Operations in the UK: the Defence Contribution to Resilience
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Joint Doctrine Publication 02 (2nd Edition) Operations Joint Doctrine Publication in the UK: The Defence Contribution to Resilience Operations in the UK: The Defence Contribution to Resilience Designed and produced by the Joint Doctrine Publication 02 Development, Concepts and Doctrine Centre (2nd Edition) JDP 02 JOINT DOCTRINE PUBLICATION 02 (2nd Edition) OPERATIONS IN THE UK: THE DEFENCE CONTRIBUTION TO RESILIENCE Joint Doctrine Publication 02 (JDP 02), 2nd Edition dated September 2007 is promulgated as directed by the Chiefs of Staff Director General Developments, Concepts and Doctrine CONDITIONS OF RELEASE 1. This information is Crown copyright and the intellectual property rights for this publication belong exclusively to the Ministry of Defence (MOD). No material or information contained in this publication should be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form outside MOD establishments, except as authorised by both the sponsor and the MOD where appropriate. 2. This information may be subject to privately owned rights. i 2nd Edition JDP 02 AUTHORISATION The Development, Concepts and Doctrine Centre (DCDC) is responsible for publishing Joint Doctrine Publications (JDPs) within a hierarchy of similar publications. Readers wishing to quote JDPs as reference material in other work should confirm with DCDC Doctrine Editor whether the particular publication and amendment state remains authoritative. Comments on factual accuracy or proposals for amendment are welcomed by the Doctrine Editor at: The Development, Concepts and Doctrine Centre Ministry of Defence Shrivenham SWINDON, Wilts, SN6 8RF Telephone number: 01793 314216/7 Facsimile number: 01793 314232 E-mail: [email protected] DISTRIBUTION Distribution of JDPs is managed by DSDC Llangennech,1 Mwrwg Road, Llangennech, Llanelli, Carmarthenshire, SA14 8YP. Requests for issue of this publication, or amendments to its distribution, should be referred to DSDC(L). All other DCDC publications including a regularly updated CD ‘Joint Doctrine Disk’ (containing both JDPs and Allied Joint Publications (AJPs)) can also be demanded from DSDC(L). Telephone number: 01554 822368 Facsimile: 01554 822350 All publications (including drafts) are available for viewing/download at: http://defenceintranet.diiweb.r.mil.uk/DefenceIntranet/Library/AtoZ/Development ConceptsAndDoctrineCentrePublications.htm 1 DSDC Llangennech is to close by April 2008. Storage and Distribution management will be assumed by DSDC Bicester in Autumn 2007. ii 2nd Edition JDP 02 JOINT DOCTRINE PUBLICATIONS The successful conduct of military operations requires an intellectually rigorous, clearly articulated and empirically-based framework of understanding that gives advantage to a country’s Armed Forces, and its likely partners, in the management of conflict. This common basis of understanding is provided by doctrine. UK doctrine is, as far as practicable and sensible, consistent with that of NATO. The development of national doctrine addresses those areas not covered adequately by NATO; it also influences the evolution of NATO doctrine in accordance with national thinking and experience. Endorsed national doctrine is promulgated formally in Joint Doctrine Publications (JDPs).2 From time to time, Interim Joint Doctrine Publications (IJDPs) are published, caveated to indicate the need for their subsequent revision to reflect anticipated changes in relevant policy or legislation, or future lessons arising out of operations. Urgent requirements for doctrine are addressed in Joint Doctrine Notes (JDNs). JDNs do not represent an agreed or fully staffed position, but are raised in short order by the Development, Concepts and Doctrine Centre (DCDC) to establish and disseminate current best practice. They also establish the basis for further development and experimentation and provide a doctrinal basis for operations and exercises. Details of the Joint Doctrine development process and the associated hierarchy of JDPs are to be found in the Joint Doctrine Development Handbook. 2 Formerly named Joint Warfare Publications (JWPs). iii 2nd Edition JDP 02 RECORD OF AMENDMENTS Amendment No Date of Insertion Initials iv 2nd Edition JDP 02 PREFACE Background 1. A core responsibility of any Government is the security of its sovereign territory and population. In the United Kingdom (UK), there is a distinction between the defence of the UK against military threats and UK civil protection3 as established in statute by the Civil Contingencies Act 2004 and enabled through the cross- Government Department and Inter-Agency Integrated Emergency Management (IEM) approach.4 2. All military operations undertaken within the UK fall under the generic title of United Kingdom Operations (UK Ops). This designation includes the Defence contribution to resilience,5 which is provided at the specific request of the civil authorities, is subject to civil primacy and requires the authorisation of Defence Ministers. Scope 3. This publication addresses those UK Ops that rely on close civil/military cooperation. UK Ops activity includes: Military Aid to the Civil Authorities (MACA),6 Military Operations (MO) in support of the standing strategic and overseas tasks and Military Home Defence (MHD) of UK territory7 against an external military threat. Although MHD is a dormant UK operation, details have been included to reflect its close association with both MACA and the Standing Home Commitment (SHC) military tasks. Purpose 4. This publication informs a broad civil and military readership (see paragraph 5) and, therefore, avoids overuse of military language and terminology. Its purpose is to provide: a. Guidance on the nature, planning, Command and Control (C2) and conduct of MACA and MO. 3 Preparedness to deal with a wide range of emergencies from localised flooding to terrorist attack, ‘Emergency Preparedness’ HM Government 2005. 4 The Integrated approach to emergency management is covered in detail at Chapter 8. 5 The ability of the community services area or infrastructure to withstand the consequences of an incident. It should be noted that in military terminology resilience is defined as, ‘the degree to which people and capabilities will be able to withstand, or recover quickly from, difficult situations. Wherever possible, capabilities, systems and munitions that have utility across a range of activities, high levels of reliability and robustness should be procured’. 6 With the exception of Military Aid to the Civil Power in Northern Ireland. 7 HMG has defence responsibilities for the Isle of Man and Channel Islands, although, as British crown dependencies, they are not technically part of the UK. v 2nd Edition JDP 02 b. An overview of Government policy regarding the management of emergencies and the IEM system. c. An outline of the various civil agencies’ responsibilities, command arrangements and capabilities. d. Details of the legal and constitutional basis for MACA provision and associated procedures. 5. Target Readership. This document is aimed at: a. Military. The staffs of the Directorate of Counter Terrorism and United Kingdom Operations (D CT & UK Ops) and supporting Directorates within the Ministry of Defence (MOD), Front Line Commands, UK Standing Joint Commander (SJC(UK)), formation and unit commanders and Regional Liaison Officers, at all levels, of all 3 Services (including Reserves), and staffs within Defence Equipment and Support (DE & S), the Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (DSTL) and the Atomic Weapons Establishment (AWE); all of who hold UK Ops responsibilities. b. Civil. The Cabinet Office’s Civil Contingencies Secretariat (CCS), Other Government Departments (OGDs), the Devolved Administrations, local and regional authorities, Category 1 and Category 2 responders,8 and other personnel involved in maintaining and enhancing the resilience of the UK. Structure 6. This 2nd edition of JDP 02 includes extensive revision of Chapters 8 and 9 to incorporate the Civil Contingencies Act 2004, with its regulations and guidance. It provides more detail on the arrangements within Devolved Administrations and English regions. The publication is presented in 2 parts and 10 Chapters: a. Part 1 covers MACA policy, military capabilities, C2 arrangements, planning processes and training policy. Chapter 1 lays out the strategic context for UK Ops, describes the relevant Military Tasks (MT) and provides linkages to MACA, MO and MHD. Chapter 2 outlines the policy for MACA, MO and MHD, the supporting military C2 hierarchy, the Armed Forces’ preparations to respond to emergencies, and relevant military capabilities. Chapters 3, 4 and 5 cover Military Aid to other Government Departments (MAGD), Military Aid to the Civil Power (MACP) and Military Aid to the Civil Community (MACC) respectively, while Chapter 6 links the preceding information by describing the 8 See Chapter 8 (Table 8.1). vi 2nd Edition JDP 02 planning process that identifies whether the Armed Forces are able to contribute to the performance of a particular task, and how that contribution would be made. Chapter 7 deals with integrated exercise planning and operational training. b. Part 2 focuses on parallel civil organisations, capabilities and procedures, identifying where and how assigned military capabilities can be integrated during an emergency response. Chapter 8 describes the Government’s resilience arrangements and IEM at central, devolved, regional and local levels in some detail. Chapter 9 covers the organisation of the main civil agencies