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Trade and Change on the Columbia Plateau 1750-1840 Columbia Magazine, Winter 1996-97: Vol
Trade and Change on the Columbia Plateau 1750-1840 Columbia Magazine, Winter 1996-97: Vol. 10, No. 4 By Laura Peers Early Europeans saw the Columbia Plateau as a walled fortress, isolated and virtually impossible to penetrate through the Rocky Mountain and Cascade ranges that formed its outer defenses. Fur traders and missionaries saw it as a last frontier, virgin and unspoiled. But this was an outsider's view. To the native people of the region, the Plateau was the center of the world, linked to the four corners of the continent by well-worn paths and a dense social and economic network. In fact, the Plateau was a crossroads for trade, one that became increasingly busy between 1750 and 1850. During this pivotal century, the quickening pace of trade became an uncontrolled torrent, a flash flood of new goods, new ideas and new diseases, an explosion of change, sometimes beneficial and sometimes deadly. By the late prehistoric era there were two major trade centers on the Plateau: at The Dalles, on the middle Columbia River, and at Kettle Falls, several hundred miles away on the upper Columbia. Members of tribes from across the Plateau and from the West Coast to the Missouri River converged on these sites every year. An astonishing quantity and variety of goods were exchanged at these sites, including dried fish from the Columbia; baskets, woven bags and wild hemp for fishnets from the Plateau region; shells, whale and seal oil and bone from the West Coast; pipestone, bison robes and feather headdresses from the Plains; and nuts and roots from as far away as California. -
DOCUMENTS Journal of Occurrences at Nisqually House, 1833
DOCUMENTS Journal of Occurrences at Nisqually House, 1833 INTRODUCTION F art Nisqually was the first permanent settlement of white men on Puget Sound. Fort Vancouver had been headquarters since 1825 and Fort Langley was founded near the mouth of the Fraser river in 1827. Fort N isqually was, therefore, a station which served to link these two together. While the primary object of the Hudson's Bay Company was to collect furs, nevertheless, the great needs of their own trappers, and the needs of Russian America (Alaska), and the Hawaiian Islands and other places for foodstuffs, caused that Company to seriously think of entering into an agricultural form of enterprise. But certain of the directors were not in favor of having the Company branch out into other lines, so a subsidiary company, the Puget Sound Agricultural Company, was formed in 1838 for the purpose of taking advantage of the agri cultural opportunities of the Pacific. This company was financed and officered by members of the Hudson's Bay Company. From that time Fort Nisqually became more an agricultural enterprise than a fur-trad ing post. The Treaty of 1846, by which the United States received the sovereignty of the country to the south of the forty-ninth parallel of north latitude, promised the Hudson's Bay Company and the Puget Sound Agricultural Company that their possessions in that section would be respected. The antagonism of incoming settlers who coveted the fine lands aggravated the situation. Dr. William Fraser T olmie, as Super intendent of the Puget Sound Agricultural Company, remained in charge until 1859, when he removed to Victoria, and Edward Huggins, a clerk, was left as custodian at Nisqually. -
A Historical and Archaeological Study of the Nineteenth Century
Portland State University PDXScholar Dissertations and Theses Dissertations and Theses Summer 1-1-2012 A Historical and Archaeological Study of the Nineteenth Century Hudson's Bay Company Garden at Fort Vancouver: Focusing on Archaeological Field Methods and Microbotanical Analysis Elaine C. Dorset Portland State University Let us know how access to this document benefits ouy . Follow this and additional works at: http://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds Part of the Biological and Physical Anthropology Commons, Inequality and Stratification Commons, and the Social and Cultural Anthropology Commons Recommended Citation Dorset, Elaine C., "A Historical and Archaeological Study of the Nineteenth Century Hudson's Bay Company Garden at Fort Vancouver: Focusing on Archaeological Field Methods and Microbotanical Analysis" (2012). Dissertations and Theses. Paper 869. 10.15760/etd.869 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A Historical and Archaeological Study of the Nineteenth Century Hudson’s Bay Company Garden at Fort Vancouver: Focusing on Archaeological Field Methods and Microbotanical Analysis by Elaine C. Dorset A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Anthropology Thesis Committee: Kenneth M. Ames, Chair Douglas C. Wilson Virginia L. Butler Portland State University ©2012 ABSTRACT The Hudson’s Bay Company (HBC), a British fur-trading enterprise, created a large garden at Fort Vancouver, now in southwest Washington, in the early- to mid-19th century. This fort was the administrative headquarters for the HBC’s activities in western North America. -
Lt. Aemilius Simpson's Survey from York Factory to Fort Vancouver, 1826
The Journal of the Hakluyt Society August 2014 Lt. Aemilius Simpson’s Survey from York Factory to Fort Vancouver, 1826 Edited by William Barr1 and Larry Green CONTENTS PREFACE The journal 2 Editorial practices 3 INTRODUCTION The man, the project, its background and its implementation 4 JOURNAL OF A VOYAGE ACROSS THE CONTINENT OF NORTH AMERICA IN 1826 York Factory to Norway House 11 Norway House to Carlton House 19 Carlton House to Fort Edmonton 27 Fort Edmonton to Boat Encampment, Columbia River 42 Boat Encampment to Fort Vancouver 62 AFTERWORD Aemilius Simpson and the Northwest coast 1826–1831 81 APPENDIX I Biographical sketches 90 APPENDIX II Table of distances in statute miles from York Factory 100 BIBLIOGRAPHY 101 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Fig. 1. George Simpson, 1857 3 Fig. 2. York Factory 1853 4 Fig. 3. Artist’s impression of George Simpson, approaching a post in his personal North canoe 5 Fig. 4. Fort Vancouver ca.1854 78 LIST OF MAPS Map 1. York Factory to the Forks of the Saskatchewan River 7 Map 2. Carlton House to Boat Encampment 27 Map 3. Jasper to Fort Vancouver 65 1 Senior Research Associate, Arctic Institute of North America, University of Calgary, Calgary AB T2N 1N4 Canada. 2 PREFACE The Journal The journal presented here2 is transcribed from the original manuscript written in Aemilius Simpson’s hand. It is fifty folios in length in a bound volume of ninety folios, the final forty folios being blank. Each page measures 12.8 inches by seven inches and is lined with thirty- five faint, horizontal blue-grey lines. -
Kettle Falls, a Reader 1 S Commentary on a Site On
• WASHINGTON ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY, p 0 Box 84, UNIVERSITY STATION, SEATTLE 98/05 NEWSLETTER Volume XIV, Number 1 APRIL, 1970 • CONTENTS: KETTLE FALLS, A READER 1 S COMMENTARY ON A SITE ON THE COLUMBIA RIVER••o•o••o•o••••••••••o••••••••Don Miles THE SALVAGE OF EXPOSED CULTURAL MATERIAL AND A BISON MOLAR FROM CHINA BEND.o •• as related by Pauline Crane THE CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS OF THE WASHINGTON STATE •• ARCHAEOLOGICAL COUNCIL -1- This issue of the ARCHAEOLOGIST concentrates on the northeast part of the State of Washington, particularly on the region around K,ettle Fa.lls and the Colville River Valley. KETTLE FALLS, A READER'S COMMENTARY ON A SITE ON THE COLUMBIA RIVER by Don Miles is a plea for consequent action during the next low-water period of the Columbia . }>ehind Grand Coulee Dam. This will probably take place in 1973. May -was a lost .. opportunity for archaeology since only the relic hunters and collectors came in numbers. Archaeologists visiting the site seem to have produced little; certainly no excavatiou of even a salvage nature was done. Being under the jurisdiction of -the Federal Government through the National Parks Division, Lake Roosevelt is out of•bounds for any but authorized persons to excavate. The status of surface collectors is unclear, but -usually in t he absence· of authority collectors tend to do as they please. The responsibility of investigating and reclaiming any archae ological material rests with the govenment or ·its agent. In the absence of any action the crisis between the professional and the amateur persists. The emergency nature of the 1973 exposure of old sites demands planning, action, and the coopera tion of professional and amateur in reclaiming as much as possible from important sites along the Upper Columbia. -
Interpretation and Conclusions
"LIKE NUGGETS FROM A GOLD MINEu SEARCHING FOR BRICKS AND THEIR MAKERS IN 'THE OREGON COUNTRY' B~f' Kmtm (1 COfwer~ ;\ th¢...i, ...uhmineJ Ilt SOIl(mla Slale UFU vcr,il y 11'1 partial fulfiUlT'Ietlt of the fCqlJln:mcntfi for the dcgr~ of MASTER OF ARTS tn Copyright 2011 by Kristin O. Converse ii AUTHORlZAnON FOR REPRODUCnON OF MASTER'S THESISIPROJECT 1pM' pernlt"j(m I~ n:pnll.lm.:til.m of Ihi$ rhais in ib endrel)" \Ii' !tbout runt\er uuthorilAtlOO fn.)m me. on the condiHt)Jllhat the per",)f1 Of a,eocy rl;!'(lucMing reproduction the "'OS$. and 1:Jf't)vi~ proper ackruJwkd,rnem nf auth.:If'l'htp. III “LIKE NUGGETS FROM A GOLD MINE” SEARCHING FOR BRICKS AND THEIR MAKERS IN „THE OREGON COUNTRY‟ Thesis by Kristin O. Converse ABSTRACT Purpose of the Study: The history of the Pacific Northwest has favored large, extractive and national industries such as the fur trade, mining, lumbering, fishing and farming over smaller pioneer enterprises. This multi-disciplinary study attempts to address that oversight by focusing on the early brickmakers in „the Oregon Country‟. Using a combination of archaeometry and historical research, this study attempts to make use of a humble and under- appreciated artifact – brick – to flesh out the forgotten details of the emergence of the brick industry, its role in the shifting local economy, as well as its producers and their economic strategies. Procedure: Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis was performed on 89 red, common bricks archaeologically recovered from Fort Vancouver and 113 comparative samples in an attempt to „source‟ the brick. -
Avondale Project
Avondale Project Tina Marie Bell Bureau of Reclamation 1996 Table of Contents Avondale Project ..............................................................2 Project Location.........................................................2 Historic Setting .........................................................2 Project Authorization.....................................................5 Construction History .....................................................6 Post-Construction History.................................................7 Settlement of Project Lands ...............................................10 Project Benefits and Uses of Project Water...................................10 Conclusion............................................................11 Bibliography ................................................................12 Archival Collections ....................................................12 Government Documents .................................................12 Books ................................................................12 Index ................................................................13 1 Avondale Project The Avondale Project was developed privately in the early 1900s to bring irrigation water to approximately 860 acres of land in northern Idaho. Reclamation stepped in to help rehabilitate and improve this irrigation system in the mid-1950s , and again in the early 1960s in order to provide local water users with a stable supply of irrigation and domestic water.1 Project Location The Avondale Project -
Okanagan Water Systems: an Historical Retrospect of Control, Domination and Change
OKANAGAN WATER SYSTEMS: AN HISTORICAL RETROSPECT OF CONTROL, DOMINATION AND CHANGE by MARLOWE SAM B.A., The University of British Columbia - Okanagan, 2006 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS in THE COLLEGE OF GRADUATE STUDIES (Interdisciplinary Studies) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Okanagan) September 2008 © Marlowe Sam, 2008 Abstract In this study, I examine the history of colonial control, domination, and change that began in the Interior Plateau region of British Columbia in 1811 when interaction between the Syilx (Okanagan) and European explorers first occurred. I focus on water use practices in particular, employing an indigenous Syilx approach (En’owkinwixw) in order to display the negative impacts of colonial policies on the Syilx and their environment. The En’owkinwixw methodology, which calls for the incorporation of multiple perspectives, is thousands of years old, but has been modified here from its original consensus-based decision-making process. The manner in which the U.S. government developed resource and water management policies in America’s arid Far West directly influenced the models that were later adopted by British Columbia and Canada. U.S. Supreme Court decisions along with a number of international treaties and trade agreements between the United States and Canada have also compromised the ability of the Syilx to maintain a sustainable and harmonious relationship with their environment. Depression era policies in the United States led to the implementation of large-scale projects such as the damming of the Columbia River that had further negative consequences on the environment of the Interior Plateau. -
Cannon Streetcar Suburb District Nomination
DRAFT 07-21-2020 Spokane Register of Historic Places Nomination Spokane City/County Historic Preservation Office, City Hall, Third Floor 808 Spokane Falls Boulevard, Spokane, Washington 99201-3337 1. Name of Property Historic Name: Cannon’s Addition And/Or Common Name: Cannon Streetcar Suburb Historic District 2. Location Street & Number: Various City, State, Zip Code: Spokane, WA 99204 Parcel Number: Various 3. Classification Category Ownership Status Present Use ☐building ☐public ☒both ☒occupied ☐agricultural ☐museum ☐site ☐private ☐work in progress ☒commercial ☐park ☐structure ☐educational ☒residential ☐object Public Acquisition Accessible ☐entertainment ☐religious ☒district ☐in process ☐yes, restricted ☐government ☐scientific ☐being considered ☒yes, unrestricted ☐industrial ☐transportation ☐no ☐military ☒other 4. Owner of Property Name: Various Street & Number: n/a City, State, Zip Code: n/a Telephone Number/E-mail: n/a 5. Location of Legal Description Courthouse, Registry of Deeds Spokane County Courthouse Street Number: 1116 West Broadway City, State, Zip Code: Spokane, WA 99260 County: Spokane 6. Representation in Existing Surveys Title: Ninth Avenue National Register Historic District Date: Enter survey date if applicable ☒Federal ☐State ☐County ☐Local Depository for Survey Records: Spokane Historic Preservation Office 7. Description Architectural Classification Condition Check One ☐excellent ☐unaltered ☒good ☒altered ☐fair ☐deteriorated Check One ☐ruins ☒original site ☐unexposed ☐moved & date ______________ Narrative statement of description is found on one or more continuation sheets. 8. Spokane Register Categories and Statement of Significance Applicable Spokane Register of Historic Places category: Mark “x” on one or more for the categories that qualify the property for the Spokane Register listing: ☒A Property is associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of Spokane history. -
Okanagan Nation Alliance and Colville Confederated Tribes Meet
PRSRT STD • U.S. Postage Paid Nespelem, WA 99155 • Permit No. 2 VOLUME 35, NUMBER. 5 May Edition June 9, 2009 Okanagan Nation Alliance and Colville INSIDE Confederated Tribes Meet in Unity and Council Corner ................ 2 Community News ..8, 9, 10 Candidate Forum ........ 3, 4 Tribal Voices ..................12 Tribal News...................... 5 Employee Travel ......13, 14 Political Solidarity Resources ........................ 6 Resolution Index ............15 W E S T B A N K , B R I T I S H C O L U M B I A / O M A K , Colville Tribes to Open WASHINGTON: A ‘Historic Gathering of Nations’ was held at the Omak Longhouse on the Colville Community Technology Indian Reservation in Washington State on May 12, 2009. Center The celebration signified the unbroken ties between the tribes of Nespelem, Wa. May 18, 2009. ongoing trainings as new technology the Okanagan Nation Alliance and In effort to further bridge the digital applications are introduced. In the Colville Confederated Tribes. divide, the Confederated Tribes of addition, local residents will also Elders and political leaders called for the Colville Reservation will soon have access to a Tribal portal that among Indigenous peoples on either open a Community Technology will include: side of the ter-national border. Center in downtown Nespelem, • A calendar of events, a classiied Grand Chief Stewart Phillip, Washington. Made possible through advertising page, and online a successful USDA Rural Utility community news Chairman of the Okanagan Nation Service Broadband Grant, residents • Provide access to frequently the gathering, “I am deeply moved and community service providers used governmental forms, housing and greatly humbled by the fact will now have access to not only information, job applications, that we are gathered here today to, high-speed internet, but also a state- announcements, and Council meeting on behalf of our grandchildren and of-the-art community technology minutes. -
Currents and Undercurrents: an Administrative History of Lake Roosevelt National Recreation Area
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 476 001 SO 034 781 AUTHOR McKay, Kathryn L.; Renk, Nancy F. TITLE Currents and Undercurrents: An Administrative History of Lake Roosevelt National Recreation Area. INSTITUTION National Park Service (Dept. of Interior), Washington, DC. PUB DATE 2002-01-00 NOTE 589p. AVAILABLE FROM Lake Roosevelt Recreation Area, 1008 Crest Drive, Coulee Dam, WA 99116. Tel: 509-633-9441; Fax: 509-633-9332; Web site: http://www.nps.gov/ laro/adhi/adhi.htm. PUB TYPE Books (010) Historical Materials (060) Reports Descriptive (141) EDRS PRICE EDRS Price MF03/PC24 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS --- *Government Role; Higher Education; *Land Use; *Parks; Physical Geography; *Recreational Facilities; Rivers; Social Studies; United States History IDENTIFIERS Cultural Resources; Management Practices; National Park Service; Reservoirs ABSTRACT The 1,259-mile Columbia River flows out of Canada andacross eastern Washington state, forming the border between Washington andOregon. In 1941 the federal government dammed the Columbia River at the north endof Grand Coulee, creating a man-made reservoir named Lake Roosevelt that inundated homes, farms, and businesses, and disrupted the lives ofmany. Although Congress never enacted specific authorization to createa park, it passed generic legislation that gave the Park Service authorityat the National Recreation Area (NRA). Lake Roosevelt's shoreline totalsmore than 500 miles of cliffs and gentle slopes. The Lake Roosevelt NationalRecreation Area (LARO) was officially created in 1946. This historical study documents -
Desautel (Sinixt)
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF BRITISH COLUMBIA Citation: R. v. Desautel, 2017 BCSC 2389 Date: 20171228 Docket: 23646 Registry: Nelson Between: Regina Appellant And Richard Lee Desautel Respondent And Okanagan Nation Alliance Intervenor On appeal from: Provincial Court of British Columbia, March 27, 2017 R. v. DeSautel, 2017 BCPC 84, Nelson Registry No. 23646 Before: The Honourable Mr. Justice Sewell Reasons for Judgment Counsel for the Appellant: G. Thompson H. Cochran Counsel for the Respondent: M. Underhill K. Phipps Counsel for the Intervenor: R. Kyle Place and Date of Trial/Hearing: Nelson, B.C. September 6-8, 2017 Place and Date of Judgment: Nelson, B.C. December 28, 2017 R. v. Desautel Page 2 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 3 Position of the Parties ............................................................................................. 4 Background .............................................................................................................. 4 Grounds of Appeal ................................................................................................... 6 Are the Sinixt an aboriginal people of Canada ...................................................... 7 What is the Relevant Aboriginal Collective? ....................................................... 10 The Intervenor’s Submissions .............................................................................. 12 Discussion of Crown’s Submissions ..................................................................