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Ethnohistory of the Kootenai Indians
University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 1983 Ethnohistory of the Kootenai Indians Cynthia J. Manning The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Manning, Cynthia J., "Ethnohistory of the Kootenai Indians" (1983). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 5855. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/5855 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. COPYRIGHT ACT OF 1976 Th is is an unpublished m a n u s c r ip t in w h ic h c o p y r ig h t su b s i s t s . Any further r e p r in t in g of it s c o n ten ts must be a ppro ved BY THE AUTHOR. MANSFIELD L ib r a r y Un iv e r s it y of Montana D a te : 1 9 8 3 AN ETHNOHISTORY OF THE KOOTENAI INDIANS By Cynthia J. Manning B.A., University of Pittsburgh, 1978 Presented in partial fu lfillm en t of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts UNIVERSITY OF MONTANA 1983 Approved by: Chair, Board of Examiners Fan, Graduate Sch __________^ ^ c Z 3 ^ ^ 3 Date UMI Number: EP36656 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. -
Archaeological Investigations at Site 35Ti90, Tillamook, Oregon
DRAFT ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS AT SITE 35TI90, TILLAMOOK, OREGON By: Bill R. Roulette, M.A., RPA, Thomas E. Becker, M.A., RPA, Lucille E. Harris, M.A., and Erica D. McCormick, M.Sc. With contributions by: Krey N. Easton and Frederick C. Anderson, M.A. February 3, 2012 APPLIED ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH, INC., REPORT NO. 686 Findings: + (35TI90) County: Tillamook T/R/S: Section 25, T1S, R10W, WM Quad/Date: Tillamook, OR (1985) Project Type: Site Damage Assessment, Testing, Data Recovery, Monitoring New Prehistoric 0 Historic 0 Isolate 0 Archaeological Permit Nos.: AP-964, -1055, -1191 Curation Location: Oregon State Museum of Natural and Cultural History under Accession Number 1739 DRAFT ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS AT SITE 35TI90, TILLAMOOK, OREGON By: Bill R. Roulette, M.A., RPA, Thomas E. Becker, M.A., RPA, Lucille E. Harris, M.A., and Erica D. McCormick, M.Sc. With contributions by: Krey N. Easton and Frederick C. Anderson, M.A. Prepared for Kennedy/Jenks Consultants Portland, OR 97201 February 3, 2012 APPLIED ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH, INC., REPORT NO. 686 Archaeological Investigations at Site 35TI90, Tillamook, Oregon ABSTRACT Between April 2007 and October 2009, Applied Archaeological Research, Inc. (AAR) conducted multiple phases of archaeological investigations at the part of site 35TI90 located in the area of potential effects related to the city of Tillamook’s upgrade and expansion of its wastewater treatment plant (TWTP) located along the Trask River at the western edge of the city. Archaeological investigations described in this report include evaluative test excavations, a site damage assessment, three rounds of data recovery, investigations related to an inadvertent discovery, and archaeological monitoring. -
Dr. Brett R. Lenz
COLONIZER GEOARCHAEOLOGY OF THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST REGION A Dissertation DR. BRETT R. LENZ COLONIZER GEOARCHAEOLOGY OF THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST REGION, NORTH AMERICA Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Leicester By Brett Reinhold Lenz Department of Archaeology and Ancient History University of Leicester June 2011 1 DEDICATION This work is dedicated to Garreck, Haydn and Carver. And to Hank, for teaching me how rivers form. 2 Abstract This dissertation involves the development of a geologic framework applied to upper Pleistocene and earliest Holocene archaeological site discovery. It is argued that efforts to identify colonizer archaeological sites require knowledge of geologic processes, Quaternary stratigraphic detail and an understanding of basic soil science principles. An overview of Quaternary geologic deposits based on previous work in the region is presented. This is augmented by original research which presents a new, proposed regional pedostratigraphic framework, a new source of lithic raw material, the Beezley chalcedony, and details of a new cache of lithic tools with Paleoindian affinities made from this previously undescribed stone source. 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The list of people who deserve my thanks and appreciation is large. First, to my parents and family, I give the greatest thanks for providing encouragement and support across many years. Without your steady support it would not be possible. Thanks Mom and Dad, Steph, Jen and Mellissa. To Dani and my sons, I appreciate your patience and support and for your love and encouragement that is always there. Due to a variety of factors, but mostly my own foibles, the research leading to this dissertation has taken place over a protracted period of time, and as a result, different stages of my personal development are likely reflected in it. -
Okanagan Water Systems: an Historical Retrospect of Control, Domination and Change
OKANAGAN WATER SYSTEMS: AN HISTORICAL RETROSPECT OF CONTROL, DOMINATION AND CHANGE by MARLOWE SAM B.A., The University of British Columbia - Okanagan, 2006 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS in THE COLLEGE OF GRADUATE STUDIES (Interdisciplinary Studies) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Okanagan) September 2008 © Marlowe Sam, 2008 Abstract In this study, I examine the history of colonial control, domination, and change that began in the Interior Plateau region of British Columbia in 1811 when interaction between the Syilx (Okanagan) and European explorers first occurred. I focus on water use practices in particular, employing an indigenous Syilx approach (En’owkinwixw) in order to display the negative impacts of colonial policies on the Syilx and their environment. The En’owkinwixw methodology, which calls for the incorporation of multiple perspectives, is thousands of years old, but has been modified here from its original consensus-based decision-making process. The manner in which the U.S. government developed resource and water management policies in America’s arid Far West directly influenced the models that were later adopted by British Columbia and Canada. U.S. Supreme Court decisions along with a number of international treaties and trade agreements between the United States and Canada have also compromised the ability of the Syilx to maintain a sustainable and harmonious relationship with their environment. Depression era policies in the United States led to the implementation of large-scale projects such as the damming of the Columbia River that had further negative consequences on the environment of the Interior Plateau. -
Summary of Sexual Abuse Claims in Chapter 11 Cases of Boy Scouts of America
Summary of Sexual Abuse Claims in Chapter 11 Cases of Boy Scouts of America There are approximately 101,135sexual abuse claims filed. Of those claims, the Tort Claimants’ Committee estimates that there are approximately 83,807 unique claims if the amended and superseded and multiple claims filed on account of the same survivor are removed. The summary of sexual abuse claims below uses the set of 83,807 of claim for purposes of claims summary below.1 The Tort Claimants’ Committee has broken down the sexual abuse claims in various categories for the purpose of disclosing where and when the sexual abuse claims arose and the identity of certain of the parties that are implicated in the alleged sexual abuse. Attached hereto as Exhibit 1 is a chart that shows the sexual abuse claims broken down by the year in which they first arose. Please note that there approximately 10,500 claims did not provide a date for when the sexual abuse occurred. As a result, those claims have not been assigned a year in which the abuse first arose. Attached hereto as Exhibit 2 is a chart that shows the claims broken down by the state or jurisdiction in which they arose. Please note there are approximately 7,186 claims that did not provide a location of abuse. Those claims are reflected by YY or ZZ in the codes used to identify the applicable state or jurisdiction. Those claims have not been assigned a state or other jurisdiction. Attached hereto as Exhibit 3 is a chart that shows the claims broken down by the Local Council implicated in the sexual abuse. -
Desautel (Sinixt)
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF BRITISH COLUMBIA Citation: R. v. Desautel, 2017 BCSC 2389 Date: 20171228 Docket: 23646 Registry: Nelson Between: Regina Appellant And Richard Lee Desautel Respondent And Okanagan Nation Alliance Intervenor On appeal from: Provincial Court of British Columbia, March 27, 2017 R. v. DeSautel, 2017 BCPC 84, Nelson Registry No. 23646 Before: The Honourable Mr. Justice Sewell Reasons for Judgment Counsel for the Appellant: G. Thompson H. Cochran Counsel for the Respondent: M. Underhill K. Phipps Counsel for the Intervenor: R. Kyle Place and Date of Trial/Hearing: Nelson, B.C. September 6-8, 2017 Place and Date of Judgment: Nelson, B.C. December 28, 2017 R. v. Desautel Page 2 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 3 Position of the Parties ............................................................................................. 4 Background .............................................................................................................. 4 Grounds of Appeal ................................................................................................... 6 Are the Sinixt an aboriginal people of Canada ...................................................... 7 What is the Relevant Aboriginal Collective? ....................................................... 10 The Intervenor’s Submissions .............................................................................. 12 Discussion of Crown’s Submissions .................................................................. -
CTUIR Traditional Use Study of Willamette Falls and Lower
Traditional Use Study of Willamette Falls and the Lower Columbia River by the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation Jennifer Karson Engum, Ph.D. Cultural Resources Protection Program Report prepared for CTUIR Board of Trustees Fish and Wildlife Commission Cultural Resources Committee CAYUSE, UMATILLAANDWALLA WALLA TRIBES November 16, 2020 CONFEDERATED TRIBES of the Umatilla Indian Reservation 46411 Timíne Way PENDLETON, OREGON TREATY JUNE 9, 1855 REDACTED FOR PUBLIC DISTRIBUTION Traditional Use Study of Willamette Falls and the Lower Columbia River by the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation Prepared by Jennifer Karson Engum, Ph.D. Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation Department of Natural Resources Cultural Resources Protection Program 46411 Timíne Way Pendleton, Oregon 97801 Prepared for CTUIR Board of Trustees Fish and Wildlife Commission Cultural Resources Committee November 16, 2020 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Umatilla (Imatalamłáma), Cayuse (Weyíiletpu), and Walla Walla (Walúulapam) peoples, who comprise the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation (CTUIR), have traveled throughout the west, including to the lower Columbia and Willamette Rivers and to Willamette Falls, to exercise their reserved treaty rights to hunt, fish, and gather the traditional subsistence resources known as the First Foods. They have been doing so since time immemorial, an important indigenous concept which describes a time continuum that spans from ancient times to present day. In post- contact years, interactions expanded to include explorers, traders and missionaries, who brought with them new opportunities for trade and intermarriage as well as the devastating circumstances brought by disease, warfare, and the reservation era. Through cultural adaptation and uninterrupted treaty rights, the CTUIR never ceased to continue to travel to the lower Columbia and Willamette River and falls for seasonal traditional practice and for other purposes. -
A Storypath Exploring the Lasting Legacy of Celilo Falls by Shana Brown
Living in Celilo A Storypath Exploring the Lasting Legacy of Celilo Falls by Shana Brown Office of Native Education Office of the Superintendent of Public Instruction Washington State Trillium Publishing, Inc. Acknowledgements Contents Shana Brown would like to thank: Carol Craig, Yakama Elder, writer, and historian, for her photos of Celilo as well as her Introduction to Storypath ..................... 2 expertise and her children’s story “I Wish I Had Seen the Falls.” Chucky is really her first grandson (and my cousin!). Episode 1: Creating the Setting ...............22 The Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission for providing information about their organization and granting permission to use articles, including a piece from their Episode 2: Creating the Characters............42 magazine Wana Chinook Tymoo. Episode 3: Building Context ..................54 HistoryLink.org for granting permission to use the article “Dorothea Nordstrand Recalls Old Celilo Falls.” Episode 4: Authorizing the Dam ..............68 The Northwest Power and Conservation Council for granting permission to use an excerpt from the article “Celilo Falls.” Episode 5: Negotiations .....................86 Ritchie Graves, Chief of the NW Region Hydropower Division’s FCRPS Branch, NOAA Fisheries, for providing information on survival rates of salmon through the Episode 6: Broken Promises ................118 dams on the Columbia River system. Episode 7: Inundation .....................142 Sally Thompson, PhD., for granting permission to use her articles. Se-Ah-Dom Edmo, Shoshone-Bannock/Nez Perce/ Yakama, Coordinator of the Classroom-Based Assessment ...............154 Indigenous Ways of Knowing Program at Lewis & Clark College, Columbia River Board Member, and Vice President of the Oregon Indian Education Association, for providing invaluable feedback and guidance as well as copies of the actual notes and letters from the Celilo Falls Community Club. -
The Pacific Northwest Fish Wars
The Pacific Northwest Fish Wars What Kinds of Actions Can Lead to Justice? Additional Resources This list provides supplementary materials for further study about the histories, cultures, and contemporary lives of Pacific Northwest Native Nations. Websites Affiliated Tribes of Northwest Indians (ATNI). Accessed February 7, 2017. http://www.atnitribes.org “Boldt at 40: A Day of Perspectives on the Boldt Decision.” Video Recordings. Salmon Defense. http://www.salmondefense.org Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), U.S. Department of the Interior. Last modified February 6, 2017. https://www.bia.gov Bureau of Indian Education (BIE). Last modified February 7, 2016. https://www.bie.edu Center for Columbia River History Oral History Collection. Last modified 2003. The Oregon Historical Society has a collection of analog audiotapes to listen to onsite; some transcripts are available. Here is a list of the tapes that address issues at Celilo and Celilo Village, both past and present: http://nwda.orbiscascade.org/ark:/80444/xv99870/op=fstyle.aspx?t=k&q=celilo#8. Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission (CRITFC). Accessed February 7, 2017. http://www.critfc.org/. Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission for Kids. Accessed February 7, 2017. http://www.critfc.org/for-kids-home/for-kids/. Cooper, Vanessa. Lummi Traditional Food Project. Northwest Indian College. Accessed February 7, 2017. http://www.nwic.edu/lummi-traditional-food-project/ Governor’s Office of Indian Affairs (GOIA, State of Washington). Accessed February 7, 2017. http://www.goia.wa.gov Makah Nation: A Whaling People. NWIFC Access. Accessed February 7, 2017. http://access.nwifc.org/newsinfo/streaming.asp National Congress of American Indians (NCAI). -
Pinkney Lugenbeel
PINKNEY LUGENBEEL THIS PLACE IS ROMANTIC AND WILD An Historic Overview of the Cascades Area, Fort Cascades, and the Cascade Townsite, Washington Territory. THIS PLACE IS ROMANTIC AND WILD: AN HISTORICAL OWVERVIEW OF THE CASCADES AREA, FORT CASCADES, AND THE CASCADES TOWNSITE, WASHINGTON TERRITORY By Stephen Dow Beckham Report to Portland District U. S. Army Corps of Engineers under Contract No. DACW57-c-0083 Heritage Research Assococites 2393 Emerald Street Eugene, Oregon 97403 April 10, 1984 Heritage Research Associates Report No. 27 Pinkney Lugenbeel — Page 2 Pinkney Lugenbeel —Page 3 The Upper Blockhouse (Fort Lugenbeel) occupied a prominent position over the small civilian community at the Upper Landing. (courtesy Oregon Historical Society) UPPER BLOCKHOUSE (FORT LUGENBEEL) The Upper Blockhouse, also known as Fort Lugenbeel, stood at the Upper Landing in Section 37, T.2N., R7E. The structure was located atop a hill overlooking the small islands at the head of the portage along the north bank of the Columbia River. The site was first used for military purposes when in 1847, during the Cayuse Indian War, volunteer soldiers established Fort Gilliam at the Upper Landing. Also known as The Cabins, these crude buildings sheltered troops and supplies destined for service in the conflicts farther to the east. (Victor 1894:157-158). During the outbreak of the Indians in March, 1856, the military had no garrison at this site. Civilians forted up in the Bradford store while the Indians burned many of the pioneer buildings scattered about the area. By June 17, 1856, however, the Army had moved in with determination. -
An Assessment of Archaeological Potential for Proposed Upgrades to Riverfront Park, Spokane, Washington
An Assessment of Archaeological Potential for Proposed Upgrades to Riverfront Park, Spokane, Washington By Ashley M. Morton, M.A., RPA Fort Walla Walla Museum, Heritage Research Services With Contributions by James B. Harrison, M.A. Spokane Tribe of Indians Preservation Program Prepared for the City of Spokane Parks and Recreation Department 808 West Spokane Falls Boulevard Spokane, WA 99201 Aerial View of the Riverfront Park area ca. 1929 (courtesy of Northwest Museum of Arts and Culture, Spokane, Washington) Final Technical Report 16-01 755 Myra Road Walla Walla, WA 99362 June 8, 2016 Table of Contents List of Figures………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….iv List of Tables ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………v Acknowledgements ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..vi Chapter 1 Project Background ..................................................................................................................... 1 Native American Culture History in Eastern Washington ....................................................................... 4 Paleoarchaic Period (c.a. 11,000 to 8,000 B.P.) .................................................................................... 4 Early Archaic/Coyote Period (8,000 B.P. – 5,000 B.P.) .......................................................................... 4 Middle Archaic/ Salmon & Eagle Periods (5,000 B.P. – 2,000 B.P.) ..................................................... 4 Late Archaic/Turtle Period (2,000 B.P. – 280 B.P.) ............................................................................... -
Organization of Indian Salmon Fishing in Western North America
Eastern Washington University EWU Digital Commons Allan T. Scholz Papers Regional History 1965 Organization of Indian Salmon Fishing in Western North America Dietrich Treide Leipzig University Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.ewu.edu/scholz Part of the Cultural History Commons, and the Social and Cultural Anthropology Commons Recommended Citation Treide, Dietrich, "Organization of Indian Salmon Fishing in Western North America" (1965). Allan T. Scholz Papers. 1. https://dc.ewu.edu/scholz/1 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Regional History at EWU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Allan T. Scholz Papers by an authorized administrator of EWU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Publication of the Leipzig Museum of Ethnography: Issue 14 Die Organisierung des indianischen Lachsfangs im westlichen Nordamerika [Organization of Indian Salmon Fishing in Western North America] By: Dietrich Treide Akademie-Verlag Berlin 1965 [Copyright owned by: State Ethnographic Collections Saxony (SES)/State Art Collections Dresden (SKD). Permission was granted by the copyright owner for placement of this German to English translation of Treide’s dissertation on the Eastern Washington University, JFK Library, Digital Commons Website] Translation by: Jaimie Kenney Department of Entomology University of California, Riverside Riverside, California 92521 Foreword by: Allan T. Scholz, Ph.D. Eastern Washington University Department of Biology 258 Science Building Cheney, WA