The Kukri 2008
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Nuisance Insects and Climate Change
www.defra.gov.uk Nuisance Insects and Climate Change March 2009 Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Nobel House 17 Smith Square London SW1P 3JR Tel: 020 7238 6000 Website: www.defra.gov.uk © Queen's Printer and Controller of HMSO 2007 This publication is value added. If you wish to re-use this material, please apply for a Click-Use Licence for value added material at http://www.opsi.gov.uk/click-use/value-added-licence- information/index.htm. Alternatively applications can be sent to Office of Public Sector Information, Information Policy Team, St Clements House, 2-16 Colegate, Norwich NR3 1BQ; Fax: +44 (0)1603 723000; email: [email protected] Information about this publication and further copies are available from: Local Environment Protection Defra Nobel House Area 2A 17 Smith Square London SW1P 3JR Email: [email protected] This document is also available on the Defra website and has been prepared by Centre of Ecology and Hydrology. Published by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs 2 An Investigation into the Potential for New and Existing Species of Insect with the Potential to Cause Statutory Nuisance to Occur in the UK as a Result of Current and Predicted Climate Change Roy, H.E.1, Beckmann, B.C.1, Comont, R.F.1, Hails, R.S.1, Harrington, R.2, Medlock, J.3, Purse, B.1, Shortall, C.R.2 1Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, 2Rothamsted Research, 3Health Protection Agency March 2009 3 Contents Summary 5 1.0 Background 6 1.1 Consortium to perform the work 7 1.2 Objectives 7 2.0 -
Tools for Measurement of Resilience in Nepal
DELIVERED THROUGH TH E EXPERT ADVISORY CA LL- DOWN SERVICE (EAC D S) L O T B : STRENGTHENING RESILIENCE AND RESPONSE TO CRISES TOOLS FOR MEASUREMENT OF RESILIENCE IN NEPAL LITERATURE REVIEW NICK BROOKS, DAMIEN FAGET & PETER HEIJKOOP March 2019 IMPLEMENTING PARTNER S SERVICE IMPLEMENTATI O N B Y GARAMA 3C LTD & IMC WORLDWIDE A DAI CONSORTIUM EXPERT ADVISORY CALL DOWN SERVICE – L O T B STRENGTHENING RESILIENCE AND RESPONSE TO CRISES THE SERVICE Through the Lot B: Resilience service, DAI offers rapid response, high quality support to UK Government and other donors, across a wide range of development and humanitarian challenges. We offer support for risk informed design for development interventions across all sectors; risk and contingency financing; understanding changing systems; and strategic integration of humanitarian action and development. We offer a clear process for users that draws upon a well-established network of relevant expertise provided through over 60 consortium partners. We are able to build strong practical partnerships for rapid and responsive delivery through: A dedicated, easy-to-access Secretariat to manage new enquiries and assure delivery Consistent end-to-end quality assurance A user friendly, customer-oriented outlook A pro-active approach to knowledge sharing and communication A focus on due diligence, efficiency and cost effectiveness. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS AND DISCLAIMER This document has been produced by Garama 3C Ltd and IMC Worldwide with the assistance of the [name of Funding Organisation] contracted through the EACDS Lot B service ‘Strengthening resilience and response to crises’, managed by DAI Europe Ltd. under contract to the UK Department for International Development (DFID). -
Culture and Combat in the Colonies: the Indian Army in the Second World War
Journal of Contemporary History Copyright © 2006 SAGE Publications, London, Thousand Oaks, CA and New Delhi, Vol 41(2), 325–355. ISSN 0022–0094. DOI: 10.1177/0022009406062071 Tarak Barkawi Culture and Combat in the Colonies: The Indian Army in the Second World War Military history is a Eurocentric discipline, as Jeremy Black observes.1 So too is military sociology. They are Eurocentric in the straightforward sense that their subject matter overwhelmingly concerns the militaries and wars of European, and latterly Western, states. One response is to enquire into non-Western mili- tary experience as well as the expansion of Western military systems into the non-European world and the hybrid forms that resulted, as for example in the excellent social histories of colonial armies now available.2 But military history and military sociology are Eurocentric in a more significant sense. Categories and assumptions are derived from European histories. Debate over the sources and nature of combat motivation and battlefield conduct, for example, takes place almost entirely on Western terrain, and in no small measure concerns the armed forces of a single power in the second world war — Germany. Non- Western military histories can play an important role in enquiry into why and how soldiers fight. They can critically interrogate the terms of the debate through comparison and contrast, providing new perspective on what is, after all, parochial European experience.3 Some of the insights offered by this ‘post- colonial turn’ are found at the intersection of the British Indian army and questions of combat motivation and the sources of battlefield conduct. -
Unlocking NATO's Amphibious Potential
November 2020 Perspective EXPERT INSIGHTS ON A TIMELY POLICY ISSUE J.D. WILLIAMS, GENE GERMANOVICH, STEPHEN WEBBER, GABRIELLE TARINI Unlocking NATO’s Amphibious Potential Lessons from the Past, Insights for the Future orth Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) members maintain amphibious capabilities that provide versatile and responsive forces for crisis response and national defense. These forces are routinely employed in maritime Nsecurity, noncombatant evacuation operations (NEO), counterterrorism, stability operations, and other missions. In addition to U.S. Marine Corps (USMC) and U.S. Navy forces, the Alliance’s amphibious forces include large ships and associated landing forces from five nations: France, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain, and the United Kingdom (UK). Each of these European allies—soon to be joined by Turkey—can conduct brigade-level operations, and smaller elements typically are held at high readiness for immediate response.1 These forces have been busy. Recent exercises and operations have spanned the littorals of West and North Africa, the Levant, the Gulf of Aden and Arabian Sea, the Caribbean, and the Pacific. Given NATO’s ongoing concerns over Russia’s military posture and malign behavior, allies with amphibious capabilities have also been exploring how these forces could contribute to deterrence or, if needed, be employed as part of a C O R P O R A T I O N combined and joint force in a conflict against a highly some respects, NATO’s ongoing efforts harken back to the capable nation-state. Since 2018, NATO’s headquarters Cold War, when NATO’s amphibious forces routinely exer- and various commands have undertaken initiatives and cised in the Mediterranean and North Atlantic as part of a convened working groups to advance the political intent broader strategy to deter Soviet aggression. -
History of the Gurkhas
Sheet 2 History of the Gurkhas Gurkhas have been part of the British Army for almost 200 years, but who are these brave fighters? Gurkhas are people from Nepal. According to a legend, they got their name from a warrior saint, Guru Gorkhanath, who lived 1200 years ago. He had predicted that his people would become world famous for their bravery. The word Gurkha also comes from the name of a city, Gorkha, in western Nepal. Britain tried to invade Nepal when it was trying to conquer the northern parts of India. The British soldiers had fine rifles whilst the Ghurkas were armed only with their traditional knives called Kukris. But the Nepali soldiers were such courageous and clever fighters that the British soldiers could not defeat them, After six months of fighting, Britain decided to make peace with Nepal. The British army began to recruit Gurkha soldiers because they wanted them to fight on their side. Since that day, the Ghurkas have fought alongside British troops in every battle across the world. Nepal became a strong ally of Britain. One hundred thousand Gurkhas fought in the First World War. They fought and died in the battlefields of France in the Loos, Givenchy, Neuve Chapelle and Ypres as well as many other countries. Again the whole of the Nepali army fought for Britain during the Second World War. There were 250,000 Gurkha in total. The were used by the British to put down revolts in India. Gurkhas fought in Syria, North Africa, Italy, Greece and against the Japanese in Singapore and in the jungles of Burma. -
Nepal, November 2005
Library of Congress – Federal Research Division Country Profile: Nepal, November 2005 COUNTRY PROFILE: NEPAL November 2005 COUNTRY Formal Name: Kingdom of Nepal (“Nepal Adhirajya” in Nepali). Short Form: Nepal. Term for Citizen(s): Nepalese. Click to Enlarge Image Capital: Kathmandu. Major Cities: According to the 2001 census, only Kathmandu had a population of more than 500,000. The only other cities with more than 100,000 inhabitants were Biratnagar, Birgunj, Lalitpur, and Pokhara. Independence: In 1768 Prithvi Narayan Shah unified a number of states in the Kathmandu Valley under the Kingdom of Gorkha. Nepal recognizes National Unity Day (January 11) to commemorate this achievement. Public Holidays: Numerous holidays and religious festivals are observed in particular regions and by particular religions. Holiday dates also may vary by year and locality as a result of the multiple calendars in use—including two solar and three lunar calendars—and different astrological calculations by religious authorities. In fact, holidays may not be observed if religious authorities deem the date to be inauspicious for a specific year. The following holidays are observed nationwide: Sahid Diwash (Martyrs’ Day; movable date in January); National Unity Day and birthday of Prithvi Narayan Shah (January 11); Maha Shiva Ratri (Great Shiva’s Night, movable date in February or March); Rashtriya Prajatantra Diwash (National Democracy Day, movable date in February); Falgu Purnima, or Holi (movable date in February or March); Ram Nawami (Rama’s Birthday, movable date in March or April); Nepali New Year (movable date in April); Buddha’s Birthday (movable date in April or May); King Gyanendra’s Birthday (July 7); Janai Purnima (Sacred Thread Ceremony, movable date in August); Children’s Day (movable date in August); Dashain (Durga Puja Festival, movable set of five days over a 15-day period in September or October); Diwali/Tihar (Festival of Lights and Laxmi Puja, movable set of five days in October); and Sambhidhan Diwash (Constitution Day, movable date in November). -
The Tissue Tropisms and Transstadial Transmission of a Rickettsia
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.23.166496; this version posted June 23, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC 4.0 International license. 1 The Tissue Tropisms and Transstadial Transmission of a Rickettsia 2 Endosymbiont in the Highland Midge, Culicoides impunctatus 3 (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) 4 5 Jack Pilgrim1#, Stefanos Siozios1, Matthew Baylis1,2, Gregory D. D. Hurst1 6 7 1. Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, Faculty of Health and 8 Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K. 9 2. Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Liverpool, 10 U.K. 11 12 #Address correspondence to Jack Pilgrim, [email protected] 13 14 Running Title: Tropism of Rickettsia in Culicoides impunctatus 15 16 17 18 19 20 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.23.166496; this version posted June 23, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC 4.0 International license. 21 Declarations 22 23 Acknowledgments: We would like to thank Dr. Ewa Chrostek for kindly providing 24 comments on the manuscript. We also thank Charlie Winstanley, Matthew Palmer 25 and Lukasz Lukomski for their support with the collection of midge samples. -
APN Science Bulletin Asia-Pacific Network for Global Change Research Issue 5 | March 2015
APN Science Bulletin Asia-Pacific Network for Global Change Research Issue 5 | March 2015 Asia-Pacific Network for Global Change Research The Impact of Spatial Parameters on Carbon Building Local Government Capacity to Dioxide (CO2) Emissions: A Comparative Account for GHG Emissions: The Case of Study between Cities in China and India Phitsanulok Municipality, Thailand Predictability of Seasonal Rainfall, Monsoon Climate Change Downscaling Approaches Onset and Duration in Indonesia, Philippines and Applications Training Programme and Bangladesh Climate Change Impact Assessment on Water Process for Integrating Local and Indigenous and Agriculture in Cambodia as Part of the Knowledge Related to Hydro-Meteorological Water-Climate-Agriculture Workbench Hazards with Science: Experiences from Coastal and Small Island Communities in Earth System Governance: Local Cases, Southeast Asia Global Options Critical Analysis of Effectiveness of REDD+ Assessing Bio-Economic Potential of Enteromorpha instestinalis for Forest Communities and Shifting for Sustainable Aqua- Cultivation based on Lessons Learnt from Farming in Climate Vulnerable Coastal Areas Conservation Efforts in Laos and Thailand of Indian Sundarbans Developing Community-Based Forest Youth Engagement on Global Change: Monitoring Systems through Action Research Cultivating the Next Generation of Sustainability Leaders Global Environmental Change Global Environmental www.apn-gcr.org Scientific Planning Group Executive Editors: Dr. Jariya Boonjawat, SPG Member for Thailand and SPG Co-Chair Dr. Luis Tupas, SPG Member for the United States of America and SPG Co-Chair Managing Editor: Dr. Linda Anne Stevenson, Head of Communication and Scientific Affairs, APN Secretariat Editorial Advisory Committee: Dr. Punyasloke Bhadury Mr. Jeff Birchall Dr. Wynn Nguyen Cam Dr. Rafiqul Islam Dr. S. -
Contextualizing Military Necessity
Emory International Law Review Volume 27 Issue 1 2013 Contextualizing Military Necessity Nobuo Hayashi Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.law.emory.edu/eilr Recommended Citation Nobuo Hayashi, Contextualizing Military Necessity, 27 Emory Int'l L. Rev. 189 (2013). Available at: https://scholarlycommons.law.emory.edu/eilr/vol27/iss1/6 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at Emory Law Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Emory International Law Review by an authorized editor of Emory Law Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. HAYASHI GALLEYSPROOFS2 7/16/2013 10:26 AM CONTEXTUALIZING MILITARY NECESSITY ∗ Nobuo Hayashi ABSTRACT Modern theories correctly reject the Kriegsräson doctrine, according to which the laws of war do not override the necessities of war and it is rather the latter that override the former. One such theory holds that unqualified rules of international humanitarian law (“IHL”) exclude military necessity being invoked de novo as a ground for deviation therefrom, yet not as a ground for additional restraint thereon. This theory—let us call it “counter- Kriegsräson”—is unacceptable for two reasons. First, in none of the three pertinent contexts does military necessity restrict or prohibit militarily unnecessary conduct per se. Seen in a strictly material context of war-fighting, military necessity merely embodies a truism that it is in one’s strategic self- interest to pursue what is materially conducive to success and that it is similarly in one’s strategic self-interest to avoid what is not so conducive. -
Constructing a Gurkha Diaspora
Ethnic and Racial Studies ISSN: 0141-9870 (Print) 1466-4356 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/rers20 Migrant warriors and transnational lives: constructing a Gurkha diaspora Kelvin E. Y. Low To cite this article: Kelvin E. Y. Low (2015): Migrant warriors and transnational lives: constructing a Gurkha diaspora, Ethnic and Racial Studies, DOI: 10.1080/01419870.2015.1080377 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2015.1080377 Published online: 23 Sep 2015. Submit your article to this journal View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=rers20 Download by: [NUS National University of Singapore] Date: 24 September 2015, At: 00:24 ETHNIC AND RACIAL STUDIES, 2015 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2015.1080377 Migrant warriors and transnational lives: constructing a Gurkha diaspora Kelvin E. Y. Low Department of Sociology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore ABSTRACT The Nepalese Gurkhas have often been regarded as brave warriors in the scheme of British military recruitment since the 1800s. Today, their descendants have settled in various parts of South East and South Asia. How can one conceive of a Gurkha diaspora, and what are the Gurkhas and their families’ experiences of belonging in relation to varied migratory routes? This paper locates Gurkhas as migrants by deliberating upon the connection between military service and migration paths. I employ the lens of methodological transnationalism to elucidate how the Gurkha diaspora is both constructed and experienced. Diasporic consciousness and formation undergo modification alongside subsequent cycles of migration for different members of a diaspora. -
Sunset for the Royal Marines? the Royal Marines and UK Amphibious Capability
House of Commons Defence Committee Sunset for the Royal Marines? The Royal Marines and UK amphibious capability Third Report of Session 2017–19 Report, together with formal minutes relating to the report Ordered by the House of Commons to be printed 30 January 2018 HC 622 Published on 4 February 2018 by authority of the House of Commons The Defence Committee The Defence Committee is appointed by the House of Commons to examine the expenditure, administration, and policy of the Ministry of Defence and its associated public bodies. Current membership Rt Hon Dr Julian Lewis MP (Conservative, New Forest East) (Chair) Leo Docherty MP (Conservative, Aldershot) Martin Docherty-Hughes MP (Scottish National Party, West Dunbartonshire) Rt Hon Mark Francois MP (Conservative, Rayleigh and Wickford) Graham P Jones MP (Labour, Hyndburn) Johnny Mercer MP (Conservative, Plymouth, Moor View) Mrs Madeleine Moon MP (Labour, Bridgend) Gavin Robinson MP (Democratic Unionist Party, Belfast East) Ruth Smeeth MP (Labour, Stoke-on-Trent North) Rt Hon John Spellar MP (Labour, Warley) Phil Wilson MP (Labour, Sedgefield) Powers The committee is one of the departmental select committees, the powers of which are set out in House of Commons Standing Orders, principally in SO No 152. These are available on the Internet via www.parliament.uk. Publications Committee reports are published on the Committee’s website at www.parliament.uk/defcom and in print by Order of the House. Evidence relating to this report is published on the inquiry page of the Committee’s website. Committee staff Mark Etherton (Clerk), Dr Adam Evans (Second Clerk), Martin Chong, David Nicholas, Eleanor Scarnell, and Ian Thomson (Committee Specialists), Sarah Williams (Senior Committee Assistant), and Carolyn Bowes and Arvind Gunnoo (Committee Assistants). -
Military Structures – a Background Note
1 Military Structures – A Background Note The army or navy unit in which a man served is stated in his biography. The following ranks are found among our Amersham servicemen: Officers: sub-lieutenant; lieutenant; second lieutenant. Other ranks: company sergeant major; sergeant; corporal; bombardier; lance corporal; guardsman; private; trooper; sapper; gunner; rifleman; driver; able seaman. Our men served in many different units. Naturally, more served in the county infantry regiment – the Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry (OBLI) – than in any other military formation. Some were in specialised formations or corps such as artillery and engineers. Many of our Amersham men served in more than one unit. Transfers from one to another were made for many reasons, including promotions. Casualties were so numerous that some regiments and battalions virtually ceased to exist and survivors were transferred to other units. Some new battalions were created with men from battalions which were no longer large enough to continue as separate fighting forces. A few of our men were regular soldiers or in the reserves, e.g. Thomas George Irons and William John Slade both joined the 1st Battalion OBLI in around 1909. At the outbreak of the war the British Army was composed entirely of regular, volunteer soldiers: there were no conscripts as there were in the armies and reserves of most continental countries. The Territorial Force (TF) was composed largely of men who had served some years full-time in the army. The so-called ‘First Line’ units were men who had undertaken a commitment to serve abroad. In the ‘Second Line’ units no such commitment had been given; however, when in 1916 conscription was brought in by law, all men were deemed to have agreed to serve outside the UK.