔ ck̓ʷul̓m̓stəlx. (To make a fish spear in the old way, they tied sharpened deer antler or bone to a little wooden̓ frame, the head of the spear.) 2. kʷ ła ksnc̓l̓usm̓ n̓xʷƛ̓xʷƛ̓aqsn̓t iʔ sx̌əx̌c̓iʔ mi n̓ƛ̓k̓ʷƛ̓k̓ʷpúlaʔxʷn̓txʷ. (If you're going toroast on a stick, sharpen̓ the tips so you can stick them in the ground.) 3. n̓xʷƛ̓aqsn̓t iʔ q̓ay̓íkstn̓. (Sharpen̓ the pencil.)

16. n̓x̌ʷy̓x̌ʷy̓aqs- sharp point

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example sentences: 1. kʷ ła ksk̓ʷul̓m̓ t wick c̓x̌ił t q̓sápiʔ, n̓xʷƛ̓aqsəs iʔ qʷm̓qin̓s iʔ sƛ̓aʔcínm̓uł n̓x̌ʷy̓x̌ʷy̓aqs km̓ iʔ sc̓im̓ nixʷ ixíʔ ck̓ʷul̓m̓stəlx. (To make a fish spear in the old way, they tied sharpened deer antler or bone to a little wooden̓ frame, the head of the spear.) 2. x̌ast ła cn̓x̌ʷy̓x̌ʷy̓aqs an̓pícaʔ. (It's good to have a sharp point on your digging stick.) 3. n̓x̌ʷy̓x̌ʷy̓aqs iʔ ƛ̓qʷumn. (The awl has a sharp point.)

17. mac̓- smear / wipe onto reduplication: mc̓mac̓ example sentences: 1. iʔ n̓k̓m̓k̓am̓qn̓s cmac̓ t t̓ic̓. (The points on the head were sealed with pine pitch.) 2. yʕat iʔ p̓ísƛ̓aʔt k̓ʷumn̓ cmc̓mc̓stisəl̓x ła cwiʔsk̓ʷúl̓m̓. (All the big machinery gets greased after a days work.) 3. iʔ ʔuʔx̌ʷtílaʔt cn̓mc̓ups ła ck̓łʔiy̓s iʔ ny̓l̓xʷupstn̓s. (A baby gets his butt oiled when they change his diaper.)

18. tk̓míplaʔ- handle reduplication: tk̓m̓k̓míplaʔ example sentences: 1. iʔ t sp̓ic̓n̓ clk̓qin̓ uł ckʕaʔác l̓ sx̌əx̌c̓iʔ iʔ tk̓míplaʔs. (A hemp line was tied through the head and attached to a wooden̓ handle.) 2. iʔ n̓t̓k̓ʷmin̓ sƛ̓aʔcínm̓q̓ʷm̓q̓ʷm̓qi n̓ iʔ tk̓m̓k̓míplaʔs. (The coffin̓ had deer horn̓ handles.) 3. in̓ƛ̓qʷumn̓ q̓ʷm̓qin̓ iʔ tk̓míplaʔs. (My awl's handle is made from a horn.)

19. c̓q̓aq̓- hit / struck by something reduplication: c̓əq̓c̓q̓aq̓ example sentences: 1. łə c̓q̓aq̓ iʔ qaqxʷl̓x, iʔ lγmin̓s ck̓ʷƛ̓ap tl̓ sx̌əx̌c̓iʔ ła ck̓ipxəlx iʔ qaqxʷl̓x. (When a fish was struck, the head came loose from the spear when the fish was struggling.) 2. iʔ sc̓əc̓łnusn̓t t sp̓ísƛ̓aʔt k̓c̓əq̓c̓q̓aq̓ l̓ p̓uy̓xn̓ uł cp̓uy̓x̌ʷt. (The hail were so big it dented the cars when they hit.) 3. cyaxʷt iʔ apl̓s uł c̓q̓əq̓apqn̓. (The apples fell and hit him̓ on the head.)

20. lγmin̓- spearhead reduplication: lɣlɣmin example sentences: 1. łə c̓q̓aq̓ iʔ qaqxʷl̓x, iʔ lγmin̓s ck̓ʷƛ̓ap tl̓ sx̌əx̌c̓iʔ ła ck̓ipxəlx iʔ qaqxʷl̓x. (When a fish was struck, the head came loose from the spear when the fish was struggling.) 2. sisyús ła ck̓ʷul̓m̓ t lɣlɣmin. (He's good at makíng spear heads.)

21. k̓ipxəl̓x- struggle reduplication: k̓apʔípxəl̓x

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example sentences: 1. łə c̓q̓aq̓ iʔ qaqxʷl̓x, iʔ lγmin̓s ck̓ʷƛ̓ap tl̓ sx̌əx̌c̓iʔ ła ck̓ipxəlx iʔ qaqxʷl̓x. (When a fish was struck, the head came loose from the spear when the fish was struggling.) 2. iʔ m̓ʕámlaʔ ck̓apʔípxəl̓x. (The worms wriggle.) 3. ƛ̓ílmistx. lut aksk̓ípxəl̓x. (Stay still. Don't struggle.)

22. səxʷkłqaqxʷl̓xm̓- fisherman example sentences: 1. iʔ səxʷkłqaqxʷl̓xm̓k̓ł ʔim̓s put ʔay̓x̌ʷtʔ i qaqxʷl̓x, ixíʔ mi sic n̓ckʷitkʷs iʔ sckʷn̓iʔsts. (The fisherman̓ would wait until the fish was tired, then he would pull in his catch.) 2. iʔ səxʷkłqaqxʷl̓xm̓cmistís pn̓kin̓ kaʔ ccy̓ʕap iʔ qaqxʷl̓x. (The fisherman̓ chief knows when the fish are here.) 3. iʔ səxʷkłqaqxʷl̓xm̓ aʔ cmulm. q̓ʷic̓t iʔ nutnmín̓ uł t̓qʷcin̓ makmák. (The fisherman̓ dips for the fish when the tub is full he will yell makmak for everyone to come for their share.)

23. n̓kłiw̓sn̓t- divide something reduplication: n̓kłkłiw̓snt example sentences: 1. ʔasíl̓ l̓ naqs sx̌l̓x̌ʕal̓t, yʕat iʔ sckʷn̓iʔsts n̓kłiw̓səs uł mil̓səl̓x k̓l̓ sqilxʷ. (Two times per day, all the fish that were caught were gathered together to be divided among the people.) 2. n̓kłkłiw̓snt iʔ sʔiłn̓ mi yʕat swit ʔiłn. (Divide all the food so everyone gets to eat.) 3. kʷu łə ƛ̓xʷup nínwíʔs n̓kłiw̓sn̓tm̓iʔ sƛ̓xʷuptət. (If we win̓ we will divide our winnings.)

24. mil̓n̓t- share reduplication: ml̓mil̓n̓t example sentences: 1. ʔasíl̓ l̓ naqs sx̌l̓x̌ʕal̓t, yʕat iʔ sckʷn̓iʔsts n̓kłiw̓səs uł mil̓səl̓x k̓l̓ sqilxʷ. (Two times per day, all the fish that were caught were gathered together to be divided among the people.) 2. la cxʔit ła ct̓ʕapám̓iʔ tətw̓it ixíʔ uł ml̓mil̓s k̓l̓ sqilxʷ ixiʔ uł ck̓ʕaʔxtm̓iʔ tətw̓it. mi sisyús l̓ spix̌m̓. (When a boy gets his first deer, he shares it with everyone that way the people pray for him̓to be a good hunter.) 3. mil̓n̓t iʔ kantí k̓l̓ scəcm̓álaʔ. (Share the candy with the children.)

25. səxʷn̓kłiw̓sm- divider reduplication: səxʷn̓kłkłiw̓sm example sentences: 1. iʔ səxʷn̓kłiw̓sm̓ t qaqxʷl̓x xʷc̓xʷic̓xts iʔ nqsil̓t c̓kin̓ iʔ stxʷaʔxʷʔítsəl̓x. (The Divider took charge of giving the fish to all the people according to how big their family was.) 2. iʔ səxʷn̓kłkłiw̓sm̓k̓l̓ sp̓y̓qałq cn̓kłiw̓sts iʔ k̓skast tl̓ x̌sx̌ast. (The sorters for the soft fruit sort the bad ones fom̓the bad ones.) 3. iʔ səxʷn̓kłiw̓sm̓ n̓ʔakswíx l̓ aʔ ck̓łʕal̓ uł n̓kłiw̓səs iʔ kʷl̓kʷl̓alxʷ. (The one that separated the calves would stand in the corral and separate the calves.)

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26. yaʔkʷminm- be greedy reduplication: y̓ayaʔkʷminm example sentences: 1. yʕat papút iʔ ksxʷic̓əc̓xs, ixíʔ mi lut ksn̓stil̓sts səcyaʔkʷminm̓s iʔ n̓ty̓tyix, cm̓n̓stil̓s uł kmax k̓l̓ cniłc, ixíʔ mi lut kłcp̓lak̓s k̓l̓ syəxʷmitkʷ. (All the fish were shared equally so that the salmon would not think that the people were selfish and then refuse to return̓ to the falls.) 2. lut aksyaʔkʷmínm̓iʔ sʔiłn̓. (Don't get greedy with the food.) 3. lut t̓x̌ast iʔ sy̓ay̓ákʷaʔ. (It's not good to be stingy.)

27. sn̓x̌w̓min̓- drying rack reduplication: sn̓x̌w̓x̌w̓min example sentences: 1. iʔ smam̓ʔím̓naník̓s əl̓x iʔ n̓ty̓tyix uł x̌əw̓n̓tisəl̓x l̓ sn̓x̌w̓min̓səl̓x. (The women cut up the salmon and put it on drying racks to dry.) 2. xʷʔit iʔ sn̓x̌ʷw̓x̌ʷwil̓tn̓s yʕat kłq̓ʷc̓q̓ʷic̓t t słiqʷ. (He has a lot of drying racks and they're all full of meat.) 3. kłpkʷn̓tis iʔ sp̓y̓qałq l̓ n̓x̌ʷw̓min̓s. (He spread the fruit on his dying rack.)

28. x̌aʔx̌áʔ- sacred / spiritually powerful example sentences: 1. iʔ smam̓ʔím̓ckl̓kʷil̓xm̓sts iʔ sql̓ql̓tmixʷ, áłiʔ cx̌aʔx̌áʔ iʔ smam̓ʔím̓uł cm̓ qixʷs iʔ qaqxʷl̓x. (Women stayed away from the men who were fishing because it was believed that they would scare away the fish with their power.) 2. ła cłəłx̌ʷum̓x iʔ st̓aʔt̓aʔk̓míx taʔlí cx̌aʔx̌áʔ. ( when the young girls reach puberty they are spiritually powerful)

29. qixʷn̓t- chase away reduplication: qəxʷqixʷn̓t example sentences: 1. iʔ smam̓ʔím̓ckl̓kʷil̓xm̓sts iʔ sql̓ql̓tmixʷ, áłiʔ cx̌aʔx̌áʔ iʔ smam̓ʔím̓uł cm̓ qiʔxʷs iʔ qaqxʷl̓x. (Women stayed away from the men who were fishing because it was believed that they would scare away the fish with their power.) 2. ilíʔ n̓ʔacknítkʷ iʔ scəcm̓álaʔ uł qəxʷqixʷs iʔ qaqxʷl̓x. (The children̓ played in the water and scared the fish away.) 3. qixʷn̓t iʔ sn̓kłc̓aʔsqáx̌aʔ. (Chase the horses.)

30. n̓q̓ʷaʔtkʷl̓scút- wash one's clothes reduplication: n̓q̓ʷaʔq̓ʷaʔtkʷl̓scút example sentences: 1. uł nixʷ ła ccʕal̓x uł n̓q̓ʷaʔtkʷl̓scút kixʷútm̓s iʔ syəxʷmitkʷ, lut pn̓kin̓ tl̓ tqiltk. (Also, people only bathed and washed clothes below the fall, never above them.)

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2. n̓q̓ʷaʔq̓ʷaʔítkʷn̓t astaʔpal̓qs ( wash your dirty clothes) 3. humaʔ kʷ isn̓q̓ʷaʔítkʷłtm̓ astətm̓tím. (Excuse me, let me wash your clothes.)

31. naʔc̓n̓tíl̓s- offend example sentences: 1. ixíʔ mi lut kłn̓c̓q̓mnitkʷsts k̓l̓ siw̓łkʷ uł naʔc̓n̓tíl̓s iʔ n̓ty̓tyix. (That way they would not be thrown̓ back in the water and offend the salmon.) 2. kʷ stxət̓mist cm̓naʔc̓ntíls iʔ ƛ̓x̌ƛ̓x̌ap. (Be careful you might offend the elder.) 3. ha naʔc̓n̓tíl̓smn̓txʷ ixíʔ aʔ cqʷl̓qʷil̓t. (Did you get offended by that speaker?)

32. ʔaslúsm̓- both side / two teams example sentences: 1. ʔaslúsm̓ kłqʷilm̓uł əcn̓kʷnistsəl̓x ła cc̓lal̓qʷm̓. (Songs were sung by both sides in the stick game.) 2. ʔaslúsm̓iʔ sp̓iƛ̓m̓q̓ʷy̓ q̓ʷʕay̓ uł kʷl̓kʷil̓ Iʔ sip̓íʔs. (There are two kinds of bitterroots, black and red skinned ones.) 3. ʔaslúsm̓iʔ kəkw̓aps iʔ naqs k̓ʷək̓ʷyúmaʔ uł ckw̓píc̓aʔ iʔ naqs síl̓xʷaʔ uł łíxc̓aʔ. (He has two knds of dogs one is small and fluffy and the other one is big and sleek.)

33. cp̓an̓- lay down̓ a log reduplication: cp̓n̓p̓an example sentences: 1. iʔ nəqsusm̓ cp̓an̓ iʔ wisxn̓ sx̌əx̌c̓iʔ l̓ n̓xaʔcín̓m̓s, ixíʔ csəp̓stisəl̓x ła cn̓kʷnim̓. (Each stick game team̓ had a long pole in front of them, and they pounded it with sticks to keep time with the songs.) 2. ilíʔ wl̓wlax̌ aʔ cc̓l̓c̓al̓ xʔit aʔ cp̓n̓p̓an. (The trees fell over and there's a lot laying down.) 3. ik̓líʔ mi p̓n̓n̓tixʷ. (Lay that log over there.)

34. c̓ax̌ʷ- wager / promise example sentences: 1. iʔ ksc̓ax̌ʷs iʔ sqilxʷ l̓ nq̓aʔmíw̓s kaʔ cax̌ʷ, iʔ səc̓sic̓m̓, sqlaw̓, ilíʔ ctx̌ʷayqn̓. (The things that people bet, like robes, blankets, and coins, were piled in the middle.) 2. q̓sápiʔ iʔ sqilxʷ cc̓x̌ʷam̓ksʔəxkínaʔx iʔ tm̓xʷúlaʔxʷ. (Long ago the people would predict what's going to happen̓ to the land.) 3. iʔ kʷu c̓x̌ʷits xʷʔit sqlaw̓ iksƛ̓xʷúp. (He predicted I was going to win̓ lots of money.)

35. cq̓əq̓ax̌- trail/trench reduplication: cq̓əx̌q̓ax̌ example sentences: 1. k̓ʷul̓m̓ t qicəc iʔ tl̓ siʔíłəml̓x, ixíʔ cq̓əq̓ax̌ c̓x̌ił cn̓l̓xʷúlaʔxʷ ilíʔ uł ck̓ʷaʔíl̓k̓səl̓x iʔ qicəcsəl̓x. (They made a hoop out of a sarvice berry branch and rolled it down̓ a little trench dug in the ground.) 2. itíʔ iʔ stim̓ niʕ̓áy̓p xʷuym̓s ułcq̓x̌ax̌. (If something uses the same route it will wear a trail.) 3. iʔ n̓qəql̓xʷáqaʔs cq̓əx̌q̓ax̌ l̓ k̓łx̌sin̓k. (The trails are like little trenches on the sidehills.)

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36. cn̓l̓xʷúlaʔxʷ- dip in land reduplication: cn̓l̓xʷl̓xʷúlaʔxʷ example sentences: 1. k̓ʷul̓m̓ t qicəc iʔ tl̓ siʔíłəml̓x, ixíʔ cq̓əq̓ax̌ c̓x̌ił cn̓l̓xʷúlaʔxʷ ilíʔ uł ck̓ʷaʔíl̓k̓səl̓x iʔ qicəcsəl̓x. (They made a hoop out of a sarvice berry branch and rolled it down̓ a little trench dug in the ground.) 2. x̌súl̓laʔxʷ iʔ tm̓xʷúlaʔxʷ. cn̓l̓xʷl̓xʷúlaʔxʷ. (It's nice country. It's got little dips) 3. ilíʔ l̓ aʔ cn̓l̓xʷúlaʔxʷ kiʔ k̓łk̓laxʷ. (There at the dip is where he dissapeared.)

37. lγap- wound / pierce reduplication: lɣlɣap example sentences: 1. uł iʔ tl̓ sək̓ʷtiw̓s ilíʔ kłckʷin̓k iʔ knaqs uł kswits mi iʔ c̓q̓iln̓s kslγaps iʔ t aʔ cqicəc. (Another man would try to shoot an arrow through the hoop.) 2. ła ct̓ʕapnwíxʷ iʔ k̓ʷiƛ̓t clɣlɣap. (When they shoot at each other some get wounded.) 3. ha lɣpnun̓txʷ ? (Did you wound it?)

38. lγpnun̓t- manage to wound / pierce reduplication: lγlɣpnun̓t example sentences: 1. cniłc łə lγpnus aʔ cqicəc uł iʔ knaqs xik̓s, ixíʔ uł ƛ̓x̌ʷup t̓xʷ stim̓ití ʔ iʔ sc̓ax̌ʷs. (If he shot his arrow through the hoop and the other man missed, then he won whatever was bet.) 2. x̌ast akstxʷpúsm̓mi lɣpnu̓n̓txʷ. (Take a good aim̓so you shoot it.) 3. kslɣpnúiʔs iʔ sƛ̓aʔcínm̓. (He's going to manage to shoot that deer.)

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14. ʔaʔsíw̓ł sʔaʔúm̓s n̓q̓ʷʕay̓kn̓ black back p̓ík̓yaʔqn̓ shiny head n̓kʷl̓kʷil̓s red eyes kłx̌sitkʷ good water / calm water ckłk̓am̓tíw̓s ride on ckʷal̓st warmed tkʷlw̓titkʷ live/sit on water ʔamníl̓tm̓ feed children n̓qʷast deep p̓sƛ̓aʔtwíl̓x become big t̓m̓t̓m̓ʕał snail wəsxnaqs long beak/nose qəcpmn̓cut shrink oneself stəqpiʔstn̓ feather sx̌ʕap air lkʷəkʷil̓x removed t̓xʷəxʷtiʔst able to fly n̓chusmn̓t face into kcqəcl̓xitkʷ run on water cn̓ʔiw̓lm̓ there are waves cn̓k̓sitkʷst / n̓k̓sitkʷn̓t pollute water k̓im̓xtm̓ leave for someone n̓kʷliw̓tn̓ place to live/sit smy̓may̓ l̓sca ʔáqʷ iʔ ʔaʔsíw̓łswy̓num̓tx t skəkʕákaʔ. t̓iʔ n̓q̓ʷʕay̓kn̓ uł cksəlíc̓aʔ t pəpəqpiq, tq̓ʷʕay̓qn̓ uł p̓ík̓yaʔqn̓ uł n̓kʷl̓kʷil̓s c̓x̌ił t black back; shiny kʷl̓kʷil̓ sp̓y̓qałq. iʔ ʔaʔsíw̓łʔ i sqʷl̓cnin̓ks t̓iʔ piq uł piq iʔ head; red eyes sck̓łyir̓cín̓s.ʔ i skw̓ax̌n̓s piq uł q̓ʷʕay̓ l̓ tqil̓tkm̓s uł t̓iʔ pay̓q l̓ kłixʷútm̓s. ła cʔistkm̓ iʔ ʔaʔsíw̓łʔ i spum̓ts pʕaʕ̓a. iʔ sql̓tmixʷ naʔł tkəłmilxʷ ʔaʔsíw̓ł papút iʔ sʕ̓ac̓əc̓s l̓ scaʔáqʷ uł ʔistkm̓, nax̌m̓ł iʔ sql̓tmixʷ cmisíl̓xʷaʔ kiʔ tl̓ tkəłmilxʷ. N̓səl̓xcin̓ 3: An Advanced Course in Colville-Okanagan Salish revised 06/5/17 134

qipcm̓, ʔasíl̓m̓i ʔ sql̓tmixʷ naʔł tkəłmilxʷ ʔaʔsíw̓ł cp̓lak̓əl̓x tl̓ n̓ʔistktn̓səl̓x ilíʔ ʕ̓aʔím̓i ʔ sxʷuyn̓t tl̓ t̓k̓ʷt̓ik̓ʷt l̓ syil̓xúlaʔxʷ. iʔ melt ʔasíl̓ ck̓r̓k̓ar̓ám̓ cn̓ʔałxʷítkʷəl̓x, sic ʔi sql̓tmixʷ xʷuy̓stsʔ i tkəłmilxʷ k̓l̓ kłx̌sitkʷ uł ilíʔ kłəq̓l̓xínaʔs uł k̓ʷul̓məl̓x t kłn̓ʔaʔúsaʔtn̓s. iʔ calm water ʔaʔsíw̓ł əʔkł am̓ k̓l̓ siw̓łkʷ kaʔ ck̓ʷul̓m̓ t ksn̓ʔaʔúsaʔtn̓s uł x̌minksəl̓x caʔkʷ xəlakək t siw̓łkʷ iʔ n̓ʔaʔúsaʔtn̓s. iʔ ʔaʔsíw̓łʔ i packł aʔ ck̓ʷul̓m̓stsəl̓x, iʔ stʔiʔ nixʷ sƛ̓uk̓ʕálaʔxʷ tl̓ nixʷtítkʷ iʔ t̓ik̓ʷt. tkʔasíl̓m̓ ck̓ʷul̓stsəl̓x ʔi n̓ʔaʔúsaʔtn̓s. iʔ tkəłmilxʷ l̓ sqipc, l̓ miktúʔtn̓, uł ʔaʔúsaʔm̓ t ʔaslíp uł itlíʔ naqs x̌iyáłnxʷ uł k̓ʷl̓k̓ʷul̓l̓i ʔ pəpʕaspəs. t̓iʔ ilíʔ k̓ʷl̓k̓ʷul̓l̓i ʔ pəpʕaspəs, uł way̓ ck̓ram̓, nax̌m̓ł nixʷ ckłk̓am̓tíw̓s l̓ sn̓k̓mikn̓s iʔ ride on ƛ̓x̌əx̌ƛ̓x̌aps ʔixí uł miłəm̓uł ckʷal̓stəl̓x. naqs km̓ ʔaslásq̓t warmed ksk̓r̓k̓r̓am̓sʔ i ʔaʔsíw̓łə ł wis iʔ n̓ʔaʔúsaʔtn̓s uł lut kłp̓lak̓səl̓x ilíʔ t scaʔáqʷ. iʔ ʔaʔsíw̓ł ʔna ł pəpʕaspəsts niʕ̓áy̓p l̓ siw̓łkʷ tkʷlw̓titkʷ live/sit on water; uł k̓l̓ tim̓ł skʕacíw̓s cʔamníl̓tm̓i ʔ ʔaʔsíw̓ł. itlíʔ iʔ pəpʕaspəs feed children n̓ʔałxʷítkʷ təxʷcn̓cut uł łə ʔupn̓kstłʔasíl̓ skʕacíw̓s cniłct ʔamn̓cútəl̓x. ła ck̓laxʷ, iʔ ʔaʔsíw̓ł xʷuy̓ k̓a n̓qʷast uł ilíʔ ʔatxílx to the deep ckłsuk̓ʷt l̓ siw̓łkʷ. ixíʔ mi lut ksəckʷn̓nustm̓ t xmin̓s, c̓x̌ił t sn̓k̓lip naʔł iʔ p̓k̓am̓. k̓aʔáym̓, łə ksʔím̓xaʔxəl̓x, iʔ ƛ̓x̌əx̌ƛ̓x̌apə ł wis iʔ pəpʕaspəs uł t̓əxʷtilx k̓l̓ sn̓ʔistktn̓s. k̓ʷn̓xasq̓t itlíʔ, iʔ pəpʕaspəs p̓sƛ̓aʔtwíl̓xəl̓x, way̓ t̓əxʷtilxəl̓x. become big iʔ ʔaʔsíw̓łʔ i misx̌w̓x̌w̓usts t sʔiłn̓ iʔ qaqxʷl̓x, nax̌m̓ł c̓iłstsəl̓x ʔi c̓áy̓x̌aʔ, swarák̓xn̓ naʔł t̓m̓t̓m̓ʕał. ła cpix̌m̓, iʔ ʔaʔs̓íw̓ł snail ck̓ək̓aʔlíʔst ck̓łt̓k̓ʷitkʷ, ƛ̓aʔƛ̓ʔúsm̓ taʔ ck̓liʔ taʔ ck̓laʔ, n̓ʕ̓ac̓m̓ l̓ siw̓łkʷ. əł wikm̓ t qaqxʷl̓x, xʷus n̓łəx̌ʷp̓mitkʷ. ƛ̓ax̌t ła k̓ram̓ ck̓ʷul̓m̓stsʔ i sp̓ísƛ̓aʔxn̓s uł ckʷn̓nusts iʔ qaqxʷl̓x t wəsxnaqsts. long beak/nose; ła cn̓ʔałxʷítkʷ iʔ ʔaʔsíw̓ł, qəcpmn̓cut iʔ stəqpiʔstn̓s ixíʔ shrink; feathers; yʕat iʔ sx̌ʕap lkʷəkʷil̓x ixíʔ kn̓xitm̓ łə ksn̓ʔałxʷítkʷs. iʔ k̓ʷiƛ̓t iʔ air; removed ʔaʔsíw̓łʔ i sc̓m̓c̓im̓s xac̓t, lut c̓x̌il iʔ k̓ʷiƛ̓t t skəkʕakaʔ. ixíʔ uł t̓ít̓iy̓m̓t iʔ ʔaʔsíw̓łə ł ksn̓ʔałxʷítkʷs. tl̓ sxac̓ts uł nəsnʕast iʔ sc̓m̓c̓im̓s, ckłcw̓caw̓tə ł kst̓uxʷts. łə kst̓xʷəxʷtiʔsts iʔ ʔaʔsíw̓ł able to fly n̓chusm̓s iʔ sniw̓t uł kcqəcl̓xitkʷ csəp̓sp̓ax̌nm̓. face into; run on ʕapnáʔ, lut t̓ xʷʔit iʔ ʔaʔsíw̓ł c̓x̌ił t q̓sápiʔ. iʔ ʔaʔsíw̓ł lut t̓ water x̌minks laʔk̓ín̓ iʔ xʷʔit iʔ sqʷilxʷ. iʔ ʔaʔsíw̓ł lut nixʷ cqłnusts ksk̓ʷl̓nusts iʔ sn̓ʔaʔúsaʔtn̓s ła cn̓ʔiw̓lm̓i ʔ siw̓łkʷ. iʔ ʔaʔsíw̓ł nixʷ there are waves N̓səl̓xcin̓ 3: An Advanced Course in Colville-Okanagan Salish revised 06/5/17 135

əcq̓il̓t ła cn̓k̓sitkʷstəl̓x iʔ siw̓łkʷ. caʔkʷ ctxət̓stim̓i ʔ siw̓łkʷ uł pollute water ck̓im̓xtm̓ iʔ ʔaʔsíw̓ł t kłn̓kʷliw̓tn̓s. ixíʔ uł caʔáqʷm̓ cnixl̓m̓stm̓ leave for; place to n̓x̌scin̓ ła cn̓kʷan̓cínm̓ kʷu ła cxʷuy̓ k̓l̓ t̓k̓ʷt̓ik̓ʷt. live/sit sn̓súxʷnaʔ sw̓łtiłn̓ 1. c̓aknílxʷ iʔ ʔaʔsíw̓ł l̓ scaʔáqʷ ? 2. c̓kin̓ iʔ n̓k̓ʷƛ̓ustn̓s iʔ ʔaʔsíw̓ł ? 3. l̓ scaʔáqʷ, c̓aknílxʷ iʔ ʔaʔsíw̓ł iʔ skw̓ax̌n̓s ? 4. ła cʔistkm̓, c̓aknílxʷ iʔ ʔaʔsíw̓ł ? 5. c̓kin̓ uł t̓ixʷlm̓ iʔ sql̓tmixʷ ʔaʔsíw̓ł kiʔ tl̓ tkəłmilxʷ ? 6. pn̓kin̓ əcp̓lak̓əl̓x tl̓ n̓ʔistktn̓səl̓x iʔ ʔaʔsíw̓ł ? 7. k̓l̓ k̓aʔkín̓ kiʔ xʷuy̓sts iʔ tkəłmilxʷs iʔ sql̓tmixʷ ʔaʔsíw̓ł mi kłəq̓l̓xínaʔłtm̓ ? 8. k̓aʔkín̓ kaʔ ck̓ʷul̓m̓ t ksn̓ʔaʔúsaʔtn̓s iʔ ʔaʔsíw̓ł ? 9. t stim̓ ck̓ʷul̓m̓ t ksn̓ʔaʔúsaʔtn̓s iʔ ʔaʔsíw̓ł ? 10. ha iʔ sql̓tmixʷʔ aʔsíw̓ł km̓ iʔ tkəłmilxʷ iʔ ksk̓ʷul̓m̓s t ksn̓ʔaʔúsaʔtn̓səl̓x ? 11. pn̓kin̓ kaʔ cʔaʔúsaʔm̓ iʔ ʔaʔsíw̓ł ? 12. k̓ʷn̓xip kaʔ cʔaʔúsaʔm̓ iʔ ʔaʔsíw̓ł ? 13. stim̓ ʔi x̌iyáłnxʷ uł k̓ʷl̓k̓ʷul̓l̓ iʔ ʔaʔsíw̓ł iʔ pəpʕaspəsts ? 14. səxkinx uł ckłk̓am̓tíw̓sm̓sts iʔ ƛ̓x̌əx̌ƛ̓x̌apsʔ i ʔaʔsíw̓ł iʔ pəpʕaspəsts ? 15. k̓ʷn̓xasq̓t mi łəwin̓tm̓ iʔ n̓ʔaʔúsaʔtn̓s iʔ ʔaʔsíw̓ł naʔł pəpʕaspəsts ? 16. k̓ʷinx skʕacíw̓s uł cʔamn̓cútəl̓x iʔ ʔaʔsíw̓ł iʔ pəpʕaspəsts ? 17. k̓aʔkín̓ kaʔ cxʷuy̓ iʔ ʔaʔsíw̓ł mi ʔatxílx ? 18. səxkinx uł k̓a n̓qʷast uł ilíʔ ʔatxílx ʔi ʔaʔsíw̓ł ? 19. sw̓swit aʔ cxʔit uł t̓əxʷtilx k̓l̓ sn̓ʔistktn̓s, iʔ ƛ̓x̌əx̌ƛ̓x̌ap ʔaʔsíw̓ł km̓ pəpʕaspəs ? 20. stim̓ ʔi misx̌w̓x̌w̓usts tsʔiłn̓ iʔ ʔaʔsíw̓ł ? 21. t stim̓ ckʷn̓nustm̓ iʔ qaqxʷl̓x t ʔaʔsíw̓ł ? 22. stim̓ ʔa c̓kists ʔi ʔaʔsíw̓ł ła cn̓ʔałxʷítkʷ ? 23. səxkinx uł t̓ít̓iy̓m̓t iʔ ʔaʔsíw̓ł łə ksn̓ʔałxʷítkʷs ? 24. səxkinx uł ckłcw̓caw̓t łə kst̓uxʷts ʔi ʔaʔsíw̓ł ? 25. stim̓ ʔa c̓kists ʔi ʔaʔsíw̓ł łə kst̓xʷəxʷtiʔsts ? 26. səxkinx uł lut t̓ xʷʔit iʔ ʔaʔsíw̓ł c̓xił t q̓sápiʔ ? 27. səxkinx uł lut cqłnusts ksk̓ʷl̓nusts iʔ sn̓ʔaʔúsaʔtn̓s iʔ ʔaʔsíw̓ł ? 28. səxkinx uł əcq̓il̓t iʔ ʔaʔsíw̓ł ? 29. xkinm̓ mi ck̓im̓xtm̓ iʔ ʔaʔsíw̓ł t kłn̓kʷliw̓tn̓s ? 30. mi x̌ast ctxət̓stim̓ʔ i siw̓łkʷ, ixíʔ uł stim̓ ʔi kscnixl̓m̓stm̓ k̓l̓ t̓k̓ʷt̓ik̓ʷt l̓scaʔáqʷm̓ ? an̓cáw̓t sw̓łtiłn̓ 1. ha kʷ n̓kʷl̓kʷil̓s ? ha ktkʷl̓kʷil̓s ? ha kʷ ktp̓m̓p̓um̓s ?hakʷ ktqʷy̓qʷʕay̓s ? mayxít. 2. ha t̓iʔ piq asqʷl̓cnin̓k ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 3. ha papút asʕ̓ác̓əc̓s l̓ scaʔáqʷ uł ʔistkm̓ ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 4. ha iʔ sql̓ql̓tmixʷ l̓ asnəqsílxʷ cmisp̓ísƛ̓aʔt kiʔ tl̓ smam̓ʔím̓ ? may̓xít. 5. ha kʷ kłn̓ʔistktn̓ ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? k̓aʔkín̓ an̓n̓ʔistktn̓ ? may̓xít.

N̓səl̓xcin̓ 3: An Advanced Course in Colville-Okanagan Salish revised 06/5/17 136

6. kʷ ła ck̓rám̓, ha niʕ̓áy̓p kʷ cn̓ʔałxʷítkʷ ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 7. uc an̓x̌mín̓k caʔkʷ xəlakək t siw̓łkʷ akłcítxʷ ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 8. kʷ łə sk̓ʷək̓ʷiml̓t, ha kʷ ckłk̓am̓tíw̓s l̓ sn̓k̓mikn̓s an̓ƛ̓əx̌əx̌ƛ̓x̌áp ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 9. kʷ ła ck̓iy̓t, stim̓ aʔ c̓kistxʷ mi kʷ kʷal̓st ? may̓xít. 10. kʷ łə sk̓ʷək̓ʷiml̓t, stim̓ aʔ cʔamníl̓tm̓stm̓s an̓ƛ̓əx̌əx̌ƛ̓x̌áp ? may̓xít. 11. kʷ k̓ʷnxspin̓tk uł aʔ cxʔit kʷ cʔamn̓cút ? may̓xít. 12. ha an̓x̌ást aksxʷúy̓ k̓a n̓qʷast ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 13. kʷ k̓ʷnxspin̓tk uł kʷ ʔim̓x tl̓ an̓ƛ̓əx̌əx̌ƛ̓x̌ap iʔ citxʷsəl̓x ? may̓xít. 14. stim̓ an̓misx̌w̓x̌w̓us t sʔiłn̓ ? səxkinx ? may̓xít. 15. ha c̓iłstxʷ iʔ t̓m̓t̓m̓ʕał ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 16. ha an̓x̌ást iʔ sn̓łəx̌ʷp̓mitkʷ ? ha an̓x̌ást aksn̓ʕ̓ác̓m̓ l̓ siw̓łkʷ ?səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 17. kʷ ła ck̓ram̓, ha ck̓ʷul̓m̓stxʷ asc̓uʔc̓uʔxán̓ ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 18. kʷ ła ck̓ram̓, ha t̓ít̓iym̓t ł aksn̓ʔałxʷítkʷ km̓ taʔlí kʷ csuk̓ʷt ? may̓xít. 19. ha n̓k̓sitkʷn̓tm̓ iʔ siw̓łkʷ l̓ tək̓ʷtik̓ʷt uł saʔsaʔtítkʷ k̓ík̓aʔt k̓l̓ an̓cítxʷ ? may̓xít. 20. ha nixl̓mn̓txʷ iʔ sn̓x̌scin̓s iʔ ʔaʔsíw̓ł ła cn̓kʷan̓cínm̓ ? pn̓kin̓ ?k̓aʔkín̓ ? səxkinx uł lut ? skłʔiy̓sm̓ t x̌ilm̓s ʔaʔúm̓s A. Point of View Excercise aksck̓ʷúl̓: change the phrase for each new subject, maintaining the same tense. Follow the model. Translate the new phrase to English. iʔ ʔasíl̓ ck̓r̓k̓ar̓ám̓ cn̓ʔałxʷítkʷəl̓x.

EX: anwí naʔł in̓cá: kʷu ck̓r̓k̓ar̓ám̓ kʷu cn̓ʔałxʷítkʷ.

1. in̓cá: nuyápixcn̓:

2. anwí: nuyápixcn̓:

3. Sl̓tis: nuyápixcn̓:

4. anwí naʔł Sx̌ʷƛ̓iʔqn̓: nuyápixcn̓:

B. Point of View Excercise aksck̓ʷúl̓: change the phrase for each new subject, maintaining the same tense. Follow the model. Translate the new phrase to English.

iʔ ʔaʔsíw̓ł łəwis iʔ n̓ʔaʔúsaʔtn̓s.

EX: anwí naʔł ʕAtál̓ / slx̌lax̌t: anwí naʔł ʕAtál̓ łəwin̓tp iʔ slx̌lax̌tm̓p.

N̓səl̓xcin̓ 3: An Advanced Course in Colville-Okanagan Salish revised 06/5/17 137

1. in̓cá / citx: nuyápixcn̓:

2. anwí / sk̓ʷuy̓: nuyápixcn̓:

3. in̓cá naʔł iłəłsk̓ʷúk̓y̓ / sqʷsqʷasíʔa: nuyápixcn̓:

4. iʔ ktl̓tl̓típlaʔ / n̓təxʷsíliʔs: nuyápixcn̓:

C. Point of View Excercise aksck̓ʷúl̓: change the phrase for each new subject, maintaining the same tense. Follow the model. Translate the new phrase to English.

iʔ ʔaʔsíw̓ł ckʷn̓nusts iʔ qaqxʷl̓x.

EX: anwí / skəkʕákaʔ: ckʷn̓nustxʷ iʔ skəkʕákaʔ.

1. in̓cá / palwícyaʔ: nuyápixcn̓:

2. anwí naʔł in̓cá / sar̓sr: nuyápixcn̓:

3. anwí naʔł asyúm̓cn̓ / swarák̓xn̓: nuyápixcn̓:

4. in̓n̓q̓ʷc̓q̓ʷíc̓tn̓ /ɣəɣicɣəc: nuyápixcn̓:

D. Intransitive Commands aksck̓ʷúl̓: change the phrase to form two affirmative commands, one plural and one singular. Follow the model. Translate both new commands to English.

EX: iʔ ʔaʔsíw̓ł ƛ̓aʔƛ̓ʔúsm̓ taʔ ck̓liʔ taʔ ck̓laʔ. ƛ̓aʔƛ̓ʔúsx taʔ ck̓liʔ taʔ ck̓laʔ. ƛ̓aʔƛ̓ʔúswi taʔ ck̓liʔ taʔ ck̓laʔ.

1. Sapát n̓ʕ̓ac̓m̓l̓ siw̓łkʷ. nuyápixcn̓:

N̓səl̓xcin̓ 3: An Advanced Course in Colville-Okanagan Salish revised 06/5/17 138

2. iʔ ʔaʔsíw̓ł xʷus n̓łəx̌ʷp̓mitkʷ. nuyápixcn̓:

3. iʔ ʔaʔsíw̓ł kcqəcl̓xitkʷ csəp̓sp̓ax̌nm̓. nuyápixcn̓:

4. iʔ sql̓tmixʷ naʔł tkəłmilxʷ ʔaʔsíw̓ł cp̓lak̓əl̓x tl̓ n̓ʔistktn̓. nuyápixcn̓:

5. iʔ ʔasíl̓ ck̓r̓k̓r̓am̓cn̓ ʔałxʷítkʷəl̓x. nuyápixcn̓:

E. Actual/habitual 36 Verb Box aksck̓ʷúl̓: Complete the box with correct transitive verb/object forms. cnixl̓m̓st- to hear in̓cá anwí cniłc mnim̓łtət mnim̓łəm̓p mnim̓łcəl̓x in̓cá xxx cnixl̓m̓stmn̓ cnixl̓m̓stn̓ xxx cnixl̓m̓łəmn̓ cnixl̓m̓stnəl̓x anwí kʷuʔ xxx cnixl̓m̓stxʷ kʷuʔ cnixl̓m̓stxʷ xxx cnixl̓m̓stxʷəl̓x cnixl̓m̓stxʷ cniłc kʷuʔ cnixl̓m̓stm̓s cnixl̓m̓sts kʷuʔ cnixl̓m̓stm̓ cnixl̓m̓łəm̓s cnixl̓m̓stsəl̓x cnixl̓m̓sts mnim̓łtət xxx cnixl̓m̓stm̓t cnixl̓m̓stm̓ xxx cnixl̓m̓łəm̓t cnixl̓m̓stməl̓x mnim̓łəm̓p kʷuʔ xxx cnixl̓m̓stp kʷuʔ cnixl̓m̓stp xxx cnixl̓m̓stpəl̓x cnixl̓m̓stp cniłcəlx kʷuʔ cnixl̓m̓stm̓s- cnixl̓m̓stsəl̓x kʷuʔ cnixl̓m̓łəm̓səl̓x cnixl̓m̓stməl̓x cnixl̓m̓stsəl̓x əl̓x cnixl̓m̓stməl̓x mnim̓łcəl̓x

F. Transitive Verbal Exchanges with Objects aksck̓ʷúl̓: answer the questions with a complete n̓səl̓xcin̓ sentence. Translate the question and your answer to English.

1. ha uníxʷ cnixl̓m̓łəm̓səl̓x ? (kiw̓)

2. ha Sapát cnixl̓m̓łəm̓s ? (lut)

3. ha cmistíxʷ səxkinx uł lut t̓a cnixl̓m̓stmn̓ ? (lut)

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4. ha kʷuʔ cnixl̓m̓stp in̓cá naʔł islx̌láx̌t ? (kiw̓)

5. ha swit cnixl̓m̓stm̓s ? (lut)

6. ha p clim̓t uł cnixl̓m̓łəmn̓ ? (kíwa)

G. Future 36 Verb Box aksck̓ʷúl̓: Complete the box with correct transitive verb/object forms. ksnixl̓mn̓t- to hear about in̓cá anwí cniłc mnim̓łtət mnim̓łəm̓p mnim̓łcəl̓x in̓cá xxx kʷ iksníxl̓mnm̓ xxx p iksníxl̓mnm̓ iksníxl̓mnməl̓x iksníxl̓mnm̓ anwí kʷuʔ xxx aksníxl̓mnm̓ kʷuʔ xxx aksníxl̓mnməl̓x aksníxl̓mnm̓ aksníxl̓mnm̓ cniłc kʷuʔ ksnixl̓m̓s ksnixl̓mn̓ts ksnixl̓m̓s kʷuʔ ksnixl̓m̓łəm̓s ksnixl̓m̓səl̓x ksnixl̓mn̓tm̓ mnim̓łtət xxx ksnixl̓mn̓tst ksnixl̓mn̓tm̓ xxx ksnixl̓m̓łəm̓t ksnixl̓mn̓tməl̓x mnim̓łəm̓p kʷuʔ xxx ksnixl̓mn̓tp kʷuʔ ksnixl̓mn̓tp xxx ksnixl̓mn̓tpəl̓x ksnixl̓mn̓tp cniłcəlx kʷuʔ ksnixl̓mn̓tsəl̓x ksnixl̓m̓səl̓x kʷuʔ ksnixl̓m̓łəm̓səl̓x ksnixl̓mn̓tməl̓x ksnixl̓m̓səl̓x ksnixl̓mn̓tməl̓x mnim̓łcəl̓x

H. Transitive Verbal Exchanges with Objects aksck̓ʷúl̓: answer the questions with a complete n̓səl̓xcin̓ sentence. Translate the question and your answer to English.

1. ha uníxʷ ksnixl̓m̓łəm̓səl̓x ? (kiw̓)

2. ha Sapát ksnixl̓m̓łəm̓s ? (lut)

3. ha cmistíxʷ səxkinx uł lut kʷ t̓ iksníxl̓mnm̓ ? (lut)

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4. ha kʷuʔ ksnixl̓mntp in̓cá naʔł islx̌láx̌t ? (kíwa)

5. ha swit ksnixl̓mn̓ts ? (lut)

6. ha p slím̓taʔx uł p iksníxl̓mnm̓? (kíwa)

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ck̓ʷul̓m̓stm̓ iʔ sʔaʔúm̓s 1. n̓q̓ʷʕay̓kn̓- black back reduplication: n̓q̓ʷy̓q̓ʷʕay̓kn example sentences: 1. t̓iʔ n̓q̓ʷʕay̓kn̓ uł cksəlíc̓aʔ t pəpəqpiq, tq̓ʷʕay̓qn̓ uł p̓ík̓yaʔqn̓ uł n̓kʷlkʷil̓s c̓x̌ił t kʷl̓kʷil̓ sp̓y̓qałq. (It has a black back with lots of little white spots, a shiny black head and eyes that look like red berries.) 2. iʔ n̓qsusm̓y ʕat papút ʔi ləslasmísts n̓q̓ʷy̓q̓ʷʕay̓kn̓ uł piq iʔ n̓xaʔcín̓m̓s naʔł iʔ sk̓max̌n̓s. (That team̓ all have the same shirts, they have black backs and the fronts and arms are white.) 3. cq̓y̓ilxʷ in̓pús n̓q̓ʷʕay̓kn̓ uł miskʷríʔ iʔ sk̓ʷƛ̓usts. (My cat is pinto- it has a black back and an orange face.)

2. p̓ík̓yaʔqn̓- shiny head reduplication: p̓k̓p̓ík̓yaʔqn̓ example sentences: 1. t̓iʔ nq̓ʷʕay̓kn̓ uł cksəlíc̓aʔ t pəpəqpiq, tq̓ʷʕay̓qn̓ uł p̓ík̓yaʔqn̓ uł n̓kʷlkʷil̓s c̓x̌ił t kʷl̓kʷil̓ sp̓y̓qałq. (It has a black back with lots of little white spots, a shiny black head and eyes that look like red berries.) 2. iʔ qaqxʷl̓x ła ct̓aʔák̓ʷ t̓iʔ p̓ik̓ iʔ p̓ík̓yaqn̓s. (The fish when it comes up on the water its shiny head flashes.) 3. mc̓áyaʔqnm̓uł p̓ík̓yaʔqn̓. (He greased his hair and it was all shiny.)

3. n̓kʷlkʷil̓s- red eyes / red inside more than one example sentences: 1. t̓iʔ nq̓ʷʕay̓kn̓ uł cksəlíc̓aʔ t pəpəqpiq, tq̓ʷʕay̓qn̓ uł p̓ík̓yaʔqn̓ uł n̓kʷlkʷil̓s c̓x̌ił t kʷl̓kʷil̓ sp̓y̓qałq. (It has a black back with lots of little white spots, a shiny black head and eyes that look like red berries.) 2. iʔ sqilxʷ ła cman̓xʷsts iʔ stʔi uł n̓kʷaʔkʷaʔłús. (When people smoke weed their eyes turn̓ red.) 3. stq̓l̓q̓il̓sx ułn̓kʷl̓kʷil̓s. (He has sore eyes and his eyes are red.)

4. ʕ̓aʔím̓- melt reduplication: ʕ̓aʕ̓aʔím 1. qipcm̓, ʔasíl̓m̓ iʔ sql̓tmixʷ naʔł tkəłmilxʷ ʔaʔsíw̓ł cp̓lak̓əlx tl̓ n̓ʔistktn̓səl̓x ilíʔ ʕ̓aʔím̓i ʔ sxʷuyn̓t tl̓ t̓k̓ʷt̓ik̓ʷt l̓ syil̓xʷúlaʔxʷ. (In the spring, male and female loons return̓ together from their winter camps as soon as the ice melts from the lakes in the Syilx country.) 2. knəqsíc̓aʔ isckʷín̓ t aʔcsul t sqʔim̓ uł yʕat ʕ̓aʕ̓aʔím. ( I bought one box of ice cream̓ and they all melted) 3. qipcm̓ uł ʕ̓aʔím̓iʔ smik̓ʷt naʔł sxʷuyn̓t. (It's spring time and all the snow and ice melts away.)

5. kłx̌sitkʷ- calm water / good on water reduplication: kłx̌sx̌sitkʷ example sentences: 1. iʔ ʔasíl̓ ck̓r̓k̓ar̓ám̓ cn̓ʔałxʷítkʷəlx, sic iʔ sql̓tmixʷ xʷuy̓sts iʔ tkəłmilxʷ k̓l̓ kłx̌sitkʷ uł ilíʔ kłəq̓l̓xínaʔs uł k̓ʷul̓məlx t kłn̓ʔaʔúsaʔtn̓s. (The pair swims and dives together for a while, then the male leads the female to a good spot to mate and build a nest.)

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2. iʔ t̓ək̓ʷt̓ík̓ʷt kłx̌sx̌sitkʷ. (The lakes have good calm waters.) 3. t̓iʔ kƛ̓il̓kʷ iʔ siw̓łkʷ kłx̌sitkʷ c̓x̌ił t ʕac̓x̌n̓cútn. (The water is so still its like a mirror.)

6. kłk̓am̓tíw̓snt- ride on something example sentences: 1. t̓iʔ ilíʔ k̓ʷl̓k̓ʷul̓l̓ iʔ pəpʕaspəs, uł way ck̓ram̓, nax̌m̓ł nixʷ ckłk̓am̓tíw̓s l̓ sn̓k̓mikn̓s iʔ ƛ̓x̌əx̌ƛ̓x̌aps ʔixí uł miłəm̓uł ckʷal̓stəlx. (From the moment the chicks hatch, they can swim, but they also ride on their parents' backs so they can rest and stay warm.) 2. n̓k̓am̓tíw̓smn̓t iʔ scułm̓mi n̓panuʔscút mł kʷ yaxʷt. (Get on and ride that bull so it will buck and you'll fall off.) 3. n̓c̓q̓ʷúla̓xʷm̓səl̓x iʔ st̓mʕal̓t uł ilíʔ k̓am̓tínaʔmn̓t. (When they throw the cow down̓ get on top of it and sit on it.)

7. ckʷal̓st / kʷal̓nt- warm something example sentences: 1. t̓iʔ ilíʔ k̓ʷl̓k̓ʷul̓l̓ iʔ pəpʕaspəs, uł way ck̓ram̓, nax̌m̓ł nixʷ ckłk̓am̓tíw̓s l̓ sn̓k̓mikn̓s iʔ ƛ̓x̌əx̌ƛ̓x̌aps ʔixí uł miłəm̓uł ckʷal̓stəlx. (From the moment the chicks hatch, they can swim, but they also ride on their parents' backs so they can rest and stay warm.) 2. ła n̓kəcnikn̓tm̓ilíʔ t̓ustúsn̓ ckʷl̓kʷal̓st. (When we caught up to them they were al standing around the fire.) 3. kʷin̓t axáʔ iʔ pəpʕaspəs mi kʷal̓n̓t. (Take this chick and warm it up.)

8. tkʷlw̓titkʷ- live / sit on water example sentences: 1. iʔ ʔaʔsíw̓ł naʔł pəpʕaspəsts niʕ̓áy̓p l̓ siw̓łkʷ tkʷlw̓titkʷ, uł k̓l̓ tim̓ł skaʕcíw̓s cʔamníl̓tm̓ iʔ ʔaʔsíw̓ł. (The loon parents and the chicks live on the water, and for eight weeks the parents feed their chicks.) 2. xʷʔit iʔ k̓ʷsixʷ ilíʔ tkʷlw̓titkʷ. (There are a lot of geese sitting in the water.) 3. ilíʔ wikn̓ iʔ p̓ísƛ̓aʔt iʔ stałm̓ tkʷlw̓titkʷ. (I saw the big ships sitting in the water.)

9. ʔamníltm- feed children̓ / offspring example sentences: 1. iʔ ʔaʔsíw̓ł naʔł pəpʕaspəsts niʕ̓áy̓p l̓ siw̓łkʷ tkʷlw̓titkʷ, uł k̓l̓ tim̓ł skaʕcíw̓s cʔamníl̓tm̓ iʔ ʔaʔsíw̓ł. (The loon parents and the chicks live on the water, and for eight weeks the parents feed their chicks.) 2. iʔ t scəcámaʔts iʔ x̌ʷnám̓x̌ʷnam̓ ha mat cn̓c̓xʷcists łac̓amníl̓tm. (The hummingbirds are so small I wonder if they pour liquid in their mouths to feed them.) 3. stim̓ascʔamníl̓ t ? (What did you feed the children?)

10. n̓qʷast- deep water reduplication: n̓qʷsqʷast example sentences: 1. ła ck̓laxʷ, iʔ ʔaʔsíw̓ł xʷuy̓ k̓a n̓qʷast uł ilíʔ ʔatxílx ckłsuk̓ʷt l̓ siw̓łkʷ. (At night, the loons go to where the water is deep, and they sleep floating on the water.)

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2. iʔ xʷəxʷmínaʔ x̌stmists iʔ n̓qʷsqʷast iʔ siw̓łkʷ. (The trout like the deep water) 3. t̓ik̓t iʔ saʔtítkʷ uł miyáł n̓qʷast ł aksniʔák̓ʷ. (When it's high water time its too deep to cross.)

11. p̓sƛ̓aʔtwíl̓x- become big (more than one) example sentences: 1. k̓ʷn̓xasq̓t itlíʔ, iʔ pəpʕaspəs, p̓sƛ̓aʔtwíl̓xəlx, way t̓əxʷtilxəlx. (A few days later, the chicks, who are big, now they fly away.) 2. way p̓sƛ̓aʔtwíl̓x iʔ sk̓ʷək̓ʷƛ̓il̓t. (The fawns are getting bigger.) 3. ha ksp̓sƛ̓ʔus iʔ st̓xałq ? (Are the huckleberries big?)

12. t̓m̓t̓m̓ʕał- snail example sentences: 1. iʔ ʔaʔsíw̓ł iʔ misx̌w̓x̌w̓usts t sʔiłn̓ iʔ qaqxʷl̓x, nax̌m̓ł c̓iłstsəl̓x iʔ c̓áy̓x̌aʔ, sw̓ar̓ak̓xn̓ naʔł t̓m̓t̓m̓ʕał. (The loons' favorite food is fish, but they also eat crawdads, frogs, and snails.) 2. tałt ask̓ək̓aʔlíʔ c̓x̌ił t̓m̓t̓m̓ʕałt . (You're as slow as a snail.) 3. ha mat x̌ast t sʔiłn̓ iʔ t̓m̓t̓m̓ʕał. (I wonder if the snails are good to eat?)

13. wəsxnaqs- long beak / long nose example sentences: 1. ƛ̓ax̌t ła k̓ram̓ck̓ʷul̓m̓sts iʔ sp̓ísƛ̓aʔxn̓s uł ckʷn̓nusts iʔ qaqxʷl̓x t wəsxnaqsts. (It swims fast using its big feet, and catches the fish with its long beak.) ̌2. iʔ swəsxnaqsts iʔ wəsxnaqs c̓x̌ił t scʕaw̓ʕawíksts. (The elephant long nose is like his fingers.) 3. iʔ stətʔícxn̓ wəsxnaqs uł wəswisxn̓xn. (The kildeer has a long beak and long legs.)

14. qəcpmn̓cut- shrink reduplication: qəcqəcpmn̓cut example sentences: 1. ła cn̓ʔałxʷítkʷ iʔ ʔaʔsíw̓ł, qəcpmn̓cut iʔ stəqpiʔstn̓s ixíʔ yʕat iʔ sx̌ʕap lkʷəkʷil̓x ixíʔ kn̓xitm̓ł ə ksn̓ʔałxʷítkʷs. (When loons dive, they squeeze their feathers together so all the air is pushed out; this helps them to dive easier.) 2. tqn̓tixʷ iʔ m̓ʕamláʔ uł cqəcqəcpmn̓cút. (When you touch worms they shrink themselves.) 3. n̓q̓ʷaʔítkʷn̓txʷ asq̓əq̓át̓l̓qs l̓ myáł taʔkʷítkʷn̓ uł cqcap. (If you wash your sweater in too of hot water it will shrink.)

15. stəqpiʔstn̓- feather example sentences: 1. ła cn̓ʔałxʷítkʷ iʔ ʔaʔsíw̓ł, qəcpmn̓cut iʔ stəqpiʔstn̓s ixíʔ yʕat iʔ sx̌ʕap lkʷəkʷil̓x ixíʔ kn̓xitm̓ł ə ksn̓ʔałxʷítkʷs. (When loons dive, they squeeze their feathers together so all the air is pushed out; this helps them to dive easier.) 2. iʔ y̓lmixʷm̓ iʔ c̓l̓qin̓s tl̓ stəqpiʔstn̓ kaʔ ck̓ʷul. (The cheif's headress is made from feathers.) 3. iʔ stəqpiʔstn̓s iʔ pql̓qin̓ iʔ sx̌ʷw̓x̌ʷw̓ustsəl̓x. (The bald eagle feathers are the favorite)

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16. sx̌ʕap- air reduplication: sx̌əx̌ʕap example sentences: 1. ła cn̓ʔałxʷítkʷ iʔ ʔaʔsíw̓ł, qəcpmn̓cut iʔ stəqpiʔstn̓s ixíʔ yʕat iʔ sx̌ʕap lkʷəkʷil̓x ixíʔ kn̓xitm̓ł ə ksn̓ʔałxʷítkʷs. (When loons dive, they squeeze their feathers together so all the air is pushed out; this helps them to dive easier.) 2. in̓x̌ást iʔ sx̌əx̌ʕap. (I like the little breaze.) 3. ksʕawúsəs iʔ x̌iyáłnxʷ uł x̌ʕap iʔ t̓m̓xʷúlaʔxʷ. (When the sun̓ goes down̓ the air cools.)

17. lkʷəkʷil̓x- remove / take away singular: lkʷil̓x example sentences: 1. ła cn̓ʔałxʷítkʷ iʔ ʔaʔsíw̓ł, qəcpmn̓cut iʔ stəqpiʔstn̓s ixíʔ yʕat iʔ sx̌ʕap lkʷəkʷil̓x ixíʔ kn̓xitm̓ł ə ksn̓ʔałxʷítkʷs. (When loons dive, they squeeze their feathers together so all the air is pushed out; this helps them to dive easier.) 2. ła kłswʕaʔ uł lkʷəkʷil̓x iʔ sƛ̓aʔcínm̓. (If there's a cougar around the deer will move away.) 3. maʔaʔmín̓ts iʔ sqilxʷ way t̓iʔ kʷ lkʷil̓x itlíʔ. (People are getting tired of you, you better move away from there.)

18. t̓xʷəxʷtiʔst- able to fly example sentences: 1. łə kst̓xʷəxʷtiʔsts iʔ ʔaʔsíw̓ł n̓chusm̓s iʔ sniw̓t uł kcqəcl̓xitkʷ csəp̓sp̓ax̌nm. (In order to take off flying, loons face into the wind and run on top of the water, flapping their wings.) 2. iʔ pəpʕaspəs ckłcw̓caw̓t kaʔ ct̓xʷəxʷtiʔst. (The chicks hare a hard time to fly.) 3. itlíʔ cyaxʷt iʔ k̓ʷək̓ʷyúmaʔ ʕan̓n. kʷin̓ uł łn̓t̓k̓ʷn̓tin̓ l̓ n̓ʔaʔúsaʔtn̓s, kiʔ sic t̓xʷəxʷtiʔst. (The little magpie fell out of his nest, I put it back in the nest then it was able to fly.)

19. n̓cahúsm- face into reduplication: n̓cahcahúsm example sentences: 1. łə kst̓xʷəxʷtiʔsts iʔ ʔaʔsíw̓ł n̓chusm̓s iʔ sniw̓t uł kcqəcl̓xitkʷ csəp̓sp̓ax̌nm. (In order to take off flying, loons face into the wind and run on top of the water, flapping their wings.) 2. n̓cahcahúsmt iʔ sniw̓t. (Face the wind.) 3. ik̓líʔ kʷ xʷuy̓ mi n̓cahúsmtxʷ iʔ sqilxʷ. (Go over there and face the people.)

20. kcqəcl̓xitkʷ- run on water example sentences: 1. łə kst̓xʷəxʷtiʔsts iʔ ʔaʔsíw̓ł n̓chusm̓s iʔ sniw̓t uł kcqəcl̓xitkʷ csəp̓sp̓ax̌nm. (In order to take off flying, loons face into the wind and run on top of the water, flapping their wings.)

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2. iʔ sap̓mítkʷ cqəcl̓xitkʷ. (The water bug runs on the water.) 3. iʔ x̌ʷʕatx̌ʷt cqəcl̓xitkʷ l̓ siw̓łkʷ mi sic t̓xʷəxʷtiʔst. (The ducks sometimes run on the water before they can get off the water to fly.)

21. n̓ʔiwlm- waves on water example sentences: 1. iʔ ʔaʔsíw̓ł lut nixʷ cqłnusts ksk̓ʷul̓nústs iʔ sn̓ʔaʔúsaʔtn̓s ła cn̓ʔiw̓lm̓ iʔ siw̓łkʷ. (Loons also can not build nests if there are a lot of waves on the water.) 2. niw̓t uł n̓ʔiwlm̓iʔ t̓ik̓ʷt. (When the wind blows there are waves on the water.) 3. miyáł ła cp̓ísƛ̓aʔt iʔ sn̓ʔiwlm̓ uł cn̓w̓l̓litkʷ iʔ stałm. (When the waves get too big a boat could roll over.)

22. cnk̓sitkʷst / nk̓sitkʷn̓t- pollute water example sentences: 1. iʔ ʔaʔsíw̓ł nixʷ əcq̓il̓t ła cnk̓sitkʷstəlx iʔ siw̓łkʷ. (Loons also get sick when people pollute the water.) 2. iʔ st̓mʕal̓t ła cnp̓c̓ʕatkʷsts iʔ siw̓łkʷ uł cn̓k̓stkʷil̓x. (When the cattle poop in the water it pollutes it.) 3. iʔ sqilxʷ cn̓p̓c̓ʕatkʷstsəl̓x iʔ siw̓łkʷ uł cn̓k̓stkʷil̓x uł tan̓mús k̓l̓ cniłc. (The people poop in the water and pollute it and they don't care.)

23. k̓im̓xt- leave/save something for someone reduplication: k̓m̓k̓im̓xt example sentences: 1. caʔkʷ ctxət̓stim̓i ʔ siw̓łkʷ uł ck̓im̓xtm̓ iʔ ʔaʔsíw̓ł t kłn̓kʷliw̓tn̓s. (We should take care of the water, and leave places for the loons.) 2. lut yʕat akskm̓am̓ilíʔ k̓im̓xt. (Don't take it all. Leave some for him.) 3. k̓m̓k̓im̓xt tl̓ sʔiłn̓. (Save some of the food for him.)

24. n̓kʷliw̓tn̓- place to live / sit (more than one) reduplication: n̓kʷl̓kʷliw̓tn example sentences: 1. caʔkʷ ctxət̓stim̓i ʔ siw̓łkʷ uł ck̓im̓xtm̓ iʔ ʔaʔsíw̓ł t kłn̓kʷliw̓tn̓s. (We should take care of the water, and leave places for the loons.) 2. x̌sx̌ast iʔ n̓kʷliw̓tn̓s. (He has nice chairs.) 3. xʷʔit iʔ n̓kʷl̓kʷliw̓tn. (There are lots of houses.)

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15. səxʷk̓ʷan̓łqm̓ uł stxət̓sqáx̌aʔm̓- st̓qmix t sw̓púlaʔxʷ sʔaʔúm̓s k̓ʷʕaʔmístm̓ hire t̓qam̓ stack kʕ̓acíkn̓tn̓ baler n̓qmin̓t stack sw̓púlaʔxʷ hay cqmin̓ stacked n̓kʷukʷústn̓ pig pen n̓łiptmn̓t forget something kłkcw̓cwʕáqstxn̓ chaps sp̓am̓ hour (strike) skʕ̓acíkn̓ bale kʕ̓acíknm̓ to bale kswítmist exert oneself / do one's best wy̓skłqmín̓t finish stacking things ckcqʷus sit on fire/stove nutnáx dish up / put something in (command) smy̓may̓ Pilaʔsís k̓ʷʕaʔmístm̓s iʔ sn̓txʷusts Wpcin̓ kskn̓xitm̓ t̓qam̓t hire; stack sw̓púlaʔxʷ. t̓iʔ łkʷəkʷʕast....

P- way̓kʷ ckicx. W- way̓k n̓ ckicx. P- ha way̓kʷ sk̓ʷúl̓aʔx ? W- ki. way̓ kn̓ ksk̓ʷul̓áʔx. stim̓ aʔ cxʔit iʔ ksck̓ʷul̓tət ? P- yʕatmín̓ iʔ str̓ar k̓l̓ kʕ̓acíkn̓tn̓, kn̓ ksxʷúyaʔx k̓ iłsísn̓caʔ baler mi kn̓ kʷułn̓ t str̓ar. kn̓ łə k̓aw̓ in̓x̌mín̓k n̓qmin̓txʷ iʔ stack sw̓púlaʔxʷ l̓ n̓t̓w̓stsqáx̌aʔtn̓ ixíʔ aʔ cqmin̓ kłəʔam̓s ʔi hay; stacked n̓kʷukʷústn̓. way̓c m̓k n̓ łckicx mi sic wy̓stixʷ. pig pen W- hahúy̓, nax̌m̓ł n̓łiptmn̓ ispíkst. forget P- l̓ n̓kʷuml̓scútn̓ ilíʔ kspikst uł ilíʔ kłkcw̓cwʕáqstxn̓. łwikn̓tsn̓ chaps l̓ naqs sp̓am. hour (strike)

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ʔay̓xáxaʔ l̓ łkʷəkʷʕast....

P- way̓k n̓ łckicx, x̌ast asck̓ʷúl̓. k̓ik̓m̓ mi wy̓stixʷ. W- ki, axáʔ t skʕ̓acíkn̓ lut t̓ nəsnʕast. bale P- lut t̓a ckʷul̓stn̓ t nəsnʕast, miyáł nʕast uł ctil̓xʷstn̓ ł iksn̓wísl̓xstm̓. isnutnám̓i ʔ str̓ar l̓ kʕ̓acíkn̓tn̓ ilíʔ anwí way̓ wy̓stixʷ asck̓ʷúl̓. n̓tx̌ʷəx̌ʷqin̓....

P- hey̓, Wpcin̓ ! cn̓ʔułxʷəxʷ mi kʷu ʔiłn̓. W- hahúy̓, way̓k n̓ t̓cxʷuy̓ ! P- axáʔ st̓xitkʷ uł lkalát. W- way̓ kʷuʔ kʷukʷstxʷ. P- nixl̓mn̓ l̓ k̓ək̓níyaʔtn̓ ksq̓ítaʔx łə x̌lap. uc caʔkʷ kʷ aláʔ kʷ k̓ʷul̓m̓ uł k̓laxʷ ? W- ki, way̓k n̓ aláʔ. P- x̌ast. ʔúluʔsn̓ aʔ ckʕ̓acíkn̓ uł anwí kʷ wy̓skʕ̓acíkn̓m̓. ixíʔ finish baling kʷ łə wy̓skʕ̓acíkn̓m̓uł kʷuʔ kn̓xitxʷ kłqmin̓tm̓i ʔ skʕ̓acíkn̓. kʷu łə kswítmist way̓c m̓ wy̓skłqmín̓tm̓i ʔ sw̓púlaʔxʷ mi exert oneself; sic k̓laxʷ. finish stacking W- hahúy̓. ha nixʷ kst̓xitkʷ ? P- xʷʔit ilíʔ ckcqʷus. nutnáx. sit on fire/stove; W- way kʷuʔ kʷukʷstxʷ. dish up sn̓súxʷnaʔ sw̓łtiłn̓ 1. swit iʔ k̓ʷʕaʔmístm̓s Pilaʔsís ? 2. stim̓ ʔi ksck̓ʷul̓s Wpcin̓ ? 3. stim̓ ʔi yʕatmís Pilaʔsís ? 4. k̓aʔkín̓ ksxʷúyaʔx Pilaʔsís mi kʷułn̓ t str̓ar ? 5. łə k̓aw̓ Pilaʔsís, stim̓ x̌minks ksc̓kists Wpcin̓ ? 6. stim̓ ʔi n̓łiptm̓s Wpcin̓ ? 7. stim̓ ilíʔ l̓ n̓kʷuml̓scútn̓ ? 8. pn̓kin̓ mi łwikn̓tm̓ Wpcin̓ t Pilaʔsís ? 9. səxkinx uł lut t̓ nəsnʕast Pilaʔsís ʔi skʕ̓acíkn̓s ? 10. stim̓ ʔi sʔiłn̓səl̓x Pilaʔsís naʔł Wpcin̓ ? 11. səxkinx uł Pilaʔsís x̌minks ksk̓ʷúl̓aʔx Wpcin̓ uł k̓laxʷ ? N̓səl̓xcin̓ 3: An Advanced Course in Colville-Okanagan Salish revised 06/5/17 148

12. swit iʔ ksʔúluʔsəs aʔ ckʕ̓acíkn̓ ? 13. swit iʔ kswy̓skʕ̓acíkn̓aʔx ? 14. stim̓ ʔi ksc̓kists Wpcin̓ łə wy̓skʕ̓acíkn̓m̓ ? 15. łə kswitmíst Pilaʔsís naʔł Wpcin, pn̓kin̓ mi wy̓skłqmín̓tm̓ iʔ sw̓púlaʔxʷ ? an̓cáw̓t sw̓łtiłn̓ 1. kʷ łə t̓ʔik̓/st̓aʔk̓míx, swit iʔ k̓ʷʕaʔmístmn̓ts ? may̓xít. 2. swit iʔ k̓ʷʕaʔmístmn̓txʷ t n̓k̓ʷspin̓tk ?səxkinx uł k̓ʷʕaʔmístmn̓txʷ ? may̓xít. 3. stim̓ asct̓qám̓ tspiʔsc̓íłt ? may̓xít. 4. ha way̓ kʷ sk̓ʷúl̓aʔx ʕapnáʔ t sx̌l̓x̌ʕal̓t ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 5. ha swit l̓ asnəqsílxʷ kłkʕ̓acíkn̓tn̓ ? ha swit kłn̓kʷukʷústn̓ ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 6. ha kʷ kspəkpikst ? c̓aknilxʷ ? l̓ scaʔáqʷm̓, ha qʷay̓ clʕaw̓stíxʷ aspəkpíkst ? 7. stim̓ascn̓łípt t spiʔsc̓íłt ? may̓xít. 8. l̓ scaʔáqʷm̓, ha an̓kcw̓cwʕáqstxn̓ aʔ clʕaw̓stíxʷ ? ha kʷ kłkcw̓cwʕáqstxn̓ ? s əxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 9. swit akłəłwíkm̓ łə x̌lap ? swit kłəłwikn̓tsn̓ ? may̓xít. 10. kʷ łə t̓ʔik̓/st̓aʔk̓míx, ha kʷ ct̓qam̓ t skʕ̓acíkn̓ ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 11. ha ctil̓xʷstxʷ ł akswy̓stím̓ aksck̓ʷúl̓ ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 12. ha cm̓ ksq̓ítaʔx łə x̌lap ? may̓xít. 13. l̓ k̓ʷinx uł kʷ wy̓sk̓ʷul̓m̓ tspiʔsc̓íłt ? l̓ k̓ʷinx akswy̓sk̓ʷúl̓m̓ ʕapnáʔ t sx̌l̓x̌ʕal̓t ? 14. ha niʕ̓áy̓p kʷ ckswítmiʔst l̓ aksck̓ʷúl̓ ?səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 15. stim̓i ʔ ckcqʷus l̓ an̓cítxʷ ʕapnáʔ ? may̓xít. 16. t sk̓ək̓laxʷ, swit iʔ cun̓ts, "nutnáx" ? swit iʔ cun̓txʷ, "nutnáx" ? may̓xít.

skłʔiy̓sm̓ t x̌ilm̓s ʔaʔúm̓s A. Point of View Excercise aksck̓ʷúl̓: change the phrase for each new subject, maintaining the same tense. Follow the model. Translate the new phrase to English. yʕatmín̓ iʔ str̓ar k̓l̓ kʕ̓acíkn̓tn̓, kn̓ ksxʷúyaʔx k̓ iłsísn̓caʔ mi kn̓ kʷułn̓ t str̓ar. EX: iʔ xəxiw̓xw̓tm̓: yʕatmísəl̓x iʔ str̓ar k̓l̓ kʕ̓acíkn̓tn̓, ksxʷúyaʔxəl̓x iʔ k̓l̓łsísn̓ca ʔsəl̓x mi kʷułnəl̓x t str̓ar.

1. anwí: nuyápixcn̓:

2. Marí: nuyápixcn̓:

3. in̓cá naʔł anwí: nuyápixcn̓:

4. anwí naʔł Snínaʔqn̓: nuyápixcn̓:

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B. Point of View Excercise aksck̓ʷúl̓: change the phrase for each new subject, maintaining the same tense. Follow the model. Translate the new phrase to English.

n̓łiptmn̓ ispíkst.

EX: anwí naʔł in̓cá / smal̓k̓ʷíkst: n̓łiptmn̓tm̓ iʔ smal̓k̓ʷíkstət. We forgot our mittens.

1. anwí / sqlaw̓: nuyápixcn̓:

2. Misál / n̓qlaw̓tn̓: nuyápixcn̓:

3. anwí naʔł asn̓txʷús / yiqíp: nuyápixcn̓:

4. iʔ scəcmálaʔ / q̓y̓q̓y̓min̓: nuyápixcn̓:

C. Point of View Excercise aksck̓ʷúl̓: change the phrase for each new subject, maintaining the same tense. Follow the model. Translate the new phrase to English.

isnutnám̓ iʔ str̓ar l̓ kʕ̓acíkn̓tn̓ ilíʔ anwí way̓ wy̓stixʷ asck̓ʷúl̓.

EX: anwí / in̓cá: asnutnám̓ iʔ str̓ar l̓ kʕ̓acíkn̓tn̓ ilíʔ in̓cá way̓ wy̓stin̓ isck̓ʷúl̓.

1. ʕAtál̓ / in̓cá naʔł anwí: nuyápixcn̓:

2. in̓cá naʔł anwí / Sapát: nuyápixcn̓:

3. anwí naʔł Pit / iʔ smam̓ʔím̓: nuyápixcn̓:

4. aslx̌láx̌t / anwí naʔł Makarít: nuyápixcn̓:

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D. Verb Box aksck̓ʷúl̓: Complete the verb box with the matching tense/aspect. n̓łiptm̓ / n̓łiptmn̓t in̓cá anwí cniłc mnim̓łtət mnim̓łəm̓p mnim̓łcəl̓x intransitive kn̓ n̓łiptm̓ kʷ n̓łiptm̓ n̓łiptm̓ kʷu n̓łiptm̓ p n̓łiptm̓ n̓łiptməl̓x past/present intransitive kn̓ səcn̓łiptx kʷ səcn̓łiptx səcn̓łiptx kʷu p səcn̓łiptx səcn̓łiptxəl̓x imperfect səcn̓łiptx intransitive kn̓ kʷ sn̓łíptaʔx ksn̓łíptaʔx kʷu p sn̓łíptaʔx ksn̓łíptaʔxəl̓x future/inceptive ksn̓łíptaʔx ksn̓łíptaʔx transitive n̓łiptmn̓ n̓łiptmn̓txʷ n̓łiptm̓s n̓łiptmn̓tm̓ n̓łiptmn̓tp n̓łiptm̓səl̓x past/present transitive cn̓łiptm̓stn̓ cn̓łiptm̓stxʷ cn̓łiptm̓sts cn̓łiptm̓stm̓ cn̓łiptm̓stp cn̓łiptm̓stsəl̓x customary/actual transitive future iksn̓łíptmnm̓ aksn̓łíptmnm̓ ksn̓łiptm̓s ksn̓łiptmn̓tm̓ ksn̓łiptmn̓tp ksn̓łiptm̓səl̓x

E. sw̓łtiłn̓ aksck̓ʷúl̓: answer each question with a complete sentence.

1. ha n̓łiptmn̓txʷ stim̓ t skłəʔaʔ ? may̓xít.

2. ła claʔkín̓, ha cn̓łiptm̓stxʷ askʷíst ?səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ?

3. ha kʷ n̓łiptm̓ asck̓ʷúl̓ k̓l̓ n̓səl̓xcin̓ 3 t snəqskʕacíw̓s ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ?

4. stim̓ aksn̓łíptmnm̓ łə x̌lap ?

5. ha sic asx̌mn̓káwaʔ ksn̓łiptmn̓ts łə k̓ʷƛ̓əƛ̓ap iʔ x̌iyáłnxʷ ? may̓xit.

6. ha kʷ sn̓łíptaʔx t stim̓ łə skłəʔaʔ ? stim̓ ? əs xkinx ?

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F. Past/present 36 Verb Box aksck̓ʷúl̓: Complete the box with correct transitive verb/object forms. n̓łiptmn̓t- to forget in̓cá anwí cniłc mnim̓łtət mnim̓łəm̓p mnim̓łcəl̓x in̓cá xxx n̓łiptmn̓tsn̓ n̓łiptmn̓ xxx n̓łiptm̓łəmn̓ n̓łiptmnəl̓x anwí kʷuʔ xxx n̓łiptmn̓txʷ kʷuʔ n̓łiptmn̓txʷ xxx n̓łiptmn̓txʷəl̓x n̓łiptmn̓txʷ cniłc kʷuʔ n̓łiptm̓s n̓łiptmn̓ts n̓łiptm̓s kʷuʔ n̓łiptmn̓tm̓ n̓łiptm̓łəm̓s n̓łiptm̓səl̓x mnim̓łtət xxx n̓łiptmn̓tst n̓łiptmn̓tm̓ xxx n̓łiptm̓łəm̓t n̓łiptmn̓tməl̓x mnim̓łəm̓p kʷuʔ xxx n̓łiptmn̓tp kʷuʔ n̓łiptmn̓tp xxx n̓łiptmn̓tpəl̓x n̓łiptmn̓tp cniłcəlx kʷuʔ n̓łiptmn̓tsəl̓x n̓łiptm̓səl̓x kʷuʔ n̓łiptm̓łəm̓səl̓x n̓łiptmn̓tməl̓x n̓łiptm̓səl̓x n̓łiptmn̓tməl̓x mnim̓łcəl̓x

G. Transitive Verbal Exchanges with Objects aksck̓ʷúl̓: answer the questions with a complete n̓səl̓xcin̓ sentence. Translate the question and your answer to English.

1. ha uníxʷ n̓łiptm̓łəm̓səl̓x ? (kiw̓)

2. ha Sapát n̓łiptm̓łəm̓s ? (lut)

3. ha cmistíxʷ səxkinx uł n̓łiptmn̓tsn̓ ? (lut)

4. ha kʷuʔ n̓łiptmn̓tp in̓cá naʔł islx̌láx̌t ? (kiw̓)

5. səxkinx uł kʷuʔ n̓łiptmn̓txʷ ? (ʔay̓x̌ʷt)

6. ha p clim̓t uł n̓łiptm̓łəmn̓ ? (kíwa)

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H. Future 36 Verb Box aksck̓ʷúl̓: Complete the box with correct transitive verb/object forms. n̓łiptmn̓t- to forget in̓cá anwí cniłc mnim̓łtət mnim̓łəm̓p mnim̓łcəl̓x in̓cá xxx kʷ iksn̓łíptmnm̓ xxx p iksn̓łíptmnm̓ iksn̓łíptmnməl̓x iksn̓łíptmnm̓ anwí kʷuʔ xxx aksn̓łíptmnm̓ kʷuʔ xxx aksn̓łíptmnm- aksn̓łíptmnm̓ aksn̓łíptmnm̓ əl̓x cniłc kʷuʔ ksn̓łiptmn̓ts ksn̓łiptm̓s kʷuʔ ksn̓łiptm̓łəm̓s ksn̓łiptm̓səl̓x ksn̓łiptm̓s ksn̓łiptmn̓tm̓ mnim̓łtət xxx ksn̓łiptmn̓tst ksn̓łiptmn̓tm̓ xxx ksn̓łiptm̓łəm̓t ksn̓łiptmn̓tm- əl̓x mnim̓łəm̓p kʷuʔ xxx ksn̓łiptmn̓tp kʷuʔ xxx ksn̓łiptmn̓tpəl̓x ksn̓łiptmn̓tp ksn̓łiptmn̓tp cniłcəlx kʷuʔ ksn̓łiptmn̓ts- ksn̓łiptm̓səl̓x kʷuʔ ksn̓łiptm̓łəm̓s- ksn̓łiptmn̓tm- mnim̓łcəl̓x ksn̓łiptm̓səl̓x əl̓x ksn̓łiptmn̓tməl̓x əl̓x əl̓x

I. Transitive Verbal Exchanges with Objects aksck̓ʷúl̓: answer the questions with a complete n̓səl̓xcin̓ sentence. Translate the question and your answer to English.

1. ha uníxʷ ksn̓łiptm̓łəm̓səl̓x ? (kiw̓)

2. ha Sapát ksn̓łiptm̓łəm̓s ? (lut)

3. ha cmistíxʷ səxkinx uł kʷ iksn̓łíptmnm̓ ? (lut)

4. ha kʷuʔ ksn̓łiptmn̓tp in̓cá naʔł islx̌láx̌t ? (kiw̓)

5. səxkinx uł kʷuʔ aksn̓łíptmnm̓in̓cá ? (qʷʕaw)

6. ha p slím̓taʔx uł p iksn̓łíptmnm̓? (kíwa)

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ck̓ʷul̓m̓stm̓ iʔ sʔaʔúm̓s 1. k̓ʷʕamístm- hire example sentences: 1. Pilaʔsís k̓ʷʕaʔmístm̓s iʔ sn̓txʷusts Wpcin̓ kskn̓xitm̓ t̓qam̓ t sw̓púlaʔxʷ. (Pilaʔsís has hired her cousin̓ Wpcin̓ to help her with her haying.) 2. kʷuʔ k̓ʷʕaʔmístm̓s kn̓ ksk̓ʷl̓cn̓cútaʔx. (He hired me to cook) 3. iksk̓ʷʕamístmnm̓mi kʷ n̓min̓ks. (I'm going to hire her to rub my back.)

2. t̓qam- stack reduplication: t̓qt̓qam example sentences: 1. Pilaʔsís k̓ʷʕaʔmístm̓sʔ i sn̓txʷusts Wpcin̓ kskn̓xitm̓ t̓qam̓ t sw̓púlaʔxʷ. (Pilaʔsís has hired her cousin̓ Wpcin̓ to help her with her haying.) 2. ha way kʷ wy̓st̓qam̓ ? (Are you done stacking hay?) 3. yʕat taʔkín̓ st̓qt̓aq iʔ sw̓púlaʔxʷs. (He has stacks of hay all over the place.)

3. kʕ̓acíkn̓tn̓- baler example sentences: 1. yaʕ̓tmín̓i ʔ str̓ar k̓l̓ kʕ̓acíkn̓tn̓, kn̓ ksxʷúyaʔx k̓ iłsísn̓caʔ mi kn̓ kʷułn̓ t str̓ar. (I need twine for the baler, so I'm going to my brother's to borrow some twine.) 2. t̓iʔ ilíʔ x̌w̓aw̓ iʔ sx̌ʷíclaʔxʷs uł kʕ̓acíkn̓txʷ. (As soon as what he mowed is dry, you bale it.) 3. ʕapnáʔ p̓ísƛ̓aʔt łackʕ̓acíknm̓ lut aksn̓wsəsl̓xnúnm̓. (Now that they bale huge bales, you're not able to pick them up by hand.)

4. n̓qmin̓t- to stack something reduplication: n̓qm̓qmin̓t example sentences: 1. kn̓ łə k̓awin̓x̌mín̓k n̓qmin̓txʷ iʔ sw̓púlaʔxʷ l̓ n̓t̓w̓stsqáx̌aʔtn̓ ixíʔ aʔ cqmin̓ kłəʔam̓s iʔ n̓kʷukʷústn̓. (While I'm gone I want you to put those bales that are next the pig pen̓ into the barn.) 2. n̓qm̓qmin̓t l̓ an̓ƛ̓aqƛ̓áqnaʔ. (Put them in your pockets.) 3. n̓qmin̓t iʔ st̓mʕal̓t l̓ aʔ ck̓łʕal. (Put the cattle in the corral.)

5. sw̓púlaʔxʷ- hay example sentences: 1. kn̓ łə k̓awin̓x̌mín̓k n̓qmin̓txʷ iʔ sw̓púlaʔxʷ l̓ n̓t̓w̓stsqáx̌aʔtn̓ ixíʔ aʔ cqmin̓ kłəʔam̓s iʔ n̓kʷukʷústn̓. (While I'm gone I want you to put those bales that are next the pig pen̓ into the barn.) 2. x̌ʷíclaʔxʷnt iʔ sw̓púlaʔxʷ mi n̓qmin̓t l̓ nt̓əwstsqáx̌aʔtn̓. (Cut the hay and put it in the barn.) 3. q̓it uł łaʕ̓át̓ iʔ sw̓púlaʔxʷ sic qʷlap. (It rained and the hay got wet, then it molded.)

6. cqmin- stacked reduplication: cqm̓qmin̓ example sentences: N̓səl̓xcin̓ 3: An Advanced Course in Colville-Okanagan Salish revised 06/5/17 154

1. kn̓ łə k̓awin̓x̌mín̓k n̓qmin̓txʷ iʔ sw̓púlaʔxʷ l̓ n̓t̓w̓stsqáx̌aʔtn̓ ixíʔ aʔ cqmin̓ kłəʔam̓s iʔ n̓kʷukʷústn̓. (While I'm gone I want you to put those bales that are next the pig pen̓ into the barn.) 2. xʷuy̓x ʕáx̌laʔxʷn̓t iʔ sw̓púlaʔxʷ xʷʔit putiʔ aʔ cqm̓qmin̓. (Go and rake up the hay, there is still lots laying around.) 3. xʷuy̓əl̓x uł qmínmiʔstəl̓x l̓ sc̓íl̓aʔxʷ. (They go and lay down̓ in the shade.)

7. n̓kʷukʷústn- pig pen example sentences: 1. kn̓ łə k̓awin̓x̌mín̓k n̓qmin̓txʷ iʔ sw̓púlaʔxʷ l̓ n̓t̓w̓stsqáx̌aʔtn̓ ixíʔ aʔ cqmin̓ kłəʔam̓s iʔ n̓kʷukʷústn̓. (While I'm gone I want you to put those bales that are next the pig pen̓ into the barn.) 2. kn̓ ksk̓ʷul̓łxʷaʔx t sic n̓kʷukʷústn̓. (I'm going to build a new pigpen.) 3. taʔlí cxac̓t akłn̓kʷukʷústn̓. (You have to have a solid pigpen.)

8. n̓łiptmn̓t- forget something reduplication: n̓łəpłiptmn̓t example sentences: 1. hahúy̓, nax̌m̓ł n̓łiptmn̓ ispíkst. (Okay, but I forgot my gloves.) 2. lut aksn̓łəpłíptmnm̓astətm̓tím . (Don't forget your clothes.) 3. n̓łiptmn̓t ixíʔ k̓sql̓tmixʷ. (Forget that horrible man.)

9. kłkcw̓cwʕáqstxn̓- chaps singular: kłkcwʕáqstxn example sentences: 1. l̓ n̓kʷuml̓scútn̓ ilíʔ kspikst uł ilíʔ kłkcw̓cwʕáqstxn̓. (There are gloves and chaps in the shed.) 2. iʔ kawpoy clʕaʔstís iʔ w̓c cw̓ʕaqstxn̓. (Cowboys wear chaps.) 3. ła clʕaʔstís iʔ cw̓cw̓ʕaqstxn̓ ła cn̓łuxʷt uł lut kslɣaps tl̓ kl̓kl̓xmikstn̓. (When he wears chaps, when he goes in the brush the limbs won't poke him.)

10. sp̓am- hour (strike) reduplication: səp̓sp̓am example sentences: 1. łwikn̓tsn̓ l̓ naqs sp̓am. (I'll see you in an hour.) 2. səp̓sp̓an̓t mi ləkʷil̓x iʔ stim̓ tl̓ w̓púlaʔxʷ. (Strike the bushes so whatever is there will go away) 3. ʔupn̓kst uł naqs ła csp̓am̓ iʔ x̌əx̌iyáłnxʷ. (The clock strikes 12 times.)

11. skʕ̓acíkn̓- bale reduplication: skʕ̓acʕacíkn example sentences: 1. ki, axáʔ t skʕ̓acíkn̓ lut t̓ nəsnʕast. (Yah, these bales aren't heavy.) 2. k̓łx̌ʷil̓ iʔ skʕ̓acʕacíkn̓s. (He baled a lot of bales) 3. lut miyáł ksnəsnʕasts akskʕ̓acíkn̓. (Don't make your bales too heavy.)

N̓səl̓xcin̓ 3: An Advanced Course in Colville-Okanagan Salish revised 06/5/17 155

12. kʕ̓acíknm̓- to bale reduplication: example sentences: 1. ʔúluʔsn̓ aʔ ckʕ̓acíkn̓ uł anwí kʷ wiʔs kʕ̓acíknm̓. (I'll pick up bales and you can finish baling.)

13. kswitmíst- exert oneself / do ones best reduplication: kswiwitmíst example sentences: 1. kʷu łə kswitmíst way cm̓ wiʔskłqmintm̓ iʔ sw̓púlaʔxʷ mi sic k̓laxʷ. (If we work hard, we should be able to get them all picked up before it gets dark.) 2. kswiwitmístəl̓x uł ƛ̓xʷupəl̓x. (They exerted themselves and they won.) 3. iwá kn̓ ckswitmíst uł til̓xʷn. (I tried real hard but I failed.)

14. wiʔskłqmintm- finish stacking something example sentences: 1. kʷu łə kswitmíst way cm̓ wiʔskłqmintm̓ iʔ sw̓púlaʔxʷ mi sic k̓laxʷ. (If we work hard, we should be able to get them all picked up before it gets dark.) 2. łə wiʔskłqmín̓tm̓kʷu xʷuy̓ uł nw̓l̓al iʔ sw̓púlaʔxʷ. (We got all the hay loaded but as soon as we went it tipped over.) 3. kłqmin̓t iʔ xƛ̓ut l̓ l̓l̓wakín. (Put all the rocks on the little wagon.)

15. ckcqʷus- be sitting on the fire/stove reduplication: ckckcqʷus example sentences: 1. xʷʔit ilíʔ ckcqʷus. (There's lots more on the stove.) 2. ilíʔ ckckcqʷús iʔ sk̓ʷl̓cn̓cuts uł mat k̓aʔkín̓ łə xʷuy̓. (His cooking pots were sitting on the stove and I don't know where he went.) 3. kcqʷusn̓t l̓ aʔ cwar̓. (Set it on the fire.)

N̓səl̓xcin̓ 3: An Advanced Course in Colville-Okanagan Salish revised 06/5/17 156

16. stxət̓il̓tm̓- iʔ səxʷtxt̓il̓tm̓ sʔaʔúm̓s sy̓ay̓áx̌aʔ movie səxʷk̓am̓tíl̓tm̓ babysitter sisp̓l̓k̓spín̓tk sEven years k̓am̓tíl̓t babysit xʷaʔám̓ / xʷaʔán̓t pick up and hold something sək̓ʷtaqstxn̓ lap kəxłulmn̓ (kxam̓) I go with you all (accompany) k̓łn̓pw̓ʕapm̓ knock on door kłət̓pmikstm̓ jump into arms ƛ̓mipm̓ be late n̓q̓ʷlmin̓ oven łəq̓lilxst put to bed (more than one) n̓piyíl̓s have fun ƛ̓w̓an̓t turn off p̓uƛ̓m̓ to end n̓łəq̓l̓xmál̓qstn̓ pajamas n̓ʔam̓títkʷ sit in water cx̌ʷusəskʷ bubbles in the water smy̓may̓ Katalín̓na ʔł sx̌ílwiʔs ksxʷúy̓yaʔx k̓l̓ sy̓ay̓áx̌aʔ, ksckícxaʔx iʔ movie səxʷk̓am̓tíl̓tm̓tx ət̓n̓tis iʔ sqʷsqʷasíʔaʔsəl̓x. kst̓m̓kʔil̓t Katalín̓, babysitter kaʔłl̓spín̓tk, Sapát iʔ skʷists. uł Piyarís sisp̓l̓k̓spín̓tk, ixíʔ sqʷsiʔs. sEven years Katalín̓ cus iʔ scəcm̓álaʔ iʔ sn̓txʷustsəl̓x, Nkʷála, ksck̓aw̓sk̓am̓tíl̓taʔx. babysit

K- Sapát cxʷuy̓x k̓laʔ. Piyarís, cxʷuy̓x kʷuʔ qʷl̓qʷil̓st.

Katalín̓, k̓łnixlm̓s iʔ scəcm̓álaʔ cʕ̓ay̓ʕ̓ay̓n̓cút... K- cxʷuy̓x k̓laʔ ! in̓x̌mín̓k p iksqʷl̓qʷíl̓stm̓! way̓ lim̓lm̓t kʷ cxʷuy̓y̓ł ə x̌litn̓tsn̓, Piyarís. k̓aʔkín̓ ałcəcʔúps ? P- səcwíkʷmiʔstx. lut x̌minks aksxʷúy̓.

N̓səl̓xcin̓ 3: An Advanced Course in Colville-Okanagan Salish revised 06/5/17 157

K- Sapát, cxʷuy̓x. in̓x̌mín̓k kʷ iksqʷl̓qʷíl̓stm̓mi sic kn̓ xʷuy̓. way̓ x̌ast xixw̓tm̓. cxʷuy̓x kʷ iksxʷaʔám̓. P- in̓x̌mín̓k caʔkʷ kʷuʔ xʷaʔn̓tíxʷ. hold K- hahúy̓, cxʷuy̓x k̓laʔ mi xʷaʔn̓tsín̓ k̓ isək̓ʷtaqstxn̓ naʔł ałcəcʔúps. an̓místm̓na ʔł in̓cá kʷu ksxʷúyaʔx k̓l̓ sy̓ay̓áx̌aʔx lap uł cm̓ks əxʷk̓am̓tíl̓t. S- lut in̓x̌mín̓k iksəxʷk̓am̓tíl̓t. in̓x̌mín̓k kəxłulmn̓ anwí naʔł in̓místm̓. I go with you all K- lut ʕapnáʔ, in̓cá naʔł an̓místm̓ksł əwin̓tst. nax̌m̓ł ha cmistíxʷ swit iʔ ksk̓am̓tíl̓tn̓ts ? P- swit ? K- asn̓txʷús, Nkʷála. S- Nkʷála ! in̓x̌ást ixíʔ. pn̓kin̓ mi cxʷuy̓ ? K- xiʔmíx pn̓kin̓ckicx. t̓iʔ put ilíʔ uł k̓łn̓pw̓ʕapm̓. S- Nkʷála ! Nkʷála ! way̓ ckicx ! knock on door

Sapát qicl̓x k̓l̓ k̓łn̓k̓mip uł kłət̓pmikstm̓s Nkʷála. N- way̓ Sapát. way̓y ʕayʕát swit. kn̓ ckicx. K- way̓kʷ ckicx. way̓ ixíʔ kʷu sxʷuy̓y̓s, lut x̌min̓ktət kʷuʔ jump into arms ksƛ̓mipm̓s k̓l̓ sy̓ay̓áx̌aʔ. iʔ st̓xitkʷ ckcqʷus ilíʔ l̓ n̓k̓ʷl̓cn̓cutn̓, uł kłl̓kalát l̓ n̓q̓ʷlmin̓. k̓ik̓m̓ mi p̓y̓aq. húmaʔ łəq̓lil̓xst l̓ x̌əx̌n̓ut, ł aspuʔús uł cʕal̓xstxʷəl̓x. cm̓l̓ ʔupn̓kst uł naqs km̓ tx̌ʷiw̓s sn̓kʷəkʷʔac mi kʷu łcy̓ʕap. be late N- hahúy̓. n̓piyíl̓sx. oven put to bed ʔay̓xáxaʔ... N- hahúy̓, ƛ̓w̓an̓t ixíʔ iʔ sn̓y̓ay̓áx̌aʔtn̓ uł cxʷúy̓wi ʔałʔíłn̓wi. have fun P- nax̌m̓ł iʔ lútiʔ t̓ p̓uƛ̓m̓ iʔ scy̓ay̓áx̌aʔtət. N- way̓ t̓iʔ x̌ast, ƛ̓w̓an̓t ixíʔ łə y̓ay̓áx̌aʔn̓t p łə wy̓cin̓. Sapát, stim̓ an̓x̌mín̓k t akscsíw̓st ? S- in̓x̌mín̓k tn̓t̓xitkʷ. turn̓ off N- lut t̓a n̓t̓xitkʷ ʕapnáʔ. iʔ t sqʔim̓, siw̓łkʷ km̓ t tkʷr̓kʷriʔs to end st̓xitkʷ. S- in̓x̌mín̓k ʔt sq im̓. N̓səl̓xcin̓ 3: An Advanced Course in Colville-Okanagan Salish revised 06/5/17 158

N- Piyarís, anwí stim̓ an̓x̌mín̓k t akscsíw̓st. P- in̓x̌mín̓k tn̓t̓xitkʷ. N- miyáł kʷ x̌əx̌stmamn̓. an̓x̌mín̓k ʔt sq im̓, siw̓łkʷ km̓ tkʷərkʷriʔs n̓t̓xitkʷ. P- in̓x̌mín̓k t ʔsq im̓.

ʔay̓xáxaʔ... P- uc caʔkʷ t csul̓ t sqʔim̓k n̓ ʔiłn̓. N- k̓aw̓skʷ ast̓xítkʷ uł kʷ ʔiłn̓ t aʔ csul t sqʔim̓. Sapát, k̓aw̓skʷ an̓lkalát uł nixʷ anwí kʷ ʔiłn̓ t aʔ csul̓ t sqʔim̓.

ʔay̓xáxaʔ... N- hahúy̓. p̓uƛ̓m̓i ʔ sy̓ay̓áx̌aʔ. cʕacʕál̓xwi uł lʕaʔn̓típ iʔ n̓łəq̓l̓xmál̓qstn̓m̓p. S- uc caʔkʷ kʷu y̓ay̓áx̌aʔ t sy̓xíxiʔ ? N- lut, ʕapnáʔ p scʕál̓xaʔx. Piyarís, ha an̓x̌mín̓k kʷ scʕál̓xaʔx km̓ kʷ skc̓ʕax̌naʔn̓cút ? P- kn̓ kc̓ʕax̌naʔn̓cút. S- in̓cá nixʷ kn̓ kc̓ʕax̌naʔn̓cút. N- hahúy̓, Piyarís k̓l̓ kc̓ʕax̌naʔn̓cútn̓ uł anwí Sapát kʷ n̓ʔam̓títkʷ pajamas l̓ aʔ cx̌ʷusəskʷ. S- hahúy̓. kn̓ cʕal̓x l̓ aʔ cn̓x̌ʷusəskʷ.

ʔay̓xáxaʔ... N- x̌ast sn̓kʷəkʷʔac, Sapát. x̌ast sn̓kʷəkʷʔac Piyarís. x̌ast aksʔítx. x̌ast aksqíʔs, Sapát. x̌ast ksʔitxm̓p. x̌ast ksqiʔsm̓p. sit in water; cm̓ kn̓ aláʔ uł cy̓ʕap an̓ƛ̓əx̌əx̌ƛ̓x̌ap. uł wikn̓tpəl̓x p łqiłt l̓ bubbles łkʷəkʷʕast. S- x̌ast sn̓kʷəkʷʔac. P- x̌ast sn̓kʷəkʷʔac.

sn̓súxʷnaʔ sw̓łtiłn̓ 1. k̓aʔkín̓ ksxʷúy̓yaʔx Katalín̓ naʔł sx̌ílwiʔs ? 2. swit iʔ ksckícxaʔx txət̓n̓tis Katalín̓ iʔ sqʷsqʷasíʔaʔs ? 3. k̓ʷnxspin̓tk Katalín̓ iʔ st̓m̓kʔil̓ts ? 4. swit iʔ skʷists Katalín̓ iʔ st̓m̓kʔil̓ts ? N̓səl̓xcin̓ 3: An Advanced Course in Colville-Okanagan Salish revised 06/5/17 159

5. k̓ʷnxspin̓tk Katalín̓ iʔ sqʷsiʔs ? 6. swit iʔ skʷists Katalín̓ iʔ sqʷsiʔs ? 7. stim̓ ʔi k̓łnixlm̓s Katalín̓ ? 8. səxkinx uł lut cxʷuy̓ Sapát łə x̌litn̓tm̓ ? 9. swit iʔ xʷaʔn̓tis Katalín̓ ? 10. səxkin̓ uł lut x̌minks ksəxʷk̓am̓tíl̓ts Sapát ? stim̓ x̌minks ? 11. swit iʔ skʷists Sapát naʔł Piyarís ʔi sn̓txʷustsəl̓x ? 12. swit iʔ kłət̓pmikstm̓s Sapát ? 13. stim̓ ʔi ckcqʷus l̓ n̓k̓ʷl̓cn̓cutn̓ ? 14. stim̓ ʔi ckcqʷus l̓ n̓q̓ʷlmin̓ ? 15. l̓ k̓ʷinx mi łəq̓lilxstm̓ʔ i scəcmálaʔ t Nkʷála ? 16. pn̓kin̓ łcy̓ʕápaʔx tl̓ sy̓ay̓áx̌aʔ Katalín̓ naʔł sx̌ilwiʔs ? 17. łə wy̓cinəl̓x iʔ scəcmálaʔ, stim̓ ʔi ksc̓kistsəl̓x ? 18. stim̓ x̌minks Sapát kscsiw̓sts ? stim̓ x̌minks Piyarís ? 19. stim̓ ʔi ksc̓kistsəl̓x ʔi scəcmálaʔ łə x̌minksəl̓x t sul̓t sqʔim̓ ? 20. ha kscʕál̓xaʔx km̓ kskc̓ʕax̌naʔn̓cútaʔ Piyarís ? 21. c̓kin̓ iʔ kscʕal̓xs Sapát ? 22. swit ilíʔ uł cy̓ʕap iʔ scəcmálaʔ iʔ ƛ̓x̌əx̌ƛ̓x̌aps ? 23. swit iʔ kswikn̓tm̓ t scəcmálaʔ łə ksłqiłtsəl̓x l̓ łkʷəkʷʕast ? an̓cáw̓t sw̓łtiłn̓ 1. ha kʷ sy̓ay̓áx̌aʔaʔx iʔ k̓l̓ sn̓y̓ay̓áx̌aʔtn̓ łə skłəʔaʔ ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 2. ha yʕatmín̓txʷ iʔ səxʷk̓am̓tíl̓tm̓ mi kʷ xʷuy̓ iʔ k̓l̓ sy̓ay̓áx̌aʔ ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 3. swit iʔ ksqʷl̓qʷil̓stm̓s ʕapnáʔ łə k̓laxʷ ? swit aksqʷl̓qʷíl̓stm̓ ? may̓xít. 4. swit iʔ x̌litn̓ts t spiʔsc̓íłt ? swit iʔ x̌litn̓txʷ ? may̓xít. 5. ha kʷ wíkʷmiʔst t sk̓ək̓laxʷ ? ha kʷ swíkʷmiʔstaʔx ʕapnáʔ łə k̓laxʷ ? may̓xít. 6. ha swit xʷaʔn̓tsís t sn̓kʷəkʷʔac ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 7. swit iʔ xʷaʔn̓tíxʷ t spiʔsc̓íłt ? ə s xkinx ? may̓xít. 8. swit kłmut l̓ asək̓ʷtaqstxn̓ t n̓k̓ʷspiʔsc̓íłt ? may̓xít. 9. swit iʔ kxn̓tsis t skłəʔaʔ ? may̓xít. 10. swit akskxnám̓ łə skłəʔaʔ ? may̓xít. 11. swit aksłəwínm̓ łə x̌lap ? swit ksłəwin̓ts ʕapnáʔ t sx̌l̓x̌ʕal̓t ? may̓xít. 12. ha kʷ k̓łn̓pw̓ʕapm̓ʕ apnáʔ t sx̌l̓x̌ʕal̓t ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 13. swit iʔ kłət̓pmikstm̓n̓ts t skłəʔaʔ ? swit iʔ kłət̓pmikstm̓n̓txʷ ? may̓xít. 14. ha niʕ̓áy̓p p cƛ̓mipm̓ naʔł asnəqsílxʷ ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 15. ha xʷk̓ʷxʷak̓ʷək̓ʷ an̓n̓q̓ʷlmin̓ ? may̓xít. 16. sw̓swit uł łəq̓lil̓xstxʷ t spiʔsc̓íłt ? may̓xít. 17. ha swit łəq̓il̓xstm̓s t sn̓kʷəkʷʔac ? swit ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 18. ha p n̓piyíl̓s naʔł asnəqsílxʷ t skłəʔaʔ ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 19. l̓ k̓ʷinx kiʔ ƛ̓w̓n̓tixʷ an̓c̓íkʷsxn̓ tsn̓kʷəkʷʔac ? may̓xít. 20. stim̓ aksc̓kístm̓ə ł pƛ̓masq̓t ʕapnáʔ t sx̌l̓x̌ʕal̓t. may̓xít. 21. stim̓ an̓x̌mín̓k t akscsíw̓st ʕapnáʔ ? may̓xít. 22. ha miscsíw̓stxʷ iʔ sqʔim̓, siw̓łkʷ km̓ iʔ tkʷr̓kʷriʔs st̓xitkʷ ? may̓xít.

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23. kʷ łə xʷuy̓ iʔ k̓l̓ ʔsn̓ iłn̓tn̓, ha niʕ̓áy̓p ck̓aw̓stxʷ asʔíłn̓ km̓ cxʷuy̓stxʷ iʔ sk̓am̓qs ? may̓xít. 24. ha kʷ kłn̓łəq̓l̓xmál̓qstn̓ ? c̓aknílxʷ ? ha niʕ̓áy̓p clʕaw̓stíxʷ an̓n̓łəq̓l̓xmál̓qstn̓ ? may̓xít. 25. kʷ łə cʕawl̓x, ha kʷ kc̓ʕax̌naʔn̓cút km̓kʷ n̓ʔam̓títkʷ ? may̓xít. 26. ha qʷay̓ kʷ ła cn̓ʔam̓títkʷ l̓ aʔ cx̌ʷusəskʷ ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 27. ha x̌ast asc̓ítx t sn̓kʷəkʷʔac ? ha x̌ast aksʔítx əł n̓kʷəkʷʔac ? may̓xít.

Sapát qicl̓x k̓l̓ k̓łn̓k̓mip uł kłət̓pmikstm̓s Nkʷála. qicl̓x- one runs xitmiʔst- more than one run EX: in̓cá: kn̓ qicl̓x k̓l̓ k̓łn̓k̓mip uł kłət̓pmikstm̓n̓ Nkʷála.

1. anwí: nuyápixcn̓:

2. in̓cá naʔł anwí: nuyápixcn̓:

3. anwí naʔł Sulí: nuyápixcn̓:

4. Talatí naʔł st̓m̓t̓m̓kʔil̓ts: nuyápixcn̓:

B. Point of View Excercise aksck̓ʷúl̓: change the phrase for each new subject, maintaining the same tense. Follow the model. Translate the new phrase to English.

ha an̓x̌mín̓k kʷ scʕál̓xaʔx km̓kʷ kc̓ʕax̌naʔn̓cút ?

EX: ʕAtál̓: ha x̌minks kscʕál̓xaʔx km̓kc̓ ʕax̌naʔn̓cút ?

1. in̓cá: nuyápixcn̓:

2. in̓cá naʔł isəxʷk̓am̓tíl̓tm̓: nuyápixcn̓:

3. anwí naʔł asəxʷknxcútn: nuyápixcn̓:

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4. My̓as naʔł sqʷsiʔs: nuyápixcn̓:

C. Verbal Exchange Questions aksck̓ʷúl̓: answer the question with a complete, correct, affirmative n̓səl̓xcin̓ response. Follow the model. Translate your answer to English.

EX: ha an̓x̌mín̓k kʷuʔ aksqʷl̓qʷíl̓stm̓ ? kiw̓, in̓x̌mín̓k kʷ iksqʷl̓qʷíl̓stm̓.

1. ha kʷuʔ x̌litn̓txʷ ? nuyápixcn̓:

2. uc p iksxʷaʔám̓ ? nuyápixcn̓:

3. ha xʷaʔn̓tsín̓ ? nuyápixcn̓:

4. ha an̓x̌mín̓k kʷuʔ kxn̓tixʷ in̓cá naʔł an̓místm̓ ?

nuyápixcn̓:

D. Verb Box aksck̓ʷúl̓: Complete the verb box with the matching tense/aspect. xʷaʔám̓ / xʷaʔán̓t- to pick up and hold in̓cá anwí cniłc mnim̓łtət mnim̓łəm̓p mnim̓łcəl̓x intransitive kn̓ xʷaʔám̓ kʷ xʷaʔám̓ xʷaʔám̓ kʷu xʷaʔám̓ p xʷaʔám̓ xʷaʔáməl̓x past/present intransitive kn̓ kʷ səcxʷaʔmíx kʷu p səcxʷaʔmíx səcxʷaʔmíx- imperfect səcxʷaʔmíx səcxʷaʔmíx səcxʷaʔmíx əl̓x intransitive kn̓ kʷ ksxʷaʔmíxaʔx kʷu p sxʷaʔmíxaʔx ksxʷaʔmíxaʔx future/inceptive ksxʷaʔmíxaʔx sxʷaʔmíxaʔx ksxʷaʔmíxaʔx -əl̓x transitive xʷaʔn̓tín̓ xʷaʔn̓tíxʷ xʷaʔn̓tís xʷaʔn̓tím̓ xʷaʔn̓típ xʷaʔn̓tísəl̓x past/present transitive cxʷaʔstín̓ cxʷaʔstíxʷ cxʷaʔstís cxʷaʔstím̓ cxʷaʔstíp cxʷaʔstísəl̓x customary/actual transitive future iksxʷaʔám̓ aksxʷaʔám̓ ksxʷaʔn̓tís ksxʷaʔn̓tím̓ ksxʷaʔn̓típ ksxʷaʔn̓tísəl̓x

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E. an̓cáw̓t sw̓łtiłn̓ aksck̓ʷúl̓: answer the questions with complete sentences.

1. ha kʷ xʷaʔám̓ t scəcmil̓t t spiʔsc̓íłt ? may̓xít.

2. ha kʷ səcxʷaʔmíx t pus ʕapnáʔ ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ?

3. ha xʷaʔn̓tixʷ iʔ sk̓ʷək̓ʷiml̓t t spiʔsc̓íłt ? ə s xkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ?

4. ha qʷay̓ cxʷaʔstíxʷ ʔi scəcmálaʔ ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ?

5. swit aksxʷaʔám̓ łə sk̓ək̓laxʷ ? may̓xít.

6. ha kʷ sxʷaʔmíxaʔ t pus km̓ kəkwápaʔ łə x̌lap ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ?

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F. Future Transitive 36 Verb Box aksck̓ʷúl̓: Complete the box with transitive verb/object forms ksxʷaʔán̓t- to pick up and hold in̓cá anwí cniłc mnim̓łtət mnim̓łəm̓p mnim̓łcəl̓x in̓cá xxx kʷ iksxʷaʔám̓ xxx p iksxʷaʔám̓ iksxʷaʔáməl̓x iksxʷaʔám̓ anwí kʷuʔ xxx aksxʷaʔám̓ kʷuʔ aksxʷaʔám̓ xxx aksxʷaʔáməl̓x aksxʷaʔám̓ cniłc kʷuʔ ksxʷaʔn̓tsís ksxʷaʔn̓tís kʷuʔ ksxʷaʔn̓tím̓ ksxʷaʔłulm̓s ksxʷaʔn̓tisəl̓x ksxʷaʔn̓tís mnim̓łtət xxx ksxʷaʔn̓tsít ksxʷaʔn̓tím̓ xxx ksxʷaʔłulm̓t ksxʷaʔn̓tím̓əl̓x mnim̓łəm̓p kʷuʔ xxx ksxʷaʔn̓típ kʷuʔ ksxʷaʔn̓típ xxx ksxʷaʔn̓típəl̓x ksxʷaʔn̓típ cniłc kʷuʔ ksxʷaʔn̓tsís- ksxʷaʔn̓tísəl̓x kʷuʔ ksxʷaʔłulm̓səl̓x ksxʷaʔn̓tím̓əl̓x ksxʷaʔn̓tísəl̓x əl̓x ksxʷaʔn̓tím̓əl̓x

G. sw̓łtiłn̓ aksck̓ʷúl̓: answer the questions with complete sentences according to the prompts. Translate the question and your answer to English.

1. swit ksxʷaʔłúm̓s łə k̓laxʷ ? (sx̌mn̓káwaʔ)

2. swit ksxʷaʔn̓tsis łə n̓kʷəkʷʔac ? (tum̓)

3. uc kʷ iksxʷaʔám̓ ? (kiw̓)

4. ha ksxʷaʔn̓típəl̓x ? (lut)

5. ha x̌min̓km̓p ksxʷaʔłum̓t ? (kiw̓)

6. ha an̓x̌mín̓k ksxʷaʔn̓tsit ? (lut)

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ck̓ʷul̓m̓stm̓ iʔ sʔaʔúm̓s 1. sy̓ay̓áx̌aʔ- movie / TV show example sentences: 1. Katalín̓ naʔł sx̌ílwiʔs ksxʷúy̓yaʔx k̓l̓ sy̓ay̓áx̌aʔ, ksckícxaʔx iʔ səxʷk̓am̓tíl̓tm̓ txət̓n̓tis iʔ sqʷsqʷasíʔaʔsəl̓x. (Katalín̓ and her husband are going to the movies, so a babysitter is coming to take care of their children.) 2. lut in̓x̌ástʔ i n̓x̌lutm̓ t sy̓ay̓áx̌aʔ. (I don't like scary movies.) 3. ixíʔ k̓l̓ scəcm̓álaʔ t sy̓ay̓áx̌aʔ. (That movie is for children.)

2. səxʷk̓am̓tíl̓tm̓- babysitter example sentences: 1. Katalín̓ naʔł sx̌ílwiʔs ksxʷúy̓yaʔx k̓l̓ sy̓ay̓áx̌aʔ, ksckícxaʔx iʔ səxʷk̓am̓tíl̓tm̓ txət̓n̓tis iʔ sqʷsqʷasíʔaʔsəl̓x. (Katalín̓ and her husband are going to the movies, so a babysitter is coming to take care of their children.) 2. xac̓t ła kskakícəm̓ t x̌ast aksəxʷk̓am̓tíl̓tm̓. (It's hard to find a good babysitter.) 3. ha x̌ast asəxʷk̓am̓tíl̓tm̓ ? (Is your babysitter a good babysitter?)

3. sisp̓l̓k̓spín̓tk- sEven years reduplication: sisp̓l̓k̓p̓l̓k̓spín̓tk example sentences: 1. uł Piyarís sisp̓l̓k̓spín̓tk, ixíʔ sqʷsiʔs. (And she has a son, Piyarís, who is sEven years old.) 2. isn̓ʔímaʔt cut, "lut ʕapnáʔ kn̓ ʔuʔx̌ʷtílaʔt, kn̓ ƛ̓x̌ap, kn̓ sisp̓l̓k̓spín̓tk." (My grandaughter said, "I'm not a baby any more, I'm a big girl now, I'm seven.") 3. sisp̓l̓k̓p̓lk̓spín̓tk way ła ck̓łʔimstmn, pn̓kin̓ mi kʷ łckicx ? (I've been̓ waiting for you for sEven years, when are you coming back?)

4. k̓am̓tíl̓t- to babysit example sentences: 1. Katalín̓ cus iʔ scəcm̓álaʔ iʔ sn̓txʷustsəl̓x, Nkʷála, ksck̓aw̓s k̓am̓tíl̓taʔx. (Katalín̓ is telling the kids that their cousin, Nkʷála, is coming to babysit them.) 2. ixíʔ t xəxiw̓xw̓tm̓ks k̓am̓tíl̓taʔx. (Those girls are gonna babysit.) 3. k̓am̓tíl̓tm̓iʔ st̓mʕal̓t. (Cows babysit.)

5. xʷaʔám- hold someone reduplication: xʷaʔxʷaʔám example sentences: 1. cxʷuy̓x kʷ iksxʷaʔám̓. (Come and I'll hold you.) 2. miyáł nʕast ixíʔ aʔ cxʷaʔxʷaʔstíxʷ. (That one your holding is to heavy.) 3. ha aksəcxʷaʔxʷaʔám̓ ? (Are you going to be holding it?)

6. sək̓ʷtaqstxn̓- lap / one leg reduplication: sək̓ʷsək̓ʷtaqstxn̓

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example sentences: 1. hahúy̓, cxʷuy̓x k̓laʔ mi xʷaʔn̓tsín̓ k̓ isək̓ʷtaqstxn̓ naʔł ałcəcʔúps. (Okay, come over here and I'll hold you on my lap with your sister.) 2. axáʔ yʕat sək̓ʷsək̓ʷtáqstxn. ( all of these only has one leg) 3. l̓ sək̓ʷtáqstxn̓s kiʔ lɣap. (He was given̓ a shot in the one leg.)

7. kxłulmn- I accompany you folks example sentences: 1. in̓x̌mín̓k kəxłulmn̓ anwí naʔł inmístm̓. (I want to go with you and dad.) 2. in̓cá mi kəxłulmn̓ áłiʔ cmimistín̓ iʔ sqilxʷ ik̓líʔ. (I will go with you guys because I know the people there.) 3. ha kxłulm̓s iʔ sqilxʷ ? (Did the people go with you guys?)

8. k̓łn̓pw̓ʕapm̓- knock on door reduplication: k̓łn̓pw̓pw̓ʕapm example sentences: 1. t̓iʔ put ilíʔ uł k̓łn̓pw̓ʕapm̓. (Right then there is a knock on the door.) 2. iʔ səxʷlk̓am̓ k̓łn̓pw̓pw̓ʕapm̓ łə ƛ̓aʔƛ̓aʔsqílxʷm. (The police knocked on doors looking for someone.) 3. ik̓líʔ xʷuy̓x kʷ k̓łn̓pw̓ʕapm̓, way cm̓nʔúłxʷstm̓ s. (You go and knock on the door, and he will let you in.)

9. kłət̓pmikstm̓- jump into someone's arms reduplication: example sentences: 1. Sapát qicəlx k̓l̓ k̓łn̓k̓mip uł kłət̓pmikstm̓s Nkʷála. (Sapát runs to the door and jumps into Nkʷála's arms.) 2. t sn̓x̌iłts in̓kəkw̓apáʔ uł kʷu n̓łət̓pmíkstm̓s. (My dog was so scarred he jumped right in my arms.) 3. cm̓ t̓iʔ kʷ sal̓ʔal mi n̓łət̓pmikstmn̓ts. (If your'e not careful he will jump right into your arms.)

10. ƛ̓mipm̓- be late reduplication: ƛ̓m̓ƛ̓m̓ipm example sentences: 1. way ixíʔ kʷu sxʷuy̓y̓s, lut x̌minktət kʷu ksƛ̓mipm̓s k̓l̓ sy̓ay̓áx̌aʔ. (Okay, we're going, we don't want to be late to the movie.) 2. iwá xʷsxʷusl̓xəl̓x uł way ƛ̓m̓ƛ̓m̓ipməl̓x. (Even though they hurried, they were still late.) 3. lut in̓x̌mín̓k iksƛ̓mípm. (I don't want to be late.)

11. n̓q̓ʷlmin̓- oven reduplication: n̓q̓ʷlq̓ʷlmin example sentences: 1. iʔ st̓xitkʷ ckcqʷus ilíʔ l̓ nk̓ʷl̓cncutn, uł kłlkalát l̓ n̓q̓ʷlmin̓. (There is soup on the stove, and some bread is in the oven.) N̓səl̓xcin̓ 3: An Advanced Course in Colville-Okanagan Salish revised 06/5/17 166

2. xʷʔit iʔ ksk̓ʷl̓cn̓cutət, yʕatmíntm̓nixʷ t n̓q̓ʷlq̓ʷlmin. (We're going to cook a lot, so we're going to need more ovens.) 3. l̓ n̓q̓ʷlmin̓ mi nutn̓tíxʷ iʔ sq̓ʷlam. (Put the roast in the oven.)

12. łəq̓lilxst- put more than one to bed / lay some folks down example sentences: 1. húmaʔ łəq̓lilxst l̓ x̌əx̌n̓ut, ł aspuʔús uł cʕal̓xstxʷəlx. (Please put them to bed by nine, and you can give them a bath if you feel like it.) 2. iʔ l̓ isn̓łq̓ʷútn̓ mi łəq̓lílxstxʷ. (Lay them down̓ on my bed.) 3. ik̓líʔ l̓ aʔ cc̓íl̓aʔxʷ kiʔ łəq̓lílx iʔ st̓mʕal̓t. (Over there in the shade the cows laid down.)

13. n̓piyíls- have fun̓ / be happy reduplication: example sentences: 1. hahúy̓. n̓piyíl̓sx. (Okay. Have fun.) 2. km̓a kʷu səcn̓piyíl̓sx kiʔ kʷu aláʔ. (It's not like we are here having fun.) 3. tałt kiʔ kʷu n̓piyíls. (We had a lot of fun.)

14. ƛ̓w̓an̓t- turn̓ something off / put out fire reduplication: ƛ̓w̓ƛ̓w̓an̓t example sentences: 1. hahúy̓, ƛ̓w̓an̓t ixíʔ iʔ sn̓y̓ay̓áx̌aʔtn̓ uł cxʷúy̓wi ʔałʔíłn̓wi. (Okay, turn̓ off the TV and come and eat.) 2. húmaʔ ƛ̓w̓ƛ̓w̓an̓t iʔ c̓k̓ʷc̓ik̓ʷsxn. (Please turn̓ off the lights.) 3. ha aksƛ̓w̓ám̓ ? (Are you going to turn̓ it off?)

15. p̓uƛ̓m̓- to end reduplication: p̓ƛ̓p̓uƛ̓m̓ example sentences: 1. nax̌m̓ł iʔ lútiʔ t̓p̓uƛ̓ m̓i ʔ scy̓ay̓áx̌aʔtət. (But our movie isn't over yet.) 2. n̓lqiw̓sm̓ uł p̓ƛ̓p̓uƛ̓m̓sts iʔ liplí. ( he pulled weeds until he reached the ends of the corn̓ rows) 3. ʔaʔúm̓s uł p̓uƛ̓m̓sts. (She read it to the end.)

16. n̓łəq̓lxmal̓qstn- pajamas reduplication: łəq̓łəq̓l̓xmálqstn example sentences: 1. cʕacʕál̓xwi uł lʕaʔn̓típ iʔ n̓łəq̓l̓xmál̓qstn̓m̓p. (Take a bath and put on your pajamas.) 2. xʷuʔúsm̓ iʔ łəq̓łəq̓l̓xmálqstn̓s. (She has a variety of pajamas.) 3. t̓iʔ łix in̓łəq̓l̓xmál̓qstn̓. (My pajamas are silky.)

17. n̓ʔam̓títkʷ- sit in water example sentences: 1. hahúy̓, Piyarís k̓l̓ kc̓aʕx̌naʔn̓cútn̓ uł anwí Sapát kʷ n̓ʔam̓títkʷ l̓ aʔ cx̌ʷusəskʷ. (Let's put Piyarís in the N̓səl̓xcin̓ 3: An Advanced Course in Colville-Okanagan Salish revised 06/5/17 167

shower and you can take a bubble bath, Sapát.) 2. xʷuy̓yəl̓x k̓l̓ saʔtítkʷ uł ilíʔ n̓kʷlw̓titkʷəl̓x. (They went to the river and they sat in the water.) 3. l̓ n̓taʔkʷítkʷ mi kʷ n̓ʔam̓títkʷ. (Sit in tepid water.)

18. cx̌ʷusəskʷ- bubbles example sentences: 1. 1. hahúy̓, Piyarís k̓l̓ kc̓aʕx̌naʔn̓cútn̓ uł anwí Sapát kʷ n̓ʔam̓títkʷ l̓ aʔ cx̌ʷusəskʷ. (Let's put Piyarís in the shower and you can take a bubble bath, Sapát.) 2. ła ctik̓t iʔ saʔtítkʷ uł cn̓x̌ʷusəskʷ. (When it's high water time the water foams up.) 3. iʔ scəcm̓álaʔ cx̌stmistəl̓x ła cn̓puxʷsts aʔ cx̌ʷusəs. (The kids like to blow bubbles.)

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17. iʔ łəx̌ʷłəx̌ʷmiłp sʔaʔúm̓s cn̓pʕáłlaʔxʷ pond land n̓x̌ʷíclaʔxʷtn̓ meadow/hay field nr̓nir smooth/slick smy̓may̓ iʔ łəx̌ʷłəx̌ʷmiłp cplal̓ laʔkín̓ hm̓hmúlaʔxʷ. kłəʔam̓ l̓ cəcw̓íxaʔ, cn̓pʕáłlaʔxʷ km̓ l̓ yʕacín̓s iʔ saʔtítkʷ kaʔ cplal̓. iʔ k̓ʷiƛ̓t pond land iʔ łəx̌ʷłəx̌ʷmiłp l̓ aʔ cc̓l̓c̓al̓ km̓ n̓x̌ʷíclaʔxʷtn̓ cplal̓ laʔkín̓ lut taʔlí meadow/hay field sx̌w̓x̌w̓úlaʔxʷs. iʔ łəx̌ʷłəx̌ʷmiłp iʔ packłs qʷn̓qʷin̓, w̓sw̓isxn̓ uł t̓iʔ nr̓nir. iʔ łəx̌ʷłəx̌ʷmiłp cc̓aʔák̓ʷm̓ way̓ł ə qipcm̓ łə p̓y̓aq iʔ smooth/slick sp̓iƛ̓m̓. t̓iʔ pəqpiq iʔ sc̓aʔák̓ʷs. yʕat scaʔáqʷ ksplal̓s mi sic p̓y̓p̓y̓aq iʔ łəx̌ʷłax̌ʷ. iʔ lútiʔ ksp̓y̓aqs uł k̓aʔáym̓mi sic p̓y̓p̓y̓aq. ła ckp̓y̓p̓y̓qʷus t̓iʔ tkʷl̓kʷil̓s km̓ tq̓ʷy̓q̓ʷʕay̓s. cq̓ʷliw̓stm̓i ʔ łəx̌ʷłax̌ʷ uł cx̌w̓stim̓ km̓ cn̓pus uł k̓ʷul̓n̓tm̓ t n̓t̓xitkʷ. sn̓súxʷnaʔ sw̓łtiłn̓ 1. k̓aʔkín̓ kaʔ cplal̓ iʔ łəx̌ʷłəx̌ʷmiłp ? 2. xkinm̓ mi cplal̓ iʔ łəx̌ʷłəx̌ʷmiłp k̓l̓ aʔ cc̓l̓c̓al̓ km̓ n̓x̌ʷíclaʔxʷtn̓ ? 3. c̓kn̓kin̓ iʔ packłs iʔ łəx̌ʷłəx̌ʷmiłp ? 4. pn̓kin̓ kaʔ cc̓aʔák̓ʷm̓ iʔ łəx̌ʷłəx̌ʷmiłp ? 5. c̓kn̓kin̓ iʔ sc̓aʔák̓ʷs iʔ łəx̌ʷłəx̌ʷmiłp ? 6. pn̓kin̓ kaʔ cp̓y̓qʷus iʔ łəx̌ʷłax̌ʷ ? 7. c̓kin̓ t sp̓y̓qałq iʔ łəx̌ʷłax̌ʷ ? 8. əxkistm̓ iʔ łəx̌ʷłax̌ʷ ? an̓cáw̓t sw̓łtiłn̓ 1. ha an̓x̌ást aksxʷstúlaʔxʷ iʔ k̓l̓ hm̓hmúlaʔxʷ ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 2. ha kłəʔam̓l̓ cəcw̓íxaʔ, cn̓pʕáłlaʔxʷ km̓l̓ yʕacín̓s iʔ saʔtítkʷ kiʔ kʷ mut ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut? 3. ha x̌w̓x̌w̓úlaʔxʷ asn̓ilíʔtn̓ ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 4. ha n̓x̌ʷíclaʔxʷtn̓ k̓ík̓aʔt k̓l̓ an̓cítxʷ ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 5. ha nr̓nir an̓q̓ʷx̌ʷqínkstn̓ ? may̓xít. 6. ha iʔ łəx̌ʷłəx̌ʷmiłp k̓ík̓aʔt k̓l̓ an̓cítxʷ kaʔ cplal̓ ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 7. stim̓i ʔ spy̓py̓qałq uł iʔ lútiʔ ksp̓y̓aqs uł k̓aʔáym̓mi sic p̓y̓p̓y̓aq ? may̓xít. 8. ha qʷay̓ cq̓ʷliw̓stxʷ iʔ łəx̌ʷłax̌ʷ ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? may̓xít. 9. ła cq̓ʷliw̓stxʷ iʔ łəx̌ʷlax̌ʷ, əc̓kistxʷ ?

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EX: anwí naʔł Usúl̓: cq̓ʷliw̓stp iʔ łəx̌ʷłax̌ʷ uł cx̌w̓stip km̓cn̓pus uł k̓ʷul̓n̓tp t n̓t̓xitkʷ.

1. in̓cá: nuyápixcn̓:

2. anwí: nuyápixcn̓:

3. X̌sal̓qs: nuyápixcn̓:

4. Sx̌mnatkʷ naʔł sx̌mn̓kaw̓sts: nuyápixcn̓:

B. Future Transitive aksck̓ʷúl̓: change the phrase to a future transitive form for each subject. Follow the model. Translate the new phrase to English. q̓ʷliw̓n̓tm̓i ʔ łəx̌ʷłax̌ʷ uł x̌w̓n̓tim̓k m̓cn̓pus uł k̓ʷul̓n̓tm̓t n̓t̓xitkʷ.

EX: mnim̓łtət / st̓xałq: ksq̓ʷliw̓n̓tm̓i ʔ st̓xałq uł ksx̌w̓n̓tim̓k m̓cn̓pus uł ksk̓ʷul̓n̓tm̓t n̓t̓xitkʷ.

1. in̓cá / síyaʔ: nuyápixcn̓:

2. anwí / tm̓tm̓niʔíp: nuyápixcn̓:

3. X̌sal̓qs / skʷlis: nuyápixcn̓:

4. anwí naʔł ałcəcúps / tq̓im̓tq̓m̓ nuyápixcn̓:

5. Sx̌mnatkʷ naʔł sn̓txʷusts / łʕálaʔ: nuyápixcn̓:

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C. Verb Box aksck̓ʷúl̓: Complete the verb box with the matching tense/aspect. q̓ʷliw̓m̓ / q̓ʷliw̓n̓t in̓cá anwí cniłc mnim̓łtət mnim̓łəm̓p mnim̓łcəl̓x intransitive kn̓q̓ʷliw̓m̓ kʷ q̓ʷliw̓m̓ q̓ʷliw̓m̓ kʷu q̓ʷliw̓m̓ p q̓ʷliw̓m̓ q̓ʷliw̓m̓əl̓x past/present intransitive kn̓ cq̓ʷliw̓m̓ kʷ cq̓ʷliw̓m̓ cq̓ʷliw̓m̓ kʷu cq̓ʷliw̓m̓ p cq̓ʷliw̓m̓ cq̓ʷliw̓m̓əl̓x customary/actual intransitive kn̓ səcq̓ʷliw̓x kʷ səcq̓ʷliw̓x kʷu səcq̓ʷliw̓x p səcq̓ʷliw̓x səcq̓ʷliw̓xəl̓x imperfect səcq̓ʷliw̓x intransitive kn̓ ksq̓ʷlíw̓aʔx kʷ ksq̓ʷlíw̓aʔx kʷu ksq̓ʷlíw̓aʔx p sq̓ʷlíw̓aʔx ksq̓ʷlíw̓aʔxəl̓x future/inceptive sq̓ʷlíw̓aʔx transitive q̓ʷliw̓n̓ q̓ʷliw̓n̓txʷ q̓ʷliw̓s q̓ʷliw̓n̓tm̓ q̓ʷliw̓n̓tp q̓ʷliw̓səl̓x past/present transitive cq̓ʷliw̓stn̓ cq̓ʷliw̓stxʷ cq̓ʷliw̓sts cq̓ʷliw̓stm̓ cq̓ʷliw̓stp cq̓ʷliw̓stsəl̓x customary/actual transitive future iksq̓ʷlíw̓m̓ aksq̓ʷlíw̓m̓ ksq̓ʷliw̓s ksq̓ʷliw̓n̓tm̓ ksq̓ʷliw̓n̓tp ksq̓ʷliw̓səl̓x past perfect iscq̓ʷlíw̓ ascq̓ʷlíw̓ scq̓ʷliw̓s scq̓ʷliw̓tət scq̓ʷliw̓m̓p scq̓ʷliw̓səl̓x future perfect ikscq̓ʷlíw̓ akscq̓ʷlíw̓ kscq̓ʷliw̓s kscq̓ʷliw̓tət kscq̓ʷliw̓m̓p kscq̓ʷliw̓səl̓x

D. sw̓łtiłn̓ aksck̓ʷúl̓: answer the questions with complete sentences according to the prompts. Translate your answer to English.

1. ha kʷ cq̓ʷliw̓m̓t c̓kʷikʷ ? (kiw̓)

2. ha py̓aq ascq̓ʷlíw̓ ? (lut)

3. ha səcq̓ʷliw̓x t sc̓əc̓ris ? (kíwa)

4. ha cq̓ʷliw̓stp iʔ py̓py̓qus ? (kiw̓)

5. ha aksq̓ʷlíw̓m̓ixí ʔ t tkʷəkʷrkʷriʔs ? (iʔ lútiʔ)

6. ha p sq̓ʷlíw̓aʔx t st̓xałq ʕapnáʔ t sx̌l̓x̌ʕal̓t ? (lut)

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E. Past/Present 36 Verb Box aksck̓ʷúl̓: Complete the box with correct transitive verb/object forms k̓ʷul̓łt- make for someone in̓cá anwí cniłc mnim̓łtət mnim̓łəm̓p mnim̓łcəl̓x in̓cá xxx k̓ʷul̓łtsn̓ / k̓ʷul̓łtn̓ xxx k̓ʷul̓łəmn̓ k̓ʷul̓łtn̓əl̓x k̓ʷul̓łtmn̓ anwí kʷuʔ k̓ʷul̓łtxʷ xxx k̓ʷul̓łtxʷ kʷuʔ k̓ʷul̓łtxʷ xxx k̓ʷul̓łtxʷəl̓x cniłc kʷuʔ k̓ʷul̓łts k̓ʷul̓łts / k̓ʷul̓łts kʷuʔ k̓ʷul̓łtm̓ k̓ʷul̓łəm̓s k̓ʷul̓łtsəl̓x k̓ʷul̓łtm̓s mnim̓łtət xxx k̓ʷul̓łtst / k̓ʷul̓łtm̓ xxx k̓ʷul̓łəm̓t k̓ʷul̓łtm̓əl̓x k̓ʷul̓łtm̓t mnim̓łəm̓p kʷuʔ k̓ʷul̓łtp xxx k̓ʷul̓łtp kʷuʔ k̓ʷul̓łtp xxx k̓ʷul̓łtpəl̓x cniłc kʷuʔ k̓ʷul̓łtsəl̓x / k̓ʷul̓łtsəl̓x kʷuʔ k̓ʷul̓łtm̓əl̓x k̓ʷul̓łəm̓səl̓x k̓ʷul̓łtm̓əl̓x k̓ʷul̓łtsəl̓x k̓ʷul̓łtm̓səl̓x

F. sw̓łtiłn̓ aksck̓ʷúl̓: answer the questions with complete sentences according to the prompts. Translate the question and your answer to English.

1. stim̓i ʔ kʷuʔ k̓ʷul̓łtxʷ ? (słək̓ʷałqʷl̓t)

2. ha k̓ʷul̓łtp ixíʔ ? (kiw̓)

3. stim̓i ʔ kʷuʔ k̓ʷul̓łtm̓ Sʕam̓tíc̓aʔ ? (səp̓síp̓iʔxn̓)

4. ha an̓túm̓k̓ʷul̓łtm̓s sic askʷl̓al̓qs ? (lut)

5. swit iʔ k̓ʷul̓łəm̓s iʔ n̓łəxʷłəxʷal̓qstn̓m̓p ? (Xʷstasq̓t)

6. ha cmistíx əs xkinx uł k̓ʷul̓łtst axáʔ ? (kíwa)

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ck̓ʷul̓m̓stm̓i ʔ sʔaʔúm̓s 1. cn̓pʕáłlaʔxʷ- pond land reduplication: cn̓płpʕáłəłlaʔxʷ example sentences: 1. kłəʔam̓l̓ cəcw̓íxaʔ, cn̓pʕáłlaʔxʷ km̓l̓ yʕacín̓s iʔ saʔtítkʷ kaʔ cplal̓. (They will grow near a little creek, a pond or on the bank of a river.) 2. xʷʔis ła cq̓it uł cn̓płpʕáłəłlaʔxʷ. (When there's lots of rain̓ there are lots of puddles.) 3. t̓ik̓tʔ i siw̓łkʷ uł cn̓płpʕáłəłlaʔxʷ. (When it's high water time it creates puddles.)

2. n̓x̌ʷíclaʔxʷtn̓- meadow reduplication: n̓x̌ʷc̓x̌ʷíc̓laʔxʷtn example sentences: 1. iʔ k̓ʷiƛ̓t iʔ łəx̌ʷłəx̌ʷmiłp l̓ aʔ cc̓l̓c̓al̓ km̓n̓x̌ʷícla ʔxʷtn̓ cplal̓ laʔkín̓ lut taʔlí sx̌əw̓x̌əw̓úlaʔxʷs. (Some Chokecherry bushes also grow in the forest or in a meadow, where it is not too dry.) 2. x̌ast ła cn̓płpʕałəłlaʔxʷ iʔ tm̓xʷúlaʔxʷ ixíʔ uł pl̓lúla̓xʷ iʔ n̓x̌ʷc̓x̌ʷíc̓laʔxʷtn. (It's good when it floods the hay fields get wet and grow grass.) 3. sl̓xʷʔúlaʔxʷ an̓x̌ʷíclaʔxʷtn̓. (Your hay field is a big.)

3. nr̓nir- smooth / slick singular: nir example sentences: 1. iʔ łəx̌ʷłəx̌ʷmiłp ʔi packłs qʷn̓qʷin, w̓sw̓isxn̓ uł t̓iʔ nr̓nir. (Chokecherry bushes have long, smooth green̓ leaves.) 2. iʔ p̓isƛ̓aʔt iʔ xƛ̓xƛ̓ut t̓iʔnr̓nir . (Those big rocks are smooth.) 3. t sc̓ʕan̓s iʔ sx̌iƛ̓xn̓s t̓iʔnir iʔ splips. (Her pants are so tight her butt is smooth.)

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18. iʔ ʕ̓ay̓ckst sʔaʔúm̓s tγtγap streams snʕast pounds mspin̓tk four years n̓x̌ʕal̓kʷ clear water n̓taʔpítkʷ dirty water k̓łcaqʷn̓t displace / block smy̓may̓ iʔ ʕ̓ay̓ckst l̓ t̓k̓ʷt̓ik̓ʷt naʔł saʔsaʔtítkʷ kaʔ cilíʔəl̓x. ła cn̓sl̓xʷʔitkʷ iʔ t̓ik̓ʷt uł cp̓sƛ̓aʔtwíl̓xʔ i ʕ̓ay̓ckst. l̓ ʔa ctγtγap iʔ streams ʕ̓ay̓ckst k̓l̓ kaʔłíssn ʕasts iʔ ksnʕasts. iʔ ʕ̓ay̓ckst qʷn̓qʷin̓k m̓ pounds p̓m̓p̓um̓cks əlíc̓aʔ t pəpəqpiq l̓ sək̓ʷsək̓ʷtiw̓sts uł l̓ sn̓k̓mikn̓s. iʔ sqʷl̓cnin̓ks ʔt̓i piq. ła cp̓umnəl̓x iʔ sqʷl̓cnin̓ks kʷaʔkʷaʔáł. ła cƛ̓x̌apʔ i ʕ̓ay̓ckst c̓iłsts ʔi k̓ʷiƛ̓t iʔ qaqxʷl̓x, iʔ miml̓t naʔł iʔ xʷəxʷmínaʔ. pútiʔ łə cəcámaʔt iʔ ʔakʷʔakʷtílx aʔ c̓iłsts. iʔ ʕ̓ay̓ckst k̓l̓ ʔupn̓kst uł ʔasíl̓spin̓tk ʔi ksxʷl̓xʷal̓ts. mspin̓tk uł way four years cp̓umnəl̓x. lut c̓x̌ił t kəkn̓iʔ naʔł n̓ty̓tyix. wy̓sʔaʔúsaʔm̓ uł lut t̓a cƛ̓lal̓ iʔ ʕ̓ay̓ckst. k̓aʔáym̓ kaʔ cp̓umnəl̓x iʔ ʕ̓ay̓ckst laʔkín̓ kiʔ n̓c̓ałt uł n̓x̌ʕal̓kʷ iʔ siw̓łkʷ. cn̓cíqlaʔxʷm̓i ʔ tkəłmilxʷ l̓ scʕasxn̓ l̓ yʕacín̓ uł clear water ilíʔ ʔaʔúsaʔm̓ uł iʔ sql̓tmixʷ ilíʔ kłəq̓l̓xínaʔs iʔ ʔaʔúsaʔs. k̓l̓ mus km̓ cil̓kst x̌iyáłnxʷ mi k̓ʷl̓k̓ʷul̓l̓i ʔ ʔik̓ʷn̓, nax̌m̓ł ilíʔ wkʷwíkʷmiʔst iʔ cəcámaʔt ʕ̓ay̓ckst l̓ xƛ̓xƛ̓ut. laʔkín̓ kaʔ ck̓ʷul̓l̓i ʔ ʕ̓ay̓ckst ilíʔ uł kaʔłl̓spín̓tk km̓ mspin̓tk ksilíʔs. ixíʔ uł ła cʔim̓x, ixíʔ ʔim̓xəl̓x k̓l̓ n̓sl̓xʷʔitkʷ t saʔtítkʷ m̓k síl̓xʷaʔ t̓ik̓ʷt. iʔ sn̓ʕ̓ay̓ckstx taʔxʷskʷíst tl̓ ʕ̓ay̓ckst áłiʔ q̓sq̓sápiʔ taʔlí xʷʔít ilíʔ l̓ sn̓ʕ̓ay̓ckstx tm̓xʷúlaʔxʷ. ʕapnáʔ lut t̓ xʷʔit iʔ ʕ̓ay̓ckst c̓x̌ił t pn̓icíʔ. xʷʔit iʔ st̓ixʷəxʷlm̓s ʔi tm̓xʷúlaʔxʷ. iʔ sqilxʷ təqtqips iʔ saʔtítkʷ uł n̓taʔpítkʷ uł lut ilíʔ ksxʷl̓xʷal̓tsʔ i ʕ̓ay̓ckst. iʔ dirty water xʷəxʷmínaʔ tl̓ sk̓ʷƛ̓ptan̓ cxʷuy̓stm̓ t sqilxʷ k̓l̓ syilx tm̓xʷúlaʔxʷs. ixíʔ uł k̓łcaqʷs iʔ ʕ̓ay̓ckst tl̓ sn̓ilíʔtn̓s. displace

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sn̓súxʷnaʔ sw̓łtiłn̓ 1. k̓aʔkín̓ kaʔ cilíʔ iʔ ʕ̓ay̓ckst ? 2. k̓ʷinx iʔ ksnʕasts iʔ ʕ̓ay̓ckst l̓ aʔ ctɣtɣap ? 3. c̓aknílxʷ iʔ ʕ̓ay̓ckst ? c̓aknílxʷ ła cp̓umnəl̓x ? 4. stim̓ ʔa c̓iłsts ʔi ʕ̓ay̓ckst ła cƛ̓x̌ap ? 5. stim̓ ʔa c̓iłsts ʔi ʕ̓ay̓ckst pútiʔ łə cəcámaʔt ? 6. k̓ʷnxspin̓tk iʔ ʕ̓ay̓ckst ʔi ksxʷl̓xʷal̓ts ? 7. k̓ʷnxspin̓tk iʔ ʕ̓ay̓ckst uł way cp̓umnəl̓x ? 8. c̓kin̓ t̓ixʷlm̓ iʔ ʕ̓ay̓ckst kiʔ tl̓ kəkn̓iʔ naʔł n̓ty̓tyix ? 9. pn̓kin̓ kaʔ cp̓umnəl̓x iʔ ʕ̓ay̓ckst ? 10. k̓aʔkín̓ kaʔ cp̓umnəl̓x iʔ ʕ̓ay̓ckst ? 11. k̓aʔkín̓ kaʔ cn̓cíqlaʔxʷm̓ iʔ tkəłmilxʷ ʕ̓ay̓ckst ? 12. kskłəq̓l̓xínaʔn̓tm̓ t sql̓tmixʷ ʕ̓ay̓ckst ixíʔ uł k̓ʷinx x̌iyáłnxʷ mi k̓ʷl̓k̓ʷul̓l̓ iʔ ʔik̓ʷn̓ ? 13. k̓ʷnxspin̓tk uł iʔ ʕ̓ay̓ckst cʔim̓x k̓l̓ n̓sl̓xʷʔitkʷ t saʔtítkʷ km̓ t̓ik̓ʷt ? 14. səxkinx uł iʔ sn̓ʕ̓ay̓ckstx taxʷskʷíst tl̓ ʕ̓ay̓ckst ? 15. səxkinx uł lut t̓ xʷʔit iʔ ʕ̓ay̓ckstʕ apnáʔ iʔ k̓l̓ ʕ̓sn̓ ay̓ckstx ʔi tm̓xʷúlaʔxʷs ? 16. xkinm̓ uł iʔ sqilxʷ təqtqips iʔ saʔsaʔtítkʷ ? 17. stim̓ ʔi xʷuy̓stm̓ tl̓ sk̓ʷƛ̓ptan̓ t sqilxʷ ? 18. əxkistm̓ ʔi ʕ̓ay̓ckst t xʷəxʷmínaʔ tl̓ sk̓ʷƛ̓ptan̓ ? an̓cáw̓t sw̓łtiłn̓ 1. l̓ scaʔáqʷ, ha kʷ cxʷuy̓ k̓l̓ t̓k̓ʷt̓ik̓ʷt naʔł saʔsaʔtítkʷ ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 2. ha kʷ ckłqaqxʷl̓xm̓ t ʕ̓ay̓ckst ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 3. k̓ʷinx asnʕást ʕapnáʔ ? k̓ʷinx asnʕást kʷ łə k̓ʷul̓l̓ ? 4. kʷ ła cłəq̓ilx l̓ skʷəkʷl̓al kʷ kłtm̓alxʷ, ha asqʷl̓cnín̓k ckʷaʔkʷaʔáł km̓p̓um̓ twílx ? may̓xít. 5. ha c̓iłstxʷ iʔ qaqxʷl̓x ? iʔ miml̓t naʔł iʔ xʷəxʷmínaʔ ? may̓xít. 6. ha kʷ musl̓s wisxn̓ aksxʷl̓xʷál̓t ?səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 7. k̓ik̓aʔt k̓l̓ asn̓ilíʔtn̓, stim̓i ʔ t̓ik̓ʷt n̓c̓ałt uł n̓x̌ʕal̓kʷ iʔ siw̓łkʷs ? may̓xít. 8. ha kʷ cmut laʔkín̓ kiʔ kʷ k̓ʷul̓l̓ ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 9. ha kʷ ʔimx t snəqspín̓tk ? k̓l̓ k̓aʔkín̓ ? səxkinx ? səxkinx uł lut ? 10. tl̓ k̓aʔkín̓ kʷ taʔxʷskʷíst ? may̓xít. skłʔiy̓sm̓ t x̌ilm̓s ʔaʔúm̓s A. Point of View Excercise aksck̓ʷúl̓: change the phrase for each new subject, maintaining the same tense. Follow the model. Translate the new phrase to English. ilíʔ wkʷwíkʷmiʔst iʔ cəcámaʔt ʕ̓ay̓ckst.

EX: Susáp: ilíʔ wíkʷmiʔst Susáp.

1. in̓cá: nuyápixcn̓:

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2. anwí: nuyápixcn̓:

3. in̓cá naʔł Sasʕsál̓qs: nuyápixcn̓:

4. anwí naʔł aspuʔsxʔítx: nuyápixcn̓:

B. Future Transitive aksck̓ʷúl̓: change the phrase for each subject. Follow the model. Translate the new phrase to English. ixíʔ uł k̓łcaqʷs tl̓ sn̓ilíʔtn̓s.

EX: anwí naʔł Páy̓ta / citxʷ: ixíʔ uł k̓łcaqʷn̓tp tl̓ citxʷs.

1. in̓cá / cn̓łəx̌ʷin̓k: nuyápixcn̓:

2. anwí / słəx̌ʷiłxʷ: nuyápixcn̓:

3. in̓cá naʔł isn̓q̓ʷíc̓tn̓ / n̓xʷuytn̓: nuyápixcn̓:

4. Prasát naʔł sn̓k̓ʷłmrim̓s / xwił: nuyápixcn̓:

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C. Verb Box aksck̓ʷúl̓: Complete the verb box with the matching tense/aspect. k̓łcaqʷm̓ / k̓łcaqʷn̓t- block/head off in̓cá anwí cniłc mnim̓łtət mnim̓łəm̓p mnim̓łcəl̓x intransitive kn̓ k̓łcaqʷm̓ kʷ k̓łcaqʷm̓ k̓łcaqʷm̓ kʷu k̓łcaqʷm̓ p k̓łcaqʷm̓ k̓łcaqʷməl̓x past/present intransitive kn̓ ck̓łcaqʷm̓ kʷ ck̓łcaqʷm̓ kʷu ck̓łcaqʷm̓ p ck̓łcaqʷm̓ ck̓łcaqʷməl̓x customary/actual ck̓łcaqʷm̓ intransitive kn̓ kʷ səck̓łcaqʷx kʷu səck̓łcaqʷx p səck̓łcaqʷx səck̓łcaqʷxəl̓x imperfect səck̓łcaqʷx səck̓łcaqʷx intransitive kn̓ kʷ ksk̓łcáqʷaʔx kʷu p sk̓łcáqʷaʔx ksk̓łcáqʷaʔx- future/inceptive ksk̓łcáqʷaʔx sk̓łcáqʷaʔx ksk̓łcáqʷaʔx əl̓x intransitive affirm. xxx k̓łcaqʷx xxx kʷu sk̓łcaqʷx k̓łcáqʷi xxx commands transitive k̓łcaqʷn̓ k̓łcaqʷn̓txʷ k̓łcaqʷs k̓łcaqʷn̓tm̓ k̓łcaqʷn̓tp k̓łcaqʷsəl̓x past/present transitive ck̓łcaqʷstn̓ ck̓łcaqʷstxʷ ck̓łcaqʷsts ck̓łcaqʷstm̓ ck̓łcaqʷstp ck̓łcaqʷstsəl̓x customary/actual transitive future iksk̓łcaqʷm̓ aksk̓łcaqʷm̓ ksk̓łcaqʷs ksk̓łcaqʷn̓tm̓ ksk̓łcaqʷn̓tp ksk̓łcaqʷsəl̓x transitive affirm. xxx k̓łcaqʷn̓t xxx ksk̓łcaqʷn̓tm̓ k̓łcaqʷn̓tp / xxx commands k̓łcáqʷn̓ti past perfect isck̓łcáqʷ asck̓łcáqʷ iʔ sck̓łcaqʷs iʔ sck̓łcaqʷtət iʔ sck̓łcaqʷm̓p iʔ sck̓łcaqʷsəl̓x future perfect iksck̓łcáqʷ aksck̓łcáqʷ iʔ iʔ ksck̓łcaqʷtət iʔ ksck̓łcaqʷm̓p iʔ ksck̓łcaqʷs ksck̓łcaqʷsəl̓x

D. sw̓łtiłn̓ aksck̓ʷúl̓: answer the questions with complete sentences according to the prompts. Translate the question and your answer to English.

1. stim̓ asck̓łcáqʷ ? (iʔ k̓ʷiƛ̓t)

2. ha kʷ səck̓łcaqʷx t an̓xmín̓ ? (kiw̓)

3. ha p sk̓łcáqʷaʔx iʔ t k̓ʷiƛ̓t iʔ sql̓ql̓tmixʷ ? (lut)

4. ha k̓łcaqʷn̓txʷ iʔ x̌aʔx̌ʔúlaʔx tl̓ sn̓ilíʔtn̓s ? (kíwa)

5. ha iʔ sqilxʷ ck̓łcaqʷsts iʔ tmixʷ tl̓ sn̓ilíʔtn̓səl̓x ? (niʕ̓áy̓p)

6. ha kʷuʔ aksk̓łcáqʷm̓ tl̓ sn̓ilíʔtn̓tət ? (lut)

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E. Future 36 Verb Box aksck̓ʷúl̓: Complete the box with correct transitive verb/object forms ksxʷuy̓st- take someone somewhere in̓cá anwí cniłc mnim̓łtət mnim̓łəm̓p mnim̓łcəl̓x in̓cá xxx kʷ iksxʷúy̓stm̓ xxx p iksxʷúy̓stm̓ iksxʷúy̓stm̓əl̓x iksxʷúy̓stm̓ anwí kʷuʔ xxx aksxʷúy̓stm̓ kʷuʔ xxx aksxʷúy̓stm̓- aksxʷúy̓stm̓ aksxʷúy̓stm̓ əl̓x cniłc kʷuʔ ksxʷuy̓stm̓s ksxʷuy̓sts kʷuʔ ksxʷuy̓stm ksxʷuy̓łəm̓s ksxʷuy̓stsəl̓x ksxʷuy̓sts mnim̓łtət xxx ksxʷuy̓stm̓t ksxʷuy̓stm xxx ksxʷuy̓łəm̓t ksxʷuy̓stməl̓x mnim̓łəm̓p kʷuʔ xxx ksxʷuy̓stp kʷuʔ ksxʷuy̓stp xxx ksxʷuy̓stpəl̓x ksxʷuy̓stp cniłc kʷuʔ ksxʷuy̓stm̓s- ksxʷuy̓stsəl̓x kʷuʔ ksxʷuy̓łəm̓səl̓x ksxʷuy̓stməl̓x ksxʷuy̓stsəl̓x əl̓x ksxʷuy̓stməl̓x

F. sw̓łtiłn̓ aksck̓ʷúl̓: answer the questions with complete sentences according to the prompts. Translate the question and your answer to English.

1. swit ksxʷuy̓stm̓s ilíʔ ? (slax̌t)

2. swit kʷuʔ ksxʷuy̓stm̓ k̓l̓ saʔtítkʷ in̓cá naʔł Pit ? (Qʷlm̓tal̓qs)

3. uc kʷ iksxʷúy̓stm̓ k̓ an̓cítxʷ ? (kiw̓)

4. uc kʷuʔ aksxʷúy̓stm̓ k̓l̓ citxʷtət ? (lut)

5. uc ksxʷuy̓stm̓t k̓ an̓cítxʷ ? (kíwa)

6. swit ksxʷuy̓łəm̓s k̓l̓ n̓k̓ʷul̓mnm̓p ? (Prasát)

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ck̓ʷul̓m̓stm̓i ʔ sʔaʔúm̓s 1. tγap- stream̓ / flow of liquid reduplication: tγtγap example sentences: 1. l̓ aʔ ctγtγap iʔ ʕ̓ay̓ckst k̓l̓ kaʔłís pawnts iʔ ksnʕasts. (In streams, bull trout usually weigh about three pounds.) 2. ƛ̓x̌itkʷ ła ctɣap iʔ siw̓łkʷ. (The water is running fast.) 3. t̓ik̓t ułct ɣtɣap iʔ siwłkʷ. (When it's high water the water runs everywhere.)

2. snʕasts- pounds reduplication: snəsnʕasts example sentences: 1. l̓ aʔ ctγtγap iʔ ʕ̓ay̓ckst k̓l̓ kaʔłís snʕasts iʔ ksnʕasts. (In streams, bull trout usually weigh about three pounds.) 2. k̓ʷinx snʕasts t skʷəkʷiw̓ iksckʷín̓ ? (How many pounds of tomatos am̓I going to get?) 3. mat k̓l̓ kaʔłís x̌cəcíkst snʕasts iʔ snʕasts in̓náx̌nx̌ʷ. (My wife must be three hunded pounds.)

3. n̓x̌ʕal̓kʷ- clear water example sentences: 1. k̓aʔáym̓ka ʔ cp̓umnəlx iʔ ʕ̓ay̓ckstx laʔkín̓ kiʔ n̓c̓ałt uł n̓x̌ʕal̓kʷ iʔ siw̓łkʷ. (Bull trout spawn̓ in the fall in streams where the water is cold and clean. 2. t sn̓x̌sitkʷs iʔ cəcw̓íxaʔ t̓iʔ n̓x̌ʕal̓kʷ. (The creek water is so good and clear.) 3. cm̓sw̓aw mi sic n̓x̌l̓pal̓kʷ. (When the water goes down̓ then the water will clear up.)

4. mspin̓tk- four years example sentences: 1. laʔkín̓ kaʔ ck̓ʷul̓l̓ iʔ ʕ̓ay̓ckst ilíʔ uł kaʔłl̓spín̓tk km̓mspin̓tk ksilíʔs. (The bull trout stay in the stream̓ where they are born̓ for three or four years.) 2. mspin̓tk isəcmrím. (I've been̓ married for four years.) 3. mspin̓tk isn̓ʔímaʔt uł k̓aw̓sq̓y̓ám̓k̓l̓ sn̓mam̓áy̓aʔtn̓. (My grandchild will be four years old and he will go to school.)

5. n̓taʔpítkʷ- dirty water reduplication: n̓taʔtaʔpítkʷ example sentences: 1. iʔ sqilxʷ tqtqips iʔ saʔtítkʷ uł n̓taʔpítkʷ uł lut ilíʔ ksxʷəlxʷalts iʔ ʕ̓ay̓ckst. (People dammed the rivers and made the water dirty, so bull trout can't survive.) 2. iʔ st̓maʕl̓t np̓c̓ʕatkʷs iʔ cw̓cw̓íxaʔ uł n̓taʔtaʔpítkʷ. (The cattle poop in the creeks and get the water dirty.) 3. tałt kiʔ n̓taʔpítkʷ an̓cʕál̓xtn. (Your bath water is very dirty.)

6. k̓łcaqʷn̓t- displace / block / head off N̓səl̓xcin̓ 3: An Advanced Course in Colville-Okanagan Salish revised 06/5/17 179

reduplication: k̓łcacáqʷn̓t example sentences: 1. ixíʔ uł k̓łcaqʷs iʔ ʕ̓ay̓ckst tl̓ sn̓ilíʔtn̓s. (They have displaced the bull trout from their home.) 2. kswits k̓łcacáqʷs iʔ kwaps uł til̓xʷs. (He tried to head off his horse but he failed.) 3. k̓łcaqʷn̓t iʔ p̓uy̓xn̓ ! ilíʔ n̓ʔamút isx̌mn̓káwaʔ. (Head that car off! My sweetheart is in there.)

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