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An Assessment of Archaeological Potential for Proposed Upgrades to Riverfront Park, Spokane, Washington

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An Assessment of Archaeological Potential for Proposed Upgrades to Riverfront Park, Spokane, Washington An Assessment of Archaeological Potential for Proposed Upgrades to Riverfront Park, Spokane, Washington By Ashley M. Morton, M.A., RPA Fort Walla Walla Museum, Heritage Research Services With Contributions by James B. Harrison, M.A. Spokane Tribe of Indians Preservation Program Prepared for the City of Spokane Parks and Recreation Department 808 West Spokane Falls Boulevard Spokane, WA 99201 Aerial View of the Riverfront Park area ca. 1929 (courtesy of Northwest Museum of Arts and Culture, Spokane, Washington) Final Technical Report 16-01 755 Myra Road Walla Walla, WA 99362 June 8, 2016 Table of Contents List of Figures………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….iv List of Tables ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………v Acknowledgements ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..vi Chapter 1 Project Background ..................................................................................................................... 1 Native American Culture History in Eastern Washington ....................................................................... 4 Paleoarchaic Period (c.a. 11,000 to 8,000 B.P.) .................................................................................... 4 Early Archaic/Coyote Period (8,000 B.P. – 5,000 B.P.) .......................................................................... 4 Middle Archaic/ Salmon & Eagle Periods (5,000 B.P. – 2,000 B.P.) ..................................................... 4 Late Archaic/Turtle Period (2,000 B.P. – 280 B.P.) ................................................................................ 4 Historic Spokane (1730 – Present) ........................................................................................................ 5 Euroamerican Culture History in Eastern Washington ……………………………………………………………………. 11 Discovery and Exploration................................................................................................................... 11 Missionary and Pioneer Expansion ..................................................................................................... 12 Missionaries in Eastern Washington .............................................................................................. 12 Early Settlement in Eastern Washington ....................................................................................... 14 Territorial Period (1853-1889) ................................................................................................................ 15 Early Urban Spokane and After ............................................................................................................... 16 Chapter 2 Before the Riverfront Park: Homes, Businesses, and Industry, 1880s-1960s ....................... 21 Historical Archival Research ................................................................................................................... 21 Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps ............................................................................................................. 22 Decennial Federal Census Records ...................................................................................................... 22 Spokane City Directories ..................................................................................................................... 23 The Riverfront Park Project Area, Every 10 Years ................................................................................ 23 The Project Area, ca. 1880 .................................................................................................................. 31 The Project Area, ca. 1890 .................................................................................................................. 34 The Project Area, ca. 1900 .................................................................................................................. 35 The Project Area, ca. 1910 .................................................................................................................. 39 The Project Area, ca. 1920 .................................................................................................................. 40 The Project Area, ca. 1930 .................................................................................................................. 41 The Project Area, ca. 1940 .................................................................................................................. 41 The Project Area, ca. 1950 .................................................................................................................. 50 ii The Project Area, ca. 1960 .................................................................................................................. 50 Chapter 3 Historic Properties in the Vicinity of the Project Area ............................................................ 52 Archaeological Sites in and Near the Project Area ............................................................................... 52 45SP00010 .......................................................................................................................................... 53 45SP00053 .......................................................................................................................................... 53 45SP00063 .......................................................................................................................................... 53 45SP00210 .......................................................................................................................................... 53 45SP00498 .......................................................................................................................................... 53 45SP00499 .......................................................................................................................................... 54 45SP00507 .......................................................................................................................................... 54 45SP00735 .......................................................................................................................................... 54 Historic Districts in and near the Project Area ....................................................................................... 54 DT000015, Spokane River District ....................................................................................................... 55 DT000068, Peaceful Valley Historic District ........................................................................................ 55 DT000014, Riverside Avenue Historic District ..................................................................................... 55 DT000163, West Downtown Historic Transportation Corridor ........................................................... 55 DT000183, East Downtown Historic District ....................................................................................... 56 DT000162, Desmet Avenue Warehouse Historic District .................................................................... 56 Archaeological Potential in the Project Area …………………………………………………………………………………… 58 Chapter 4 Summary and Recommendations ............................................................................................ 59 Recommendations …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 59 References Cited ........................................................................................................................................ 61 Appendices A. Summary of Building Information on Sanborn Maps of the Riverfront Park Project Area B. Summary of Decennial Federal Census Information for Residents in the Riverfront Park Project Area C. Project Area Residents and Businesses Listed in Selected Spokane City Directories D. Household Heads and Businesses in the Project Area by Block for 1902 and 1910 iii List of Figures Figure 1.1. USGS 7.5” topographic map with the Area of Potential Effect (APE) overlaid…………………….. 2 Figure 1.2. Spokane Tribe Cultural landscape with hallmark sites and names of major bands………………. 7 Figure 1.3. Spokane Tribe reservation and ceded lands including area shared with the Yakama, Colville, and Palouse Nations…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 10 Figure 1.4. 1884 Lithograph of Spokane Falls………………………………………………………………………………………. 17 Figure 1.5. Map of 1889 Great Fire of Spokane…………………………………………………………………………………....18 Figure 2.1. Portion of the 1888 Sanborn Fire Insurance Map of Spokane Falls (Spokane) with the APE overlaid..……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 24 Figure 2.2. Portion of the 1891 Sanborn Fire Insurance Map of Spokane with the APE overlaid………….. 25 Figure 2.3. Portion of the 1902 Sanborn Fire Insurance Map of Spokane with the APE overlaid………….. 26 Figure 2.4. Portion of the 1910 Sanborn Fire Insurance Map of Spokane with the APE overlaid…………. 27 Figure 2.5. Portion of the 1925 Sanborn Fire Insurance Map of Spokane with the APE overlaid…………. 28 Figure 2.6. Portion of the 1950 Sanborn Fire Insurance Map of Spokane with the APE overlaid…………. 29 Figure 2.7. Spokane 1889 Fire Devastation in Historic Blocks 2 and 4 in the project area……………………. 33 Figure 2.8. Great Northern Depot located at southern extent of Havermale Island……………………………. 36 Figure 2.9. Crystal Laundry Building with the Howard Street Mid-Channel Bridge in the background ca. 1929……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 37
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