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Fluctuations in the Energetic Properties of a Spark-Ignition Engine Model with Variability
Entropy 2013, 15, 3277-3296; doi:10.3390/e15083367 OPEN ACCESS entropy ISSN 1099-4300 www.mdpi.com/journal/entropy Article Fluctuations in the Energetic Properties of a Spark-Ignition Engine Model with Variability Pedro L. Curto-Risso 1, Alejandro Medina 2, Antonio Calvo-Hernandez´ 3, Lev Guzman-Vargas´ 4;* and Fernando Angulo-Brown 5 1 Instituto de Ingenier´ıa Mecanica´ y Produccion´ Industrial, Universidad de la Republica,´ Montevideo 11300, Uruguay; E-Mail: pcurto@fing.edu.uy 2 Departamento de F´ısica Aplicada, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca 37008, Spain; E-Mail: [email protected] 3 Departamento de F´ısica Aplicada and IUFFYM, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca 37008, Spain; E-Mail: [email protected] 4 Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria en Ingenier´ıa y Tecnolog´ıas Avanzadas, Instituto Politecnico´ Nacional, Av. IPN 2580, L. Ticoman,´ Mexico D.F. 07340, Mexico 5 Departamento de F´ısica, Escuela Superior de F´ısica y Matematicas,´ Instituto Politecnico´ Nacional, Edif. No. 9 U.P. Zacatenco, Mexico D. F. 07738, Mexico; E-Mail: [email protected] * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +52-55-57296000 ext. 56873; Fax: +52-55-57529318. Received: 8 June 2013; in revised form: 30 July 2013 / Accepted: 13 August 2013 / Published: 19 August 2013 Abstract: We study the energetic functions obtained in a simulated spark-ignited engine that incorporates cyclic variability through a quasi-dimensional combustion model. Our analyses are focused on the effects of the fuel-air equivalence ratio of the mixture simultaneously over the cycle-to-cycle fluctuations of heat release (QR) and the performance outputs, such as the power (P ) and the efficiency (η). -
Preparing for a New Golden Age of Cycling
Chainlinks ChainlinksPreparing for a new golden age of cycling CHAINLINKS 2009 Issue 4, December 2009 December 4, Issue 2009 CHAINLINKS ISSUE 4, December 2009 MAGAZINE OF THE CYCLING ADVOCATES NETWORK (NZ) Editorial Chainlinks March From CAN’s new chair Bevan Woodward It’s an honour and a pleasure to be elected as Chair of CAN. It is also a long way from my first involvement in cycle advocacy, when in 1999 I began writing letters to Transit asking about the possibility of a walk/cycleway on the Auckland Harbour Bridge. Things evolved from there and a few years later I joined Cycle Action Auck- land, having the role of chair from 2005 to 2008. I now live 85 km north of Auck- land and cycle each day on rural (80 and Bevan Woodward 100 km/h!) roads to my office in Wark- sign road Taranaki worth. I’m a self-employed transport groups, so many key projects, and an consultant and am studying Transpor- outstanding reputation for the quality of tation through Canterbury University’s CAN’s advisory work, is a great achieve- Post-graduate programme. I had a few ment. previous careers, namely: Accountant, IT The new CAN committee is a great sales, and owning an outdoors store on bunch of talented folk who I’m excited to Articles by 12 Feb the North Shore. have the opportunity to work with. We’ll Local group content : 27 Feb be implementing a new structure for It’s been an eye-opening experience to be Bikewise stories and pics: 27 Feb an advocate for cycling. -
Intellectual Property Center, 28 Upper Mckinley Rd. Mckinley Hill Town Center, Fort Bonifacio, Taguig City 1634, Philippines Tel
Intellectual Property Center, 28 Upper McKinley Rd. McKinley Hill Town Center, Fort Bonifacio, Taguig City 1634, Philippines Tel. No. 238-6300 Website: http://www.ipophil.gov.ph e-mail: [email protected] Publication Date: August 10, 2015 1 ALLOWED MARKS PUBLISHED FOR OPPOSITION ............................................................................................... 2 1.1 ALLOWED NATIONAL MARKS ....................................................................................................................................... 2 Intellectual Property Center, 28 Upper McKinley Rd. McKinley Hill Town Center, Fort Bonifacio, Taguig City 1634, Philippines Tel. No. 238-6300 Website: http://www.ipophil.gov.ph e-mail: [email protected] Publication Date: August 10, 2015 1 ALLOWED MARKS PUBLISHED FOR OPPOSITION 1.1 Allowed national marks Application No. Filing Date Mark Applicant Nice class(es) Number 25 June 1 4/2010/00006843 AIR21 GLOBAL AIR21 GLOBAL, INC. [PH] 35 and39 2010 20 2 4/2012/00011594 September AAA SUNQUAN LU [PH] 19 2012 11 May 3 4/2012/00501163 CACATIAN, LEUGIM D [PH] 25 2012 24 4 4/2012/00740257 September MIX N` MAGIC MICHAELA A TAN [PH] 30 2012 11 June NEUROGENESIS 5 4/2013/00006764 LBI BRANDS, INC. [CA] 32 2013 HAPPY WATER BABAYLAN SPA AND ALLIED 6 4/2013/00007633 1 July 2013 BABAYLAN 44 INC. [PH] 12 July OAKS HOTELS & M&H MANAGEMENT 7 4/2013/00008241 43 2013 RESORTS LIMITED [MU] 25 July DAIWA HOUSE INDUSTRY 8 4/2013/00008867 DAIWA HOUSE 36; 37 and42 2013 CO., LTD. [JP] 16 August ELLEBASY MEDICALE ELLEBASY MEDICALE 9 4/2013/00009840 35 2013 TRADING TRADING [PH] 9 THE PROCTER & GAMBLE 10 4/2013/00010788 September UNSTOPABLES 3 COMPANY [US] 2013 9 October BELL-KENZ PHARMA INC. -
RT Rondelle PDF Specimen
RAZZIATYPE RT Rondelle RAZZIATYPE RT RONDELLE FAMILY Thin Rondelle Thin Italic Rondelle Extralight Rondelle Extralight Italic Rondelle Light Rondelle Light Italic Rondelle Book Rondelle Book Italic Rondelle Regular Rondelle Regular Italic Rondelle Medium Rondelle Medium Italic Rondelle Bold Rondelle Bold Italic Rondelle Black Rondelle Black Italic Rondelle RAZZIATYPE TYPEFACE INFORMATION About RT Rondelle is the result of an exploration into public transport signage typefa- ces. While building on this foundation it incorporates the distinctive characteri- stics of a highly specialized genre to become a versatile grotesque family with a balanced geometrical touch. RT Rondelle embarks on a new life of its own, lea- ving behind the restrictions of its heritage to form a consistent and independent type family. Suited for a wide range of applications www.rt-rondelle.com Supported languages Afrikaans, Albanian, Basque, Bosnian, Breton, Catalan, Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, Esperanto, Estonian, Faroese, Fijian, Finnish, Flemish, French, Frisian, German, Greenlandic, Hawaiian, Hungarian, Icelandic, Indonesian, Irish, Italian, Latin, Latvian, Lithuanian, Malay, Maltese, Maori, Moldavian, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese, Provençal, Romanian, Romany, Sámi (Inari), Sámi (Luli), Sámi (Northern), Sámi (Southern), Samoan, Scottish Gaelic, Slovak, Slovenian, Sorbian, Spa- nish, Swahili, Swedish, Tagalog, Turkish, Welsh File formats Desktop: OTF Web: WOFF2, WOFF App: OTF Available licenses Desktop license Web license App license Further licensing -
On Cycle-To-Cycle Heat Release Variations in a Simulated Spark Ignition Heat Engine
On cycle-to-cycle heat release variations in a simulated spark ignition heat engine P.L. Curto-Risso 1 Departamento de F´ısica Aplicada, Universidad de Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain A. Medina ∗;2 Departamento de F´ısica Aplicada, Universidad de Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain A. Calvo Hern´andez 3 Departamento de F´ısica Aplicada, Universidad de Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain L. Guzm´an-Vargas Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria en Ingenier´ıay Tecnolog´ıasAvanzadas, Instituto Polit´ecnico Nacional, Av. IPN No. 2580, L. Ticom´an,M´exico D.F. 07340, M´exico F. Angulo-Brown Departamento de F´ısica, Escuela Superior de F´ısica y Matem´aticas, Instituto Polit´ecnico Nacional, Edif. No. 9 U.P. Zacatenco, M´exico D.F. 07738, M´exico Abstract The cycle-by-cycle variations in heat release for a simulated spark-ignited engine are analyzed within a turbulent combustion model in terms of some basic parameters: the characteristic length of the unburned eddies entrained within the flame front, a arXiv:1005.5410v1 [physics.class-ph] 28 May 2010 characteristic turbulent speed, and the location of the ignition kernel. The evolution of the simulated time series with the fuel-air equivalence ratio, φ, from lean mixtures to over stoichiometric conditions, is examined and compared with previous experi- ments. Fluctuations on the characteristic length of unburned eddies are found to be essential to simulate heat release cycle-to-cycle variations and recover experimental results. Relative to the non-linear analysis of the system, it is remarkable that at fuel ratios around φ ' 0:65, embedding and surrogate procedures show that the dimensionality of the system is small. -
Freeradical Assembly Guide
1078 60th Street Oakland, CA 94608 888.537.1401 2 1 3 41 17 8 1. Rear Upright 2. Rear Bridge (No Step) 5 3. Long Stay 1 14 4. Brake Post 6 5. Dropout 13 6. Short Stay 16 8 7. Kickstand Plate (Serial#) 4 8. Front Upright 9. Dropout Boss 15 10. Boss Hog 11. Spacer Washer 12. Special Nut 12 13. Front Bridge 9 11 18 14. Top Stay (Grab to lift) 17 15. Front Attachment Plate (FAP) Rubber pad attached 10 16. Tongue 19 17. V-rack 18. SnapDeck 19. FreeLoader 20 20. H-rack (Optional Accessory) Yippee! We congratulate and thank you for joining the growing ranks of Xtracycle owners people around the world figuring out happier, hipper, friendlier, richer, cooler, more soulful ways to get around and live and have fun. For us, this company and our products are about making the world a better place; by, among other things, minimizing pressure on the environment and giving people satisfying transportation choices. We re confident that in some way the Xtracycle sport utility bicycle will change your world and leave you inspired. We appreciate your business. Ride on! FAP Bolt Top Stay (Use as Handle) Anatomy of a FreeRadical Front Upright Tongue Rear Iso View Front Attachment Plate Washer Nut Boss Hog A Tube of Gibralter Brake Post Bottom Stay Kickstand Plate (Serial #) Boss Hog Dropout Boss Disc Brake Caliper Mount 32mm Bolt Fender Boss FreeLoader Boss Spacer Washer Long Stay French Nut Fender Boss Front Bridge A Rear Upright Short Stay Rear Bridge (No Step) Derailleur Hanger & Dropout Fender Boss Bottom Stay Boss Hog FreeLoader Boss Dropout Boss Chainring Bolt 32mm Bolt 15mm Bolt FreeLoader Boss This manual is an introduction to owning, using, and caring for a FreeRadical. -
The Earliest Locomotives and Railways
The Earl i est Rai l ways The first railroads in Britain were in the 18th century coal mines, where horses pulled mine carts from the pits to the factories along wooden tracks. Later, in 1807, the first railway to carry passengers was opened. It was called the Oystermouth Railway and horses pulled carriages along tracks from Swansea to Oystermouth in South Wales. The Earl i est Rai l ways Thomas Saver y Thomas Savery (1650 – 1715) invented and made one of the f irst ever st eam engines in 1698. This engine was used to pump water out of the coal mines, but unfortunately it had a number of problems and did not work as well as everyone hoped. However, t his early st eam engine design helped other engineers and inventors to develop more successful engines in the future. The Earl i est Rai l ways James Watt James Watt (1736 – 1819) was a Scottish engineer who worked to improve the earliest steam engines like that of Thomas Savery. Watt’s desi gns and i deas were ver y successf ul . Af t er Wat t ret ired in 1800, many ot her engineers and inventors continued to work on and improve on this early steam engine design. The power of the steam engine was soon about to completely change travel and transport in the United Kingdom and around the world. Did you K now ? The unit of enery ‘the watt’ was named after James Wat t and he invent ed t he t erm ‘horsepower ’. The Fi rst St eam Engi ne Locomotives locomotive Soon engineers were creating train steam engine locomotives using new steam engine technologies which were quickly developing. -
The Rivendell Reader Medical Page: Dr
If you get this free at a shop or event and you like it, please subscribe. Four times per year, $20/year or $35/3years. Call 1 (800) 345-3918. T H E R I V E N D E L L R E A D E R Issue No. Issue No. 30 Late Summer 2003 Late Summer 2003 30 A QUARTERLY FOR BICYCLERS When “Spam” Meant One Thing: Good Lunch! E GET ASKED A LOT whether we’re ever going to offer a ably, and without getting wet or stressing their joints. bike with a threadless steerer, and we are. We aren’t I think selling the bike as a weight-reducing device is a bad way to go, against threadless steerers or the Aheadsets that go with because it lumps it in with stairsteppers, rowing machines, treadmills, W them on principle. We just prefer quill stems because they and stationary bicycles, as just another thing to do so you’ll feel better make it easier to raise the bars, and they look nicer. afterwards. The thing is, you won’t “feel better afterwards” often enough At some point in the next couple of years we’ll probably do a threadless if you don’t enjoy it enough while you’re doing it. It’s good to try to make bike, but first we have to find a good way around the adjustability prob- most of your rides the kind that you’d like to do every day forever. lem. This winter we’ll offer a lovely fillet-brazed Nitto clamp-on stem for existing threadless bikes. -
Farm Co-Op Utility Bicycle
Farm Co-op Utility Bicycle 1 Table of Contents Mission 4 Precedents 6 Process 12 Testing 20 Future Designs 24 2 3 Mission An opportunity exists to create an all terrain electric assist utility bike for The New Roots for refugees organization. An electric farm utility bike would help the members of the program increase their efficiency and allow them to be more productive. Considerations -The bike should be relatively affordable and replicable -The bike should take to additions and modifications easily -The bike will live most of its life outdoors and off road -Cargo will consist mostly of crops and equipment 4 5 Precedents Cargo Bikes & Farm Programs 6 7 Produce Container Precedents Bin Examples Optimal Sizes Various bins are on the market here are some examples Any Container with a width of 24” would be optimal for a bike possibly. This would allow plenty of room for Harvest Crate maneuverability without overloading the rider. 24” x 15” 20”x 12”x 8.25 “ https://www.tranpak.com/handheld-plastic-crates/agricul- tural/harvest-crate/ 12” x 20” OmniCrate 24”x 15”x 7” https://www.tranpak.com/handheld-plastic-crates/agricul- tural/omnicrate-full-vented/ VersaCrate 24”x 20”x 4.5”-10.5” Best Choice for Container: Versa Crate Stackable and collapsible, these crate are cheep and easy to find. Unified footprint with https://www.tranpak.com/handheld-plastic-crates/ver- sacrates/ different heights offers versatility for users. Returnable Plastic Crate Dimensions: 24”x 16”x 11.61 https://www.tranpak.com/handheld-plastic-crates/return- able/ Probin collection -
TITLE VII: TRAFFIC CODE Chapter 70. TRAFFIC
TITLE VII: TRAFFIC CODE Chapter 70. TRAFFIC REGULATIONS 71. PARKING REGULATIONS 72. SNOWMOBILES 73. RECREATIONAL AND OTHER VEHICLES 74. BICYCLES, ROLLER BLADES, ROLLER SKATES, ROLLER SKIS AND SKATEBOARDS 1 2010 Supp. 2 Minnesota Basic Code of Ordinances - Traffic Code CHAPTER 70: TRAFFIC REGULATIONS Section General Provisions 70.01 State highway traffic regulations adopted by reference 70.02 Trucks prohibited on certain streets 70.03 Stop intersections 70.04 Through streets and one-way streets 70.05 Turning restrictions 70.06 U-turns restricted 70.07 Excessive noise 70.08 Exhibition driving prohibited 70.09 Cruising prohibited 70.10 Motor vehicle noise 70.11 Pedestrian crossings 70.12 Crossings for seniors or disabled persons Parades 70.20 Definitions 70.21 Permit required 70.22 Application for permit 70.23 Standards for issuance of permit 70.24 Notice of rejection of permit application 70.25 Appeal procedure when permit denied 70.26 Alternative permit 70.27 Notice to city and other officials when permit issued 70.28 Contents of permit 70.29 Duties of permittee 70.30 Public conduct during parades 70.31 Revocation of permit 3 2010 Supp. 4 Minnesota Basic Code of Ordinances - Traffic Code GENERAL PROVISIONS § 70.01 STATE HIGHWAY TRAFFIC REGULATIONS ADOPTED BY REFERENCE. (A) The Highway Traffic Regulations Act is hereby adopted by reference. The regulatory provisions of M.S. Chapter 169, as it may be amended from time to time, are hereby adopted as a traffic ordinance regulating the use of highways, streets and alleys within the city and are hereby incorporated in and made a part of this section as completely as if set out in full herein. -
The Impact of Cargo Bikes on Travel Patterns: Survey Report Spring
California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo DigitalCommons@CalPoly City & Regional Planning Studios and Projects City and Regional Planning Student Work 2-2-2015 The mpI act of Cargo Bikes on Travel Patterns: Survey Report Spring/ Summer 2014 William Riggs California Polytechnic State University - San Luis Obispo, [email protected] Jana E. Schwartz California Polytechnic State University - San Luis Obispo, [email protected] CRP 425 Bicycle and Pedestrian Planning Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/crp_wpp Part of the Urban, Community and Regional Planning Commons Recommended Citation February 2, 2015. This Other is brought to you for free and open access by the City and Regional Planning Student Work at DigitalCommons@CalPoly. It has been accepted for inclusion in City & Regional Planning Studios and Projects by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@CalPoly. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Impact of Cargo Bikes on Travel Patterns: Survey Report William Riggs, PhD Jana Schwartz, BSLA Riggs & Schwartz, 1 Cal Poly, San Luis Obispo City & Regional Planning 1 Grand Ave San Luis Obispo, CA 93401 © 2015 Riggs & Schwartz, 2 Table of Contents Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................... 5 Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 6 Survey Structure ..................................................................................................................................... -
Redalyc.Dynamic Analysis of Pneumatically Actuated Mechanisms
Ingeniería Mecánica. Tecnología y Desarrollo ISSN: 1665-7381 [email protected] Sociedad Mexicana de Ingeniería Mecánica México Lara-López, Arturo; Pérez-Meneses, Joaquín; Colín-Venegas, José; Aguilera-Gómez, Eduardo; Cervantes-Sánchez, Jesús Dynamic Analysis of Pneumatically Actuated Mechanisms Ingeniería Mecánica. Tecnología y Desarrollo, vol. 3, núm. 4, marzo, 2010, pp. 123-134 Sociedad Mexicana de Ingeniería Mecánica Distrito Federal, México Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=76818412002 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative INGENIERÍA MECÁNICA TECNOLOGÍA Y DESARROLLO Fecha de recepción: 02-12-10 Vol. 3 No. 4 (2010) 123 - 134 Fecha de aceptación: 22-01-10 Dynamic Analysis of Pneumatically Actuated Mechanisms Arturo Lara-López, Joaquín Pérez-Meneses, José Colín-Venegas*, Eduardo Aguilera-Gómez and Jesús Cervantes-Sánchez Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Guanajuato at Salamanca Palo Blanco, Salamanca, Gto., México Phone: +52 (464) 647-9940, Fax: +52 (464) 647-9940 ext. 2311 *Corresponding author email: [email protected] Resumen En este artículo se analiza el comportamiento dinámico de sistemas impulsados neumáticamente. Primeramente se analiza un modelo básico que consiste de un eslabón montado sobre un eje impulsado neumáticamente contra una fuerza externa. El modelo matemático que resulta es el fundamento básico para formular modelos de mecanismos más complejos. Luego, el análisis se extiende a un meca- nismo de cuatro barras donde el eslabón de entrada se impulsa por un cilindro neumático y la fuerza externa es aplicada contra el eslabón de salida.