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Information Systems, Internet, Web Multimedia Information Systems VO/KU (707.021/707.022) Multimedia Information Systems VO/KU (707.021/707.022) Denis Helic KMI, TU Graz Oct 10, 2011 Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) Multimedia Information Systems Oct 10, 2011 1 / 53 Outline 1 Definition 2 The Internet 3 History 4 The Web 5 Social Web 6 Hypertext and the Web Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) Multimedia Information Systems Oct 10, 2011 2 / 53 Information systems, Internet, Web Multimedia Information Systems VO/KU (707.021/707.022) Denis Helic KMI, TU Graz Oct 10, 2011 Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) Information systems, Internet, Web Oct 10, 2011 3 / 53 Definition Information systems Systems for managing information in different forms Data vs. Information Information is data in a context E.g. data: 23 Context: Age of Hermann Maurer is 23 Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) Information systems, Internet, Web Oct 10, 2011 4 / 53 Definition Information systems Management Create, Retrieve (Search, Browse, etc.), Update, Delete, etc. CRUD operations Persistent storage With a special purpose Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) Information systems, Internet, Web Oct 10, 2011 5 / 53 Definition Information systems Various kinds of information systems Depending on the kind of information that is managed: Structured information ! clear separation of structure and content ! Databases Unstructured, or semi-structured information ! e.g. text documents ! Document Management Systems If semi-structured information comes in the form of different media (text, video, images, etc.) ! Multimedia Information Systems Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) Information systems, Internet, Web Oct 10, 2011 6 / 53 Definition Information systems Taking into account the networking environment Standalone information systems ! no network Distributed information system ! network is needed Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) Information systems, Internet, Web Oct 10, 2011 7 / 53 Definition Information systems In this course we discuss Distributed Multimedia Information Systems The largest network infrastructure: the Internet ! Internet-based Multimedia Information Systems The largest application infrastructure on the Internet: ! the Web Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) Information systems, Internet, Web Oct 10, 2011 8 / 53 The Internet The Internet and the Web Internet =6 Web Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) Information systems, Internet, Web Oct 10, 2011 9 / 53 The Internet Technical Background Internet is the net of the nets TCP/IP is the communication protocol for the Internet A computer communication protocol is a description of the rules computers must follow to communicate with each other TCP/IP stands for Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) Information systems, Internet, Web Oct 10, 2011 10 / 53 The Internet Technical Background Inside the TCP/IP standard there are a number of protocols for handling data communication TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) communication between applications UDP (User Datagram Protocol) simple communication between applications IP (Internet Protocol) communication between computers ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) for errors and statistics DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) for dynamic addressing Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) Information systems, Internet, Web Oct 10, 2011 11 / 53 The Internet Technical Background TCP is for communication between applications When an application wants to communicate with another application via TCP, it sends a communication request The request must be sent to an exact address The connection between two computers is open until it is closed by one of the two applications TCP is reliable (if a part of request is lost, TCP ensures that it is sent again) Connection-oriented Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) Information systems, Internet, Web Oct 10, 2011 12 / 53 The Internet Technical Background UDP is for communication between applications UDP is simpler and less reliable than TCP Connection-less Does not ensure that the missed parts are sent again Faster than TCP - good e.g. for streaming media applications Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) Information systems, Internet, Web Oct 10, 2011 13 / 53 The Internet Technical Background IP is for communication between computers Connection-less IP breaks messages into small independent packets IP is responsible for routing each packet to its destination An IP packet first arrives at an IP router The IP router routes the packet to its destination, directly or via another router Router works with IP addresses Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) Information systems, Internet, Web Oct 10, 2011 14 / 53 The Internet Technical Background IP addressing: IPv4: 32 bit long (4 bytes) / dot notation e.g. 2166031126 = 10000001000110110000001100010110 ! 10000001.00011011.00000011.00010110 ! 129.27.3.22 IPv6: 128 bit (2128 different addresses, 7 ∗ 1023 pro m2) Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) Information systems, Internet, Web Oct 10, 2011 15 / 53 The Internet Technical Background hierarchical naming service (e.g. news.tu-graz.ac.at ! 129.27.3.22) Generic Countries int com edu gov mil org net jp us nl . sun yale acm ieee ac co oce ¡ vu eng cs eng jack jill keio nec cs ai linda cs csl flits fluit robot pc24 Figure: Domain Name Space Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) Information systems, Internet, Web Oct 10, 2011 16 / 53 The Internet Technical Background TCP/IP and UDP/IP combinations TCP/IP is TCP and IP working together TCP takes care of the communication between your application software (i.e. your browser) and your network software IP takes care of the communication with other computers TCP is responsible for breaking data down into IP packets before they are sent, and for assembling the packets when they arrive Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) Information systems, Internet, Web Oct 10, 2011 17 / 53 The Internet Technical Background Higher-layer applications are referred to by a port identifier in TCP/UDP messages The port identifier and IP address together form a socket The end-to-end communication between two hosts is uniquely identified on the Internet by the four-tuple (source port, source address, destination port, destination address) TCP/UDP and specific ports are the basis for the Internet services Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) Information systems, Internet, Web Oct 10, 2011 18 / 53 The Internet Services in the Internet Telnet Email Usenet (news) Gopher Ftp WWW Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) Information systems, Internet, Web Oct 10, 2011 19 / 53 The Internet Protocols on top of TCP/IP Specific for a service RFCs (http://www.ietf.org/rfc.html) HTTP1.0: RFC 1945 FTP: RFC 959 Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) Information systems, Internet, Web Oct 10, 2011 20 / 53 The Internet Protocols on top of TCP/IP Figure: Protocols Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) Information systems, Internet, Web Oct 10, 2011 21 / 53 The Internet Internet Growth Anzahl der Computer im Internet (Source: Internet Software Consortium (http://www.isc.org/)) 180 160 140 120 100 80 in Millionen 60 40 20 0 01/1993 01/1994 01/1995 01/1996 01/1997 01/1998 01/1999 01/2000 01/2001 01/2002 01/2003 Figure: Internet Growth Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) Information systems, Internet, Web Oct 10, 2011 22 / 53 In 2008: 100.000G transferred over the Internet in a second The Internet Internet Growth Not only computers, but other devices, e.g. phones connected to the Internet About billion devices connected today In 1993: 100.000G transferred over the Intern per year Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) Information systems, Internet, Web Oct 10, 2011 23 / 53 The Internet Internet Growth Not only computers, but other devices, e.g. phones connected to the Internet About billion devices connected today In 1993: 100.000G transferred over the Intern per year In 2008: 100.000G transferred over the Internet in a second Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) Information systems, Internet, Web Oct 10, 2011 23 / 53 The Internet Internet Growth Figure: Internet Map http://www.opte.org/ Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) Information systems, Internet, Web Oct 10, 2011 24 / 53 History Information systems - Historical 1945 Vannevar Bush \As We May Think" http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1945/07/ as-we-may-think/3881/ Device called memex Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) Information systems, Internet, Web Oct 10, 2011 25 / 53 History Information systems - Historical Figure: Drawing of Bush's theoretical Memex machine (Life Magazine, November 19, 1945) Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) Information systems, Internet, Web Oct 10, 2011 26 / 53 History Information systems - Historical Digital library - knowledge management system Extends human brain Index device for later retrieval Recording information with microphone, camera Trails: today links Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) Information systems, Internet, Web Oct 10, 2011 27 / 53 History Information systems - Historical 1967 Ted Nelson formed terms \hyperlink" and \hypermedia" Book \Literary Machines" Project Xanadu (http://www.udanax.com) Worldwide, distributed library Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) Information systems, Internet, Web Oct 10, 2011 28 / 53 History Information systems - Historical Different types of hyperlinks (bookmarks, annotations, footnotes, hypertext-jumps, etc.) Transclusion Versioning Still unfinished :-) Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) Information systems, Internet, Web Oct 10, 2011 29 / 53 History Information systems - Historical 1967 van Dam: Hypertext Editing System 1968 Douglas Engelbart: NLS (oN-Line System) Invented text-processing, window-technique, email, hypertext, mouse http://sloan.stanford.edu/MouseSite/1968Demo.html I don't know why we call it a mouse. It started that way and we never changed it. Denis Helic (KMI, TU Graz) Information systems, Internet, Web
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