’ KING S B RIDGE .

a n t intermediate one , having their axes parallel wi h o f N e w the Palisades Jersey , and a direction north 1 f northeast . . Spuyten Duyvil Ridge , rom Yonkers

v w th e city l ine to Spuyten Duy il Creek , an d bet een ’ 1 n Hudson o the west an d Tippett s Brook on th e east . 2 u - f Greatest el evation , two h ndred and eighty two eet , f 2 o n o . . lan d Frederick Goodridge , Riverdale Valen ’ s f lVest tine Ridge , rom Yonkers l ine to Farms l ine , 3 ’ and between the Bronx on the east and Ti ppett s

Brook on the west . Greatest el evation , two hundred f l l f Voo d aw n . V a n 3 . an d orty eet , near Heights

o r tla n dt f C Ridge , i ntermediate , rom Yo nkers l ine to ’ a on a V ult Hill , between Tippett s Brook the e st and v its main branch on the west . Greatest el e ation , two

f . hundred eet , n ear Yonkers city l ine ’ s Tippett s Brook , the m ai n stream , rises in Yonker , flows southwesterly unt il it forms Van Co rtla n d t ‘ w Lake , belo wh ich it is a tidal stream to its outlet into v Spuyten Duy il Creek . About twenty l esser brooks , varying in length from five hundred to te n thousand ’ f p eet , flow into the Hudson , the Bronx and Ti pett s

Brook . f The geological ormations are very ancient , consist

1 G a n r a n d So called after eorge Tippett , early settler and prop ietor, of ‘ ' b ilt s Mosho lu late corrupted into Tib Brook . Its Indian name was It

d r r e has also been known as M l C eek and Yonke s Ri v r . 2 The highest ground within the limits of N e w York City . The eleva s t w o tion of Fort Wa hington , the greatest on Manhattan Island , is hun

- dred and sixty four feet . 3 S o called after Jonas Bronck , the earliest white settler and proprietor ’ ” ' - W w B ronck s r a r cl N e . of Land , now Morrisania , Twenty thi d , York 4 A n Cor tland t ir u m 1700 artificial pond , formed by Jacobus Van , c c , b ’ dammi ng Tippett s Brook . ’ K ING S BRIDGE .

1 in o f f g mainly micaceous gneiss or gran ite , the ormer

- n f in di a t l argely preponderati g , the exposed sur aces c ing subj ection to intense heat and pressure , with so great d t a isplacem en t tha the strat are nearly vertical , out u le d es n ot cropping in numero s parall el g , continuous ,

en echelon b but , and giving steep incl ination to ill 2 A of sides . coarse, crystallized limestone varying

- o u t hardness , ranging about north northeast, crops at ’ King s Bri dge an d on th e Whiting and D elafi eld

. On d estates , Spuyten Duyvil Ridge the latter ri ge the surface o f the primary rocks is strewn with trap boulders . — 1 DISCOVE RY . Th e earliest known visitor to this 0 c alit n y was Henry Hudson . Goi g up the river which bears his name , he skirted its westerly shore Septem

1 3 1609 a n d h is c ber , , , on return , was attack ed , O

2d f S hor a c/c- K o oc/r o f tober , rom p p , the Indian nam e 3 u S puyten D yvil Poi nt, and the kill or creek at its bas e . — of INDIANS . Th e Indian nam e this section was ’ ” W ecle u a eslreek - — an d q , the birch bark country , its

' res id ents were known to the first settl ers as W ic/le'r s

’ 1 - 1750 A tfor d iu g b uilding stone of fine quality . Before quarries of k th e broken stone were wor ed on Spuyten Duyvil Ridge , whole ex tent of which is scarred by them . The large quarries at Spuyten Duyvil P 1 8 oint were worked until about 50 . ’ 2 r a Known as K ing s B idge M rble . It was extensively quarried early i n

r P the century on the no therly end of Manhattan Island . erkins Nich “ ’ olls h ad a marble - sawing mill at D y c k m a n s Cut (which was ex ca vat ed fl ow to supply power to this mill by the ebb and of the tide) , and ’

. On another at the King s Bridge the banks of the Hudson , along the m base of Spuyten Duyvil Ridge , were several kilns for making li e from this stone , all of which have been disused for many years . 3 According to tradition , the natives had a castle or stronghold on th e poi nt . ’ KI NG S BRIDGE .

/c I n cr ee . Indians person they were tolerably stout .

Their hair was worn shorn to a coxcomb on top , with lo ok S a long depending on one ide . They wore bea fur in ver and other skins , with the inside winter and m o f f outside in sum er, and also coats turkey eathers .

They were valiant warriors . Yea , says De Vries , they say they are Ma netto— the devil himsel f " n of Their leading sachems, at the adve t white set t lers Te uem et Rech aw a c Pa cka mien s f , were q , g and , rom u f A u whom the D tch director , Kie t, purchased , i n u 16 39 g st, , the tract This tribe gradually w d indled , until its remnant finally disappeared b e f o f t he ore the end eighteenth century . — FI RST SETT LE ME N T . The earliest white resident

A d ra i n a n D n k . e o c u r i3 and proprietor was Dr V der , j t r f f u tr iu s ue d oc o o . ff o q , Leyden He had been sheri o f Re n ss lae rsw c k 1 4 1 the Colonie e y since 6 . Having aided Director Kieft in negotiating an important I n a t t b dian treaty For Orange , Al any , the latter 1645 e granted him , in , a large tract on the N p 1 er h a em - p River, Yonkers , where he built a saw mill , laid out farms and plantations and had actually r e sol ved to continue . But that indispensabl e requi I o f a f w as . n site Dutch arm , salt meadow , lacking S o f f earch this , Van der Donck ound , about a mile ’ w a din - la ce abov e the g p (King s Bridge ) a flat, with b e some convenient m eadows about it, which promptly secured by purc hase from the Indians and f f f t in a urther grant rom Ki e t . His n ew acquisi ion f cl uded the area under consideration , extending rom

1 “ h m Hence the name of Saw Kill , by whic this strea became known . K I N ’ G S BRIDGE .

f the Hudson to the Bronx , and rom the Spuyten Duy vil Creek to the N epp erh aem tract . Here he located

bower ie - f - fi eld his , or home arm , with its planting , and near the l atter he had already begun th e erection o f f 1649 his house , be ore going to Holland , in , as the representative o f the commonal ty of New Amster ’ D on ck s - fi eld dam . Van der planting was on th e or of Cortla n dt b e plain flat the Van estate, lying

' th e r esen t l tween Broadway and p ake . an d extending ’ f 1 up to the southerly end o Vaul t Hill . It is prob ou an d loc ated abl e that his house was the flat , f , per

w o f Cor tla n d t haps , here the old house Jacobus Van f f 2 a terwards stood until the early part o this centu ry . ’ D o nc k s Whil e absent in Holland , Van der lands were erected into the fi ef or Colonie o f Nepper f (Jolen haem (or, as he called it a ter his own name , d onclc ) , an d h e was m ade its patroon . Pursuant to ” th e Freedoms an d Exemptions , h e sent out to it, f o f S o f rom Holland , a number colonists with uppl ies 1652 farming stock and impl ements . In he was about to return to his colonie , and had already embarked h is w f i e, mother , brother and sister , with an ampl e of w th e stock goods , h en West India Company pre fi” vented his d ep a r tu r e During his detention he got

1 It m ay have also stretched eastward across the brook and beyond the site of the present lake . 2 l Its site was just behind the present grove of ocusts, north of the Van

Cortla n d t Mills . 3 V an der Donck had so well a c complished his mission on behalf of th e oppressed commonalty as to procure from the S tates G eneral their mandate , recalling Stuyvesant to Holland , of which he was made the b th e bearer . But the States eing on eve of war with England , and need s "V ing the assi tance of the rich and powerful est India Company , the ’ latter was enabled to not only procure the revocation of Stuyvesant s r e ~ call , but to detai n its bearer in Holland . ’ KI NG S BRIDGE .

” word that some land - greedy persons were squat ting ou his lands . He appealed to the company to ” protect his possession o f the fl at and meadows ; also f r o l eave to return to th em , which was withheld until o f fo r w 16 53 . In the summer that year he sailed Nieu in Neth erland , arrivi ng the autumn , and repaired to

w r d b e ie . his o He did not long survive his return , y - 1 o f ing in 1651 or 655 . The latter was the year the a all Indian mass cre , when the surviving settlers about

Nieu w Amsterdam fled to the fort fo r protection . It ’ is p robable that Van der D o n ck s b ow er ie was de I n ser ted and destroyed . August, Stuyvesant granted to a Cornelis Van der Donck a parcel of about fifty o f morgens , on the north side Manhattan Island , by

Mu scoote a ntler s een the savages called , or a flat ( and as much m eado w or hay land as was f given to other boweries . This may have re erred to ’ D onck s b ow e rie f u the late Dr . Van der , but no rther mention has bee n found of the grantee or his connec tion with this tract . After the patroon ’s death his widow joined her “ i f . ather , the Rev Francis Doughty , in th e V rgin ” ’ f o f O N eale of ias , where she becam e the wi e Hugh ,

Patuxent , Maryland .

The province had passed under Engl ish rul e , and nearl y ten years had elapsed since the death o f her ’ f M rs N eale first husband b e ore . O took any steps to 21st o f reclaim the Yonkers estate . On the Septem ’ 1 666 O N eale f ber , , she and went b e ore Governor h is Nicoll and Council , accompanied by several In f dians , who had ormerly own ed the l ands . The l atter made acknowl edgment o f their sales to the late pa 6 ‘ KI NG S B RIDGE .

1 8th o f o f troon , and on the October a grant the whol e ’ al f estate was m ade to O N e e and wi e . On the 30th

o f they assigned their patent to Elias Doughty , ’ N al L I o f . O e e i . Flushing , , a brother Mrs , probably fo r o f u n of convenience sal e , on acco t their residing at a distance . The first to purch ase from Doughty was John

A r r as Ja n oe S . w as Archer , or , he igned his name He

o f J an A a rsen f N ie u wh off w h o w as the son , rom , nick

K oo - a l - th e named by the Dutch p (buy all) , and son

- l w as a . h ad known as Jan Koop , the younger He long resided at Oost Dor p (now Westchester) . In 1667 March and September , , he bought about one hundred and twenty acres o f upland and thirty acres “ ” n th - o f e . u m eadow , ear wading pl ace On the p lan d u st f Pa a r in a m in , j across the meadow rom p , he f f th ounded the village o Fordham . It had e c ou n te “ o f n ance an d protection the Governor , being in a “ for f o f a convenient pl ace th e rel ie str ngers, it being

for fr o the road passengers to go to and the main e , as wel l as fo r mutual intercourse with the neighbor ” o f ing colony . The village consisted about a dozen ’ s o f hou es in an extended l ine , along the base Tetard s

VV estc h st r Hill , crossed at th e middle by the ol d e e ” th e path (Albany post road) , l eading up over hill w o f to ards Connecticut . No traces these old habita

a l tions remain . Two years l ater Archer acquired l

1 “ Of . m a certai n parcel of land upon the aine , not farre from West ” m e Yo u n c k er s chester, com only called y Land . They declared its bounds “ b M ac aokesi n e N e er a n to e from a place called at y north , so to come to p

nd e S or u a M a sk ta Pa er enem an 8 a to y Kill q pp , then to o and pp to y south and crosse y e c o u n trey to ye eas tward of B ro nc k x h is River and ” Land . ’ K I N G S B RI DGE .

d th e l and southerly to High Bri ge , lying between th e

Harlem and Bronx , which was erected into his Man or 16 1 o f o f Fordham in 7 . The north line this ancient f manor rom the Harl em to the Bronx , being the south ’ l o f O N e a le o f l ine the patent , became one th e south f f ’ erly boundaries o the town o King s Bridge . Archer lived and rul ed at Fordham in frequent contention with his tenants and neighbors until his death , i n

16 4 r e - 1 673—74 8 . During the Dutch occupation , i n ,

his government was suspended , an d the inhabitants o f Fordham nominated their own magist rates but on o f the return the English , in the l atter y ear, Archer 1 6 9 ff f resumed his sway . In 7 he was Sh eri o New

h is h ea vrl York . At death the m anor was so y mort a S teen w c k g ged to the weal thy Dutchman , Cornelis y , ’ S tee n w c k s that his heirs could not redeem it . By y will it was devised to th e “ Nether Dutch Reform ed ” fo r of Congregation . in New York , the support their

m inister .

1 Notwithstanding the patent for the Man or of Fordham recited that it ’ ‘ was part of the la n d granted i n the Grand Pa tent to Hugh O N ea e w b A Mary , his ife also that purchase was made thereof y John rcher

w as as a ls o th e from Elyas Doughty , who i nvested in their interest, o f

I nd a rr Pr i rs &c . b b y op r eto , , it is impossi le , y any i nterpretation of the ‘ b o u nd a r res in the O N e ale Patent to make them extend b elow the north

d a n u line of the manor . There is no recor of y deed from Do ghty to A A rcher of land south of that line . The writer is of opinion that rcher , ] conniving with the Governor or Secretary Nicol , advanced this claim ’ D o n ck s of title through Van der successors, i n order to forestall claims t b o th e r w rse S to the trac which might have een established . uch claims were preferred early in the following century by Qu inrb y against the b 1750 b b Dutch Church , which then owned it, and a out a rief on ehalf of the church in an ejectment suit sets out with a recital of a cop y of an

d e A u nr ecor d deed from Doughty to rcher, on which , however , counsel A ’ was not instructed to rely . The only proper basis of rcher s title was ” nd v n his purchase from the I a Proprietors . 8 ’ KING S B RIDGE .

-in - William Betts and George Tipp ett, his son law , f 6 next purchased rom Doughty (deed , July , f about two thousand acres , exten ding across rom the ” o f Hudson to. the Bronx , south an east and west lin e “ ’ which went along the north side of Van d er D on ck s ” - fi l pl anting e d . This line struck the Hudson about ’ f of an d three hundred eet south Thorn s dock , the Bronx about five hundred feet south of the Yonkers of city line , and the purchase included all south it , ex c e t in Pa arinamin for p g p , which Tippett received a sep “ f ” “ arate deed o gi ft from Doughty . It included that ’ piece where formerly the ol d Van der D on c k s house ” stood , and what are now Spuyten Duyvil , Hudson ’ a Mosh olu Cor tla n d t s Olaff VVood P rk , , Van , Park , l awn Heights an d Woodlawn Cemetery . Betts and f Tippett obtained rom Governor Lovelace , February 20 1 67 1 , , a paten t which contained a proviso that it

‘ should no way prejudice the New towne o f fi or d h am en , nor what had be done by his order towards its settl ement . w as an Mr . Betts Englishman , and by trade a turn at I n 1635 f er . H e was Sci tuate , Mass . , our years ” a f m o f ter which he married Al ice , a aiden the Bay , w h o bore him several children . With his minister , h e Lothrop , removed to Barnstabl e , an d thence came

o . 1662 to C nnecticut In h e lived at Oost Dorp , where o f he was a magistrate by appointment Stuyvesant . He was n amed as a patentee in the English patent

f l st c h st r 166 8 fo r o V e e e . the town , granted in The same year he removed to his new pl antation in the o f Yonkers , and the n ext year became overseer the in 1675 court at Fordham . He died , survived by his f a nd wi e , Alice , sons, Samuel , Hopestill John , a 9 ’ KI NG S BRIDGE .

f of daughter , Mehitable , wi e George Tippett, and a o f grandson , John Bar rett, son a deceased daughter , o f Hannah , who had married Samuel Barrett, West of th e o f chester . Descendants name Betts con tin n ed to own portions of the ancestral acres until o f the earl y part this century .

. 1667 Mr Tippett was at Flushing in August , when he gave in his n ame to the Governor to be ready to serve his Maj esty on al l occasions . Whil e h e l ived in th e Yonkers the swi n e o f the New Harl em people used to r u n at l arge at the upper end of Manhattan

w a din Island , and sometimes straying across the g la e f c . p at low tide , ail ed to return Tippett would be charged with their detention and the whole community ’ “ - hauled into court as witnesses . Tippett s ear mark for his own swin e was said to be the cutting o f their ears so close that any other marks might b e cut off by ” 1 6 5 . 7 it Mr . Tippett died i ntestate in , survived by f f his wi e , Mehitabl e (a terward married to Lewis Vit rey and Samuel Hitchcock) , a son George , perhaps a so n wh o Henry , and a daughter Mehitabl e ( was m ar ried first to Joseph Hadley and second to John

Co n k lin of o f c ) . Descendants his name hel d portions the estate until th e Revol utionary War . ’ ” Tippett s H ill was the n ame o f Spuyten 1 Duyvil Neck during the same period , an d the princi pal stream o f the Yonkers has always been called “ ” ft r h im alth ou h a e , g corrupted into Tibbits in recent

times .

‘ ’ l K n o w n r e c e nt as B e r r ie n s after the Revolution and until y Neck ,

o nra r r ie d - — aft e r an wner who Dorcas Tippett , a great great granddaughter

of the first George . 10 ’ G G KI N S B RID E .

John Hadden 1 made the n ext purchase from o f 7 1668 n Doughty . His deed Ju ne , , a tedates that o f Betts an d Tippett , but bounds on land al ready “ a n sold to them . It conveys three parcels ggregati g a l three hundred and twenty cres , ying directly north ’ of Van der D on ck s planting - fi eld and extending across fr om th e Albany post road to the road to Mil e

Co r tla n d t th e Square . The Van estate now in cludes f F or whole o it . two hundred acres Hadden gave a hor se and for the remainder five pounds " In Decem

166 8 a w - f ber , , Betts sol d to H dden t enty our acres “ ” adj oining his house in th e old field . w as Mr . Hadden a carpenter by trade . He settled

- in - Clevin i n the Yonkers with his sons law , George g s r 1672 w as and William Smith , and in he made over

f of - in - d seer o th e vil lage Fordham . His sons l aw y

f an d r ew . e ing a years later , Mr Hadden sold out turned to Westchester, where he and his descendants were respected citizens . ’ Doughty next sold the remainder o f the O N eale “ ” n patent (excepti g Mil e Square , already disposed of D elava ll F r ed r k F l sen an d m ) to Thom as , y yp Tho as 2 t 9 1672 . o Lewis It was conveyed them November , , f D e lava ll o f Lew is F l by purchase rom , and the heirs yp

su b se u e n tl sen q v acquired their interests . The tract

1 r SS In early reco ds and M this name is sometimes written Heddy ,

Hedger, etc .

’ 2 O N eale This was probably the sale for which Mrs . received a good " s w w as b part of her payment i n hor es and mares, w ith hich she a out to e re return home into Maryland , y place of her abode but hearin g t o sh e port of a prohibition against importing horses that colony , pro a N e w cured letter to its Governor from Governor Lovelace , of York , asking a dispensation from the rigor of the late order in her c ase so as to perm it her to dispose of her hors es in Maryland to her best advantage . 11 ’ G KING S BRID E .

contained about eight thousand acres . Riverdal e ,

a o f Mount St . Vincent and a p rt Woodl awn Heights o o f are located on the s utherly part this purchase . F l sen Mr . yp was a carpenter by trade . H e came ’ to Nieuw Amsterdam in Stuyvesant s time , under an engagement with the West India Company fo r five f years , during which time he worked on the orts at 16 62 Nieuw Amsterdam and Esopus . He married , i n , of Margaret Hardenbrook , widow Peter Rudolphus de f t e u Vries, a success ul trader . Margare was also f gaged in trade , which she continued a ter this m ar r ia e f of g , going to an d rom Holl and as supercargo ” o n e o f her own vessels , in which , the Charl es , she

L a d i t f ~ u ab s s 1679 . or bro ght over the , in By her f tun e , thri t and enterprise and his exertions , Mr .

F l sen m a n yp became the richest in the col ony . f h o f 1692 A ter the deat Margaret he married , in ,

Co rtlan d t o f D er vall Catherine Van , widow John o f f S teve nszen Cor tla n dt and daughter Ola Van , by f whom he received urther additions to his wealth .

F l se n o f Mr . yp purchased other large tracts land in I n 1 693 b e Westchester County . procured the erec o f o f Ph illi sb u r h tion the whol e into the Manor p g , “ ” Pa a r in am in i n which the island p was included .

ma nor - hou se The old is now the city hall in Yonkers .

F l sen as f For twenty years Mr . yp w a m ember o the

1 02 - . 7 Council He died in , aged seventy six , survived A n n et e f o f by a son Adolphus , a daughter j , wi e Philip f o f ac ob us French , an adopted daughter Eva , wi e J

Cor tlan d t of Van , and a grandson Frederick (son his e deceased son Frederick , ) to whom he d vised the

Yonkers plantation . THE — f of FERRY . Soon a ter the village Fordham 1 2 ’ K k I N G S BRIDGE . was settled the people of New Harl em tried to divert eastern travel from the w a ding-p la ce to th e new ferry

- they had set up between New Harlem and Bronx l and . They obstructed the banks at Spuyten Duyvil 1 with f ences, but travelers threw them down and still crossed f at the ancient ord without paying toll . In the sum o f 166 9 f mer the erry was removed to Spuyten Duyvil , a nearer and more convenient passage to an d fro m ” V erveelen the island and the Maine , and Johannes f w as t was made erryman . There allo ted to his use “ o f Pa ar in am in the island or neck l and p , where he

“ was required to provide a dwell ing - house furnished with three or four good beds for the entertainment of

for strangers ; also provisions at all seasons them , their horses an d cattl e , with stabling and stalling ; also a su tIi cient and abl e boat to transport passengers , horses " and cattle on all occasions A causeway w as also

b This curious appellation , whose origin has never een satisfactorily Ma nh a t explained , seems to have been appl ied to a strip of shore on the w - th e tan Island side of the ading place , then to the crossin g itself and

creek leading therefrom to the Hudson , and finally to the neck which “ ” m a m still retains it . It means spouting devil , and y have arisen fro some peculiar up bu r'st of w a ter as th e t ide ru shed over th e reef w hich

h s m e n i u . a o sl obstructs th e channel at that point . Mr Biker g y sug gested the outpour from the guns of the Half- Moon a lso the gushing ’ spring under Cock Hill ; but the explanation in Irving s quaint and humor of ous legend the Trumpeter will ever meet with popular acceptance .

2 YE E RRYMA N — HI A TE S F S R . 8 For lodging any person , pence per night , in case they have a bed 2 with sheets and without sheets, pence in silver .

1 . For transportation of any person , penny silver m an 7 For transportation of a and horse , pence in silver .

r 6 . F o a single horse , pen ce b 2 10 For a turn with his oat , for horses, pence ; and for any more

4 . pence apiece and if they be driven over, half as much “ i . For s ngle cattle , as much as a horse 13 ’ KING S BRIDGE .

required to be built across the meadow from Paparin o f V e r veelen amin to Fordham , which was to bear one - third o f th e expense and Fordham the remain der . Archer called on Betts , Tippett and Hadden to

f u hel p h im build his share o the ca sey . They de m u r r ed r , being more i nte ested in having a bridge th e a made over Bronx to E st Chester . The dispute f wh o came be ore the Governor , decided th at Betts , Tippett and Hadden should first aid with the cause 1 way , and then th e Fordham people shoul d h el p them f w as build the bridge . For so doing the erry made l f . V e r ve e en ree to Betts , Tippett and Hadden kept the ferry m a ny years and was succeeded by his son f o f th e Daniel , who was erryman until the erection ’ King s Bridge . During the last quarte r o f the seventeenth century f the Betts , Tippett and Hadden amilies , and those i who had ntermarried with them , and th eir retainers and servants composed all the population of the Yonk m e rs outsid e of Fordham and Pap a r ina in . Their homes o f were grouped about a m ile north Fordham , where ” - they had a good and strong block house . During ’ 1775 f o f King Philip s War , in , there were ears an

I ndian outbreak in this colony . Archer summoned h im in fortifi Betts , Tippett and Hadden to aid the f f cation an d de ense o Fordham . They remonstrated

F rs . or a boat loading of cattle , as he hath for ho es e 2 e For droves of cattle to be driven over, and opening y gates, p nce p . piece . 3 For feeding of cattle , pence in silver.

or w 6 . F feeding a horse one day or night ith hay or grasse , pence 1 This causeway was on the line of th e present Mc Comb S treet 2 They probably stood in the neighborhood of the present Van Cort landt mansion . 1 4 ’ KING S BRIDGE . before Go vernor Andros that they Shoul d n ot bee bound to leave their houses and goods and to please

o f . the humours the said Mr Archer , th ereby perhaps ” to lose all what they have . Th e Governor excused f f o f them rom w ork on the de enses Fordham , but he “ warned them to b e vigilant at their own pl ace an d n keep watch upon all occasio s . ’ — THE KING S BRIDGE The in c r easin g tr avel between New York an d the Maine ” demanded a bridge i n

f f 1680 o f place o th e erry . As early as the Council ” Governor Andros h ad ordered Spiting De vil to be f viewed with re erence to a bridge there . A bill to 1 9 1 erect one was introduced in the Assembly in 6 . The n ext year Governor Fletcher recomm ended it s

o f th e m u construction by the city New York , but nic ip al authorities were deterred from the u n d ertak ” . 1693 ing by the great expense In January , , Fred F l sen ff ryck yp o ered to buil d one at his own expense , f ” 1 i he could have certain easy and reasonable toles .

f F l s n fo r In June the ranchise was granted to Mr . yp e

- w a - f ninety nine years . The bridge s to be twenty our

’ f f fo r f eet wide , and to be ree all the King s orces , and “ ’ ” was to be named the King s Bridge . It was built " fe w o f during the year , a rods east the present on e It had a draw for the passage o f such craft as navi

d end gate the Harl em an d a gate , set up at the , where

“ l To wit : 1 penny for each head of neat cattell ; 2 pens for each 12 mann and horse , and pens for each score of hoggs and sheep that s 9 c a noo shal l pass the said brig and pens for every boat, vessell or ” r i w n that shall pass the said b ge . and cause the same to be d ra e up . 2 The removal to its present site was made pursuant to an act of A s ’ se mb l 1713 F l se n s y passed i n at the petition of yp grandson , Frederick

h lli se . P i p , then a minor 1 5 ’ KI NG S BRIDGE .

1 b - the keeper received the tolls . A pu l i c house was kept Open at the north side fo r the entertainment o f ” ’ strangers . The bridge was o wned b y Mr . F lyp se n s

- grandson an d great grandson , in succession , until it w as f f or eited by the latter , Colonel Frederick Phil o f lipse , because his adhesion to the crown in the w ar o f independence . During the first hal f o f th e eighteenth centu ry the Yonkers was sparsely peopled . Jacobus Van

Co r tlan d t o f f a bought a plot fi ty acres , known s ’ ” 2 f . F l se n in 1699 a n d George s Point , rom Mr yp , , added to it several hundred acres while he lived , f o f Cor tlan d t orming the bulk the present Van estate . ’ He made a mil l- pon d by damming u p the Tippett s

- I n . 1701 Brook , and set up a grist and saw mill there

y f were about twent amilies in th e Yonkers . The Betts and Tippett families partitioned their tract i n 17 17 off , and gradually sold it to new settlers . Agri f th e f culture was the chie industry , and arms were for f o f noted choice ruits and fine breeds cattle .

er iau e rs t Produce was carried to market in p g . S one q u a r r vin g was engaged in be fore the m iddle of the

c e n tu rv. The main highways were the Albany and Boston post roads— the former opened to the Saw - kill about

1669 a n d o f , the latter opened on the l ine the Ol d 16 1 Westchester Path to East Chester about 7 . The travel by land was almost wholly on horseback . The

- 1 1 704 eu r u te Madame Knight, crossing December, , o to Boston , was w ” charged three pence for passing over ith a hors e . 9 2d i n 1 69 1 S 0 . called after George Tippett ( ) , who conveyed it , to his

- - ih . B u ck o u t w h o brother law , Joseph Hadley He sold to Matthias , con

d Mr F l se n . veye to . yp 16

’ KING S BRI DGE .

for the bridge with the Albany and Boston roads , and a ’ m a ll ti e travel ceased across the King s Bridge . ’ Colonel Phillipse s bridge - keeper finding his occupa tion gone , threw up his lease , an d the proprietor had

r to advertise fo a new tenant . It is probable that attempts to collect tolls were abandoned soon after wards .

1 6 3 Re n f In 7 the v. Joh Peter Tetard purchased rom ’ V e r mil e f o f n Petrus y a arm sixty acres , near Ki g s n Bridge , lying on the old Bosto road , to which he

I n 17 2 removed about three years later . 7 he Opened

- there a French boarding school , probably the first in “ New York , where, besides French , he taught the f h as t h e most use ul sciences , suc geography , doctrine f ” o . the spheres , ancient an d modern history, etc The house was destroyed during the Revol ution . The old ston e archway yet standing near its site is variously ’ ” called Dominie Tetard s Wine Cellar , the old “ w “ ” po der magazine , th e old bakery , etc . , but its 1 real purpose is unknown .

its P m sought legislative relief for his outlays i n construction . al er, A towards the end of the century , unsuccessfully applied to the ssembly a nd o n for the same account . The press took up his cause and declared b “ S that his work had een the first step towards freedom i n this tate ,

f b I for it was almost as d i ficu lt for Mr. Palmer to get a free ridge n A ” A those days as it was for merica to get her freedom . aron Burr £30 and others made up a purse of for the needy old man in 1800 . 1 D o m inic Tetard was born in Switz erland about 1721 ; graduated from University of Lausanne and received ordination about 1 752 soon after

. C. N ew 17 6 was pastor of French Church , Charleston , S ; came to York 5 b b as a married Frances, daughter of Ro ert Ellison ; ecame sist nt pasto r d u — . 1764 6 6 of Church St Esprit, taking charge , until a. new minister ’ . A K in s B rid e could be engaged i n Europe fter his removal to g . g he used

. 6 17 5 to preach i n Fordham Dutch Church He was commissioned July , 7 , F rench i nterpreter to General Schuyler and chaplai n to the troops in 18 ’ KING S BRIDGE .

’ Across the Boston road from Tetard s farm w as on e of

- fi ve about seventy acres , which Richard Montgomery o c c u ied in 1772 purchased and p , pursuant to his long “ cherished wish to l eave the service and engage i n 1 d y of husban r . His house stood on the brow the hill , 2 n ear the Boston road , and there he l ived until h is marriage to Jan et Livingston and removal to an other 3 ’ farm he had purchased near Rhinebeck . The King s

f S a rah V isc o u n t ess Bridge arm was devised to his sister , f m Ran elagh , by the wil l ound by Arnold a ong his few f papers at Q uebec , a days a ter his untimely n f death . Fort Indepe dence was erected on this arm ,

fe w o f a hundred yards north the house which , with

- n d f the out buildi gs , orchar s , ences , etc . , was com p let ely destroyed during the Revolution . — t t o f THE REVOLU TION . The inhabi an s the Yonk ers were generally opposed to all efforts o f th e British min istry to establ ish arbitrary government in the

_ Ph illi se colonies . Colonel p sided with the crown and tried to control his tenants . At their head , he was present at the m eeting hel d at the White

i m Pla ns , April to appoint deputies to a conve “ tion ; but he decli ned to have anything to do with

th e G Colonie , with pay of major, and went with eneral Montgomery to

z Canada . He served as chaplai n during the war, and on the reorgani a 1784 tion of Columbia College , i n , was made professor of French ,

- and so continued until his death , December i n his sixty sixth year . 1 8 0 declared i n a letter shortly prior to his r esignation . He meant to A b come to merica, where his pride and poverty would e much more at

” s their ea e . 2 A . little way inside of the gateway of Mr William Ogden G iles .

3 N ew Y k G a ze te 7 1 773 or t er, October , , contains his advertisement of th e ’ King s Bridge farm at private sale . 19 ’ KI NG S BRIDGE .

” f deputies or congresses . A ter protesting against ” such illegal and unconstitutional proceedings , he off f led his ollowers . Colonel James Van Cor tlan d t

o f and his brother Frederick , the Yonkers , heartily f avored resistance . The news from Lexington w as shouted at every threshold along the old Boston road in t h e night of 22d N e w April , as the h eral d spurred on towards f York . A e w days later the inh abitants were aiding ’ to unload , at King s Bridge and the hills beyond , 1 o f upward one hundred cannon , which had been carted

f fo r 8 o f out rom the city security . On the th May the for n ew committee Westchester County , on which Cor tla n d t Frederick Van represented the Yonkers , chose Colonel James V a n Co r tla n d t as deputy to the n ew Provincial Congress, and he attended its first m eeting at the exchange in Broad Street . The importance of maintaining communication by land between New York and the country so impressed the Continental Congress that it resolved , on May 25th , that a post should be i mmediately taken and f ’ 3oth ortified at King s Bridge . On the th e Pro vinc ial o f in Congress appointed a committee five , cluding Captain Richard Montgomery and Colonel James Van Cor tlan d t to vie w the ground near the bridge and report whether it woul d admit o f a tenable f o f 3d f ortification . Their report Jun e avored a post

‘ ’ for three hun dred men on the hill adjoining Hyatt s f tavern , but recommended no orm or dimensions and thought it imprudent to forti fy until the em b odi

1 b m Compensation to the heirs of Se ring and Beek an , for certai n of in these guns, was provided for by an act of the Legislature , passed

1 800 . 20 ’ KI NG S B RIDGE .

o f wh o o f ment troops , could do most the labor . Commanding points on Tippett ’s and Tetard ’s Hills

fo r n were suggested additional works . O the spots thus indicated . forts were a fter wards erected by the

Americans , an d when captured by the British , were 1 for strengthened and garrisoned by them many years . Colonel Van Cor tlan d t w as a m ember o f the com mitt ee of th e Provincial Congress to arrange the troops

f r l . Co t an d t and orm the militia Frederick Van , m m Tho as Emmons , Willia s Betts and William

o f t for Hadley were the local commi tee the Yonkers . Under their supervision a militia company was f of u orm ed in the precinct , as part the So th Battal ” - f ion of the county . The roster in cluded sixty our — names , Anthony Allaire , Abraham Asten , George

Berrien , Wm . Betts , Frederick , Gilbert and Robert

B r n r B u rs n n Co k ow e J . e J o . c Brown , Hendrick , , Henry , , E d ’ f w d . Jno . and Cortright , Geo . and Jas Craw ord , Jn o . Cre ier g , Daniel Deen , John Devoe , Abraham Em

m . Usial ons , Benj , Thos. and Robert Farrington , J Fountain , Wm . an d Isaac Green , Geo . , Isaac , os . and

M r . . . J . Wm Hadley , Thos Merrill , Jas unro , Jos . , and

Thos . Oakl ey , Abraham and John Odell , Jas . Parker ,

Abm . Dennis , Isaac , Israel , Jacob , Lewis , Martin b and Wm . Post , H enry Pres er , Tobias Rickman , Wm . a Rose , Edward and John Ryer , Francis Smith , Ch s .

n r . El athan , J , Elij ah , Henry and Jacob Taylor , I z ar ell Co r tlan d t Underh il l , Frederick Van , Abm , m il V er e . Frederick and Josh . y , John and Wm Warner ,

1 ’ The British called the redoubt on the hil l near Hyatt s tavern F t. ’ B ‘ in ha l s N u mbe Th ee ce C r e ; the one on Tippett s Hill r r , and the one on ’

N u mb er F u . a A . Tet rd s Hill , the merican Ft Independence , o r 21 ’ KING S BRIDGE .

. O n Geo . Wertz , John an d Samuel Will iams August

24 1775 . , , they chose John Cock , captain ; Wm Betts ,

first lieutenant John Warner , second lieutenant ; an d

Jacob Post, ensign . The names were sent to th e Pro

in i l fo r v c a Congress commissions . The county com m ittee protested against th e captain elect, and on the 1 1th o f September presented the affidavit of William o f b e Hadley , the district committee , that wh en pre “ Co ok sented the general association to , he said , I

S h for ign this with my hand , but not with my eart ; for I would not have signed it , had it not been my ’ ’ f f of w ife and amily s sake . The riends Cock rallied

o f to his su p port . A majority the compan y and a score I more inhabitants o f Yonkers sent down a petition in “ f fo r his avor , stating that he had been chosen his well - known skill an d abil ity i n the military disci ” m o f pline , and that the complaints were ade out ” Spite and malice But further affidavits by Isaac “ Green and George Hadley , that Cock had damned th e o f the Continental Congress , satisfied Comm ittee f Sa ety that it was improper to give Cock a commission . The local committee was ordered to hold a n ew el ec “ n tion , taki g care to give public notice that John Co ok cannot be admitted to any office whatso ” 2 ever .

1 A A A rs ~ They were Matthias, nthony and Benjami n rcher, Benjamin

E z ek ial dan , Stephen Basti ne , and Henry Brown , George Crawford , G u e re neau La w Benjami n Farrington , Jonathan Fowler, Joh n , Samuel

J r . Ab m rence , Henry and Jordan Norris, David , , and Moses Oakley, s James and Thomas Rich , Elnathan Taylor and Thoma Tippett . 2 K ’ Cock kept the old tavern on the north side of ing s Bridge . The

G . head of the overthrown statue of eorge III , i n the Bowling Green , was

‘ - fl a sta fi . carried to Fort Washington , to be fixed to a spike on the g While ’ b r i t was left temporarily at Jaco Moore s tavern , near by , an emissa y 22 ’ KING S BRIDGE .

— The twen ty - on e nine pou nders carried o ff from the th e of 23d Battery by Sons Liberty , August , were ’ hauled up to Kin g s Bridge and left with the rest in h o f o f th e . t e 17 care minute men In night January , 1776 f ’ , more than fi ty guns n ear Williams , and as many ’ S in the fiel ds near Isaac Valentin e s , were piked or “ ” loaded an d stopped with ston es an d other rubbish . f Search w as mad e or th e p erpetrators . John Fowl er was brought before th e Committee o f Safety on th e

23d h o f - , charged with a recent purc ase rat tail files o i n New York . He implicated William L unsbery ,

o f a . Mam aron eck , as the re l purchaser They were

J ac amiah u imprisoned . Allen was employed to nspike h th e guns at twenty shillings each . He raised t em o f of on fires several cords wood , tended day an d f a n d l6th night to so ten the spikes, by March he had u n sp ik ed eighty - two an d expected to soon com pl ete f the work . These guns were a terwards mounted i n the works erected b y the American troops on th e ’ hills abou t King s Bridge . 1776 Cor tla n dt In February , , Augustus Van , cl erk of m o f New York City , reported to the Com ittee Safety that for their security h e had removed th e public records to Yonkers . They were deposited in ’ 1 Colonel Van Cor tlan d t s family burial vault and from Colonel Montresor went out through th e “ rebel camp with a message to Cook t o steal and bury the head . This was done ( probably ’ a t Cook s th e b 1 776 tavern) , and when British arrived , i n Novem er, , it se n t G was dug up and i n care of Lady age to Lord Townsend , to con vince them at home of the infamous disposition of the ungrateful people ” of this distracted country . 1 This ancient depository of the city records is still used as a burial a b th e pl ce y family , and gives the name to the hill on which it is l o

c a te d . 23 ’ KING S B RIDGE . were still th ere in December ; but it is probable th e British were soon afterwards apprised o f their place f o concealm ent an d had them returned to the city . On the 18th o f March the Yonkers militia held a new election and chose John Warner , captain ; Jacob

Post , first l ieutenant ; Samuel Lawrence , second lieutenant ; and Isaac Post , ensign . In May the Pro vin c ial Congress had in service th e armed schooner “ ” General Putnam , comman ded by Captain Thomas ’ Cr e ier o f . f of g , King s Bridge A ter months inactivity at the heads o f inlets when he shoul d have been at Cr e ier for f sea, g was discharged ine ficiency and the vessel was sold . Early i n Jun e Washing ton visited and inspected ’ f th e grounds above King s Bridge . He ound them

o f for f to admit seven pla ces wel l calculated de ense . Esteeming it a pass o f the u t most importance in order to keep Open communication with the coun ” at try , he set two Pennsylvania regiments work on f o f their ortification , and put bodies militia to the f same labor as ast as they arrived . In General

o f 2d Mifiiin Orders July , was directed to repair to ’ King s Bridge and to u se his utmost endeavors to forward the works Th e time is n ow a t han d w hich m u st p r ob a bly d eter min e w hether A mer ican s a r e to he ” fr eemen or sla ves is a m emorable sentence in this in order . The enemy was ready to disembark the f lower bay . It was unknown rom what quarter their Mififlin attack would come . thought they would di ’ vert attention to the heights above King s Bridge , and it was reported they meant to erect strong works there to cut off communication between city and “ 12 th of of country . On the July the ships war Rose 24

’ D KING S BRI GE .

’ Mo nsieur Martin to the post at King s Bridge and under his direction work w as pressed f 23d t ’ on the ortifications . On the Clin on s ’ brigade was ordered into camp . Colonel Thomas s regiment pitched on the south side of Fort I n d ep e n d ’ a f f ence , Colonel Graham s bout hal a mile arther ’ ’ southward , Colonel Paulding s and Colonel Nicholas ’ on the flat below , near Corsa s orchard , and Colonel ’ o f Swartwout on the southerly end Tippett s Hill . On the 25th a detachment went down from King ’s Bridge “ ” to Paulus Hook in the fi at - bottomed boat and

o f - brought back a number gun carriages, on which th cannon w ere mounted in e n ew works . Colon el ’ “ S w ar two u t s regim ent thre w u p a battery on th e S o f north ide Spuyten Duyvil Creek , at its very ” f mouth , to prevent the enemy rom approaching the bridge in boats , and also constructed two additional ’ o f o f w as redoubts on the top Tippett s Hill , one which ” 1 “ f w as called Fort Swartwout . No atigue rum allowed to any one engaged on these works , except on “ h ad f f certificate that h e been aith ul , obedient an d ” 2 th n . 7 industrious On the the Provincial Co gress , f then sitting at Harl em , alarmed by the de eat on

Long Island , ordered its records and papers , and th e ’ receiver- general s chest to be taken at once to the ’ 29th cam p at King s Bridge . On the Heath impressed every boat and craft at the post and hurri ed them down to Washington fo r use in the retreat from Long On S lst a Island . the the inhabitants beg n driving o f their cattl e into the interior . The Committee

1 1 7 1776 The night guard i n this work , October , , was one captain , two l ieutenants and fifty men . 26 ’ KING S BRIDGE .

Safety now urged o n Washington the defensibility of the country above the bridge an d th e dreadful c on se q u en c es of its occupation by th e enemy . He replied that the defensibl e state o f that ground had n ot es ’ caped him , and that as the posts at King s Bridge o f were such great importance , he hoped the con n ff fo f ve tion would a ord aid r their de ense . When it became evident in September that the city was n u tenabl e by the Americans in the face of the superior f m British orce , Washington deter ined to tak e post at ’ W S w King s Bridge and along the estchester hore , here barracks coul d b e procured fo r the part o f the a r mv to w ithout tents . H e concluded l eave five thousand for f o f men on the isl and de ense the city , and to post ’ nine thousan d at King s Bridge and its dependencies . On the 8th Heath was instructed to fell trees across d in the roads towards the bri ge, to dig holes them , break them up and destroy th em so as to be impassable . The n ext day one hun dred and sixty thousand boards

for were ordered the barracks at the bridge , also brick for all s wh o and stones ovens, which soldier were m masons were ordered to assist i n aking . Meanwhile the inhabitan ts suffered from th e oc cu ati n f f p o o their arms . Fen ces were pull ed dow n and

- fi a eld s . burned and corn , gardens and orchards pill ged The orders of the day pronounced it cruel as well as unjust and scandalous thus to destroy th e inb ah ita n ts by destroying th e littl e property fo r which th ey have been sweating and toilin g through th e summer and were expecting very soon to r ea p the f f ” ruits o . Howe ’s movement to Throg ’s Neck caused Wash ’ ington to call a meeting of gen eral officers at King s 27 ’ KING S BRIDGE .

. l 6th o f Bridge It was hel d on th e October, when it was determined to abandon Manhattan Island . On the 1 9th strong pickets were established an d frequent night patrols made throu gh all the region about ’ 20th King s Bridge . On th e Washington moved h is headquarters to the bridge , where the main army th was now in barracks, an d continued there until e " 22d few . During the next days the army moved ofi t o o f the heights the Bronx , leaving garrisons in the forts about King’s Bridge under orders to destroy ’ f a them on the enemy s approach in orce . Col . L sher, in ‘ Fort Independence , was to burn the barracks , of quit the post and j oin th e army, by way the North ”

. f River , at White Plains At three in the morning o the 28th th e long lin es o f barracks were fired and the forts abandoned . Their garrisons either withdrew to Fort Washington , or , crossing to New Jersey , rej oin ed th eir regiments at White Plains by way of ’ f King s Ferry . Gen . Greene , coming out rom Fort W f of ashington , ound several hundred stand small

' reat n u mb ers o f arms , g spears , shot, sh ells,etc . To carry these off he impressed a ll the wagons in the ’ neighborhood . He then dismantled King s Bridge f an d the Free Bridge . On the evening o the 29th , K n h au sen f of General yp , with a orce Hessians and

W ald ec k ers a which had landed at New Rochell e , p r oa c h ed p Fort Independence by the old Boston road , f and , finding it deserted , occupied it the ollowing o f day . He took possession the other works o n ’ 2 Tetard s Hill and occupied them until November d . w of f Then , ith part his orces , he descended an d took ’ Pa arin am in o f i a position on p , north K ng s Bridge .

Having repaired the bridge, he crossed over and 28 ’ KING S B RIDGE . occupied the deserted Am erican post o n th e opposite

h 4th a t e . hill , but retired on He crossed gain on the 7th with fifteen hundred men a n d took positio n s on ’ m n d the hills com anding the ol d Ki g s Bri ge road . ’ On the 16 th the remainder o f General K nyp h au sen s force crossed over the Free Bridge an d united in the o f n f capture Fort Washingto , which therea ter took his name . Being now possessed of the whole of Manhattan n Island , the British adopted an d stre gthen ed the ’ American works at an d about King s Bridge for the f defense o New York City . Beginning with the westerl y redoubt on Spuyten Duyvil N eck , and going f o eastward , and rom Fort Independence s uthward , 1 8 in c lu they were distinguished by the numbers to , sive . N u mber One was located where the house of th e for late Peter O . Strang stands , in grading which all f of . w as traces the ort were obl iterated It square , and overlooked the Hudson and Spuyten Duyvil

Creek at their confluence . N u mb er Two w as a circul ar redoubt on the crown ’ f a of th e hill in the fiel d west o Warren B . S ge s resi 1 . w as th e den ce . Its walls are y et discernible This n Am erican Fort Swartwout . In th e adjoini g fiel d to the westward a flanking redan may yet be seen over looking the Riverdale road .

’ 1 S au th ier s Miscalled Ft . Independence , on and other British maps, an error which has misled some modern writers . The same misnomer

a h a s been perpetuated otherwise . The Coast Survey so calls it i n a di gram

of the triangulation point on its wall . These errors probably arose from “ ’ l ” confounding the name Tetard s Hi l , on which Fort Independence ’ ” stood , with Tippett s Hill , whereon the fort i n question was located . 29 ’ KI NG S BRIDGE .

’ N u mber Thr ee stood where Warren B . Sage s house o f now stands , on th e easterly brow Spuyten Duyvil Hill and directly overlooking the post on the north ’ o f n n erly end Manhatta Isl and at Ki g s Bridge , called 1 Fort Prince Charles by th e British . Numbers on e , 1 o two and three were first garrisoned in 777 . In N vemb er 1778 o f , , the three works had a garrison on e f hundred and ten o ficers an d men . They were aban c f f 1 loned by the British in the al l o 779 . The creek n ear Johnson ’s foundry was crossed by f a pontoon bridge , and a mil itary road ran rom it up th e easterly side o f the hill to and along Spring off Street , where it branched to the Redoubts One ,

Two and Three .

N u mber F ou r w as d the American Fort In ependence , ’ f on Tetard s Hill , across the valley . The house o

n William Ogden Giles now stands o its site . It was f of built on the arm General Richard Montgomery , and may have been laid out by him . It occupied a most commanding position overlooking the Albany road on on e side and the Boston road on the other .

It had two bastions at the westerly angles . The British garrisoned it continuously from its cap 16 th ture until they removed its guns , August , its

- 1 7 wood work , August th , and demolished its maga 12 1 79 7 . zi ne , September , It was not garrisoned agai n

m o f - during the war . A nu ber iron six pounders were

. ex ca vat dug up inside its walls , by Mr Giles , when o f ing his cellar , about thirty years ago . Two th em m f are now ounted in a miniature ort on his grounds .

N umb er F ive was a square redoubt , whose walls are

1 This work is yet standing . 30 ’ KING S BRIDGE .

f yet standing on th e ol d Tetard arm , a little way north ’ f Clafl in s . S f rom H . B . stables It is about eventy eet

w as 1 777 square . It occupied in , and dismantled 1 18 779 . September , N u mber S ix stood j ust west of the present road to High Bridge, and its site is now occupied by a house formerly owned by John B . Haskin . m N u mber S even was on the Ca man n place . No trace remains .

N u mber i ht w as . . E g on land now owned by H W T . ’ on Mal i an d Gustav Schwab . Th e latter s house oc f pies par t o its site . ’ K in s B a tter of g y is on the grounds Nathaniel P .

Bailey , and is still preserved . f A nother redoubt , semicircular i n orm , is yet

far m u st o f th e to w n standing on the ol d Bussing , j north o n e th o u sa nd f line , and distant about eet northeasterly from the William ’ s Bridge Station on the Harlem Rail I t road . commanded the road and bridge across the on e of of Bronx , and was the series works thrown up by Washington al ong the h eights of the Bronx an d extending northerly to White Plains , at the approach f o Ho w e . General Heath located it an d Colonels n 6 Ely and Douglas were engaged upo it October , 1 1776 . An outpost of light troops was established near Mosh olu and maintained throughout each vear . The force was usually composed o f German mounted an d

1 w t h e Bet een this fort and Fort Independence , on southerly side of ” the Boston road , and on the Corsa farm , stood Negro Fort, so called, b it is said , ecause garrisoned by a company of negroes from Virginia . 1 6— N o The British kept an outguard there i n the winter of 77 77 . trace of it remains, a house now occupying its site . 3 1 ’ KING S BRIDGE . foot yagers and a company of chasseurs formed of detachments from the diff erent Hessian regiments in 1 o n New York . Their camp was Frederick Van ’ 2 Co r tlan d t s f fre arm , n ear his house . They made ’ quent patrol s out Mil e Square road , over Valentine s Hill and Boar Hill to Phillipse ’s Mills ' and back by

- A mu s t the Albany post road . Two three pound e tes were sometimes taken on these rounds . Another camp o f light tr0 0 ps and cavalry was es ’ ’ t ab lish ed f of at the oot Tetard s Hill , between King s

Bridge and the Free Bridge . It was long occupied ’ ’ E mm eric k s f in 1777 S im co e s by chasseurs , ormed , ’ rangers and other Royalist troops . The King s Bridge

B ar r ier was made the , an d the old tavern on the

w t - ou north side became the a ch h se . During the protracted struggle th e Yonkers was

o f the scen e constant military activity . Numerous unsuccess ful attempts were made b y the Americans ’ ’ to recapture th e posts on Tip pett s and Tetard s Hills , and plans o f winter attacks across the frozen Har

u f f lem and Spuyten D yvil were o ten l aid and oil ed .

n o f of Th e ra gers Simcoe and De Lan cey , the yagers

1 1 n 1778 five companies of foot and one of mounted yagers , under Lieu V ’ ~ 1779 t ena n t Colo n el V o n V u r mb . In the yagers and Lord Rawdon s corps . ’ o f 1778 Ca ptain von Hanger s company chasseurs , i n , consisted of four

fii e rs - offi c er s r o c , twelve sub , three d ummers and one hu ndred privates b E rb P z P z M ir b ac k selected from the Lei , rin , rin Carl , Donop, , Trim Losb er K n h a u se n W oelw a rtb W ie sse nb ach z bach , g , yp , , and Siet Regi ments . “ 2 Cortla ndt s o Know n as the Upper , i n distinction from C lonel ’ ” r tla nd s Cortlan d t Ja c ob u s Van Co t house on the plain , called Lower s.

“ ’ - The former w as also called Cortla nd t s white hou se sometimes . It b 1826 was urned about , and the present residence of Waldo Hutchins was erected on its site . 32

’ KI NG S B RIDGE .

f f the le t, under Generals Wooster and Parsons , rom New Rochell e and East Chester to Will iams ’ on of the east side the Bronx above the bridge . The three divisions arrived simultaneously at the enemy ’ s f 1 h outposts j ust be ore sunrise on the 8t . Gen eral Lincol n surprised the guard above Van . Cort ’ la nd t s . , capturing arms, equipage, etc Heath moving ’ with the centre , as i t approached Val entine s house , ordered its cannonade by Captain Bryant incase of f resistance rom the guard quartered there , and sent two hundred and fifty m en at doubl e - quick to the right into the hollo w between the house and Fort o ff Independence to cut the guard . Just then two

e British light hors men , recon noitering out the Boston ’ of road , came unexpectedly on the head Wooster s ’ column where the road descends to Williams bridge .

f fi eld - Be ore they could turn , a piece dismounted one, who was taken prisoner , while the other galloped back crying “ The rebels "the rebels "” which set all f outguards and pickets running to the ort , leaving

. arms , blankets , provisions , tools , etc , behind . Those ’ fleeing from Valentine s an d the Negro Fort were f fired o n and one captu red . The American le t and centre were then moved into the hollow between ’ Valentine s and Fort Independence , and the surren o f f der th e latter was demanded and re used . The garrison consisted of a body o f Hessians and Colonel ’ Rogers rangers . Heath sent a detachment with tw o fi eld - pieces southward to the brow of the hill over 1 looking the Free Bridge, and opened fire on a bat o f talion Hessians drawn up across the Harlem , back

’ P t f Cla fl in s robably to a point on the old Te ard arm , now land . 34 ‘

KI NG S BRIDGE .

’ o f Hyatt s tavern . The enemy settled down as the shot passed them , and one piece being moved lower 1 down , they retired rapidly behind their redoubt, receiving a sh ot as they were turning the point . The ’ enemy now Opened o n Heath s artillerymen from guns he had not suspected to be i n the re doubt, and w a the men hastily dre their pieces b ck , receiving sev f o f eral shots be ore they reached the top the hill . The success o f this movement on th e British out posts flew through the country and w as magnified into t h e reduction and capture of Fort Independence and its garrison . Washington com municated this report ‘ f ofli c ial to Congress be ore receiving accounts , causing f a double disappointment when the acts were known . The Tory press in New York City reported it as an a ttack on Fort Independence by a large body o f ” w h o rebels , were bravely repulsed . On the 1 9th the enemy opened fire from the fort and killed one American . Heath determined to cut ’ o ff the British battalion at Hyatt s by passing on e thousand men over Spuyten Duyvil Creek on the ice .

It was very cold . Th e m en were detached and gath

for ered at Spuyten Duyvil Ridge the attack , but before m orning the weather had so moderated that it a was deemed too h zardous to make the attempt . 20th There was cannonading on both sides on the , an d the enemy on the island were thrown into much f con usion . Heath observing that the enemy , when t h e f fired at across Harlem , ound shelter behind th e ’ fi eld - hill at Hyatt s, had a piece hauled up to th e

1 b ill M The fort on the at northerly end of anhattan Island , over ’ l th e a n d — A ooking King s Free Bridges, originally built by mericans P ” and called by the British Fort ri nce Charles . 3 5 ’ KING S BRIDGE .

’ o f i brow Tippett s Hill , and opened fire on both the r f f f 21 ront and rear on the a ternoon o the st . Some o f f t the enemy ound shelter in their redoubt , o hers under the banks ; some lay flat on the ground an d to some betook themselves the cel lars , so that pres for ently there was no obj ect the gunners . A smart 22d skirmish occurred at Fort Independence on the . To keep up the appearance o f serious designs u pon the f f ort, Heath ordered ascines , etc . , to be made , an d sent for a brass twenty - four pounder and a howitzer from New Cas tle . Another skirmish took place near o f f 23d f the south side the ort on the , just be ore dusk , in which the Americans had an ensign and private

. 24th s killed , and five men wounded On the a evere ’ storm began ; Lincol n s division had to quit their huts in the woods back o f Colonel Van Cort ’ land t s , and move back , some even to Dobbs Ferry , f to find shelter . A reshet in the Bronx caused the ’ water to run over Williams bridge . Early on the 25th e n e m v f , the sall ied rom Fort Independence ’ towards De Lancey s Mills , surprised an d routed the guard , wounding several an d causing a regimen t to quit its quarters . By British accounts they also took f ’ o n e piece o cannon . About ten o clock they made f a sally out th e Boston road in orce , drove the guards ’ f a n d an d rom Negro Fort Valentine s house , pushed

n i o so impetuously , keep ng up a brisk fire, that the retreating guards threw themselves into the old ’ American redoubt overlooking Williams bridge . The enemy thereupon lined a strong stone wall a few

1 This ol d Revolutionary w ork may still be traced on t h e hill north west from the bridge . It is semicircular in form and was laid out by 1 776 Heath i n th e fall of . 36 ’ KING S BRIDGE .

r o f ods distant to the southwest . Two regiments m ilitia were at once formed in the road n ear Wil ’ liams house , across the Bronx , and were sent by Gen e iri o f ral Heath , support Captain Bryant with his piece , across the subm erged bridge . When nearly up the hill on the Boston road , Bryant unlimbered t to prevent his horses being sho , an d the men took the drag - ropes ; but the steepness of the ascent required the dragging o f the piece almost within pistol - shot b efo re it could be depressed enough to bear

n . o the enemy . Its first shot opened a breach in the

f or f wal l our five eet wide , the n ext made another O pening , whereupon the enemy fled back to Fort In dependence with the greatest precipitation . The

Am ericans had two killed and a number wounded . O n the 27 th the brass twenty - four pounder and the f f howitzer arrived and open ed on the ort . The ormer sprung her carriage after the third discharge . There for were no live shells the howitzer . No regular o f f w as f cannonade the ort , in act, ever contempl ated . Attempts were m ade to draw the enemy out o f th e f ort . A detachment was sen t to Morrisania to light numerous fires at night ; and , to in duce th e enemy to suppose th e Americans were collecting there with o f designs crossing to New York at or near Harlem , f large boats were brought orward on carriages . The ’ ’ o n Mo n tr essor s l British garrison (Randal s) Island , alarmed at th is , set fire to the buil dings and fl ed to 1 w of N e York . A brigade the enemy moved up to

’ 1 By Tory accou nts the rebels went over to Mo nt ressor s Island and

’ b Mo n t resso r s urnt Colonel house to the ground , and ravaged what t ever hey could meet with on this occasion . 37 ’ KI NG S B RIDGE .

Fort Washington and a detachment was sen t fo r from

Rhode Islan d .

29th - m On the a severe snow stor came on . Gens . W Te nb ro ec k Lincoln , ooster , Scott and were unani mous that the troops ought to move back Where they d f coul d be protecte rom the inclement weather , espe c ially as they had no artillery with which to take th e f o f ort, and were Opposed to any idea assault or storm h f wit militia . Accordingly , a ter dusk , the Am erican forces retired northward and eastward in good order to

f of I n d e en their ormer stations , and the siege Fort p of dence was abandoned . The boldness these opera for f tions , by raw militia , and so long a period , in ace o f the stron g force of British an d German veterans S fo r t h e S o f in New York , peak volumes pirit our grandsires in their determin ed contest fo r ind ep en dence . F T OOK B RI D G E THE MASSAC RE O T H E S I NDIANS . o f 1 778 During the summer the British light troops , ‘ ’ fr e which were encamped about King s Bridge , had quent sk irmishes with th e Am erican light troops on

b - of the highways an d y roads the ol d Yonkers . 20th o f On th e August, when patrolling out the ol d ” - E mm er ic k Mile Square Road , Li eutenant Colonel w as attacked and compell ed to return to his camp at ’ few o f King s Bridge . A days l ater a smal l body

American light troops and Indians , u nder Colon el in Gist , which had taken part this encounter, was posted in several d eta c h m e nts o n th e heights com o f manding the old road , on e body on each side the o f b e road , just north its crossing over a small stream yond the present Woodlawn Heights , and a third ’ of D evo e s about three hundred yards west the road , on 38 ’ K I NG S B RIDGE .

f . arm , opposite to Woodlawn Heights Between the last party and t h e road were scattered about sixty f imh a m w h o Stockbridge Indians , under their chie , N ,

- in . o f had been England Lieuten ant colon el Simcoe , ’ the Q ueen s Rangers , l earned , through his spies, that ’ the Indians were highly elated at E mm er ic k s retreat and supposed that they had driven t h e whole force o f ’ l ight troops at King s Bridge . He took measures to increase this bel ief an d meantime plann ed to ambus f cade and capture their whole orce . His idea was , as “ ” the enemy came down the Mile Square Road , to advance past h is flanks . This movement would b e p er fectl y concealed by the fall o f the ground to the right down the slope in Woodlawn Heights , to wards the stream at Second Street) and by the woods ’ f Co r tlan dt s on the l e t Van woods , bordering the “ ’ ” f road an d Lover s Lan e , extending north rom the road opposite Fourth Street) . ’ On the morn ing o f August 31st the Q ueen s Ran

m s u E m m erick gers , under Si coe , the chas e rs , under and De Lancey ’ s Secon d Battalion and the Legion Dra

- goons , under Lieutenant colonel Tarl eton , marched “ ” out the Mile Square Road , reaching the present ’ Woodlawn Heights about ten o clock . The rangers and dragoons were posted on the right (east o f Second

Street and about opposite to First Avenue) . Emmer ’ ic k s t o f instructions were take a position on the le t , ’ ’ Cor tlan d t s F r ed er ic/c D o e s in Van woods , near ev f house , hal a mil e up the lane . By mistake he took ’ t D a n iel s pos in the woods n ear Devo s house , which “ ” stood on the Mile Square Road , near the entrance

f o n to the lane , an d sent a patrol orward the road .

f was f - r ec on n oit Be ore Simcoe , who hal way up a tree 39 ’ KING S BRIDGE .

c saw ering , ould stop this movement , he a flanking party o f Americans approach and heard a smart firing by the Indians who had l in ed the fences alongside ’ E mm er ic k s f the road on le t . The rangers under Simcoe moved rapidly up the stream to gain the heights which were occupied by the Americans u nder Gist and Stewart , and the cavalry under Tarl eton advanced directly up the hil l to where E mm e ric k was engaged (be tween

Third and Fourth Avenues) . Being unabl e to pass f the ences bordering the road , Tarleton made a cir cuit to return on the right (coming to the road again f ’ . of Ta rle to n about Fi th Avenue) Simcoe , hearing s f f th e of di ficulty , le t rem ainder his corps under Maj or f Ross , and breaking rom the rangers with the grena ' a r r ived u n e r c eived dier company , p (about opposite the end o f Sixth Avenue) close upon the l eft flank o f

o f the Indians , who were intent upon the attack Em i k m er c and Tarl eton . With a yell th e Indians fired on the grenadier company , wounding Simcoe and f o f our his m en ; but being outnumbered and flanked , the In dians were driven from the fences into the o f o f open fields Daniel Devoe , north the road . Tar l eton and E m m eric k th en got among them with the f caval ry . The Indians ought most gallantly, pulling several o f the cavalry from their horses ; but over f o f powered by the superior orce th e en emy , they had f to flee . They were swi tl y pursued up over the fields , ’ Co rtlan d t s d across the l ane , down through Van woo s , ’ over Tippett s Brook int o the woods on the ridge b e few f yond , where a survivors ound concealment u among the rocks and bushes , and th s escaped .

N e a r lv f a in orty were killed or desper tely wounded , 40

’ KI N G S BRIDGE .

’ rode victorious across King s Bridge , over which he f had retreated seven years be ore . — POLITI CAL HISTOR Y . The area under considera tion was part o f the fi ef o f Col en - donck from 1652 to 16 4 f 6 . A ter the English conquest in the latter year it belonged to the North Riding of Yorkshire until the erection o f Westchester County under the act o f 1 16 1 ft 9 . October , It was a erwards known as the Yonkers Precinct (except the parts included in the Manor of Ph illip sb u rgh after the erection o f the o f 19 1703 l atter , i n By th e act June , , the towns , manors , etc . , were authorized to choose super

a n d o f r ecin ct visors , each inhabitant any p , being a f “ reeholder , was allowed to j oi n his vote with the ” f o f n ext adjacent town . Th e reeholders the Yonkers probably voted for a supervisor with the freeholders

f o w n ofli c ers o East Chester . They chose their local “ fo r o f th e f th e precinct , whom ollowing Collectors fo r : 1 708 the Yonkers are k nown William Jon es ,

10 1713- 14 ; John Barrett , ; John H eading "Had — 1715 16 . 1717 . den] , ; Mr George Ti ppett , ; Mr Joseph 1 718 1 71 9 Taylor , Matthias Valentine , ; Joseph 1720 1 721— 23 lVilliam Hadley , ; Moses Taylor , ; 1724 1725 Jones, Moses Taylor , ; Thomas Sherwood , 1726 1 727 1 728 E d ; Moses Taylor , ; Thomas Rich , ; 1729— 30 1731—32 ward Smith , Charl es Vincent, ; — 1 733 34 1736 . Jacob Ryder , ; Joseph Taylor, of N o ve mb e r 1 1722 By the act , , to increase the num ” o f su er visors for W estc h ber p ester County , the inhabit ants of each p r ecinct h aving not l ess th an twenty in h ab it an ts were allowed to choose their own supervisor . The Yonkers was no doubt represented in the board by its own member thereafter ; but by reason o f the 42 ’ D KIN G S BRI GE . loss of the records of the precinct and o f the board ’ f 1 2 be ore 77 their n ames are not known . On the first

in 1756 th e f Tuesday April , , reeholders and inhabit 1 Mile S u a r e ants o f the Yonkers a n d . q held a public t own ~ m e et in of n g at the house Edward Steve son , in Co er ten the Yonkers , and chose James Corton (

: supervisor and pounder Benj amin Fowler , town clerk ; Thomas Sherwood , constabl e and collector ; E d David Oakley and Will iam Warner, assessors ; m f W . ward Weeks, Craw ord , Daniel Devoe , John

Ryder , Isaac Odell an d Hendrick Post , highway M s masters ; Andrew Nodine , Charles Warner , ose f 2 Tailer and Isaac Odell , ence and damage viewers . Commissioners o f highways in 1 770 : James Van

Co r tlan dt and Benj amin Fowl er . Supervisors for the Yonkers : Colon el James Van

Cor tla n dt 1772—76 , (non e during the British occupa 1784 tion ) ; Israel Hon eywell , ; William H adley , — 1 6 87 1787 . 78 ; David Hunt,

: 1773 Constables Jeremiah Sherwood , ; H enry

1775 1 784 . Odell , ; Thomas Sherwood , o f 7 1788 w By act March , , a new to n was erected , of Ph illi sb u r h containing part p g , Mile Square and o f of the ol d precinct Yonkers , under the n ame

1872 th e u of Yonk ers . In November , s p ervisors

l 1t is probable that the Yonkers and Mile Square constituted one pre

h illi u ci nct under the name of the former . The Manor of P p sb rgh sur s o u l f r om rounded Mile quare three sides , and a so separated i t the Yon b Old l S kers . The inha itants of the manor dwelling upon the Mi e quare b road , between Yonkers and Mile Square , were sometimes descri ed as “ r h of the Yonkers in Ph illip sb u g . 2 ’ “ Bolton s Westchester County . The author must have seen th e

- a t . town book (now , unfortunately , lost) , and extracted therefrom the 1 5 6 count of the meeting of 7 . 43 ’ KING S B RIDGE .

Westch ester County erected a township consisting of all o f the town of Yonkers lying south o f the south ’ f of erly l ine o the city Yonkers , to be called King s

Bridge . Its first an d only annual m eeting was held Mo h lu 1 s o 25 873 . at Temperance Hall , , March , On ’ 1 st o f 1 874 the January , , King s Bridge was ann exed to the city o f New York an d now forms part of the

- f t Twenty our h Ward . — f 1700 CH URCH HISTORY . Be ore the inhabitants had no place o f public worship nearer than East 1707 “ Chester . In they assembl ed sometimes in the o f house Joseph Betts , deceased , and som etimes in a ” 1724 barn when empty . About they h ad preaching f three times a year by the rector rom East Chester , “ a nd they began to be in a disposition to build a ” w a s for church . Non e erected , however , more than of f a t a century . Those the Re ormed Dutch creed at o f tended services the church Fordham Manor ,

in 1 0 o f erected 7 6 . It stood on the northerly side the ’ s road to Fordham Landing , where Moses Devo s gate o f way now is . Upon the org anization the English Church at the Lower Mills those of that faith in f the Yonkers attended there . A ter the Revolution Augustus Van Co r tland t an d Joh n Warner were o f “ the first trustees o f the new Yonkers Episcopal ” f 1 787 o f Society , ormed i n , and members the first ’ ” f in o f o . vestry St John s Church the town Yonkers , 1 5 V er mil 79 . e on its in corporation , in Isaac y , Wil “ ” D liam H adley , William Warner and Cobus yck “ man were trustees o f the Reformed Dutch Church at ” of Ph ill sb u r h in the Lower Mills in the Manor ip g , c or p o ra ted in 1784 . MET HODIST E P ISCOPAL CH U RC H BETHEL (Mosh 44 ’ KING S BRIDGE .

olu — ) . This was the first religious society to erect a ’ f in of house o worship the l imits King s Bridge . So

as 1826 - early a charge existed , having thirty six a n d white members one colored , under Samuel W.

. o l Fisher , preacher Meetings were held in an d ’ - school house wh ich stood near Warner s store, Mosh

1828 . r olu . In E Hebard had the charge He e

n 1828 las u main ed duri g and organized a c s . The s c — d in . 1829 0 c e e 3 . g preachers were R Seaman , ; E — - 2 1 4 1831 3 . 833 3 H ebard , ; E Smith , ; Thomas Evans , 1 5 loth o f 1835 83 . V On the February , , Caleb a n ] Tassel , James Col e , Jacob Varian , Abraham Wood and Joh n C . Lawrence were chosen trustees to build a church and February 14th Caleb Van Tassel] and filed a f Jacob H . Varian made and certificate o incor “ ” p or atio n as Trustees o f Methodist Church Bethel f f in the town o Yonkers . A rame building was erected o n the westerly side o f the Albany post road

for and is yet stan ding , though disused several years . Old r in Its pastors have been E . , I . D . Bangs and 1836 —37 Thomas Barch (superannuated) , John 1838 Davies , Salmon C . Perry and Barch , ; Henry 1839 Hatfield , Perry and Barch , ; Barch and Daniel 1840 I . Wright , ; Daniel I . Wright and Humphrey 41 ill k 1 8 . S e c Humphreys , ; John A and Humphreys , ’ k 1842 S illeck F red . 1843 ; an d W Seger, ; John C . 1844—45 . . Green and Mr Barch , ; Charles C Keyes , — — 1846 47 . . 1848 49 . ; S C Perry , ; Paul R Brown , — 1850 51 . 1852 Philip L Hoyt, ; Richard Wheatly — 1853 54 . 1855 ; Noble Lovett and Thos Bainbridge , ; 1 5 8 6 . O . E . Brown and Bainbridge , : A B . Davis , — — 8 . . 1859 60 . 1857 5 . ; R H Kelly , ; Wm F Browning — . . 186 1 . . 1 86 2 and A B Brown , ; J G Shrive , 6 3 ; 45 ’ N KI G S BRI DGE .

1864 . . . 1865 W H Smith , ; W H . Smith , ; A . Os — t ra n d er 1866 67 . . G allah u e 1868 , ; A C , W . M .

186 9 . 1870 . Plest ed 1871 Henry , ; A Ostrander, ; Wm , ; f 1872 . 1873 W . Tarleton , ; H Cro t, ; and Cyrus Nixon , — 1874 75 . Since that date the congregation has ’ worshipped at King s Bridge . U OF ’ CH RC H THE MEDIATOR (K ing s Bridge) . 15 1855 u Formed at meeting hel d August , , purs ant to f ’ o S t . notice given by the rector John s Church ,

Yonkers , who presided . Certificate recorded Novem

17 1856 . o f h ber , Name adopted The Church t e ” . a n d Mediator , Yonkers Abraham Valentine James

R . Whiting were elected wardens , and Thomas J . De

. . s Lancey , William O Giles , John C Sidney, Rus ell

Smith , Joseph H . Godwin , T . Bailey Myers , Daniel

Valentin e and David B . Cox , vestrymen . Certificate

. . . . Cor tlan dt executed by Rev A B Carter , A Van and f William O . Giles . The church , a ram e structure, was erected on land presented by James R . Whiting at a f cost o five thousand dollars , and the rectory on ad f j oining land soon a terwards . The church was con d 1 64 c rate 6 8 . se by Bishop Horatio Potter November , f in 1857 The O ficiating cl ergyman was Rev . T . f o f o . James Brown , the island Jamaica The rectors

. . 1858 have been Rev Corn elius W Bolton , June , , to

1859 . May , ; Rev Leigh Richmond Dickinson , June , 6 59 186 . . 18 . to June , ; and Rev William T Wilson ,

1866 . since October , — RIVERDALE PRESB YTERIAN CHURCH . Formed at 24th 1 863 a meeting held Wednesday , June , , Isaac G .

Johnson and Edwin P . Gibson presiding . The first

. D trustees chosen were Samuel N odge , Robert

Colgate , J . Joseph Eagleton , John Mott, James 46 ’ KI NG S BRIDGE .

S c r m ser . . r . y , Isaac G Johnson , William E Dodge , J ,

n d . Warren B . Sage a David B . Kellogg Certificate

f 14 1 86 3 . o incorporation recorded July , The church

o f building , stone, was completed and dedicated Octo fi 1 1 ab ou t ve . 1 863 . ber , Cost, thousand dollars The f stone parsonage adjoining was built soon a ter . The original membership was fifteen and the first elders were John Mott and Warren B . Sage . The pastors

: . 28 1863 have been George M Boynton , October , , to

186 7 . 25 1867 June , ; H enry H Stebbins , August , , to

28 1873 . 5 1874 December , , Charles H Burr , March , to

2 1 878 . 30 187 9 July 8, ; William R Lord , April , , to

20 1881 . 15 1883 November , ; Ira S Dodd , April , , the present pastor . Entire membership , one hundred and

- fi twenty ve . — CHRIST CHURC H (Riverdale) . Formed at a meet 10 1 6 86 .. . . h ing held September , Rev E M Peck , c air man . Henry L . Stone and Newton Carpenter were elected wardens, and Samuel D . Babcock , George W .

Knowlton , Thompson N . Hollister, Frederick Good ridge , Martin Bates , William W . Thompson , William

H . Appleton and Henry F . Spaulding , vestrymen .

Certificate by E . M . Peck , Percy R . Pyn e and Charles

. 15 1866 . H . P Babcock , recorded September , Cor

or ate W p name , The Rector, Church ardens and Ves f ” tr m en o . y Christ Church , Riverdal e The corner f 1865 stone O the church was laid in . It is built of f gran itic gneiss and is cruci orm . Rev . E . M . Peck

o . . D D acted as rect r until the Rev George D Wildes , . . , 1 868 . present rector , assumed charge, in The rectory f adj oining the church is a rame building . There are f w some beauti ul memorial windo s in the church , R notably one recently inserted by Percy . Pyne at a 47 ’ KING S BRI DGE .

of -five f cost twenty thousand rancs . It is a master

o f b . . Oud in ot piece the French school y E S and L . of O . Merson , Paris , representing the sup per at

Emm aus . — EDGE HILL CHAPEL (Spuyten Duyvil ) . Erected

1 869 . in , on land leased by Isaac G Johnson at a nomi nal rent . Services are conducted every Sunday even s o f ing by the pa tor Riverdale Presbyterian Church . WOODLAW N METHODIST E PISCO PAL CH URCH — in 18 5 (Woodlawn Heights ) . Organized 7 . Building erected on lots donated by E . K . Willard ; completed 1876 J and dedicated April , , by Bishop anes . Pas — : . . C . 1875 76 tors D W Van Gaasbeek , ; Aaron Coons , — — 1876 79 1880 81 . . 1881 ; Gustave Laws , ; J O Kern , , e - present incumbent . Memb rship , thirty n ine . ’ T P P U S . STEPHEN S METHODIST E ISCO AL CH R CH ’ — o f (King s Bridge) . Organized by trustees the Meth Mosh olu 18 5 odist Episcopal Church Bethel ( ) in 7 . 14 187 6 . Church completed an d dedicated May , Pas 1 5— 6 : . 87 7 tors D . W . C Van Gaasbeek , ; Aaron Coons, — — — 1 9 s 1 879 80 . 1880 82 876 7 ; David Ta ker, ; S Lowther , 2— in u m 188 83 . c R . H . Kelly, ; Isaac H Lent, present

f - bent . Membership , orty seven . ’ ’ — T U . S . JOHN S CH RC H (King s Bridge) Built under

f . D o . D the direction the Rev Henry A Brann , , and M c l k 3 1 880 C os e . dedicated December , , by Cardinal y

Since its erection Dr . Bran n has been aided in attend h t e . . ing to the congregation by Revs Fr Micena, Dr . M c Cor mic k Shrader , D . and William Fry , and the ’N ill O e . present assistant is Rev . Father Attached t h ’ to the church are e St. Joh n s Benevolen t Society ’ and St . Patrick s Temperance Society . Th e congre gation numbers about five hundred souls and is con 48

’ KI N G S BRIDGE .

D u ring the n ext five years Macom b purchased from

rm il e Isaac V e y , Joh n De Lancey , Isaac , John and

Matthias Valentine , Andrew Corsa and Augustus Van

‘ r la nd t Co t adj oining parcels, mostly salt meadow , mak in u g p nearly one hundred acres , bounded north by n rtla nd t b V a Co , east y the Albany road , south by the m b ’ Harle and Spuyten Duyvil , and west y Tippett s f o f Brook . Having Obtained rom the mayor , etc . ,

N e w 1800 York , in December, , a water grant exten d ’ of i ng across the creek , j ust east the King s Bridge

- w a f f (which reserved , however , a passage y fi teen eet for l f wide smal boats and cra t) , Macomb erected a four- story frame grist - mill extending out over th e n creek . Its power w as suppl ied by the alter ate ebb

f - and flow o the tide against its under shot wheel . Macomb ’s extensive real estate ventures proving dis Pa ar inamin astrous, p an d the mill were sold under f in 1810 oreclosure , and purchased by his son Robert . By an act o f 1813 th e latter was authorized to con struct a dam across the Harlem from B ussing ’s to ’ D evoe s for Point , and to use th e water milling pur poses, and erected at much expense the causeway ’ ” and bridge known as M acomb s Dam . Its gates a d mitted f ob the flood tide rom the East River, but structed its ebb , thus converting the Upper Harlem

- u into a m ill pond , having its o tlets undern eath the old mill an d through a raceway made on the West n chester side into Spuyte Duyvil Creek at low tide . The race supplied power to a marble - sawing mill t w hich s ood on a quay between it and the creek , and

n N e w 8d five hundred thousand acres i n Norther York , at . per acre . The ’ A a m M a ” dirondack Mount i ns were long known as Maco b s ount ins . 51 ’ K I N G S BRIDGE .

of which Perkins Nicolls was proprietor . Robert w as Macomb becoming involved , the property sold by

ff 1 1 s the sheri i n 8 8 . Ten years later it was pos essed by the “ N ew York Hydraulic Manufacturing and ” w as Bridge Company , by w hich an elaborate plan

f for - f a put orth m ill seats and a m anu acturing vill ge, b of f o f ased on a report Pro essor James Renwick ,

Columbia College , approved by Colonel Totten and f General Macomb , chie engineers United States army . 1 The enterprise proved abortive . The ol d grist z mill stood idle during many years , an d at l ength ’ was made usel ess by th e removal of Macomb s m 18 0 f D a . 3 . . b f o In Mary C P Macom , th e wi e Pa a rin amin Robert, acquired the p tract , an d during many years made the old stone tavern her home , ex

r isin o f e c g therein a generous hospitality , which w as f 184 Edgar Allen Poe a requent recipient . In 7

Mrs . Macomb laid out the estate into streets and plots , f f which she a terwards disposed o . Several houses were erected , stores and shops were Opened , a church o f built and a centre population established , which has grow n to several hundreds . There are now three u churches, a grammar school , police station , numero s stores, shops , saloons an d dwell ings . Among the

1 Riv It was proposed , i n an elaborate prospectus, to dam the Yonkers ’ - er (Tippett s Brook) near its mouth , and have gates opening down stream l w only . The bed of the stream and the sa t meadows through hich it fl - owed were to form a reservoir for tail water, which would empty itself

- i S k . nto puyten Duyvil Cree at low tide Fourteen mill seats, each fifty b - ‘ by one hundred feet, ordered the race ways, and an aggregate of at

~ - least two hundred and thirty four h orse power was assured for mills . 2 l 56 It fe l down about 18 . 52 ‘ KI NG S B RIDGE .

— 1 well known residents are Joseph H . Godwin , William m W il G . Ackerman , Willia O . Giles , George Moller, liam A . Varian , M . D . , Benj ami n T . Sealey , William h H . Geer, Jo n Parsons, M . D . , Rev . William T . Wil n t so and o hers . —A SPUYTEN D UYVI L . vill age (and until recently a post o fli c e) located o n the southerly en d of Spuyten o Duyvil Neck . The land was owned by Ge rge Tip

176 1 . pett, who died i n He devised it in several f parcels to his children an d grandchildre n . Soon a ter the Revolution it belonged to Samuel Berrien , 2 of who had married Dorcas Tippett, daughter George .

He sold to Abraham Berrien , a nephew , in whose u 1 5 1852 th family it con tin ued until abo t 8 0. In e f tract was in three arms , which were purchased that year and next by Elias Johnson , David B . Cox and

of . . Joseph W . Fuller , Troy , N Y They had surveys and plans made for a village to be called Fort Inde 3 e n d en c e to . p , but whi ch was changed Spuyten Duyvil Streets were opened and several houses erected o n the f T . h e hill , and a oundry was established at its base latter was afterwards bought an d extended into a - wh o w as rolling m ill by Jervis Langdon , succeeded

- by th e Langdon Rolling Mill Compan y . The Spuy

1 ’ M r . Godwin s residence is the old Macomb mansion , now altered and enlarged .

2 D r . A grandson of the first proprietor of the name . His wife was o : cas He had sons George , William , James and Thomas (all of whom : W married and had issue) , and daughters Jane , wife of Charles arner ; P s hebe , wife of George Hadley ; and Dorca , wife of Samuel Berrien . The N e w Re v. P William Berrien , rector of Trinity arish , York, and its histo rian , was a grandson of the latte r . 3 A t f er the Revolutionary fort, erroneously supposed to have occupied b ill this . 5 3 ’ KING S BRIDGE .

- l 1 867 ten Duyvil Rolling Mil Company , organized in , f n ext owned this property . A malleable iron oundry was established on adj oining premises by Isaac G .

Johnson an d now employs several hundred hands . There are about thirty private dwellings on th e ele f d o . vat e . . ground , in cluding the residences Mrs D B

s Cox , Thomas H . Edsall , George C . Holt , I aac G . 1 oh n son a n n J , Eli s Johnson , Gilber t Johnso , He ry R .

Lounsbery , David M . Morrison , George H . Petrie ,

u n a . Alb ert E . P t m , Joseph R Sergeant, Mrs . Peter

O . Strang , Warren B . Sage , Henry M . Smith and others . Immed iately n orthward is a tract of th ree hundred

- fi ft . and y six acres , also know n as Spuyten Duyvil Frederick Van Cor tlan d t purchased it in several par w 176 8 1788 his cels bet een and , an d built house on a commanding spot on the easterl y side , approached by a private road leading Up from the post road at Mo A u sholu . He devised this property to his brother u u gustus , by whose will it passed to a grandson , A g s u o f tus F . Morris , who ass med the name Van Cort h u th e l andt . From him Jam es R . W iting bo ght tract in 1836 and about 1840 erected a large stone over look in th e mansion on the western side , g Hudson .

Samuel Thomson , William C . Wetmore and Dani el ’ Ewin g became interested i n Whiting s purchase i n 1841 , and they subsequently divided it into parcels St retchin g from the Hud son across the neck to Tip ’ o pett s Brook . Thomson t ok the northerly parcel , on which stood a large ston e house erected about 1 822

1 resid es in h as Mr . Johnson the old Berrien house , which he enlarged and improved . 5 4 ’ KING S B RIDGE . on the site o f the Upper destroyed in that year by fire . Surrounded by well laid out and

- highly improved grounds, it is now the residence o f ’ Waldo Hutchins . Near by is Hiram Barney s beau ” - t fu . ti l country sea , Cedar Knolls The Whiting

. r A d mansion is occupied by James R Whiting, J .. of joining is the house James A . Hayden . Th e late ’ General Joh n Ewen s country - seat on this tract is now occupied by his widow . 1853 o n t h e HUDSON PARK was laid out i n , westerly ’ part of Samuel Thomson s tract . A singl e house on the river - side was the only on e erected fo r m any

of n years . There is now a cluster small dwelli gs a s known Cooperstown , on this tract . o f f m North Hudson Park , and extending across ro w as th e Hudson to the Albany road , the old Hadl ey f o f fift - o f arm two hundred and y seven acres , which 1 2 William Hadley died seized in 80 . He purchased f the southerly part, about one hun dred an d fi ty acres exten ding u p to the l ine o f the Manor of Phillips f Co rtlan d t 1761 burgh , rom James Van , in , and the f th e of f remainder rom Commissioners For eiture , May ld 18 1786 . o , H e lived in the ston e house yet stand of ing on this tract, just west the post road . Joseph ’ D elafi eld purch as ed the farm from Hadley s ex ecu ’ in 1829 it D elafield tors , and is n ow own ed by s

o f children an d grandchildren . The residence Maturin D elafi eld o n o f L . is the west side Riverdal e Avenue . f D elafi eld S Th e house o the late Lewis L . tands on of the brow the hill overlooking the Hudson . Mr . ’ - . On William E Dodge s coun try seat is on this tract . th e west side of Riverdale Avenue is a n ew fir e- engi ne house , th e first erected in the old Yonkers . Its tower 55 ’ KING S B RIDGE .

u o ld in 176 2 contains a melodio s Spanish bell , cast by

lo n art L .

— A a RIVERDALE . vill ge (and until recently a post oifi c e of Ph illi sb u r h ) situated on part p g Manor , wh ich o f f was sold . by the Commissioners For eiture to George

6 1785 . 1843 . Hadley , December , In William G Ack o f erman acquired about one hundred acres this tract ,

f 1853 . part o which was purchased in by W W . Wood worth , H . L . Atherton , Samuel D . Babcock and C . W . of Foster , and laid out as the village Riverdale . In

1856 Henry F . Spaul ding and others laid out the land ” adj oining on the south as The Park , Riverdal e . On these lands have since been erected a number of beau

f - o f ti ul country houses , including those William H . n Appleton , Samuel D . Babcock , Marti Bates , George

H . Bend , Robert Colgate , William S . Duke , R . L . d Frankl in , George H . Forster , Frederick Goodri ge ,

Laura Harriman , D . Willis Jam es , Percy R . Pyne ,

Moses Taylor Pyn e , Henry F . Spaulding , H . L . Ston e and others . There are two churches and a school l f Ri r le o ve d a . house , but no places business in

MT . . A N D ST VINCENT THE SISTERS O F CHARITY . — I n the northwest corner of what was formerly the ’ o o f t wn King s Bridge , lying along the Hudson River, an d partly j utting over th e northern boundary of the o f o f city New York i nto the adj oining city Yonkers , — of f is Mount St . Vi ncent the property the Sisters o Charity— a picturesque tract o f more than fifty acres of lan d , together with the convent an d other build

1 S r Between Riverdale and Mount t . Vincent is a pa t of the old Joh n

W A . arner farm , formerly owned by Schermerhorn , and another part

E E . . n . S owned by J . . Bettner, F Brow and others ome fine stone

o - c untry houses have recently been erected on these tracts . 56

’ KING S BRIDGE .

fr of e f ont two hundred and s venty eet, has by l ater additions been enlarged to more than five hundred f of f eet rontage , making a handsome brick structure,

three stories in height, with high basement and attic f and a lo ty spire .

’ M other Angela s term o f office expired in 186 2 since which date Mother Jerome and Mother Regina

n have successively ruled th e order . Mother A gela 1866 1879 died in , Mother Regina i n and Mother 1 885 Jerome in , since which date Sister M . Ambrosia, wh o - fi ve f of , twenty years be ore , had been in charge ’ the girls parish school in Yonkers , then treasurer at l . . su b se e n t o f Mt St Vincent , and q y the head the ’ Girls Protectory at Westchester , and later assistant

moth er at Mt . St . Vin cent, has been the Mother

Superior there . The south half of the convent building contains th e ’ of . . of Academy Mt St Vincent, a girls school the tw o high est class , numbering between and three o hundred pupils , with the phil sophical apparatus and f the appointments o a college . Th e pupils are divided into many classes , each class under th e imm e d iate charge of a Sister specially sel ected for her fu natural endowments and care l training . Si ster 1 s Maria (Mary C . Dodge) has long been the directres o f th e academy, subordinate to the Mother Superior . f The academic course runs through our years , pre b y a fo r wh o ceded preparatory school those need it,

f - and ollowed by a post graduate course . The north half o f th e conven t is th e mother house o f i o f the S sters , th e resi dence the Mother Superior

1 A of e is uthoress an int resting h tory of the institution . 58 ' KI NG S B RIDG E .

w o f an d her assistants , ith the Sisters the academy , as well as those at home from the outside m issions for in needed rest or broken health , so that there are usu th ally a hun dred S isters or more in the house . At e th e s aciou s extreme north end is now p novitiate, built

in 1885 . The institution has a hundred novices in a ’ two years course o f training and probation under o f the Mother Novices , and there are usually a dozen or twenty cand idates for the novitiate awaiting ad mission through three months or more o f proba tion .

The convent chapel , as large as a parish church , is in an extension to the east , nearly in the middle ’ o f the convent, between th e Sisters department o f and that th e pupils . The convent has a large o f of number fin e paintings and works art, an d everything about the building is admirabl e for its neatness and good order , and the extensive grounds ’ f are al ways well kept . The carriage drive rom the convent to the eastern entrance at Riverdal e

f i n Avenue is about hal a mile l ength , an d to ou of wards the west, the Hudson , a quarter a mil e

f . rom the convent door, is the Mt . St Vincent Station of the New York Central and Hudson River Rail ’ is road , ou the Sisters own grounds . The institution supplied with gas an d with water from the Yonkers o f works, and is under the protection the New York f City police . The picturesque stone castl e o Edwin Forrest still stands between the convent and th e f railroad station , and a part is made the dwelling o the f th chaplain o the institution . The l arger rooms on e first floor are occupied by th e museum o f n atural o f n history , th e collection minerals bei g unusually 59 ’ KING S BRI DGE .

1 b o f large and good , an d there is also a fin e ca inet ” coins and medals .

o n - On their own ground , a side street n ear River d 1 875 o f ale Avenue , the Sisters , in , built , at a cost ’ over twenty thousand dollars, St Vincent s Free ” y f School , a brick building sixt by n inety eet, where own f they continue to teach , at their cost, a ree primary school n ow numbering about one hundred f and fifty boys and girls o the vicinity .

of . The residences Edmund D Randolph and Mr .

B . Cuthbert adj oin this property on the south . 3 M OS HOLU is an o ld hamlet and post -offic e skirting in the Albany post road , known early the century as ’ ” Warner s , where many years ago there were a — church (Methodist) , school house , store , blacksmith

- of and wagon shop and a cluster dwellings .

— A r WOODLAW N HEIGHTS . village (and until e

e ntl -oth c y a post ee) on the Harlem Railroad , laid out in 1 873 by George Opdyke and others on a part o f the f ol d Gilbert Val entine arm , in the Yonkers . E . K . Willard exten ded t h e village northward the sam e year to the Mile Square road o n land formerly part of Ph illi of p se Manor . A church and a number small

- on dwelling houses have been erected these plots . ’ V A N CORT LA N D T S is a station o n the New York

City and Northern Railroad , located near the old n n d V an Co rtla dt pond a mills . Near by are the ice

o f . houses and residence George R Tremper . Th e historic old mansion now th e residence o f

u Co r tlan d t few n A gustus Van , stands a hu dred yards

‘ P r E A N e w D . . . . resented by S F . rnold , of York 2 th is a 1847 Forrest purchased est te i n , and called it Font Hill . 3 l i ’ 8 0 cal ed after the Ind an name of Tippett s Brook . 60 ’ KI N G S BRIDGE .

’ D on ck s northward , upon Van der ancient planting fi l - o e d . Opposite to the car h uses , beyond the station - o f is an ancient burial place , probably that the Betts f m an d Tippett a il ies in the seventeenth century . OL A F F PARK is a nam e given to about on e hundred ’ Of acres the Van Cortlan d s estate, purchased and

186 9 . . W laid out in by W N oodworth , and so called after th e n ame o f the ancestor o f the Van Cortla ndts in America . N O improvem ents have been made On this tract except to Open streets and avenues . M — f WOODLAW N CE ETERY . This beauti ul city Of th e dead consists of about four hundred acres on the Of a heights the Bronx , extending westward to n a n f cient road , whose line is now ollowed by Central f Avenue . The house o Abraham V e r milye stood on 1 its easterly side in 178 . Early in this century John

Bussing, Daniel Tier , William and Abraham Valen tine owned the farms Of which the cemetery is n o w composed . The cemetery was organized in Decem 1863 Of ber, , and the improvement the grounds c om

m en c ed 1 864 . i n April , The first interment was made 14 1865 January , , since which time there have been w Of - up ards twenty six thousand burials therein . A I LROA D s — w as R . The earliest the New York and 12 Harlem , along the easterl y bounds, chartered May , 1831 1837 opened to H arlem , , and to White Plains , 44 18 . For n early thirty years the nearest station was ’ at Williams Bridge . There is on e now at Woodlawn . 25 The Hudson River Railroad , chartered April , 1831 , was Opened along the w esterly boun ds o f the

1850. district about Stations Spuyten Duyvil , Riv d al er e . and Mount St Vincent . The Spuyten Duyvil 24 1 and Port Morris Railroad , chartered April , 867 61 ’ S KING B RI DGE .

18 1 : was Opened in 7 . Stations S puyten Duyvil an d ’ N e w King s Bridge . The York City an d Northern as 1 Railroad w reorganized and Opened in 878 . Sta ’ ’ ortl n d tions : King s Bridge and Van C a t s . — 1 E D UCTs. . 1 A Q U The Croton aqueduct, begun 837

1842 o f and completed , passes al ong th e brow Valen ’ ’ 2 tine s, Gun and Tetard s Hills . . Th e Bronx River

su l d eter min ed 1879 an d water p p y, upon in Opened

9 1884 f - - S eptember , , is carried in a orty eight inch cast - iron conduit pipe along the west side o f the Bronx Of f to Woodlawn and thence to the top the hill , hal a ’ o f d istr i mile west Williams Bridge Station , where a buting reservoir is located an d whence thirty -six inch pipes distribute the water to the Twenty - third an d

- f . 3 . Twenty ourth Wards The new Croton supply , de

rmin ed 1884 in t e upon in and work progress , will go

l n 4 d o e . . . near the O , mostly through rock tunnel Mt

i D u vils S t . V ncent, Riverdale and Spuyten y have

f - 1 2 been supplied rom Yonk er water works since 88 . SC HOO LS — The most ancient was the French

- f 1 o 772 . boarding school Dominie Tetard , Opened in Early in the century there was a school - house near ’ Warner s store an d another on the Mil e Square road , ’ - Mosh olu n ear D evo e s. The school house at (now 0 67 w as 184 . Gramm ar N O . ) erected about The one ’ m N 66 at King s Bridge (now Gram ar School O . ) was 1 2 erected in 87 . The on e at Spuyten Duyvil (now

44 w as 1859 . r Primary N O. ) erected about Prima y

48 d 1 880. N O. , at Woo lawn , was established in The e for n Riverdal e Institute , a s minary you g l adies, and the boarding - school for boys at Huds o n Park have been closed for several y ears . The academy at Mount

St . Vincent is mentioned under th at h ead . 52

A P PE NDIX .

Know ye that by vertue Of the Commission an d

Hi h n e ss Authority given unto m ee by his Royall g e ,

of fi tt t o the D uke Yorke , I have thought Give ,

fy Con fi rm e h Rati , and Graunt , And by t ese presents

o f Con fi r m e d Give , Rati y and Graunt unto the said

f h e r e s Hu gh Oneale and Mary his wi e , their y as signes all the af ore mentioned Parcel l o r Tract O f N e er h an e w Land called p p Together ith all woods ,

Me a d o we s Cr e e k e s Marshes , Pastures waters , Lakes , , ' h in fi in ivo le tts fii s owl . R , g, Huntin g an d g An d all

Pr o fitts t o other , Commodities and Emoluments , the

Of d said Tract Lan belonging , with their an d every o f a n d O f their Appurtenances , every part and Par cell thereof To have an d t o hol d the said Tract O f ’ r misse s w A Lan d and p , ith all an d Singular their p purtenances , unto the said Hugh Oneale and Mary

f Heir e s an d his wi e , their Assignes , to the proper

b eh o of e Of use an d the send Hugh Oneale , and Mary

f He ir e s an d f or his wi e , their Assignes ever , Hee ,

o r or o f Ren d r in- shee they any them , g an d Paying

D u t e s o r such Acknowledgments an d y , as are shall bee Constituted an d Ordained , by his Royal l High

v u o f h is He ir e s o r nesse e D ke Yorke an d , such ’ G over n ou r and Governo rs as shall from time t o time be appointed and sett over them ; with this if f Proviso , That at any time herea ter , his Royall

Hi h n e sse He ir e s o r g , his , Successors Assignes , shall n k e fi tt t o u se Of f or th i make any Timber Shipping , ' o r f or Erecting o r repairing Of fi ort s w ithin this

r f or an d Government , a Liberty is rese ved such uses

O f e u p urposes , to Cutt any sorts Timb r , pon any on d of t o I mplanted Grounds , the sai Tract Land ,

e W h arf es or mak Docks , Harbors , , Houses , any 64 A P P E NDI X .

t other conveniencies relating there unto , And also o

o f Rivo letts I n lett s O f make use any Rivers , and t o af or e sd f f Water , the purposes as ully an d reely , as if n o su ch Patent had beene gr au n te d ; Given u fi or t nder my hand and Seale , at James in New

o n of Manh atan s Yorke , the Islan d , the Eighth day

O f e ar e Of B October , in the Eighteenth y the aigne f o u r S o ver e i n e O g Lord , Charles the Second , by the ' o f G o d o f fi r an c e grace , England , Scotland , and Ire

’ f O f fi aith & c lan d King , De ender the , And in the

o 16 6 year e Of ou r Lord G d 6 . A S RICH RD NICOLL .

’ A SS A A To A S IGNMENT , O NE LE ND WIFE ELI DOUGHTY.

n "Indorsed o the Patent . ] These Presents wittn e sse that I Hu gh Oneale with the Consent Of Mary my Wife D o e A ssigne an d set t over unto my B rother in Law Elias Doughty o f ffiu sh in g in the County Of Yorkshire o n Long Islan d his heirs and Assignes f o r Ever all my whole Right title an d Interest belonging t o me and Mary my wif e m en Con e d in this Pattent as wittn e sse my hand this th ir tith Day Of october 166 6 Acknowledging hereby t o have Received full S attisfac tion for the same the

r f Day and ye a e A oresaid .

HUGH ONEALE .

MARY ONE ALE .

fii sh er Ok sann e . Testis Edward , John

A SS N E D E LA V A LL P I PS A N D IG M NT, DOUGHTY TO , HILL

"Indorsed on the Paten t ] I d o e hereby Assigne and Transporte all my Right Title and Interest t o the within wr itten Pattent an d 65 APPE NDI X .

Premisses unto Thom as D elavall Esq r ff r ed ric k ’ s M erc h t Th o f or Phillip an d . Lewis Marriner A

Con sid e r acOn witn e sse f h Valuable . In whereo I ave hereunto Sett my han d seal e this 29 th Day of 16 2 March 7 . A S ELY DOUGHTY (seal) .

‘ Seal ed Delivered & ackn ow ledged bef ore m e Mat ’ F er r m . thias Nicolls , y

John Sharpe .

t o "The above assignm ent, while it purports “ f n o t c on trans er the Pattent an d Prem isses , did

Of f Of o r vey the whole the latter , prior trans ers p

Of th e to tions lan d having been made by Doughty ,

u z su b Archer , B etts Tippett , and Hadden , . ]

A A DEED , ELI S DOUGHTY TO JOHN RCHER .

’ Ar c h r 24th f Recorded f or Mr . John this day o

m D m 16 71 . S epte ber , Ann o ’ Know all Men by these p r se n ts that I Elyas

Doughty o f Flushing d o e sell unto Mr . John Archer

’ ' o f West - Ch e st r his Heyr e s Assigns fi ou r e sc o r e f o f l ein Acres o Upland , and thirty Acres Meadow y g being betwixt Brothers River and the W ate in g

Of Of Manh atan s if Place at ye En d the Islan d , and

n ot . fi tt f o r or Ho ye Lan d be to Cleare ye Pl ow w , this Land is to lye together An d if there be n ot all

u o r if such Lan d together as there sho ld , there shoul d happen to be eight or ten Acres o f Land that

t fi tt f or to is n o such Use , Then ye said Archer is

e e u all Ri h t have it with ye rest, and hee shall hav q g an d Privilege in ye Comm ons as any of their Men t n o e e shall have within hat Patent, that hath mor 66 APPE NDIX .

to Arable Lan d , and ye Meadow is be mowe d all . f 1666 As Witness my Han d this first O March . A s

W ittn e ss if is there shoul d lye any more Land , that

‘ ' t o fi ou rt or say between y thirty Acres , It is all in Common And I am to give ye said Archer a fi r m e

B ill O f Sale under my Hand an d Seale . A ELI S DOUGHTY . A S K E LE Y THOM O .

I Elias Dou ghty d o e own t o have receive d full Satisfaction o f ye said Archer f o r ye said Land ’ Meadow ye House is yett t o be A n d ye said A r c h r is to have his within th e above said

Tract o f Land . ’ S ep temb r ye 18th 1667 .

It is t o be understoo d that Mr . John Archer is t o ' have the fi r e sh est B oggy Mead o w that lye th o n ye S o f w Of South ide Westchester Path , ithin ye Patent ’ of c h Mr . Oneal e w ithin his second Purchase w is upon Con sid eracon that y e said John Archer shal l pay t o ye said D oughty A s Witness my Hand

E LrA s DOUGHTY .

A S A S N D DEED, ELI DOUGHTY TO WILLI M BETT A GEORGE

PP TI ETT .

’ f r Recorded o George Tippett ff e b ry 22th 16 70 .

’ B e it k n o wn e unto all men by th e ise p r sen t s that I Elias Doughty Of fidu sh in g in ye North B yding Of ’ Yorkshire o n Long Islan d in America w th in ye ’ ’ ss y Terr itor ye s of his R . H e Duke of Yorke u n d r ’ ’ Of Hon b le Co l ye Command ye Rt . Richard Nicolls

’ ’ ’ Governo r G en r ll o f ye sam e have by vertue Of ye Assignation of a Pattent from my brother in Law 67 APPENDIX .

Mr . Hugh Oneale Mary his wife al ienated estranged ’ demised bargained sou ld d o by th eise p r sents alyen ate estrange demise b argain e sel l a parte p arcell Of that Lan d meadow belonging to ye said Pattent f or in consideration o f a con siderable

’ sume received t o receive w c h land meadow I the abovesaid Dou ghty have sol d unto William B etts George Tippett wh o are p o ssest Of parte of ’ ’ ye same (viz t) ye said Land m ead o we w c h was f ormerly in ye possession occupation Of o ld You nc k e r van der D ou n c k x ye planting f eild belong in g to ye said Purchase t o be O f ye North syde Of ve d said purchase , ye marke trees making mention

’ of w c h R ver ye same , rune west to Hudsons y ’ East to B r o n c k e his Ryve r w c h all ye Upland fro m

R v r to B ronx his y e Southward Westchester path , so runs due East West beginning at ye boggy

’ Swamp w th in ye Lib e r tye Of ye said Pattent ye S o u th war d m o st bounds to run by ye path that r unneth o r lye th by ye North end of ye aforesaid Swamp so t o run du e East to B r on ck s his Ryve r ’ due west to that m ead o w e w c h com eth from ye ’ w c h m e ad owe f wading place , all ye rom ye Stake ’ w c h is on ye Eastward syde o f the abovesaid wad ’ ' in g place w c h is n ow in controversy b e twe e ne me

’ ye abovesai d Dou ghty som e Inhabitants w thin ’ w c h Harlem , all ye Meadow betwixt the above said Stake Eastward Hudsons Ryver Westward f rom ye abovesaid wading p lace at ye N ith er m ost ’ e n d Of Manh atan s w th e Islan d , all y Uplan d betwixt that Hudsons River westward so runnin g north ward t o ye East West lyne before mentioned at ye end o f ye planting field except ye thirty Acres Of 68 P A PE NDI X .

’ o e w th u m ead w I have sol d nto Mr . John Archer ’ w c h ye abovesaid B etts an d Tippett is t o see f ou rm ed u f or p nto ye abovesai d John Archer, ’ that parcell Of m e ad o we w c h is n ow in Controversy b e twe en e ye Harl em m en myself e if it be recovere d by them o r their ord er th e y shall peaceably enjoy ye Sam e according t o ye Tenor of ye Pattent payin g ' unto me or my order Ten poun ds Of Current passable

to e c u stom e o f th e ise pay according y partes , in

Case ye same due shal l be recovere d then Mr . John Archer his proportion o f Thirty Acres o f M ead o we is to run upward by ye Island where h e is t o h ave , ve f o f ul l compl ement ye said Thirty Acres , Al l ’ ’ w c h I have fro m myse lf e my h e ir e s o r any o th r ’ ’ p son or p son s intereste d o r concern ed in ye said Pattent Sol d made over unto ye afore mentioned

’ Wil liam B etts George Tippett o r e ith r o f them their b eires Executors o r Assigns TO have to hol d f or ever , ye same p eaceably quietly to enjoy maintaining ye Same f ree from all Incumbrances o f ’ ’ any p son o r p son s concerned in ye Pattent Indians

to u d t . Excepted , It is be nderstoo tha Mr Archers Me a d ow e is t o be laid o u t in Case Harlem men enjoy their possession at ye Stake parting ye said m ead o w e ’ in c on tr ove r sye ye other m e a d o we w c h I have o ssest of witn e s f p them , In whereo I have hereunto sett my ha nd and Seale this 6 th Day Of July Anno ’ D m 16 68 r . in ye 20th ye a e o f ye B aigne of O r S ove r eign e Lord Charles ye Second by ye Grace Of G o d Of England Scotlan d ffr an c e Ireland King f Of f & . A S De en der ye aith c ELI DOUGHTY . ’ Signed Sealed delivered in ye p r sen c e o f u s JOHN

RA A S A . HOLDEN, JOHN DON, JOHN M R H LL 69 A P P E N DIX .

E A T HA . DE D, ELI S DOUGHTY o JOHN DDEN

f o r n 26 th 16 72 J o . . Recorde d Heddy, Sept . B ee it kn own unto al l Men by these Presents that I Elyas Doughty o f fi u sh in g in the North Riding Of ’ York - shire o n Lon g Island in Am erica W th in ye Terr itorye s o f his Royall Highness the Duke o f ’ u o f Hon b le Yorke , nder ye Comman d the Right ’

. e n all o f Coll Richard Nicolls Governor G the same , by vertu e o f the A ssign aco n Of a Patent f rom my f B rother in Law Mr . Henry Oneale Mary his Wi e , have alienated , estranged , demised , bargained , sold , doe by these Presents alienate , estrange , de

b ar ain e o f mise , g sell unto John Heddy late West ’ w thin th e Chester Riding , Government above men tione d tw o hundred Acres O f V p lan d b elonging t o - o f the said Patent , to beginn at ye North side the fi Planting eld , where ye abovesaid John He ddy shall ’ se e viz t t th e most convenient o beginn at West , f runn towards the East, the length breadth thereo t o bee as the Purchaser shall see most Com o d io u s

’ w c h is f or and in considerati on Of f ull Satisfaction already receive d by a Horse And f urther I the sai d Elyas Doughty d o e make over an d deliver unto the said John Heddy twenty Acres more Of V p la n d ad ’ o n in t o t wo c h j y g the abovesai d hundred , w is all to beginn a t the Northside o f the Plantin g fi el d belong in g t o William B etts and George Tippett from ye

o f t o West end the Land , runn in length Eastward towards B r On c k s River ; And f urther I the above said Elyas Doughty have sold unto the abovesaid n o n e r d l I o . f lan Heddy hund ed Acre s more O V p , y ing and being in the af oresaid Range f o r in c on 70

APPE ND IX .

d u length due East Eighty Chayne , in breadth e f North Thirty six Chayne fi ty Lincks , being t o Of bounded ye Southward by the Lands Wm . t o B etts George Tippett ye Eastward , North ’ of ward , Westward by ye Lands Capt De Lavall ’ ’ w oh aforementi oned Land was su rvey d layd ou t x r t u s by mee as afore e p e s . Given nder my Hand thi 1 2 3d day o f September 6 7 .

ROBERT RID ER .

E A D E LAV A LL A N D E . D ED, ELI S DOUGHTY TO OTH RS

To all Christian People to whom this Present write ing shall Come Elyas Doughty Of fi u sh in g in North Ryd ein g o f York e sh ire up on Long Island send eth Greetin g in o u r Lord G od Everlasting whereas the said Elyas Dou ghty Standeth p osse st O f A c on sid er ab le porcon o f a Certaine Tract o r parcell Of Land upon the Maine Continent w ithin this his ’ ’ ’ Roy ll High ss his G ove r nm t Commonly Calle d the Yo u n c k e r s Lan d f or the which their was a Pattent ’ g rau n te d by the late Governor Coll Ric h d Nicolls unto Hugh Oneale and Mary his Wi fe wh o wa s the wid d o w and Relict o f Adrian Vander Dunck by Vir ’ tue whereof an A ssign m t and Transporte of their whole Right Title an d Interest was f o r a Valuable Co n sid e raeo n made by the said Hugh Oneale and Mary his Wif e unto the said Elyas Doughty his b eires and Assignes together with th e Original] Pat t ent an d all the Pr ivilid ge s and Perquisites there unto belonging ; n ow know ye s that the said Elyas

D oughty f or an d in Consideration o f .th e sume Of Eighty pounds or goods t o the valu e thereof att mony price in hand payed or secure d t o be paid att 72 APPENDIX . o r before the E n se ale in g an d Delivery hereof by ’ ’ Thomas D elavall o f the City O f New Yorke E sq r ’ Fredrick Phillips Of the same Citty Mer c h t an d ’ Thomas Lewi s of the same place Mar r in r Doth hereby Acknowledge and thereof Doth acquit Exon

e r ate . D elavall an d Discharge them the said Thom , Fredrick Phillips an d Thomas Lewis their heirs ’ Ad min is tor s r au n t e d Executors and hath given g ,

Aliened , bargained , Sold , Ensealed confirmed an d by these Presents Doth f u lly Cle er ly an d Absolutely give grant alien b argain e sell and Confi r m e unto the said Thomas D elavall ff r e d r ic k Phillips and Thomas ’ ’ Lewis their h eir e s Executors Ad m r tor s an d Assignes f or ever al l the Rem ain e in g parte Of that Tract or Parcell Of Land in his D isp o sall within the Limitts O f Af or em en c on e d an d precincts the Pattent , Ex c ep tin g only ou t o f the Generall Pattent Af oresaid w ithin the Lymitts and precincts Of the Patent Afor e m en c on e d Excepting only o u t Of the General] ’ Pattent a fo r e s d what is herein Excepted That is to say A parcell Of Land Sol d by him the said Elyas Doughty V n to John Archer his h eyr e s an d Assignes

n e ar e A d o n e in . another parcell j y g, sol d unto Wm B etts George Tippett an d John Heddy as also e A Mile square o f Lan d w ithin the said Pattent by B r on c k s River near East Chester sold unto som e o f Of the Inhabitants that place , All which said par cel ls are p e r tic u lerly sett f orth with their Ruttin gs and B o u n d ings in the Respective B ills Of Sal e Signe d an d Delivered by the said Elyas D o u gh tv t o th e i said persons Concerne d , And likewise the sa d Elyas Dou ghty Doth hereby Assigne and transporte all his Right titl e and Interest to the r e m ain e in g parte 73 A P PE NDIX .

of the said Pattent together w ith the original Pattent an d all Deeds W rite in gs an d E sc rip ts Concerning the same unto the same Thomas De Lavall fi r e d ric k Phillips and Thomas Lewis their b eires Executors

’ ’ A d m st or s and Assignes as also e all the Rights Roy altye s Pr ivilid ge s I m m u nityes an d Profi ts thereunto belonging o r in any wise ap p e r tain ein g in as ample manner as hee h im se lf e or the sai d Hugh Oneale an d

f TO Mary his Wi e hel d the same , have and To hol d the said Land an d Pr e m m isse s hereby granted bar gained Sol d with their and every of their Rights p r ofi tts an d Appurtenances unto the said Thomas D e lavall Fredrick Phillips and Thomas Lewis their b eires an d Assignes unto t h e prop er u se an d b eh o of e o f them the sai d Thomas D elavall Fredrick Phillips and Thomas Lewis their h e ire s an d Assignes f or

f or h im selfe h i ever . And the said Elyas Doughty s ’ ’ beires Executors Ad m r tor s and f o r every of them Doth Covenant Promiss e Grant to and with the said Thomas D e lavall Fredrick Phillips and Thomas ’ ’ Lewis their beire s Executors Ad m r t or s and As ’ to w th O f y signes and and every them , that the the said Thomas D e lavall Fredrick Phillips and Thomas Lewis their b eires an d Assignes shall and may from henceforth f or ever peaceably and quietly u se an d s have hold Occupy , possesse Enjoye the aid d f w Lan an d premisses be ore Recited , (excepted hat is herein Excepted) without the Lett I n t e r ru p c on o r Co n tr a d ic c on o f him the said Elyas D oughty his ’ ’ b eires or Assignes o r O f any p r son o r p r son s Claym f or or an of in g rom by under him , them y them ; An d that the said Lan d is an d shall be quitt an d ffr e e f rom any Incumbrance Of Dowry or Joyntu r e Mort 74 A P PE NDIX .

o r f or w gage , ormer Grant, Sal e other then hat is

’ herein e xp r e st an d shall make good the same w ith ’ ’ rso n s Te s Warranty ag t all other p whatsoever . In tim on y Whereof hee the said Elyas Doughty Hath hereunto Putt his hand an d Seale the twenty ninth Day of November in th e twenty f ourth Year e o f the B eigne Of o u r S o vereign e Lord Charles the Secon d by the Grace Of G o d o f England Scotlan d fi a nce ’ ’ ' ’ n d I r el d D ef e n d r Of fi aith & c A O a King the D .

1 6 72 .

’ Sealed an d Delivered in the p r sen c e o f Matthias

Nicolls , John Sharpe .

A S ELY DOUGHTY ( Seale) .

A N D I PP PA BETTS T ETT TENT .

A Con fi rm acon O f a Certaine Parcell of Lan d upon ye Maine Granted to Wm . B etts George Tippett . ’ ’ Francis Lovelace Esq r &c Whereas Elyas Doughty Of fi u sh in g hath f o r a Valuabl e Consideration by B il l o f Sale bearing date ye 6 th day Of July 16 68 ’ c onvey d made over unto Wm . B etts George Tippett late Of West Chester a Certaine parcel l o r Tract Of Land u pon ye Maine being part Of a Greater ’ Q uantity heretofore belonging to Adriaen V an d r ’ Donck 85 Grante d by Patent f rom Governo r Nic o lls t o Hugh Oneale Mary his Wife wh o was ye W id d o w Relict of ye said Vander Donck f rom them Con ’ ’ vey d together w th al l their Title Interest in ye ’ Premisses unto ye ab ove s d Elyas Doughty his Heyr e s A ssign e sf; The said Parcel l or Tract Of Lan d Containing that piece where f ormerly the Ol d ’ Vander D on ck s House stood together w th ye 75 P AP E NDIX.

Meadow Grou nd Planting fi eld ye North side o f ’ w c h said fi eld by ye marked Trees is their North

B ounds soe to run West t o - Hu dsons River East t o ’ Bronx his River w th all ye V p lan d f rom B r on c k s ’ ’ his River a f or e s d Southward to West Ch est r Old ’ Path so e West t o ye Meadow Grou nd w c h c om ’ eth from ye W a d ein g Place w th all ye Meadow from ye Stake to ye Eastward of ye said W ad ein g Place s o e along as Harlem River Bunns into Hudsons River Reserving Thirty Acres o f Meadow Ground only o u t o f ye said p r Op o r co n O f Land unto John ’ Archer according t o agr e e m t made between h im ye sai d Elias Doughty as in the B ill of Sale afore ’ m e n con ed is sett f orth o f w c h said parcell o r Tract ’ o f Land 8: p r m isses o r ye greatest part thereof they

8: o r ye said Wm . B etts George Tippett their As signes are n o w in a ctu a l] 8: real] possession ; N ow Know Yee That by vertue o f ye Commission Au th o r ity unto mee given by his Royall Highness I have Ratifye d Confirm ed G rau n te d b v these ’ p r se n ts d o e Ratify Co n fi r m e Graunt u nto ye afore He r e s named Wm . B etts George Tippett their y Assign es ye aforementione d Parcell Tract Of Land ’ w th M e ad owe s Together all ye Wood Lan d , Past

Pr ofi tts ures , Marshes , Waters , Creeks , all other ’ Co m od it e s 8: E m olu m ts to o r y , ye said Parcel l Tract O f Land Premisses within ye B ounds ’ Lym itt s a for e s d described belonging or in any ’ wi se appertaining w th all ot her particulars B ene fi tts in any Clause o f their B ill o f Sale made m ention ’ Off w th this Pr oviso e that what is herein G rau nte d ’ ’ d o e n oe w ay p r ju d ic e ye New Towne Of fi or d h am ’ n o r what hath been done by my Or d r towards their 76 A PPE NDIX .

’ S ettlem t To have 85 t o hol d all 85 Singular ye ’ ’ s d Parcell 85 Tract of Land 85 Premisses w th their

85 o f A er te n an c e s t o every their p p ye said Wm . B etts 85 Ge orge Tippett their Heyr e s 85 Assignes

u se 85 B eh o o f e o f unto ye proper ye said Wm . B etts 81 George Tippett their Heyr e s 8c Assignes forever ’ Ren d rin g 85 Paying such D u tye s 85 A c k n o wle d gm ts As n o w are or hereafter shall bee Constitute d ’ E stab lish t by ye Lawes Of this G overnm t u nder ye Obedience Of his Royall Highness h is Heyr es 8: Suc ’ c e r 82: th sso s . Given under my Hand Sealed w ye Seale o f ye Provi nce at ffor te James in New Yorke 2 ’ ’ h this 0th day o f fi eb r ry . in ye 23t Ye ar e Of the ’ nn o B eigne Of O r S o ve raign e Lord the King & c . A q D 0 m 167 .

I d o hereby Certify the aforegoing t o b e a tru e Copy o f the Original Record Compared therewith By

. S . S ecr eta r . Me LEWI A SCOTT, y 77

IND E X .

9 Barnstable , . 27 Barracks , . 10 Barrett, Hannah , . r 10 42 Bar ett , John , , . 10 B arrett, Samuel , . 17 32 Barrier Gate , , . n 22 B asti e , Stephen , . 47 56 . Bates , Martin , , 21 Battalion , The South , . ’

31 . Battery , King s ,

23 . Battery , The ,

20 . B eekman ,

56 . B end , George H . 5 3 . B errien , Abraham ,

21 . B errien , George ,

n 53 . B errie , Samuel ,

. 53 . B errien , Rev William , ’ ' B e ri ien s 10 . Neck ,

56 . B ettner , J . E .

9 . B etts , Alice ,

9 . B etts , Hopestill ,

9 . B etts , John , 44 B etts , Joseph , . 10 B etts , Mehitable , .

9 . B etts , Samuel , 9 11 14 21 22 68 70 B etts , William , , , , , , , , 14 Block House , . ” 25 B lue Bell Fort , . 32 B oar Hill , . 46 B olton , Rev . Cornelius W . .

16 . B oston , 16 18 19 20 30 B oston Post Road , , , , , .

n 22 . B owli g Green , 807 IND E X.

. 47 . Boynton , Rev George M . 48 49 B rann , Rev . Henry A . , .

14 15 17 18 28 29 32 33 35 . Bridges , , , , , , , , , d 20 B roa Street , . 5 Broadway , . 2 Bronck , Jonas , .

’ B r o n c k s 2 13 Land , , .

B r o n c k s B r on c k e s B r on c k x B r on c x B ronx , , , his ,

1 2 5 8 9 14 31 63 . River , , , , , , , , 2 8 . B ronx Heights , 4 r . 5. B own , Rev A . B .

. 56 Brown , E . F .

E z e k ial 22 Brown , , Henry, .

’

F r e d k 21 . B rown , , Gilbert , Robert, 45 B rown , Rev . O . E . . 45 B rown , Rev . Pau l R . . 46 B rown , Rev . T . James , . 21 Browne , Hendrick , Jr .

ro w . . . 45 . B ning , Rev Wm F 34 36 Bryant, Capt . , .

B u c k o u t 16 . , Matthias , 1 8 . B urr, Aaron ,

4 . . 7 Burr , Rev Charles H .

B u r se n 21 . , Henry , 6 1 Bussing , John , . ’ 51 Bussing s Point , .

A A A 17 . C N D ,

20 23 . Cannon , , 1 m 3 . Ca mann Place , 47 Carpenter , Newton , .

46 . Carter , Rev . A . B .

Causey (Causeway) , 81 IND E X .

e 6 1 Central Avenu , . ” 12 Charles , The , .

. 18 . Charleston , S . C 2 3 39 . Chasseurs , ,

- - f 25 Chevaux de rise , .

47. Christ Church , Riverdale ,

d u . 18 . Church St Esprit, o f 46 Church the Mediator , . 17 City Island , . fi in la . 31 C . . , H B

11 . Clevinger , George ,

. 25 26 . Clinton , Gen ,

29 . Coast Survey,

13 25 . Cock Hill , ,

Cox 21 22 23 . Cock ( ) , John , , , ’ Cox 23 . Cock s ( ) Tavern ,

45 . Cole , James ,

n n c k 5 . Cole d o ,

46 56 . Colgate , Robert , ,

o f N e erh ae m 5 42 . Colonie p p , ,

19 52 . Columbia College , , Of f 49 55 Commissioners For eiture , , ,

Of f 22 23 26 . Committee Sa ety, , ,

Con c klin 10 . , John ,

on c k lin 10. C , Mehitable ,

20 22 . Congress , Continental , , 20 22 24 26 Congress , Provincial , , , , .

7 9 . Connecticut, ,

47 . Coons , Rev . Aaron , ” 5 5 . Cooperstown ,

51 . Corsa, Andrew , ’ 2 6 . Corsa s Orchard ,

43 . Corton , James , IND EX .

21 Cortwright , John , Edward , .

33 . Cowboys ,

46 53 54 . Cox . , David B , ,

f r 21 22 . Craw ord , Geo ge , James , ,

f 43 . Craw ord , William ,

r i r 21 . C e g e , John , 4 r e ier . 2 . C g , Capt Thomas, 46 f . . . Cro t, Rev H 49 Crook , Joseph , .

60. Cuth bert , B .

45 . A I RE v. D V ES , JOHN,

45 . Davis , Rev . A . B . 4 21 3 . D een , Daniel , ,

D e lafi e ld t 3 . Esta e ,

D elafi eld 55 . , Joseph ,

D e lafi e ld . 55 . , Lewis L

D lafi e ld . 55 . e , Maturin L

Col. 32 33 41 . De Lancey, James, 51 D e Lancey, John , .

46 . De Lancey , Thomas J . ’

36 . De Lancey s Mills,

D e lavall 11 65 . , Thomas , , 41 De Rochambeau , .

39 40 . Devoe , Daniel , ,

39 . Devoe , Fre derick , 21 Devoe , John , .

44 . Devoe , Moses ,

’ 38 . D evo e s Farm , ’ 51 vo e s . D e Point ,

4 . De Vries , 12 De Vries , Margaret , .

d o 12 . D e Vries, Peter Ru lphus , 83 I ND EX .

. o 46 . Dickenson , Rev Leigh Richm nd , ’ 36 Dobb s Ferry , .

. 47. Dodd , Rev . Ira S “ . i 58 . Dodge , Mary C ( Sister Mar a 46 Dodge , Samuel N . . 4 . 7 55. Dodge , William E ,

47 . E . . Dodge , William , Jr 32 Donop Regiment , . 7 8 9 1 1 49 65 66 70 Doughty, Elias , , , , , , , , ,

6 . Doughty, Rev . Francis , l 31 Co . . Douglas , 9 3 . Dragoons ,

o f 63 6 7 . Duke York , ,

56 . Duke , William S . ’ Ref d 8 44 . Dutch Church , ,

17 44 . Dyckman Jacob , ,

s 3 . Dyckman Cut ,

A . S P 46 . E GLETON , J JO E H ,

e 14 1 6 33 42 44 . East Chest r , , , , ,

J 49 . Eden , oseph ,

Me d c e f 49 . Eden , , 4 8 . Edge Hill Chapel ,

54 . Edsall , Thomas H .

18 . Ellison , Frances ,

18 . Ellison , Rob ert, 1 v o l. 3 . E l , C

2 3 38 39 40 . E m m e r ick , Col. 3 , 3 , , ,

21 . Emmons , Abraham ,

21 . Emmons , Thomas ,

32 . Erb Prinz Regiment , 12 u . Esop s , 45 Evans , Rev . Thomas , I ND E X .

54 . Ewen , Daniel ,

55 . Ewen , Gen . John ,

A . 21 F RRINGTON, BENJ , THOS . , ROBT. . ” 12 13 14 Ferry , The , , , . ’ 13 Ferryman s Rates , .

55 . Fire Engine House ,

25 . Fire Ships , 6 5 Fisher , Edward , .

45 . Fisher, Samuel W . ’ G ov r 15 . Fletcher, ,

10 . Flushing ,

F l sen Ph illi se 12 . yp ( p ) , Catherine ,

F l sen Ph illi se 12 . yp ( p ) , Margaret ,

F l se n Ph illi se 11 12 15 16 . yp ( p ) , Frederick , , , , ” 60 Font Hill , . 18 Fordham D utch Church , . 41 Fordham Heights , .

r 44 Fo dham Lan ding , .

Of 1 44 Fordham Manor , , .

o f 7 8 9 11 14 15 . Fordham , Village , , , , , , 57 59 Forrest , Edwin , , .

56 . Forster , George H . “ ” 25 Fort, B lue B ell , . 25 Fort, Cock Hill , . 19 21 26 28 29 30 31 Fort Indepen dence , , , , , , , , 5 6 3 . 3 , 37 , 38 53 . “ t s 31 . For , The King Battery,

Lee 25 . Fort , 31 33 36 Fort , The Negro , , , . “ 29 . Fort Number One , “ ” T o 29 . Fort Number w , “ ” 21 30 Fort Number Three , , . 85 IND EX .

“ 21 30 Fort Number Four, , . ” 30 Fort Number Five , . “ ” 31 . For t Number Six , “ ” 31 Fort Number Seven , . 31 Fort Number Eight, .

on 31 36 . Fort Bussing Farm , , 4 Fort Orange , .

r 21 30 35 . Fo t Prince Charles , , ,

26 29 . Fort Swartwout, ,

2 22 25 28 29 38 . Fort Washington , , , , , ,

56 . Foster, C . W .

Usial 21 . Fountain , , 43 Fowler , B enjamin , . 23 Fowler, John , . 22 Fowler , Jonathan , . 56 Franklin , R . L . . 17 18 28 29 32 33 Free B ridge , The , , , , , , , 12 An n e t e . French , j ,

18 . French B oarding School , h i 1 2 Frenc , Ph lip , . 48 Fry , Rev . William , .

53 . Ful ler , Joseph W .

A A 23 G GE, L DY , .

h . . 46 G alla u e . . , Rev A C 53 Geer , William H . . ” General Putnam , Schooner ,

Of 22 . George III . , S tatue , ’ 16 George s Point , .

a t 32 . Germ n Regimen s ,

w 46 . Gibson , Ed in P . 19 30 46 Giles, Wm . Ogden , , , ,

ol. 38 40. Gist , C , 86

IND E X .

2 7 10 13 21 25 26 29 Hills , , , , , , , , , 10 Hitchcock , Mehitable , . 10 Hitchcock , Samuel , .

o 6 9 71 . H lden , John , , 5 12 Holland , , .

47 . Hollister , Thompson N . 54 Holt , George C . . 45 Honeywell , Israel , .

H . 27 31 . owe , Gen ,

45 . Hoyt , Rev . Philip L . 3 Hudson , Henry , .

9 . Hudson Park ,

1 2 5 8 9 29 . Hudson River , , , , , ,

57 . Hughes , Archbishop , 57 Hughes , Mother Angela, .

45 . Humphreys , Rev . Humphrey, 4 3 . Hunt, David ,

’ u st d s 40 4 1 . H e Heights , ,

32 55 . Hutchins , Waldo , , ’ 20 21 35 . Hyatt s Tavern , , ,

A A S 3 . INDI N C TLE, “ ” 41 Indian Fields , The , .

54 . Iron Foundry, 13 Irving , Washington , .

2 3 . Island , ,

AM S L I S 56 . J E , D . WI L ,

48 . Janes , B ishop ,

58 . Jerome , Mother ,

53 54 . Johnson , Elias , 4 5 . Johnson , Gilbert, 46 47 Johnson , Isaac G . , I N DE X .

42 . Jones , William , ” 1 Jonker , .

47 . A D . K ELLOGG, D VI B 4 5 48 . Kelly, Rev . R . H . ,

48 . Kern , Rev . J . O .

i 4 . K e sk e sk c k , 45 Keyes , Rev . Charles C . . f 4 Kie t , .

’

31 . King s Battery, ’ 14 15 King s B ridge , The , , , ’ 17 King s Bridge Hotel , . ’

3 . King s Bridge Marble , ’ 28 King s Ferry , . ’ 14 King Philip s War, .

16 . Knight , Madame ,

. 47 . Knowlton , George W

n 28 29 . n h au se . K yp , Gen , 32 K n h au sen . yp Regiment , ” - al . 7 . Koop , Jan

E 12 L A B AD I S Ts, TH , .

2 . Lake , 53 Langdon , Jervis , .

53 . Langdon Rolling Mill CO .

Col. 28 . Lasher ,

o f 18 . Lausanne , University , 45 Lawrence , John C . . 22 24 Lawrence , Samuel , , .

48 . Laws , Rev . Gustav ,

32 . Leib Regiment ,

49 . Lent , Abraham , Jr . 48 Lent , Rev . Isaac H . . IND E X .

11 6 5 . Lewis , Thomas , , 20 Lexington , .

4 . Leyden ,

3 . Lime Kilns ,

. 33 34 36 38 Lincoln , Gen , , , . a 19 Livingston , J net, .

Llon ar t , 56 . 26 Lon g Island , .

Rev . 47. Lord , . William R

Lo sb er 32 . g Regiment,

. 9 . Lothrop , Rev Mr . n r 54 Lou sbe y , Henry R . .

23 . Lounsbery, Wil liam ,

G OV . 9 11 Lovelace Francis, , .

39 . Lovers Lane , 45 Lovett, Rev . Noble , .

or tlan d ts 32 . Lower C , ” 44 Lower Mills , .

48 . Lowther, Rev . S .

I RE V . 48 . MCCORM CK, . D

k si 3 . Mac c ak assin , Mac ac e n , 7, 6 49 Macomb , Alexander , . 52 Macomb , Mary C . P . . 51 52 Macomb , Robert , , . 52 Macomb , Gen . . ’ 51 52 . Macomb s Mill , , ’ iro ac Macomb s Mountains (Ad nd ks) , 14 Macomb Street , . ’

51 . Macomb s Dam , ” 13 15 . Maine , The , ,

31 . Mali , H . W . T . 23 Mam aroneck , . I ND E X .

4 . Manetto ,

d 2 3 6 10 13 28 29 . Manhattan Islan , , , , , , ,

of a 1 8 Manor Fordh m , , . ’ o f Ph illi sb u r h 12 42 43 49 55 Manor p g , , , , , , 6 9 71 Marshall , John , , . 26 Martin , Monsieur , .

1 1 . Marylan d ,

21 . Merrill , Thomas ,

48 . Merson , L . O .

44 . Methodist Church ,

48 . Micena , Rev . Fr . Mifi in 24 , Gen . .

11 43 . Mile Square , , 32 38 43 60 Mile Square Road , , , , , 2 Mill Creek , .

5 3 2 51 52 . Mills , , , ,

Mir b ac k 32 Regiment , . 53 Moller , George , .

t . 19 20 30 Mon gomery , Gen Richard , , , .

M on tr e ss r Co l. 23 37 o . , , ’ ’ 37 n tr sso r s . Mo e (Randall s) Islan d ,

22 . Moore , Jacob , ’ 22 Moore s Tavern , . 4 5 . Morris , Au gustu s F . 2 37 Morrisania , , .

54 . Morrison , David M .

sh olu 2 9 31 44 45 54 6 0 Mo , , , , , , , ,

46 47 . Mott , John , ,

1 12 25 56 . Mount St . Vincent, , , ,

n 21 . Mu ro , James ,

Mu sc o ote , 6 .

u sk ta 7 . M o , 46 Myers , T . Bailey, . 91 IND E X .

N E PE RAN , 7.

N e er h a em 5 p p Colonie , .

N e erh aem 4 63 . p p River , ,

N e e r h aem 5 . p p Tract , 5 6 12 New Amsterdam , , , .

36 . New Castle ,

Of 2 . New Jersey , Palisades , 28 33 New Rochell e , , .

1 2 7 15 . New York , , , ,

60 . N e w York City 85 Northern R . R . ” . 19 . New York Gazetteer, The ,

85 6 1 N ew York Harlem R . R . . ’ ’ f 85 New York Hydraulic M g Bridge CO .

l 26 . Co . Nicholas , 3 52 Nicholls , Perkins , , .

’

8 49 75 . Nicoll , Sec y Matthias , , , ’ ] G ov r 6 8 63 65 67 . Nicol , Richard , , , , ,

i u h o ff 7 . N e w ,

6 . Nieuw Netherland ,

39 41 . N im h a m , , 46 Nixon , Rev . Cyrus , .

N o d in e A n d r e w 43 . , _ , 22 Norris , Henry, . 22 Norris , Jordan , .

A L A D 43 . O K EY , D VI , 22 Oakley , David , Jr . .

21 . Oakley , Joseph , Jr . 22 Oakley , Moses , . 21 Oakley , Thomas , . 21 O dell , Abraham , .

43 . Odell , Isaac ,

21 . O dell , John , 92 IND EX.

Ok e le 6 7 . y, Thomas ,

Ok san n e 65 . , John ,

Ola ff 9 6 1 . Park , ,

’

Re v E 45 . Old r in . . , ’ N a l 6 7 63 65 O e e . , Hugh , , , , ’

O N e ale Mr s . 6 7 11 , Hugh , , , ,

’

O N e ale 7 8 11 . Patent , , , ’ 4 ll . 8 . O N e i . , Rev Fr

- D Or 7 9 . Oost p , , 4 Oran ge , Fort, . 46 Ostrander , Rev . A . . 60 Opdyke , George , .

u d in o t . . 48 . O , E S

4 PA CK AMI E N S , .

Of 2 Palisades New Jersey, .

17 . Palmer , B enjamin ,

Pa ar inam in p ,

‘

Pa irin imin 7 9 12 13 14 17 28 49 51 6 3 . p , , , , , , , , , , Pa er e n e m an p p ,

21 . Parker , James , 56 Park , The Riverdale, .

34 . Parsons , Gen .

. 53 . Parsons , M . D John ,

7 8 11 . Patents , , ,

Col. 26 . Paulding , 26 Paulus Hook , .

4 . . . 7 Peck , Rev . E M 45 Perry , Rev . Salmon C . .

54 . Petrie , George H . i li b r h 1 Ph l p s u g , .

i i s u r h 12 60 . Ph ll p b g Manor , ,

Ph illi se 12 . p , Adolphus , 93 ] IND E X .

Ph illi se An n et e 12 p , j , . Ph illi se F l se n 12 p ( yp ) , Catherine , .

Ph illi se 12 . p , Eva,

Ph illi se . r 1 6 1 7 19 49 57 p , Col Fre de ick , , , , , F s 1 12 65 h illi se l e n 1 . P p ( yp ) , Frederick , , , Ph illi se 2d p , Frederick ,

Ph illi se F l sen 12 . p ( yp ) , Margaret, ’ 32 . Phill ipse s Mills , ” o Th e 25 . Ph enix, , 1 Plantation , The Yonkers , . ” ’

D onc k s 5 9 . Planting Field , Van der , ,

Pl st d . 46 . e e . , Rev Wm P 52 o e . , Edgar Allan , 3 Point , .

30 . Pontoon B ridge , 21 24 Post , Abraham , , .

21 24 . Post , Dennis , , 43 Post , Hendrick , . 21 24 Post , Isaac , , .

s 21 24 . Post , I rael , , 21 24 Post , Jacob , , . 4 21 2 . Post , Lewis , ,

21 24 . Post, Martin , , 21 24 Post , William , , . 1 7 Post Riders , 7 11 16 18 19 20 30 32 33 Post Roads , , , , , , , , , , 46 Potter , Rt . Rev . Horatio , .

18 . Pow der Magazine , The Ol d , 41 Prince , William Henry , . 32 Prinz Carl Regiment , .

21 . Pusher , Henry, 54 Putnam , Albert E . .

56 . Pyne , Moses Taylor, 94

I N D E X .

2 1 . Ryer , Edward , 2 1 . Ryer , John , 42 Ryder , Jacob , . n 43 Ryder, Joh , .

29 A AR . 30 47 S GE, W REN B , , , ’

S au th ie r s 29 . Map ,

4 1 6 . Saw Kill , ,

. 56 . Schermerhorn , A

18 . Schools ,

18 . Schuyler , Gen . 1 3 . Schwab , Gustav ,

9 . Scituate , 33 38 Scott , Gen . , .

77 . Scott , Lewis A . 4 r m se r 7 . S c y , James , 3 5 . Sealey , B enjamin T .

45 . Seaman , Rev . R .

20 . Sebring , ’

45 . F re d k . Segur , Rev . W

54 . Sergeant , Joseph R .

6 6 75 . Sharpe , John , , 43 Sherwood , Jeremiah , .

42 43 . Sherwood , Thomas , ,

- K a o c k 3 63 Shorack p p , , .

4 . . 8 Shrader , Rev Dr .

45 . Shrive , Rev . J. G . 46 Sidney , James C . .

32 . Sietz Regiment ,

45 . c k . . S ille , Rev John A 2 40 l 3 39 . . Co . Simcoe , Lt , ,

Of 56 . Sisters Charity, ” 3 3 . Skinners , IND E X .

42 . Smith , E dward ,

45 . Smith , Rev . E .

n 21 Smith, Fra cis , . 4 r M 5 . Smith , Hen y .

46 . Smith , Russel l ,

11 . Smith , William , 46 Smith , Rev . W . H . . 2 o f 3 . Sons Liberty,

S o r u a 7 q p p , .

56 . Spanish B ell ,

47 56 . Spau lding , Henry F . , 30 Spring Street , . 9 13 Spuyten Duyvil Spiting Devil , , 2 25 29 1 5 . Spuyten D uyvil Creek , , , , ,

10 29 . Spuyten Duyvil Neck , ,

3 53 . Spuyten Duyvi l Point, ,

2 3 30 35 . Spuyten Duyvil Ridge , , , ,

. 6 1 . Spuyten Duyvil 85 Port Morris R R . — ’ S ix a 49 Eliz beth s Church , . ’

. 48 . St John s B enevolent Society , ’ 44 4 . 8 . St John s Church , , ’ 48 St . Patrick s Temperance Society , .

’

. 60 St Vincent s Free School , . 1 7 . Stage Coach .

5 . States General , 47 Stebbins , Rev . Henry H .

S t e en w c k 8 . y , Cornelis ,

43 . Stevenson , E dward ,

Col. 40 . Stewart , 3 39 8 . Stockbri dge Indian s , ,

47 56 . Stone , Henry L . , 2 9 . Strang , Peter O .

Mr s . 54 . Strang , I N D E X .

5 14 20 30 Streets , , , , .

5 6 9 12 . Stuyvesant, Peter , , , ,

26 . Swartwout , Col .

A LT . COL . 39 40 4 1 . T RLETON, , , 4 . 6 . Tarleton , Rev W .

33 . Tarrytown ,

4 7 . Tasker , Rev . Davi d ,

17 20 21 22 23 32 35 49 . Taverns , , , , , , 21 Taylor , Charles , .

21 . Taylor , Elnathan , Jr . 21 Taylor , Elijah , . 21 Taylor , Henry , . 21 Taylor , Jacob , . 42 Taylor , Joseph , . 42 43 . Tayl or , Moses , , 3 8 . Ten Broeck , Gen .

Te u e m e t 4 . q ,

18 6 2 . Tetard , Rev . John Peter, ,

’

r 19 31 33 . Tetard s Fa m , , , ’ 7 21 28 29 30 32 4 1 Tetard s Hill , , , , , , , ,

l. 26 Co . Thomas , 4 . 7 Thompson , Wm W .

n 54 55 . Thomso , Samuel , ,

’ 9 . Thorn s Dock , ’ 27 Throg s Neck , .

6 1 . Tier , Daniel ,

10 53 . Tippett , Dorcas , , 2 9 10 1 1 14 42 Tippett , George , , , , , , 1 73 7 , .

2d 16 . Tippett , George , 10 Tippett , Henry, . 53 Tippett, James , 98

IND E X .

41 Cor tlan d t 14 . Van Mansion , , ’

Co r tlan d t s 1 . Van Ridge , ’ ”

Cor tlan d t s 9 60 . Van , , ’ tl n Cor a d t s 5 . Van Mills , ’ Cor tlan d t s 39 40 41 . Van Woods , , ,

Co u r tlan d t 2 3 Van Vault , . “ A d raie n Vander Donck , Dr . ( Vander Duncke 1 4 8 51 6 0 6 , , , , , 3 . l 6 Vander Donck , Corne is , . ’ D on c k s B o wer ie 6 9 . Vander , , ’ D on 5 c k s 75 . Vander House , , ’ “ D on c k s 5 9 1 1 6 1 . Van der Planting Fiel d , , , 48 G aasb e c k . . . . . Van , Rev D W C

45 . Van Tassell , Caleb ,

45 . Varian , Jacob ,

45 . Vari an Jacob H .

l A . 53 Varian, Wi liam . , M D . . 2 5 23 . Vault Hill , , ,

V e r m il Ab rm 21 6 1 e . y , . ,

’ V e r m ily e F r e k 2 d 1 6 1 . , , ,

V er m il e 44 51 . y , Isaac , , V e r mil e 2 1 1 6 . y , Joshua, , mil V e r e 18 . y , Petrus , V e rmil e 17 y , Thomas , . V er ve elen 1 4 . , Daniel ,

V e r ve elen 13 14 49 , Johannes , , , .

42 . Vincent , Charles ,

3 1 . Virginia, 10 4 9 . Vitrey , Lewis , , 10 4 9 . Vitrey, Mehitable , , V o n 32 Hanger, Capt . .

V on Pfi ste r l 49 , A exan der, . V on W m b . Co . 32 3 ur l 3 . , Lt , 100 D IN E X .

A IN A THE 4 13 W D G PL CE , , , .

W ald ec k e r s, 28 .

43 53 . Warner, Charles , , 21 22 24 43 44 56 Warner, John , , , , , , .

21 22 24 43 44 56 . Warner William , , , , , ,

45 62 . Warner s Store , ,

23d 2 . Ward , The , 2 Washington , Fort , . 24 27 31 35 Washington , Gen . George , , , , ,

32 . Watch Hou se ,

W e c k u ae sk e e k 3 . q , 43 Weeks , E dward , . 22 Wertz , George , . 9 0 11 7 1 . Westchester , , , ,

12 . Westchester County , 16 7 . Westchester Path, , 1 2 West Farms , , . 1 a 5 2 . West Indi Com pany , ,

54 . W e tnI or e , William C .

45 . Wheatly , Rev . Richard , 1 19 3 28 1 . White Plains , , , , 3 Whiting Estate , . 4 4 5 6 5 5 . Whitin g , James R . , ,

i k e r sc r e ek 3 . W c Indians ,

ss nb ac k 32 . W ie e Regiment ,

47 . Wil des , Rev . George D . 4 6 0 8 . Willard , E . K . ,

l 31 36 . Wil iams B ri dge , ,

’ 23 33 37 . Williams House , , , 2 2 . W illiams , Samuel ,

46 53 . Wilson , Rev . William T . , ” ’ 18 . Wine Cellar , Dominie Tetard s ,

rth 32 . W o elwa Regiment, 101 IND E X .

d 45 Woo , Abraham , .

9 6 1 . Woodlawn Cemetery , , 2 9 12 38 39 Woodlawn Heights , , , , , ,

48 . Woodlawn Methodist Church , 1 56 6 . Woodworth , W . W . ,

. 34 38 Wooster, Gen , .

41 . Wright , Orderly ,

45 . Wright , Rev . Daniel I .

K RS YON E , n 2 4 9 Yo u c k er s 1 2 4 9 10 1 1 1 . , , , , , , , , , etc

Younkers ,

44 . Yonkers Episcopal Society,

1 16 . Yonkers Plantation , The , , 42 Yonkers Precinct , .

2 52 . Yonkers River , , 42 O f . Yorkshire , North Riding , 102