Windows on History

Home , Albany Post Road, Batten Kill, Beacon Mountain, Bear Mountain Bridge, Bear Mountain State Park, Boscobel (mansion)

Exploring thE hudson rivEr vallEy national hEritagE arEa Windows on History

A rail journey through the Hudson River Valley, between New York City and Albany, is more than a trip from point A to point B. It’s a voyage through a landscape rich in history and beauty. Just look out the window…

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RAVELING THROUGH THIS HISTORIC REGION, you will discover the people, places, and events that formed our national identity, and led Congress to designate the Hudson River Valley as a National Heritage Area in 1996. The Hudson River has also been designated one of our country’s Great American Rivers. TAs you journey between New York’s Pennsylvania station and the Albany- Rensselaer station, this guide will interpret the sites and features that you see out your train window, including historic sites that span three centuries of our nation’s history. You will also learn about the communities and cultural resources that are located only a short journey from the various This project was made station stops. possible through a partnership between the We invite you to explore the four million acres Hudson River Valley that make up the Hudson Valley and discover its National Heritage Area rich scenic, historic, cultural, and recreational and I Love NY. Also, resources. Meander the hills traversed by Native Americans in the valley special thanks to Hudson created by what they called he Mahicanituck, or "river that flows both Valley Tourism. ways." Discover old steamboat ports and villages, where stone houses Reprinted with permission and churches built in the 1600s and 1700s by Dutch, English and Huguenot by Hudson River Valley settlers still exist today. Visit stately mansions and National Heritage Area. estates built for some of the most powerful families in our nation’s history, including the Livingstons, Published by Vanderbilts, Roosevelts, and Rockefellers. Stroll Martinelli Custom Publishing through beautiful and historic landscapes and gardens with breathtaking views and scenic vistas.

2 | WINDOWS ON HISTORY Amtrak.com Na Empire State Trail lley tion Va al r H e e Governor Andrew M. Cuomo is v r i i t creating the Empire State Trail R a g which, when completed in

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a H from New York City to Canada Welcome to the and from Albany to Buffalo. Once complete, the Empire State Trail will attract more hikers, bikers, and cross country skiers than ever before Hudson River and provide access to destinations, heritage areas, and historic sites and districts. The Trail will drive economic Valley! growth and boost tourism in communities along its route. The Empire State Trail will connect the Hudson River Valley Greenway Trail and the

o f NYS OPr H P p h o t c ou rtesy Erie Canalway Trail, creating the largest state multi-use trail in the nation.

raveling through this historic region, you will discover Follow trails through the Catskills that lead to the See: hudsongreenway.ny.gov/ the people, places, and events that formed our national identity, landscapes which inspired the famed Hudson River Trailsandscenicbyways/EST.aspx and led Congress to designate the Hudson River Valley as a Painters. Trace the footprint of innovation and National Heritage Area in 1996. The Hudson River has also industry that earned New York its nickname the been designated one of our country’s Great American Rivers. “Empire State”. Immerse yourself in the settings of AsT you journey between New York’s Pennsylvania station and the Albany- legends and stories by Washington Irving, James Rensselaer station, this guide will interpret the sites and features that you see Fenimore Cooper and other Knickerbocker writers. Hike the peaks and out your train window, including historic sites that span three centuries of mountains of our state parks or walk along riverside trails of the Hudson our nation’s history. You will also learn about the communities and cultural River Valley Greenway Trail System. Kayak through the magnificent landscape resources that are located only a short journey from on the Hudson River Greenway Water Trail. Enjoy a wine tasting at the oldest the various station stops. continually operating winery in America or sample one of the newer Vintners’ varieties. The Hudson River Valley is truly a four-season destination and we We invite you to explore the four million acres encourage you to take advantage of all we have to offer. This project was made that make up the Hudson Valley and discover its possible through a rich scenic, historic, cultural, and recreational We hope you enjoy your journey and we are pleased to be your guide. We partnership between resources. Discover old steamboat ports and villages, where stone houses encourage you to learn more about our natural and cultural resources and the Hudson River and churches built in the 1600s and 1700s by Dutch, English and Huguenot explore the Hudson River Valley. For more information regarding the Hudson Valley National settlers still exist today. Visit stately mansions and River Valley National Heritage Area and its resources or to order themed Heritage Area and estates built for some of the most powerful families brochures, please visit hudsonrivervalley.com or call (518) 473-3835. I Love NY. Also, in our nation’s history, including the Livingstons, special thanks to Hudson Valley Vanderbilts, Roosevelts, and Rockefellers. Stroll Bon Voyage! Tourism. through beautiful and historic landscapes and gardens with breathtaking views and scenic vistas.

2 | WINDOWS ON HISTORY Amtrak.com New York By Rail windows on history | 3 VISITING

Crailo State Historic Site This is the northern end of the rail trip. The navigable 9 1/2 Riverside Avenue waters of the Hudson continue above Albany and Rensselaer, NY 518-463-8738 Rensselaer to Troy and Waterford, where the Ten Broeck Mansion Champlain Canal provides passage to the north and 9 Ten Broeck Place Albany, NY the Erie Canal provides passage to the west. The Approx. 25 minuTes 518-436-9826 Champlain Canal follows the Hudson as far north as Schuyler Mansion State Great 3 ADIRONDACK P ARK 9 Historic Site Fort Edward, 193 miles above the Battery in New York City. Beyond Troy, the Sacandaga 30 Lake 87 32 Catherine Street Victory l 29 n Kil Hudson is no longer tidal, and continues its 315-mile course as a much smaller SARATOGA 29 atte Albany, NY SPRINGS B 518-434-0834 22 river to its source at Lake Tear of the Clouds on the flank of Mt. Marcy in the 4 9 32 e k Adirondacks, New York’s highest mountain. a Cambridge L a g Ballston o t

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1 Schodack Way 20 88 Schodack Landing, NY 20 2 518-732-0187 Hudson Athens Lighthouse Hudson-Athens Lighthouse Preservation Society Cobleskill Schoharie Post Office Box 145 John Boy E 30 88 145 Thach Athens, NY St 518-828-5294 P hudsonathenslighthouse.org 443 Middleburgh

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C Catsk 23 ill C Schoharie Durham re e Reservoir 145 k Lenox h rain traffic has been coming to the city of Rensselaer (previously named Grand Gorge Long Pat Greenbush) since the early 1850s when the Hudson River Railroad served NI Zadock Pratt 90 Museum 7

customers traveling be-tween New York City and the Capital District. The Prattsville Windham 23 O Rensselaer Station you see today replaced an older station on the site and Stockbridge

Twas built in 2002. The large waiting room windows provide panoramic views of the 30 296 23A MASS. City of Albany, which has been the capital of New York State since 1797. The most S eye-catching feature you see on the landscape is the Empire State Plaza, a complex N Great I Hunter Kaaterskill Barrington of several state government buildings built between 1965 and 1978. However, the A Falls Tannersville 57 42 T Plaza also contains a variety of other features including: The Egg, an egg-shaped N 28 U concert hall; the Cultural Education Center, housing the State Museum, Library and Fleischmans Margaretville O 214 Archives; and Corning Tower, the tallest building in the state outside of New York City. 30 Mk 87 y e a e 9G Lake r w

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N r Bardavon 1869 Grove Red Oaks U Mill Opera House 55 55 Monticello O 209 9 87 9W M k CONN. e 17 Marlboro re 376 C K Gomez Wappingers Fishkill Mill House Falls N New Milford Wurtsboro 9D U 52 Pawling r Mount e iv Orange Gulian H G R 32 o ll Lake 52 Squantz u ki Fishkill s all a W 84 Pond t N 17 o Montgomery n Madam Brett i BEACON 7 c A Basher Homestead/ 52 R Dutch Reformed Church NEWBURGH r 202 iv Kill e Dia:Beacon e

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W R 9 Headquarters 9D Clarence Lake Brookfield 84 n New Windsor o Fahnestock Lake Candlewood A New s Memorial Cantonment Windsor d Carmel 22 u State Park H Knox's Headquarters H Hudson 84 Highlands 301 Museum of the State Park 301 S r Middletown Hill-Hold Hudson Highlands e 87 Storm King Carmel v Museum 6 25 209 i Washingtonville Cold Spring R 84 k th State in g Pa Storm East Branch rs n 9W Foundry School ve o in King Park Reservoir DANBURY e 84 6 Goshen L ta Museum Brewster N n Mountainville Art Center 97 ou Port Jervis Harness Racing M Garrison 6 94 nk WEST POINT Boscobel 22 Museum and u U.S. Military Mahopac Bethel em Southeast Hall of Fame Chester nn s Academy 6 hu d Hudson 684 Museum Gillander Sc & Museum 13 n Highlands Glass Factory 6 17 a Fort Montgomery State Park and Museum l 202 h Battle Site Manitoga g 32 Monroe i 22 H 6 6 Yorktown n Clove Bear Peekskill 202 Katonah 94 o Museum of Art/ Ridgefield s Furnace Mountain Franklin D. 35 Caramoor d State 35 u Park Roosevelt H Stony Point State Park John Jay 7 9 Katonah Homestead d s Lake Battlefield New Croton n Tiorati Stony Reservoir l a 17A STERLING Van Cortlandt l l h Point i l Warwick Manor ra i g k Croton-on- T l i l H P 22 Pound

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Penn Station was renamed “Albany” in honor So u t h b o u n d : 5 min. from Rensselaer Station • o n r i g h t of the Duke of Albany. In 1686, No r t h b o u n d : 18 min. from Hudson Station • o n l e f t ] Albany was officially chartered as a municipality. The Dongan Charter is believed to be the oldest in the Western Hem- isphere. Crailo, located in Rensselaer County, was the home of Kiliaen's grandson and is Great 3 ADIRONDACK nowP ARK a museum of Colonial 9 Sacandaga New Netherland30 Lake history. The 87 Victory l song “Yankee Doodle" was 29 n Kil SARATOGA 29 atte SPRINGS B composed by a British Army 22 Surgeon, who camped here in 4 Kiliaen Van Rensselaer 9 32 e 1775 with his troop as they k a Cambridge controlled 700,000 acres—all the L headed to an attack on a g Ballston o land you see on both sides of the t Spa a Saratoga Canada. The song was written r

a National river— in the early 17th century. to make fun of the colonial S Historical Papscanee Island Park R soldiers, but the plan sic iver Papscanee Island is covered in scrub forest that gives oo Bennington backfired as the words were 4 H Battlefield Round 67 way to cornfields. The farmlandLake here has been under active n 1630, all the land you adopted by the colonial army as agriculture longer than any otherMechanicville land in New York State. Today, a patriotic song. O l see on both sides of the d part of Papscanee Island is9 a 156-acre nature preserve owned C

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cross-country skiing. o 7 M C of Brigadier General N director of the Dutch West o a 90 h n Erie Canal a 4 a w l Lock 2 Park & Abraham Ten Broeck, who k India Company. Although he 87 H R Visitors Center o i o v s commanded the New York e Erie i r C c remained in Amsterdam, the a n SCHEN 890 a l Militia at the Battle of 7 Netherlands, Van Rensselaer Waterford Grafton Sharon Springs Saratoga in30 1777 during the Rotterdam Peebles Island Lakes State Park State controlled 700,000 acres of 88 90 20 5 The Junior Park Revolutionary War. The 2 20 N Museum land in the New World, most ew

Schuyler Masion was built in Yo rk ALBANY 2 of which he, as the S ta Hart-Cluett Mansion/ 1762 for General Philip te Albany Institute Th Troy Savings Bank Music 20 ru History & Art/ TROY ‘patroon’ (Company designated w Hall Schuyler, a general in the Ame- a Ten Broeck Mansion y land-holder), rented out to Burden rican RevolutionSchoharie and a promi- New York State Capitol Iron Works Cobleskill 4 Museum tenant farmers who lived on New York State Museum nent U.S. Senator. John Bo Albany-Rensselaer E 30 Station 88 145 Thac the land and farmed for a fee. SOUTH OF THE RENSSELAER S Schuyler Mansion Crailo Historic Rensselaerswyck, his es- STATION, the train443 85 Cherry Hill travels through marsh and Burden tate extended from the MoMiddleburgh 443 Lake 90 hawk River to the upper por- farmland and by some of the 84 66 islands in the Hudsonong Pat River. tion of Columbia County. L h 9W 8 32 145 ek Throughout the trip you will re Rensselaerswyck included Bev- C k o see islands ranging in size East o erwyck, the Dutch fur trading Rensselaerville 20 Nassau rh 30 e RANG d from bedrock85 chunks to 9 n i community on the west shore, K forested lands several miles Dor and Fort Orange, an earlier 87 20 long. The Hudson is a tidal Shaker Museum Dutch fur trading post located and Library river (an estuary), so you will PITTSFIELD 20 just south ofNEW where Albany RK Old see water levels that vary as Luykas Chatham Van Alen 295 stands today. In 1664, the con- much as four feet between high House C 32 Catski 66 trol of 23 New Netherland (which ll C Kinderhook 90 Schoharie and low tide. TheDurham islands in rthise e 203 included the present-day stateReservoir area are separated by145 smallk COXSACKIE Martin Chatham Lenox h of New York)Grand was Gorge transferred creeks,Long Ponceat farmed by Mahican Van Buren Home NI Bronck to the British, and Beverwyck Indians. 22 Zadock Pratt Museum 90 Museum 203 7 Prattsville Windham 23 9H Austerlitz 9W Ram's Horn/ 66 Stockbridge Cairo American Livingston Museum of Sanctuary Firefighting CO 296 22 30 23A 23 Hudson Station MASS. Thomas HUDSON 217 S 32 Cole Catskill House N CRAILLO Great I Hunter Barrington Kaaterskill Olana TA Falls 23A 23 A is now a Hillsdale 57 T Tannersville er 42 museum of Palenville iv 23 R 23 N n o Colonial s 28 d Taconic U u Fleischmans New Netherland H 82 State 9 Margaretville O 214 9W Germantown Copake Falls Park 30 history. 32 Mk 87 y e a e 9G Lake r w

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NEW PALTZ a k 115 Dover 7 ee w r S Huguenot u Pleasant Plains C 299 r t Street h Valley u N T 82 Kent o e T d t POUGHKEEPSIE MINNEWASKA e n I a o t n R S Poughkeepsie James m STATE PARK k A i r l

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Penn Station So u t h b o u n d : 7 min. from Rensselaer Station • o n l e f t So u t h b o u n d : 10 min. from Rensselaer Station • o n r i g h t So u t h b o u n d : 23 min. from Rensselaer Station • o n r i g h t [ No r t h b o u n d : 16 min. from Hudson Station • o n r i g h t ] [ No r t h b o u n d : 13 min. from Hudson Station • o n l e f t ] [ No r t h b o u n d : just before Hudson Station • o n l e f t ]

Castleton Bridges Schodack Island Hudson-Athens Lighthouse A 19th century view of Hudson from Athens

Ca s t l e t o n -o n -Hu d s o n Sch o d a c k Is l a n d he Mohican tribe, an Algonquin people, Greenway Water Trail Launch Hu d s o n -At h e n s Hu d s o n St a t i o n and the relative safety of its (Ca s t l e t o n ) Despite its name, Schod- at the park allows access to Li g h t h o u s e The oldest station structure upriver location, Hudson was On the landward side of ack Island is actually a long T were Rensselaer County’s first inhabitants. the creek, which is home to This brick and granite on this Amtrak line, Hudson transformed from a landing the train you will see Castle- peninsula joined by a narrow It was Mohicans who first warmly greeted the Dutch wildlife which includes eagles lighthouse was built in 1873 Station opened in 1874 and along the river to a thriving ton’s Main Street. Like many neck of land to Castleton. In and herons. to keep ships away from the has been beautifully restored. whaling port by the end of river communities, the Village fact, the water you see here is explorer Henry Hudson when his ship ran aground This section of the journey treacherous Middle Ground It is also the oldest continu- the 18th century. The ware- of Castleton (incorporated Schodack Creek, not the Hud- on Upper Schodack Island in 1609. At that time a is also dotted by several is- Flats. The keeper and his ously operated station in the house on the river side stands 1827) is separated from the son River. lands created by dredged mat- family lived in the lighthouse state. Hudson was chartered as a reminder of that history. river by the railroad tracks Originally there were two Mohican village was located on land now part of ter. Along with the peninsula until 1949 when the light was in 1785 and was the third city Today, antiques shops and art but has made good use of its islands, Upper and Lower Schodack Island State Park. of Gay’s Point, these islands automated and there was no chartered in New York State. galleries abound throughout waterfront property to create Schodack. During Henry make up the Hudson River longer a need for a keeper. Because of its deep harbor downtown Hudson. small parks. Hudson’s explorations, he Islands State Park, a day-use While it was occupied, you Two tall bridges are lo- and the crew of the Half recreation area. Stockport might have seen the light- cated just past Castleton. The Moon anchored off Schodack Flats, on the eastern shore of house keeper rowing to Hud- Castleton Cut-off Railroad Island and went ashore near Columbia County, is also the son for supplies or to Athens Bridge was built in 1924 to present-day Castleton to visit northernmost site in the Hud- to take his children to school. create a freight link between a local Native American Chief son River National Estuarine One of seven lighthouses left the West and the seaports of and his village. In 1926, the Research Reserve. of the original 13 along the Boston and New York. In a islands became connected by Middle Ground Flats, the Hudson, the lighthouse is similar fashion, the Berkshire fill when the Army Corps of island just before the stop for maintained by the Hudson- Spur of the New York State Engineers deepened the ship- Hudson, is accessible only by Athens Lighthouse Preserva- Thruway was built during the ping channel in the Hudson. boat, and separates the City tion Committee and is open 1960s to connect the Thru- Today, Schodack Island State of Hudson from the Village of for tours on a seasonal basis. way mainline to the Massa- Park offers opportunities for Athens. chusetts Turnpike. hiking, boating and picnick- The river is soon hidden ing as well as cross country behind Schodack Island. skiing in winter. A designated Bald Eagles have made a remarkable comeback along the river and are often seen along this stretch. The eagles you see with pure white heads and tails are mature eagles, while the immature birds, called sub-adults, are mottled brown with some white. It takes four to five years for a sub-adult to mature. Your best chances for spotting them are to look in the upper branches of trees, especially on bare branches, or soaring above the river, holding their wings flat as they hunt for fish.

Great Blue Herons are most often seen stalking frogs and small fish in the marshy shallows. They remain motionless for long periods of time while hunting and are easy to distinguish in flight by their long necks and slender legs stretched behind them. The train passes right through the village of Castleton. A 19th century newspaper illustration imagines Hudson near Schodack.

6 | WINDOWS ON HISTORY Amtrak.com New York By Rail windows on history | 7 So u t h b o u n d : 7 min. from Rensselaer Station • o n l e f t So u t h b o u n d : 10 min. from Rensselaer Station • o n r i g h t So u t h b o u n d : 23 min. from Rensselaer Station • o n r i g h t [ No r t h b o u n d : 16 min. from Hudson Station • o n r i g h t ] [ No r t h b o u n d : 13 min. from Hudson Station • o n l e f t ] [ No r t h b o u n d : just before Hudson Station • o n l e f t ]

Castleton Bridges Schodack Island Hudson-Athens Lighthouse A 19th century view of Hudson from Athens

6 | WINDOWS ON HISTORY Amtrak.com New York By Rail windows on history | 7 Great 3 ADIRONDACK P ARK 9 Sacandaga 30 Lake 87 Victory l 29 n Kil SARATOGA 29 atte SPRINGS B 22 4 9 32 e k a Cambridge L a g Ballston o t

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a National S Historical Park R This section of the trip takes you through sic iver VISITING oo Bennington 4 H Battlefield Round 67 the rolling hills, farms and orchards of Lake Thomas Cole its last run from Albany to Mechanicville O

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o 7 M C thomascole.org N o a 90 h n Erie Canal beautiful river and mountain views. a 4 a w l Lock 2 Park & p p r o x m i n u t e s k A . 21 87 H R Visitors Center o i o v s e Erie i r C c a n SCHENECTADY 890 a 7 l Waterford Grafton Sharon Springs 30 Rotterdam Peebles Island Lakes State Park State 88 90 20 5 The Junior Park 2 20 N ing vessels on their way Museum ew Yo rk ALBANYherded by sturdy tugboats, 2 S RiverSpark Visitor Center/ ta te Albany Institute Th Hart-Cluett Mansion/ 20 ru History & Art/ TROY w Troy Savings Bank Music Hall a Ten Broeck Mansion eredy cement at the cement Burden Iron Works Olana State Historic Site Cobleskill Schoharie New York State Capitol 4 HUDSON TO RHINECLIFF Museum New York State Museum 5720 Route 9G John Boyd Albany-Rensselaer E 30 of the mines areStation still Hudson, NY 88 145 Thacher State Schuyler hout the region gather 518-828-0135 Park Mansion Crailo Historic“Tugboat Roundup.” olana.org 443 85 Cherry Hill cross the river, the So u t h b o u n d : 2 min. from Hudson Station • o n r i g h t tors can tour the tugs Burden Clermont State Historic Site Middleburgh 443 Lake No r t h b o u n d : 14 min. from Rhinecliff Station • o n l e f t 90 One Clermont Avenue Catskill Mountains [ ] 66 Germantown, NY ng Pa form a breathtak- Lo th 9W 518-537-4240 85 32 145 ek ing backdrop that re nysparks.com C k o has inspired art- East o Rensselaerville 20 Nassau rh Saugerties Lighthouse 30 e RANG ists and writers for centuries. 85 d 9 in 168 Lighthouse Drive A K Dormansville Saugerties, NY It was here that Thomas Cole 87 20 845-247-0656 created the first paintings of Shaker Museum saugertieslighthouse.com and Library the American landscape in a PITTSFIELD 20 Tivoli Bays Visitor Center new, Romantic style. What be- NEW YORK Old Luykas Chatham Watts DePeyster Hall Van Alen 295 gan as a casual group of paint- House C 1 Tivoli Commons 32 Catski 66 ers eager to capture the beauty 23 ll C Kinderhook 90 Tivoli, NY Schoharie Durham re e 203 845-757-3057 of this region in its natural Reservoir 145 k COXSACKIE Martin Chatham Lenox dec.ny.gov state, grew into a philosophi- h Grand Gorge Long Pat Van Buren Home NI Montgomery Place cal school of art. Known as the Bronck 22 1241 River Road Zadock Pratt Museum 90 Hudson River School artists, Museum 203 7 Route 103 Cole inspired Frederic Church Prattsville Windham 23 9H Austerlitz 9W Annandale-on-Hudson, NY Ram's Horn/ 66 Stockbridge and others to bring depictions Cairo American 845-758-7472 Livingston Museum of of the natural landscape to Rip Van Winkle Bridge Firefighting CO bard.edu/montgomeryplace 296 22 30 23A the public in the early to mid- This span was built in 1935 and named for the character Hudson Station MASS. created by the author Washington Irving. Irving spawned a HUDSON 217 1800s. Cedar Grove, Cole’s S Catskill home in Catskill, and Olana, literary movement in 1809 when he published a satirical book N Great I H Barrington on New York City history and politics under the pen name Olana TA Church’s Persian-style home 23 A Hillsdale 57 in Hudson, are now National of “Diedrich Knickerbocker.” A purely fictional character, T er 42 iv 23 R 23 Historic Landmarks open to Knickerbocker was an eccentric Dutch author who mocked the N 28 Taconic Dutch colonization of New York and proclaimed himself a proud U the public. For a brochure on Fleischmans 82 State 9 Margaretville O 214 19th Century Painters of the American. Prior to the publication of this book, Irving generated Germantown Copake Falls Park

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(referring to him as a real person). Knickerbocker was identified E 21 S n Kill c se L Tivoli i an again in the original title of Irving’s most famous story, “The n J o c 22 L a ff T li Legend of Sleepy Hollow: Found Among the Papers of the Late CATSKIL Roe I State Canaan ale- Diedrich Knickerbocker.” 44 K son Montgomery 82 Washington Irving went on to found the Knickerbocker P ARK Place 44 S Red Hook

School, a group of writers intent on promoting a purely T Old Rhinebeck Park Aerodome 199 Pine “American” culture with New York City as its literary center. A 199 Plains Millerton Today, the name “Knickerbocker” has become a nickname for C Ashokan New York and can be seen around the region, including its use Reservoir INEBECK in the name of New York’s professional basketball team, the g Wilderstein k Lon e e Knicks. r C 9G r e g Staatsburgh in p 82 tate Histori c S ite O lana S tate Courtesy Detail from “Twilight Among the Mountains” by Frederic E. Church, 1845 p (Mills Mansion) a Neversink Mills Norrie W Reservoir Amenia 8 | WINDOWS ON HISTORY Amtrak.com Statewi Parkndows on histoThery Institute | 9 for Vanderbilt Rondout Ecosystem 44 Cornwall N Mohonk Preserve High Falls Mansion Franklin D. Studies Bridge e Reservoir 22 v and Mohonk Roosevelt e Slabsides r Mountain House Library and s il a in HYDE PARK Museum/ r k T Millbrook n R Val-Kill Springwood ia iv Kerhonkson ch e (FDR Home) la r Top a p Cottage 44 p y A

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Of the many Hudson River steamboat lines, the Hudson R VISIting Catskill Point sic iver oo Bennington Catskill Point is located where the Catskill Creek River Day Line was the most prominent and dependable. 4 H Battlefield On September 13, 1948, the Day Line steamboatRound Robert 67 Cedar Grove, The Thomas Cole meets the Hudson River. In the late 1800s, Lake National Historic Site Fulton (pictured at left) made its last run from Albany to Mechanicville 218 Spring Street thousands of visitors arrived here each week on O New York City, bringing to an end the era of gracious l 9 d Catskill, NY steamships, the Hudson River Day and Night C steamboat travel on the Hudson River. h

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M C N o a h n The Village of Catskill, established in 1806, 90 a a w 4 l k 87 H is located just up the creek from this point. The low, R o i o v s e Erie i r C c a yellow-colored building you see near the tip of Catskill Point n River TrafficSCHENECTADY 890 a 7 l Waterford Grafton was once the warehouseSharon Springs where local farmers brought animals30 Expect to see barges Rotterdamand ocean-going vessels on their way Lakes State and produce for transport by ship to New York City. The nearby to and from the Port of Albany.90 Shepherded by sturdy tugboats, 20 88 5 Park 2 brick building, now an interpretive20 center for the Historic barges carry oil, N grain, cocoa beans, cement and wind turbines,e w Yo Catskill Point, was the Freightmaster’s building. rk ALBANY 2 may see one being Sloaded with powdered cement road salt. You ta te Next door to the Freightmaster’s Building, you can still see Th plants south of Catskill.20 Limestoneru for TROY the cement w cement has Bank Music Hall Olana State Historic Site a the ferry slip for those traveling across the river during the y 5720 Route 9G been quarried here since the 1800s. Many of the mines are still Schoharie 4 Hudson, NY 12534 19th century. Until trains wereCobleskill available in the 1850s, river active. Each year, tugboats from throughout the region gather John Boyd Albany-Rensselaer E (518) 828-0135 traffic stopped during the winter months when the Hudson30 was in the City of Waterford for the annual “Tugboat Roundup.”Station 88 145 Thacher ice-bound. State Held the weekendPark after Labor Day,visitors can tour the tugs Clermont State Historic Site and learn more about their history. One Clermont Avenue 443 85 So u t h b o u n d : 3 min. from Hudson Station • o n r i g h t Burden Germantown, NY 12526 Middleburgh 443 Lake No r t h b o u n d : 13 min. from Rhinecliff Station • o n l e f t 90 (518) 537-4240 [ ] 66 ng Pa Lo th 9W 85 32 Saugerties Lighthouse 145 ek re C 168 Lighthouse Drive k o East o Saugerties, NY Rensselaerville 20 Nassau rh 30 e RANG 85 9 d (845) 247-0656 in K Dormansville saugertieslighthouse.com 87 20 Shaker Museum Tivoli Bays Visitor Center and Library PITTSFIELD Watts DePeyster Hall 20 NEW YORK Old 1 Tivoli Commons Chatham 295 Tivoli, NY C 32 Catski 66 (845) 889-4745 x 105 23 ll C Kinderhook 90 Schoharie Durham re e 203 Reservoir 145 k Montgomery Place COXSACKIE Chatham Lenox h House undergoing restoration Grand Gorge Long Pat NI until 2010. Grounds open to the 22 90 public. 203 7 1241 River Road Prattsville Windham 23 9H Austerlitz 9W Route 103 66 Stockbridge Annandale-on-Hudson, NY Cairo CO (845) 758-5461. 30 296 22 Although river traffic stopped during the winter23A months, the 23 Hudson Station MASS. frozen river brought new seasonal industries into the Hudson Thomas HUDSON 217 S 32 Cole Catskill Valley. From a recreational perspective, visitors could now enjoy House N Great I H Barrington skating and ice boating. Additionally, the ice itself provided a Kaaterskill Olana TA Falls 23A 23 A Hillsdale valuable resource. Before the early to mid 1900s when house- 57 T Tannersville er 42 Palenville iv 23 hold refrigeration became available, refrigeration was accom- R 23 N n o s Taconic plished by placing blocks28 of ice in a tin or zinc-lined box (these d U u Fleischmans H 82 State 9 units were typicallyMargaretville called “iceboxes”). Each Owinter, thousands 214 9W Germantown Copake Falls Park

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t c warehouses along the Hudson where they would be stored in a Taconic t E 212 SAUGERTIES S n Kill c se sawdust. Once the river thawed, theL ice was shipped by boat to Tivoli i an n J 212 OPUS 40 o c 22 L Woodstock a iff New York City. T l Roe I State Canaan Annandale- Brick making was another major in- 9W 44 K on-Hudson Montgomery 82 Place 44 dustry along the Hudson. BricksS made Red Hook 28 32 from clay and sand on theT shores of Old Rhinebeck Park Aerodome 199 the Hudson were used to build many Hudson River 199 ine A 199 lains of the buildings in New York City and Maritime Museum Millerton C Ashokan beyond. Some old brickyard chimneys Reservoir 28A Senate House Museum Rhinecliff Station remain, but mostly the old brickyard Hurley KINGSTON RHINEBECK g 87 Wilderstein k Lon e e sites have disappeared. r C 9 Delaware and Ulster 9G r County e Hudson Canal g Courthouse Staatsburgh in 82 Museum 209 p Cutting ice on the river near Catskill. 9W (Mills Mansion) Neversink Reservoir Amenia 8 | WINDOWS ON HISTORY New York By Rail wiNdows oN histoRY | 9 Rondout 44 Cornwall N High Falls Bridge e Reservoir 22 v e r s il a in HYDE PARK r k T Millbrook n R ia iv Kerhonkson ch e (FDR Home) la r Top a p Cottage 44 p y A

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Penn Station n the 18th and 19th centuries, this scenic stretch between Hudson and Rhinecliff attracted Iwealthy landowners who developed estates and built large mansions on the shore to show- Place in Annandale- rk-like setting. The grounds case the beautiful river and mountain views you enjoy from your train window. The Livings- ards, a waterfall and trails. ton family owned much of the land, and many of the mansions and estates were built by Liv- style in 1804 by Janet Liv- in the mid 19th century ingston relatives and descendents. Most of these homes were built high on the bluffs and cliffs Classical Revival style by to maximize river and mountain views so they are not visible from the train. The grounds of Montgomery Chancellor Robert R. Livingston estoration.

So u t h b o u n d : 10 min. from Hudson Station • o n r i g h t So u t h b o u n d : 12 min. from Hudson Station • o n r i g h t n r i g h t [ No r t h b o u n d : 9 min. from Rhinecliff Station • o n l e f t ] [ No r t h b o u n d : 8 min. from Rhinecliff Station • o n l e f t ] n l e f t ]

Saugerties Lighthouse Magdalen Island On the west shore near the mouth of the Esopus Creek The small rocky island you see as the train crosses the is the Saugerties Lighthouse. The lighthouse was built in North Bay is Magdalen Island, an important archeological site. 1869 and decommissioned in 1959. Today, the Saugerties The island was used by a variety of Native American tribes Lighthouse Conservancy operates it as a bed and breakfast with dating as far back as 4000 BC. Hundreds of artifacts recovered access from the mainland via a nature preserve. Guided tours here are stored and exhibited at the New York State Museum in include a trip to the light tower with its panoramic views of Albany. the Hudson. The house you see to the immediate south of the lighthouse at the end of a causeway was the home and office of the ferry master for the Tivoli-Saugerties ferry.

Cl e r m o n t Hi s to r i c Si t e for drafting the Declaration of oath of office to George Wash- During the early 18th centu- Independence. In addition, as ington at Federal Hall in New ry, Robert Livingston Jr. built New York State’s highest rank- York City (then the nation’s a brick and stone home high ing judge, Livingston was the capital) as first president of on a bluff overlooking the man who administered the the United States. Tunnel river and the Catskill Moun- tunnel you go through just tains. He named the home of the Rhinecliff station is Clermont which is French Tunnel. Built at the time for “clear mountain.” During original railroad, this is the the family’s occupation here tunnel along the train route over the next two centuries, of the Hudson Highlands. Chancellor Livingston part- the house underwent many named for the wealthy Astor nered with Robert Fulton, who changes, including a complete who began amassing an built the first commercial steam- rebuilding after being burned powered boat on the Hudson. here in the 1850s called by the British in 1777, and a The boat stopped at Clermont Col. John Jacob Astor, remodeling of the exterior in during its maiden voyage from owner of Ferncliff, died on the 1890s. One of Clermont’s New York City to Albany in ill-fated Titanic in 1912. The homeowners was Chancel- 1807. Farm remained in the lor Robert R. Livingston, who until 1959 when pieces of negotiated the Louisiana Pur- original estate were sold or chase and was also one of the The land here is now a Committee of Five responsible

10 | WINDOWS ON HISTORY Amtrak.com windows on history | 11 th n the 18 and 19 MontgoMery Place Iwealthy landowners who developed estates and built lar On the east shore of Tivoli South Bay, Montgomery Place in Annandale-on- Hudson is a 434-acre estate famous for its park-like setting. The grounds include gardens, an arboretum, woodlands, orchards, a waterfall and trails. The residence was originally built in the Federal style in 1804 by Janet Liv- ingston Montgomery. However, as tastes changed in the mid 19th century the residence was remodeled for the family in the Classical Revival style by renowned architect Alexander Jackson Davis. Montgomery Place is now owned and managed by Bard College. Tours are offered seasonally, and the Courtesy h istori c udson valley Courtesy grounds are open year round.

So u t h b o u n d : So u t h b o u n d : 13 min. from Hudson Station • b o t h s i d e s So u t h b o u n d : 15 min. from Hudson Station • o n r i g h t [ No r t h b o u n d [ No r t h b o u n d : 7 min. from Rhinecliff Station • b o t h s i d e s ] [ No r t h b o u n d : 4 min. from Rhinecliff Station • o n l e f t ]

Tivoli Bays Wildlife Management Area Kingston-Rhinecliff Bridge On the west shor As the train enters the Tivoli Bays Wildlife Management Before this bridge opened is the Saugerties Li Area, it crosses a long stretch of tidal wetland on a man- in 1957, private (and later 1869 and decommis made embankment created in 1850. The freshwater bays and state-operated) ferries served Lighthouse Conserva islands are an important part of the Hudson River National cross-river traffic. Although access from the main Estuarine Research Reserve. Here you can see ducks, marsh the bridge actually connects include a trip to the birds, osprey, herons and eagles from both sides of the train. East Kingston with the the Hudson. The ho This area is open to the public for visitation. Trail maps and area north of Rhinebeck, lighthouse at the en information are available at the Tivoli Bays visitor center in the it is named after the ferry the ferry master for nearby hamlet of Tivoli. which crossed just south of Rhinebeck at Rhinecliff. In 1999, the bridge was Cl e r m o n t Hi s to r i Ju s t b e l o w Ti v o l i Ba y s you may catch a glimpse of Edgewater, ceremonially renamed the During the early 18th which is a Greek Revival Mansion built in 1825. The train “George Clinton Kingston- ry, Robert travels behind the mansion, whose signature massive columns Rhinecliff Bridge” to honor a brick and stone face the river. Today, Edgewater is a private residence owned the first governor of New York on a bluff ov by Richard Jenrette, founder of the Classical American Homes Astor Tunnel State. river and the Preservation Trust. The tunnel you go through just tains. He named north of the Rhinecliff station is Clermont which On t h e e a s t s i d e o f t h e t r a c k s is a tiny building with its own the Astor Tunnel. Built at the time for “clear set of white columns and a “Barrytown” sign. This was the of the original railroad, this is the the family’s former Post Office for the hamlet of Barrytown. The sign was only tunnel along the train route over the next two recovered from the north of the Hudson Highlands. the house underwent Barrytown train sta- It is named for the wealthy Astor changes, including a tion before it was de- family who began amassing an rebuilding after molished by the New estate here in the 1850s called by the British in York Central Railroad. Ferncliff. Col. John Jacob Astor, remodeling of the an owner of Ferncliff, died on the 1890s. One of the ill-fated Titanic in 1912. The The massive Doric homeowners was columns of elegant Ferncliff Farm remained in the lor Robert R. Edgewater are playfully family until 1959 when pieces of negotiated the mirrored in the design of the original estate were sold or chase and was also nearby Barrytown’s former donated. The land here is now a Committee of Five responsible post office building. forest preserve and game refuge.

10 | WINDOWS ON HISTO New York By Rail windows on history | 11 Great 3 ADIRONDACK P ARK 9 Sacandaga 30 Lake 87 Victory l 29 n Kil SARATOGA 29 atte SPRINGS B 22 4 9 32 e k a Cambridge L a g Ballston o t

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t E 845-876-4818 S n Kill c se Historic Places. Originally settled in 1688, a popular L Tivoli i an wilderstein.org n J o ferry service brought passengers across the Hudson c 22 L a ff T li Staatsburgh State Historic Site CA Roe River to the City of Kingston. This service was put out Canaan Old Post Road I State of business by the construction of the Kingston-Rhinecliff Bridge. 44 Staatsburg, NY R K Montgomery 82 845-889-8851 P ARK Place 44 Today, Rhinecliff has reestablished its connection with the Hudson S Red Hook nysparks.com River. The waterfront town park includes a public boat launch and is T Old Rhinebeck Park Aerodome 199 Vanderbilt Mansion a designated Greenway Water Trail site. Pine National Historic Site A 199 Plains In Rhinebeck, just east of Rhinecliff, the Beekman Arms has Millerton 81 Vanderbilt Park Road C Ashokan Hyde Park, NY been in operation since 1766 and once provided lodging for George Reservoir 845-229-9115 Washington during the American Revolution. Today, the hotel is the nps.gov/vama longest continually operated hostelry in the nation and has been g Wilderstein k Lon e e Home of FDR photo by rolfe müller r designated as one of the Historic Hotels of America by the National C 9G r National Historic Site e Trust for Historic Preservation. The Tavern at the Beekman Arms offers dining g Staatsburgh in 82 4097 Albany Post Road p in the restored Colonial Tap Room, with overhead beams and an open hearth fireplace. (Mills Mansion) p Hyde Park, NY a Neversink Mills Norrie W 845-229-9115 Reservoir Amenia State Park The Institute for nps.gov/hofr Rondout Ecosystem 44 Cornwall N Franklin D. Studies Bridge Top Cottage e Reservoir 22 v Roosevelt e r Library and 98 Valkill Dr s il a in Museum/ r k T Hyde Park, NY Millbrook n R Val-Kill Springwood ia 845-229-9115 iv Kerhonkson ch e (FDR Home) la r Top a nps.gov/hofr p Cottage 44 p A Eleanor Roosevelt ek 115 Dover 7 re Pleasant Plains C National Historic Site t u N Valley 82 Kent o d T 54 Valkill Park Rd n I e o n eepsie m Hyde Park, NY R S James A i

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N r Franklin Delano Roosevelt Red Oaks U Mill Presidential Library and 55 55 Monticello O Museum 209 M 4079 Albany Post Road k CONN. Rhinecliff’s waterfront e 17 re Hyde Park, NY town park, adjacent to 376 C 1-800-FDR-VISIT K Wappingers Fishkill the train station, includes Falls Walkway Over The Hudson a public boat launch and N New Milford 845-454-9649 Wurtsboro is a designated Greenway U 52 Pawling walkway.org H water trail site. G o ll Lake 52 Squantz u ki Fishkill s all a W 84 Pond t N 17 o 12 | WINDOWS ON HISTORY Amtrak.com Montgomery n history | 13 n Madam Brett i BEACON 7 c A Basher Homestead/ 52 R Dutch Reformed Church NEWBURGH r 202 iv Kill e Dia:Beacon e

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East 30 Rensselaerville 20 Nassau So u t h b o u n d : at Rhinecliff Station • o n r i g h t RANG VISITING 85 9 No r t h b o u n d : 12 min. from Poughkeepsie Station • o n l e f t [ ] Dormansville 87 20 Beekman Arms Beekman Arms Delamater Inn PITTSFIELD 6387 Mill St. 20 Old Chatham 295 C 32 66 23 Kinderhook 90 Durham 203 145

COXSACKIE Chatham Lenox h Grand Gorge Long Pat NI 22 90 203 7 Prattsville Windham 23 9H Austerlitz 9W 66 Stockbridge Cairo

CO 296 22 30 23A 23 Hudson Station HUDSON 217 Rondout Lighthouse is easily visible from the station. S 32 Catskill N Great The 1913 lighthouse replaced an 1867 bluestone lighthouse Hunter Barrington I TA 23 located on the same site. Today, the lighthouse guardsA the river 23A Hillsdale Tannersville 57 port at the mouth of the Rondout Creek. The42 City of TKingston Palenville 23 23 and the Hudson River Maritime Museum work togetherN to pre- Wilderstein 28 Taconic serve the structure and keep open it to the public.U 330 Morton Road Fleischmans The Rondout waterfront 82 State 9 Rhinebeck, NY Margaretville O 214 9W Germantown Copake Falls Park (845) 876-4818. 30 32 M 87 9G Lake Taghkanic Staatsburgh State Historic Site State Park 7 Phoenicia Old Post Road Taconic Staatsburg, NY The City of Kingston L Tivoli (845) 889-8851 212 OPUS 40 22 is hidden just beyond the westL CATSKI Woodstock Vanderbilt Mansion National side of the river. In 1777, Kings-I State Canaan 9W Annandale- on-Hudson Montgomery 82 44 Historic Site ton became New York’sK first Place 4428 Albany Post Road P ARK 44 capital (in 1797, the CityS of Red Hook Hyde Park, NY 28 32 Old Rhinebeck Albany was designatedT New Park Aerodome 199 Hudson River 199 Pine York’s capital). However,A short- Maritime Museum 199 Plains ly before the Battle of Saratoga, Millerton 4097 Albany Post Road C Senate House & the British traveled north on the 28A Historic Area Rhinecliff Station Hyde Park, NY Hurley KINGSTON RHINEBECK (845) 229-9115 Hudson River to Kingston and 87 Wilderstein burned the city to the ground. Long 9 Top Cottage Only a handful of buildings survived so the city had to be re- 209 Ulster 9G 24 Potters Bend Road County built. For several years after the Revolution, Kingston served Delaware and Courthouse Staatsburgh Hyde Park, NY 82 as one of the meeting places for the state legislature. The 1676 Hudson Canal 9W (Mills Mansion) (845) 229-5320 Museum Mills Norrie Amenia senate house, which once served as headquarters for the new State Park Val-Kill state government, has been restored and is open to the public. 44 Cornwall Mohonk Preserve High Falls Vanderbilt Franklin Mansion Roosevelt 22 Bridge Route 9G Today, Kingston’s boundaries extend to the Rondout Creek. and Mohonk Slabsides Hyde Park, NY Mountain House Library and il However, the waterfront along the creek was once dominated ra HYDE PARK Museum/ T (845) 229-9115 Val-Kill Millbrook n Springwood ia by the thriving Village of Rondout. Rondout wasKerhonkson a bustling ch (FDR Home) la a Top p port in the 1800s when the Delaware and Hudson Canal car- p Franklin Delano Roosevelt Cottage 44 y A

NEW PALTZ a Presidential Libr 115 Dover 7 ried Pennsylvania coal through the narrow valley of the Sha- w Huguenot u Pleasant Plains 299 r 4079 Albany Post Road h Valley wangunk Ridge and Catskill Mountains to the Hudson River. Street T 82 Kent N e POUGHKEEPSIE Hyde Park, NY t I a Canal barges were unloaded here and the coal transferred to t 1-800-FDR-VISIT MINNEWASKA S Poughkeepsie James A k r Station riverboats for the trip to New York City. In 1899 the D&H Ca- TATE PARK o Baird S 32 Y T 44 State nal closed, but the port continued its role in shipping and ship w Walkway Over PRESERVE e Locust Park 202

N N (845) 454-9649 building into the 20th century. In 1872, Rondout was incorpo- Bardavon 1869 Grove Red Oaks U Mill walkway.org rated into the City of Kingston. Opera House 55 55 Monticello O 209 9 Today, this section of Kingston is home to the hudson Riv- 87 9W M er Maritime Museum17 , which is dedicated to interpreting the Marlboro maritime history of the Hudson River from the exploration by 376 K Gomez Wappingers Henry Hudson to the sloops and steamboats of early commerce. Mill House Falls N New Milford The museum is also one of five Wwaterurtsbor trailo sites designated in 9D U Pawling the City of Kingston or on the Rondout Creek. Mount Gulian G Fishkill 84 N 17 12 | WINDOWS ON HISTO New York By Rail Montgomery WINDOWS ON HISTORY | 13 BEACON A 52 7 NEWBURGH 202

W 9D 9 Clarence 84 Brookfield New Windsor o Fahnestock Lake Candlewood A New s Memorial Cantonment Windsor d Carmel 22 u State Park H Knox's Headquarters H Hudson 84 Highlands 301 Museum of the State Park 301 S r Middletown Hill-Hold Hudson Highlands e 87 Storm King Carmel v Museum 6 25 209 i Washingtonville Cold Spring R 84 k th State in g Pa Storm East Branch rs n 9W Foundry School ve o in King Park Reservoir DANBURY e 84 6 Goshen L ta Museum Brewster N n Mountainville Art Center 97 ou Port Jervis Harness Racing M Garrison 6 94 nk WEST POINT Boscobel 22 Museum and u U.S. Military Mahopac Bethel em Southeast Hall of Fame Chester nn s Academy 6 hu d Hudson 684 Museum Gillander Sc & Museum 13 n Highlands Glass Factory 6 17 a Fort Montgomery State Park and Museum l 202 h Battle Site Manitoga g 32 Monroe i 22 H 6 6 Yorktown n Clove Bear Peekskill 202 Katonah 94 o Museum of Art/ Ridgefield s Furnace Mountain Franklin D. 35 Caramoor d State 35 u Park Roosevelt H Stony Point State Park John Jay 7 9 Katonah Homestead d s Lake Battlefield New Croton n Tiorati Stony Reservoir l a 17A STERLING Van Cortlandt l l h Point i l Warwick Manor ra i g k Croton-on- T l i l H P 22 Pound

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Penn Station or most of its route, the The decorative barns visible on RICAL SITE the river-side of the train are part train stays close to the ood Nation- F of the “The Locusts.” This was home of Frank- river. Here it goes inland the family estate of William Dins- through Mills-Norrie State more who co-founded the Adams Express Company in the 1840s. Park and past Staatsburgh, The estate once hosted President the opulent 65-room Beaux Grant and was well known for its abundance of black locust trees. Arts mansion built in The Dinsmore Golf Course, locat- 1896 as a country home ed within Mills-Norrie State Park, is the second oldest course in the for Ogden Mills and Ruth country and was donated by Hel- Livingston Mills. en Huntington Hull, great grand- daughter of William Dinsmore.

So u t h b o u n d : 5 min. from Rhinecliff Station • o n l e f t So u t h b o u n d : 6 min. from Rhinecliff Station • o n r i g h t n r i g h t [ No r t h b o u n d : 11 min. from Poughkeepsie Station • o n r i g h t ] [ No r t h b o u n d : 9 min. from Poughkeepsie Station • o n l e f t ] n l e f t ] photo by samuel wantman photo by rolfe müller

Wilderstein Esopus Meadows Lighthouse Wilderstein sits on a bluff above the railroad in the Town The Esopus Meadows Lighthouse, near the Town of Esopus, on Bridge was of Rhinebeck where its views down river are unobstructed was built in 1839 and manned by a keeper until 1965. Governor while the for miles. Originally built as an Italianate Villa in 1852 for Today it is one of only two surviving lighthouses still under Gothic style bridge Thomas Suckley, it was later transformed into a Queen Anne the supervision of the US Coast Guard and the only surviving idges in the style mansion with five-story tower in 1888 by Suckley’s son. lighthouse built of wood on the Hudson River. The lighthouse has ension bridges in In 1890, the grounds were landscaped by Calvert Vaux. This been leased to a group called the Save the Esopus Lighthouse Victorian-era estate is operated by Wilderstein Preservation and Commission, which has made great progress stabilizing and is open to the public. repairing the structure. The automated light, relit in 2003 after 38 years of darkness, still acts as a navigation aid.

CSX railroad freight lines come close to the river here on the west side of the Hudson. At one time, there was passenger service on the west side as well. In 1869, Commodore Cornelius Vanderbilt merged the Hudson River Railroad with the New York Central Railroad. By this time, a competing line had been built along the western shore of the Hudson River under the leadership of the banker J.P. Morgan. Eventually, Morgan’s railroad line was acquired by New York Central Railroad, giving Vanderbilt domination over passenger and freight service in the Hudson Valley. Commodore Vanderbilt The large brown building at water’s Across the river, high on the ridge, had amassed a huge railroad and shipping fortune and eventually became edge is the headquarters for the is Mount St. Alphonsus Monastery. It the wealthiest man in America. Hudson River National Estuarine marks the northern end of “monastery By 1968, the railroad was facing an economic crisis. Passenger service Research Reserve and home to the row,” so called because many grand on the west side of the river was discontinued and New York Central merged Hudson River Pilot boat. A special estates on the west bank of the river with the Pennsylvania Railroad in an attempt to rebound. However, the new Hudson River Pilot is required to navi- were purchased for retreats and company, Penn Central, only lasted two years before declaring bankruptcy. gate all vessels of a certain weight seminaries by the Catholic Church , FDR’s hilltop retreat In 1971, Congress and President Richard Nixon created the Consolidated that travel on the Hudson River. The and other denominations. Rail Corporation (Conrail) for national freight traffic andA mtrak for national building began as a fashionable passenger traffic.F reight traffic continues to run along the western coast of restaurant built by the Civilian Con- the Hudson River. servation Corps in the 1930s.

14 | WINDOWS ON HISTORY Amtrak.com n history | 15 or most of it Vanderbilt HOME OF FDR NATIONAL HISTORICAL SITE Ftrain stays clo Mansion Two miles south of Vanderbilt Mansion, Springwood, the Located in Hyde Park, home of FDR was the birthplace and lifelong home of river. Here it goes in Vanderbilt Mansion Na- Franklin Delano Roosevelt, America’s through Mills-Nor tional Historic Site was 32nd President. Roosevelt frequently built in 1898 as the season- returned to Springwoood during his Park and past Sta al country home of Corne- presidency whenever White House the opulent 65-roo lius Vanderbilt’s grandson business permitted. Visitors to the home can see the interior furnished Arts mansion buil Frederick. The massive Beaux Arts structure sits exactly as it was during Roosevelt's 1896 as a country high on a steep bank offer- lifetime. Next to Springwood is the Franklin for Ogden Mills an ing one of the most scenic views of the Hudson River Delano Roosevelt Presidential Livingston Mills. and Catskill Mountains. Library and Museum. Also located on the Springwood site, (continued below)

So u t h b o u n d : So u t h b o u n d : 13 min. from Rhinecliff Station • o n r i g h t So u t h b o u n d : 13 min. from Rhinecliff Station • o n r i g h t [ No r t h b o u n d [ No r t h b o u n d : 1.5 min. from Poughkeepsie Station • o n l e f t ] [ No r t h b o u n d : 1 min. from Poughkeepsie Station • o n l e f t ] photo by samuel wantman photo by rolfe müller

Wilderstein Poughkeepsie Railroad Bridge Mid-Hudson Bridge Wilderstein sits on Built in 1888, the Great Poughkeepsie Railroad Bridge was The Franklin Delano Roosevelt Mid-Hudson Bridge was of Rhinebeck where once the longest span in the world and the first bridge to cross recently named for Roosevelt who served as Governor while for miles. Originally the Hudson south of Albany. In its heyday, this 6,767-foot- the bridge was built. Completed in 1930, this Gothic style Thomas Suckley, it long cantilever bridge was a crucial rail link between the bridge is considered one of the finest suspension bridges in style mansion with Pennsylvania coal mines and New England. It was in active the country and was once one of the largest suspension In 1890, the ground use until 1974 when fire damaged a portion of the deck and it bridges in the world. Victorian-era estate was closed. is open to the public Listed on the National Register of Historic Places, the bridge is once again in the limelight as it has been trans- (continued) Top Cottage was de- formed into a pedestrian walkway. Walkway Over the Hudson signed by Roosevelt to serve State Park is the longest and highest pedestrian span in the as his hilltop retreat overlooking the valley. The cottage was side of the Hudson. At on world. side as well. I built in 1938 to accommodate River Railroad with the Roosevelt’s wheelchair acces- line had been built alon sibility needs and hosted such leadership of the banker dignitaries as Queen Elizabeth acquired by New York Ce and King George VI. passenger and freight se Eleanor Roosevelt’s Val-Kill had amassed a huge rail is located nearby and is the first the wealthiest man in Am By 1968, the railroad National Historic Site devoted on the west side of the ri An artist’s rendition to a First Lady. It was Eleanor’s with the Pennsylvania Ra of the Poughkeepsie retreat while she served as Am- company, Penn Central, bassador to the United Nations. Bridge appeared in Top Cottage, FDR’s hilltop retreat In 1971, Congress and the February, 1887 Guests at Val-Kill included such (top) and Val-Kill (above). Rail Corporation (Conrail edition of Scientific figures as Winston Churchill passenger traffic.F reigh American. the Hudson River. and Nikita Khrushchev.

14 | WINDOWS ON HISTO New York By Rail windows on history | 15 Great 3 ADIRONDACK P ARK 9 Sacandaga 30 Lake 87 Victory l 29 n Kil SARATOGA 29 atte SPRINGS B 22 4 9 32 e k a Cambridge L a g Ballston o t

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This stretch is considered the most t c VISITING a Taconic n l e f t t E 212 SAUGERTIES ] S ill n K c se Locust Grove L Tivoli i an scenic section of the Hudson River n J 212 OPUS 40 o 2683 South Road c 22 L a ff Woodstock T li Poughkeepsie, NY CATSKILL Roe Valley. As the river narrows, the banks I State Canaan 845-454-4500 9W Annandale- on-Hudson 44 lgny.org on either side grow higher creating K Montgomery 82 P ARK Place 44 Dutch Reformed Church S Red Hook 125 Grand Street 28 32 the majestic beauty of the Hudson T Old Rhinebeck Park Newburgh, NY Aerodome 199 Ap p r o x . 39 m i n u t e s Hudson River 199 Pine A Maritime Museum 199 Plains Washington’s Headquarters State Highlands. Events that unfolded here Millerton Historic Site C Ashokan Senate House & 84 Liberty Street during the Revolutionary War earned Reservoir 28A Historic Area Rhinecliff Station Newburgh, NY the Highlands a prominent spot in our Hurley KINGSTON RHINEBECK 845-562-1195 g 87 Wilderstein k Lon e e nysparks.com r 9 C national consciousness. Ulster 9G r Dia: Beacon e County g Courthouse Staatsburgh in 3 Beekman Street Delaware and p 82 209 (Mills Mansion) p Beacon, NY Hudson Canal 9W a 845-440-0100 Neversink Museum Mills Norrie W Reservoir Amenia diaart.org State Park The Institute for Vanderbilt Rondout Ecosystem 44 Cornwall Bannerman Castle Trust N Mohonk Preserve High Falls Mansion Franklin D. Studies Bridge e Reservoir 22 v and Mohonk Roosevelt 845-256-4007 e Slabsides r Mountain House Library and s il a bannermancastle.org in HYDE PARK Museum/ r k T Millbrook n R Val-Kill Springwood ia Storm King State Park iv Kerhonkson ch e (FDR Home) la r Top a Mountain Road p OUGHKEEPSIE TO Cottage 44 p P A Cornwall-on-Hudson, NY ek 115 Dover 7 845-786-2701 re S Pleasant Plains C t nysparks.com u N Valley 82 Kent o d T n I e Storm King Art Center o n eepsie m R STA James A i

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i v 202 Park e 845-534-3115 CROTON-HARMON N r stormking.org Red Oaks U Mill 55 55 Constitution Island Monticello O South Dock 209 M West Point, NY k CONN. e 17 re 845-265-2501 376 C constitutionisland.org l fter Kingston had been burned K Fishkil West Point Foundry Preserve N New Milford 68 Kemble Avenue during the Revolutionary War, Wurtsboro 52 Cold Spring, NY Poughkeepsie served as the U Pawling H 845-473-4440 G o 52 Squantz u second capital of New York s scenichudson.org all a W 84 Pond t N 17 o until 1783. Poughkeepsie is n Boscobel Madam Brett i 7 c A Basher Homestead/ 52 R 1601 Route 9D located halfway along the navigable Hudson Kill 202 iv A Dia:Beacon er Garrison, NY W Clarence 845-265-3638 and has a long history of riverside industry. 84 Lake Brookfield Fahnestock Lake Candlewood boscobel.org In the 1800s, it was a busy whaling port and A Memorial Carmel 22 United States Military State Park home to companies that sent ships to the H 301 84 Academy and Museum S Middletown South Pacific, the Azores and New Zealand. r Hill-Hold e Carmel 2110 South Post Road v 25 209 i Museum W 6 R West Point, NY Across from the train station you will notice k 84 in East Branch 845-938-2638 rs Foundry School a restored portion of Dooley Square. These ve 6 Reservoir DANBURY Ne 84 Goshen Museum Brewster Fort Montgomery five connected buildings, constructed be- 97 State Historic Site Port Jervis Harness Racing 94 22 6 Museum and Boscobel Bethel 815 US Route 9W tween 1845 and 1909, once included a hotel, an icehouse, a brewery and a plumbing supply Mahopac Southeast Hall of Fame 6 Bear Mountain State Park company. Today, the complex represents a link to the city’s industrial past and houses restau- Gillander Chester Hudson 684 Museum 13 Highlands Bear Mountain, NY Glass Factory State Park and Museum 202 845-786-2701 ext. 226 rants, stores and offices. Fort Clinton This busy railroad depot handles train traffic for both Amtrak and Metro North, the commuter 6 22 Yorktown Katonah Route 9W, Bear Mountain, NY rail service between New York City and Poughkeepsie. Poughkeepsie Station was built in 1914 on 202 94 Museum of Art/ Ridgefield 845-786-2701 Franklin D. 35 Caramoor the site of the original 1850s station, and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 35 Bear Mountain State Park Roosevelt 1976. State Park John Jay 7 Route 9W, Bear Mountain, NY Katonah Homestead When steam engines ruled the rails, Poughkeepsie station had a large roundhouse to turn the d s New Croton n Reservoir 845-786-2701 l a 17A Van Cortlandt locomotives around for the trip back to New York City. l l h i l Warwick Manor nysparks.com ra i g k T l i l H 22 Pound Annsville Creek Paddlesport Center The last steam locomotive left the station in 1950 and the roundhouse was later demolished. a n y Ridge

a W hi Croton-Harmon a 914-739-2588 When the parking garage outside your window was proposed, an archaeological dig uncovered c w Mount la k a Station r Kisco p a 684 paddlesportcenter.com p P portions of the roundhouse foundation. Interpretive panels chronicling the dig are on display in the STATE 15 A r e Stony Point Battlefield and iv promenade above the garage. Ossining R l Lighthouse NEW JERSEY Greenwood PARK il The river section from Poughkeepsie to the head of Newburgh Bay was called “Lange Rack” M RocklandLake w Park Road, Stony Point, NY Lake a State Park S Rockefeller 845-786-2521 or the “Long Reach” by the Dutch for its straight course that allowed sailing vessels to reach their State Park NORWALK Preserve fastest speeds. The section is still labeled Lange Rack on federal navigation charts. y Valley Philipsburg Suffern 87 15 16 | WINDOWS ON HISTORY Amtrak.com 287 n history Manor| 17 Kykuit STAMFORD NYACK Neuberger 95 Nanuet TARRYTOWN Museum of Art/ 287 87 Lyndhurst Kendall Pearl 9W 287 Sculpture Gardens Stony Point Battlefield and River Sunnyside Piermont 287

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a u State Park P 7 p Phoenicia So u t h b o u n d : 10 min. from Poughkeepsie Station • o n r i g h t e VISItiNG o Clermont

t c a Taconic No r t h b o u n d : 28 min. from Croton-Harmon Station • o n l e f t t E 212 SAUGERTIES [ ] S ill n K c se L Tivoli i an n J Locust Grove 212 OPUS 40 o c 22 L a ff Woodstock T li 2683 South Road CATSKILL Roe I State Canaan Poughkeepsie, NY 12601 Annandale- 9W 44 (845) 454-4500 K on-Hudson Montgomery 82 P ARK Place 44 Dutch Reformed Church S Red Hook 28 32 125 Grand Street T Old Rhinebeck Park Aerodome 199 Newburgh, NY 12551 Hudson River 199 Pine A Maritime Museum 199 Plains Washington’s Headquarters Millerton C Ashokan Historic Site 28A Senate House & Reservoir Historic Area Rhinecliff Station 84 Liberty Street Hurley KINGSTON RHINEBECK Newburgh, NY 12551 g 87 Wilderstein k Lon e (845) 562-1195 e r 9 C Ulster 9G r Dia: Beacon e County g Courthouse Staatsburgh in 3 Beekman Street, Beacon, NY Delaware and p 82 Hudson Canal 209 (Mills Mansion) p (845) 440-0100 9W a Neversink Museum Mills Norrie W Reservoir Amenia Bannerman Castle Trust State Park The Institute for Vanderbilt (845) 831-6346 Rondout Ecosystem 44 Cornwall N Mohonk Preserve High Falls Mansion Franklin D. Studies Bridge e Reservoir 22 bannermancastle.org v and Mohonk Roosevelt e Slabsides Dooley Squarer / Poughkeepsie Station MountainNewburgh-Beacon House Bridge Library and l s i a in HYDE PARK Museum/ r Storm King Mountain and k T Millbrook n R Val-Kill Springwood ia Park Palisades Interstate P iv Kerhonkson ch e (FDR Home) la r Top a Commission p Cottage p 44 Ne w b u r g h -Be a c o n Br i d g e Newburgh-Beacon Bridge was y A Bear Mountain, NY 10911 NEW PALTZ a k 115 Dover 7 ee w r S Huguenot u Pleasant Plains (845) 786-2701 The cities of Newburgh opened, and wasC such an 299 r t Street h Valley T 82 Kent u N o e T and Beacon have long shared overwhelmingd success as a t POUGHKEEPSIE Storm King Art Center MINNEWASKA e n I a o t n Old Pleasant Hill Road R S Poughkeepsie James m an important relationship. Be- link of I-84 that it reached ca - STATE PARK k A i r l

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N nect the cities, a ferry crossed up with trafficN demands, a r (845) 534-3115 Bardavon 1869 Grove Red Oaks U Mill the Hudson at this point. At second parallel span was Opera House 55 55 The Constitution Island Monticello O one time, George Washington, opened209 in 1980. Despite the 9 Association 87 9W John Adams, Samuel Adams need forM a second bridge, the k CONN. P. O. Box 41, West Point, NY 10 e 17 Marlboro re (845) 446-8676 and others used a ferry here original cantilever span was 376 C to keep communication lines honoredK for its aesthetics in Gomez Wappingers Fishkill West Point Foundry Preser Mill House Falls Chestnut Street, Cold Spring, open between the New Eng- N 1965 by the American Institute New Milford Wurtsboro 9D land colonies and the Conti-U of Steel Construction. In the 52 Pawling Boscobel r Mount e nental Congress in Philadel- late 1990s, the bridges were iv Orange Gulian H 1601 Route 9D, Garrison, NY G R 32 o ll Lake 52 Squantz u ki Fishkill s all a (845) 265-3638 phia. Recently, ferry service named for four generations of W 84 Pond t N 17 o Montgomery n BEACON Madam Brett ic United States Military Academy has resumed in order to Basher re- men each named “Hamilton 52 7 A Homestead/ R Dutch Reformed Church NEWBURGH r 202 iv Kill e Dia:Beacon e and Museum lieve congestion around the Fish” who lived in the vicinity v r Washington's i

W R 9 2107 South Post Road Headquarters 9D Clarence Lake Brookfield rail station. and served in Congress over84 a n New Windsor o Fahnestock Lake Candlewood West Point, NY 10996 A New s Memorial In 1963, the Hamilton Fish period of 130 years. Cantonment Windsor d Carmel 22 (845) 938-2638 u State Park H Knox's Headquarters H Hudson 84 Highlands 301 Bear Mountain: Site of Fort Museum of the State Park 301 S r Middletown Hill-Hold Hudson Highlands e 87 Carmel Montgomery v Storm King 25 209 i Museum Washingtonville 6 Locust Grove R Cold Spring 84 815 US Route 9W k th State in g Pa Storm East Branch Just south of Poughkeepsiers is the country estate of telegraph pioneer n Foundry School Bear Mountain State Park e o n Park 9W Reservoir DANBURY v 6 L i King Ne 84 Goshen ta Museum Brewster Bear Mountain, NY 10911 Samuel97 F. B. Morse. The original Federal style residence was built in un Mountainville Art Center o Garrison (845) 786-2701 ext. 226 Port Jervis Harness Racing M 1830 by a wealthy New York6 City couple. Morse purchased the prop- 94 nk WEST POINT Boscobel 22 Museum and u U.S. Military Mahopac Bethel em Southeast Fort Clinton erty in 1847, three years after his breakthroughHall with of Famethe telegraph.Chester As nn s Academy 6 hu d Hudson 684 Museum Gillander Sc & Museum Route 9W ,Bear Mountain, NY 13 n Highlands tastes changed,Glass Morse Factory remodeled the house in the Italianate style with 6 17 a Fort Montgomery State Park and Museum l 202 (845) 786-2701 h Battle Site Manitoga architect Alexander Jackson Davis in 1851. For the rest of his life, Morse g 32 Monroe i 6 22 Bear Mountain State Park continued to improve the landscape surrounding the house. The estate H 6 Yorktown Route 9W, Bear Mountain, NY n Clove Bear Peekskill 202 Katonah was later purchased by the Young family in 1901 and willed94 to a preser- o Museum of Art/ Ridgefield (845) 786-2701 s Furnace Mountain Franklin D. 35 Caramoor vation trust in 1975. Today, the residence and grounds are open to the d State 35 u Park Roosevelt Annsville Creek Paddlespor public. The recreational trails that H Stony Point State Park John Jay 7 9 Katonah Homestead Center d s Lake Battlefield New Croton crisscross the estate are designated n Tiorati Stony Reservoir (914) 739-2588 l a 17A STERLING Van Cortlandt l l h Point i l Warwick Manor Greenwayra Trails and are i open to the g k Croton-on- paddlesportcenter.com T l i l H P 22 Pound

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Penn Station n r i g h t NEWBURGH is located on n l e f t ] the west bank of the Hudson and marks the northernmost point of the Highlands. In its heyday, the city was a whaling port and industrial hub. Today, Newburgh is home to the largest historic district in New York State and contains a wealth of architectural gems. The former Dutch Reformed Church, designed in 18 1835 by Alexander Jackson Davis, is an outstanding example of photo by ran d y levi n e Greek Revival construction and has been designated a National Historic Landmark. Washington’s Headquar- ters State Historic Site is Island located at the Hasbrouck . Nearby is House, which served as Gen- Point Foundry. The eral George Washington’s s built in 1818 and military headquarters in New- photo by d an iel c a se the village which burgh in 1782 and 1783. It is around it. In 1832, also the site of Washington’s Hudson Highlands American steam lo- longest stay at any location reconnect the community The grandeur of the steep mountain walls meets the river to was cast here. Dur- during the American Revolu- with the Hudson River. create a fjord in this narrow stretch. Here, glacial ice deepened vil War, the foundry tion. This is the oldest house the river channel and cut the slopes that plunge dramatically up to 2,500 cannon in the City of Newburgh, and to the river. State parks along both shores of the Hudson r the Union Army. became the first publicly ac- make this scenic stretch of river a world class destination for hes you see on both quired and operated historic THE CITY OF BEACON was recreation. Visitors can enjoy recreational opportunities at track are part of a site in the country in 1850. In originally settled as the Villages Bear Mountain State Park, Hudson Highlands State Park and marsh managed 1890, the “Tower of Victory” of Matteawan and Fishkill Harriman State Park. Thanks to the efforts of New York State, Audubon So- was completed at the site to Landing in 1709, which were New Jersey and many other partners, the views you see from of NYS Office commemorate the centennial among the first communities the train window are little changed from those you would have eation and His- of Washington’s stay and his in the state. During the seen 200 years ago from the deck of a steamboat or from a ation. A nature signing of the Cessation of American Revolution, signal New York Central Railroad coach car. boardwalk are open Hostilities at the house. The fires were lit at the top of ic, and the marsh is residence and grounds are Beacon Mountain to alert ed Greenway Water open to the public. history, having served in the a popular desti- Revolutionary armies about BANNERMAN’S CASTLE Newburgh’s waterfront con - the movements of British 1800s as a factory town and One of the most intrigu- kayakers. tinues to undergo extensive re- troops. In 1900, the the “Hat Making Capital of the ing sights along the Hudson vitalization. Today, visitors Daughters of the American United States.” Beacon Moun- is Bannerman’s Castle, which can enjoy waterfront parks, Revolution built a stone tain itself also carries signifi- sits on Pollepel Island in the promenades, and cafes that monument at the top of cance as the highest peak in middle of the Hudson River. Beacon Mountain to the Hudson Highlands, and is Native Americans once be- recognize the soldiers most likely the mountain de- lieved the island was haunted, iver who manned the signal fire picted on the New York State and a rite of passage for Colo- beacons. The monument is seal. Today Beacon has experi- nial-era sailors making their patterned after the original enced an artistic and commer- first journey up the Hudson beacons which were built of cial revitalization and offers was to be left stationed on the logs. a variety of shops, cafes, and island until the ship returned. In 1913, the City of Beacon recreational opportunities. In During the Revolutionary War, was chartered and named to the late 1990s, Dia: Beacon patriots attempted to block commemorate its historic role opened in the former Nabisco the advance of British ships photo by d an iel c a se in the Revolution. Beacon factory and has become one by placing iron-tipped logs Tower of Victory at Washington’s also had an extensive of largest contemporary art between this island and Plum Headquarters State Historic Site industrial museums in the world. Point across the river.

18 | WINDOWS ON HISTORY Amtrak.com n history | 19 So u t h b o u n d : 15 min. from Poughkeepsie Station • o n r i g h t So u t h b o u n d : 15 min. from Poughkeepsie Station • o n r i g h t [ No r t h b o u n d : 24 min. from Croton-Harmon Station • o n l e f t ] [ No r t h b o u n d : 23 min. from Croton-Harmon Station • o n l e f t ] photo by ran d y levi n e

Bannerman’s Arsenal (or Castle) Storm King Mountain

In 1900, Pollepel Island was St o r m Ki n g Mo u nt a i n a n d station marking the Catskill through Constitution Island purchased by Francis Banner- St a t e Pa r k Aqueduct, which carries wa- Marsh Sanctuary. Nearby is man, a wealthy Scottish-born In 1962, the utility com- ter from the Ashokan Reser- the West Point Foundry. The merchant who specialized in pany Con Edison proposed a voir in Ulster County to sup- Foundry was built in 1818 and surplus military equipment. hydroelectric project here to ply approximately 40% of pre-dates the village which In 1901, Bannerman began generate electricity for New New York City’s water. grew up around it. In 1832, construction of a summer York City. The project would the first American steam lo- home and storage warehouse have required cutting into the Ac r o s s f r o m St o r m Ki n g comotive was cast here. Dur- modeled after a Scottish cas- face of the mountain. This led Mo u n ta i n , the train travels ing the Civil War, the foundry tle. He continued construction to a struggle between develop- through the Village of Cold produced up to 2,500 cannon for 17 years, decorating the ers and preservationists that Spring. The train station a week for the Union Army. castle with ornate masonry would continue for 17 years. In you see as you pass through The marshes you see on both and walled gardens. 1980, Con Edison abandoned the village was built in 1893 sides of the track are part of a After his death in 1918, the project and donated the by Commodore Vanderbilt 270-acre tidal marsh managed the family operated the ware- property for Storm King State and was active until 1954. In by the National Audubon So- house compound until a mu- Park. This community action 1972, the station was adapted ciety on behalf of NYS Office nitions explosion forced them became the foundation of the for reuse as a restaurant, and of Parks, Recreation and His- to move the operation to Long modern environmental move- is filled with images of Cold toric Preservation. A nature Island. Debris from the explo- ment, and helped to launch Spring’s past and its connec- trail and boardwalk are open sion included a 25-foot section a number of environmental tion with the railroad. to the public, and the marsh is of perimeter wall that landed organizations including Sce- a designated Greenway Water across the railroad tracks. nic Hudson, whose mission You will travel past Trail site and a popular desti- The castle continued as is dedicated to protecting and Foundry Cove before cutting nation for kayakers. a summer home until 1967 restoring the Hudson River when the family sold it to and riverfront landscapes New York State. Two years for future generations. Des- Salt Front later, a fire gutted the castle, ignated Greenway trails here Although you can’t see a difference in the river at this point, you could leaving it an abandoned shell. provide stunning views of the certainly taste it. This point in the Hudson River, called the “salt front,” is The compound is now under Catskills, the Hudson Valley the leading edge of seawater from the Atlantic Ocean. The Hudson River the protection of the NYS Of- and Newburgh Bay. is a tidal estuary (an arm of the sea that is subject to tides like the ocean — it can be fresh water or salt water. The wetlands that are present in fice of Parks, Recreation and Storm King Art Center, the northern half of the Hudson River estuary are Historic Preservation and the located on the west side of the freshwater tidal wetlands – they are a globally Bannerman Castle Trust. mountain in Mountainville, is rare ecological community that is regionally a 500-acre outdoor sculpture common). The Hudson River consists of both fresh garden and museum that is water running off the land and salt water from the open to the public. ocean, and it responds to the same tidal action that governs the ocean. Above Newburgh Bay, the Th e s t o n e b u i l d i n g at the Hudson is usually fresh water, below the Bay it side of the river just north of becomes brackish and progressively saltier until it the railroad tunnel is a pump reaches the Battery at the tip of Manhattan where it joins the Atlantic Ocean.

New York By Rail windows on history | 19 o u t h b o u n d o n r i g h t o u t h b o u n d o n r i g h t o u t h b o u n d o n r i g h t S : 20 min. from Poughkeepsie Station • S : 23 min. from Poughkeepsie Station • S : 27 min. from Poughkeepsie Station • president E.H. Harriman, had No r t h b o u n d : 19 min. from Croton-Harmon Station • o n l e f t No r t h b o u n d : 15 min. from Croton-Harmon Station • o n l e f t No r t h b o u n d : 12 min. from Croton-Harmon Station • o n l e f t [ ] [ ] [ ] died in 1909. As a testament to his memory, she offered New York State ten thousand acres of her estate in Rockland and Orange Counties and a million dollars for the creation of a park. This prompted several other wealthy businessmen to donate funds to purchase additional land for recreational uses. The state abandoned its prison plans and the Bear Mountain-Harriman State Park opened in 1914.

Pe e k s k i l l Stony Point Battlefield West Point Bear Mountain Bridge Peekskill As you approach Peekskill, and Lighthouse the train crosses a wide cove. Just south of Peekskill is the In the 1600s, Jan Peeck of New Stony Point Battlefield State His- We s t Po i nt Fo r t Mo nt g o m e r y St a t e Be a r Mo u nt a i n Br i d g e Amsterdam founded a trading toric Site. Although not visible In 1777, the British Hi s t o r i c Si t e a n d Fo r t When the bridge opened in post on Annsville Creek at the from the train, this was the set- breached defenses just south Cl i nt o n are located high on 1924, this was the first auto- present-day site of the town ting for the last major Revolution- of here and continued north the cliffs south of West Point mobile bridge across the Hud- named after him—Peekskill. ary War battle in the northeast. to torch Kingston, then New and flank the Popolopen Creek son south of Albany, and was This river town is the southern In 1779, General Anthony Wayne York’s capital. General George on the west side of the Hud- the longest suspension bridge entrance to the Highlands and led the American infantry in a Washington was determined son River. The two forts have in the world. This was also its strategic location made it an successful cross-river night ac- not to let history repeat itself, often been referred to as the the first suspension bridge to important manufacturing cen- tion to recapture fortifications at so West Point was built in 1778 “twin forts of the Popolopen have a concrete deck. ter during the Revolutionary this site. Today, a museum offers to protect American forces Creek” and were the first forts In order to construct train War. Peekskill served as one interpretive programs that include during the Revolutionary War. built in the Highlands by the routes on either side along of George Washington’s head- reenactments and demonstra- The fortress was strategically Continental Army. this stretch of the river, mas- quarters and was raided and tions. Designated Greenway Trails located at the river’s narrowest In 1777, this was the scene sive rock cutting was required burned several times. The com- are also located at the site. point, where its curving course of a fierce battle as the patri- to create tunnels and level munity remained an industrial Stony Point Lighthouse was would slow English ships. For ots tried to repel an attack by surface. center throughout the 19th and built here in 1826 and is the further protection, a massive the British. Although the Brit- early 20th centuries and was oldest lighthouse on the Hud- iron chain mounted on log ish eventually captured both home to Binney and Smith, the son River. The octagonal, stone booms was stretched across forts, the fighting delayed Be a r Mo u nt a i n company credited with invent- lighthouse was in operation until the river to Constitution Island their advances north. This St a t e Pa r k ing Crayola crayons. 1925 when it was replaced with a to block invaders. delay gave American forces Efforts to protect this large Today Peekskill has a grow- steel light tower. Both the battle- In 1780, Benedict Arnold, the upper hand, which led to tract of the Hudson High- ing arts community and is un- field and the lighthouse are oper- then commander at West Point, the surrender of General Bur- lands came to a head in the dergoing an extensive water- ated by the New York State Office plotted to sell the fortress’ goyne at Saratoga 11 days lat- early 1900s when the state front development initiative. of Parks, Recreation and Historic plans to the British. Arnold’s A view from the Bear Mountain er. The remains of both Forts proposed to build a new Sing The Annsville Creek Pad- Preservation and the Palisades plot was thwarted when his Bridge. In the background is the are open to the public and are Sing Prison here. The proposal dlesport Center is housed in Interstate Park Commission. The emissary, Major John André, Popolopen Bridge between part of designated Greenway prompted Mary Averill Harri- the blue barn you see on the site features an interpretive mu- was captured near Sleepy Hol- Fort Mongomery and Bear Mountain. Trails. man to take action. Her hus- shore of the cove and is the seum, well marked trails and low/Tarrytown. In 1802, Presi- photo © m a u r ee n pl i field/ b igstockphotos band, Union Pacific Railroad only state park dedicated to beautiful views of the Hudson dent Thomas Jefferson signed paddle sports. The Paddlesport River. an act of Congress establishing Center is also a designated a military academy at West BOSCOBEL Chaining the River Greenway Water Trail site. On a bluff near the hamlet of Garrison is Boscobel, a Federal style The first chain stretched across Point. Today, it is the oldest Across the Peekskill Bay, residence built between 1804 and 1808. Boscobel was origi- the river by the Continental Army U.S. military academy, the na- you will notice the Indian nally constructed about 15 miles south in Montrose (Westchester spanned the river from Bear Moun- tion’s first engineering school, County) for States Morris Dyckman, a Loyalist who made his tain on the west bank to Anthony’s Point Energy Center, one of and the oldest continuously oc- fortune working for British quartermasters during the American Nose. During the 1777 attack on the state’s first nuclear power cupied military post in the na- Revolution. When the building was scheduled for demolition in the Fort Montgomery, while the infantry plants. Indian Point employs tion. West Point offers guided 1950s, local preservationists dismantled the structure piece by attacked by land, British ships over a thousand people and tours and spectacular views of piece and rebuilt it in Garrison with the financial backing of Lila broke through the massive links and supplies enough power to the Hudson at Trophy Point. Acheson Wallace, co-founder of the Reader’s Digest. Boscobel is continued upriver. light 2 million homes and open to the public and offers beautiful views of the Hudson, rose businesses. gardens, organic orchards, and designated Greenway Trails.

20 | WINDOWS ON HISTORY Amtrak.com New York By Rail windows on history | 21 o u t h b o u n d o u t h b o u n d o n r i g h t S : S : 27 min. from Poughkeepsie Station • president E.H. Harriman, had No r t h b o u n d No r t h b o u n d : 12 min. from Croton-Harmon Station • o n l e f t [ [ ] died in 1909. As a testament to his memory, she offered New York State ten thousand acres of her estate in Rockland and Orange Counties and a million dollars for the creation of a park. This prompted several other wealthy businessmen to donate funds to purchase additional land for recreational uses. The state abandoned its prison plans and the Bear Mountain-Harriman State Park opened in 1914.

PEEKSKILL Stony Point Battlefield West Point Peekskill As you approach Peekskill, and Lighthouse the train crosses a wide cove. Just south of Peekskill is the In the 1600s, Jan Peeck of New Stony Point Battlefield State His- Amsterdam founded a trading We s t Po i nt FORT MONTGOMERY BEAR MOUNTAIN BRIDGE toric Site. Although not visible In 1777, the STATE HISTORIC SITE AND When the bridge opened in post on Annsville Creek at the from the train, this was the set- breached defenses ju FORT CLINTON are located 1924, this was the first auto- present-day site of the town ting for the last major Revolution- of here and contin high on the cliffs south of mobile bridge across the Hud- named after him—Peekskill. ary War battle in the northeast. to torch Kingston, West Point and flank the son south of Albany, and was This river town is the southern In 1779, General Anthony Wayne York’s capital. Gene Poplopen Creek on the west the longest suspension bridge entrance to the Highlands and led the American infantry in a side of the Hudson River. Washington was in the world. This was also its strategic location made it an successful cross-river night ac- The two forts have often been not to let history re the first suspension bridge to important manufacturing cen- tion to recapture fortifications at referred to as the “twin forts so West Point was bu have a concrete deck. ter during the Revolutionary this site. Today, a museum offers of the Popolopen Creek” and to protect Americ In order to construct train War. Peekskill served as one interpretive programs that include were the first forts built in the of George Washington’s head- during the Revoluti Highlands by the Continental routes on either side along reenactments and demonstra- quarters and was raided and The fortress was st Army. this stretch of the river, mas- tions. Designated Greenway Trails burned several times. The com- located at the river’s In 1777, this was the scene sive rock cutting was required are also located at the site. point, where its curv to create tunnels and level munity remained an industrial Stony Point Lighthouse was of a fierce battle as the th would slow English patriots of tried to repel an surface. center throughout the 19 and built here in 1826 and is the th further protection, attack by the British. Al- early 20 centuries and was oldest lighthouse on the Hud- iron chain mounte though the British eventually home to Binney and Smith, the son River. The octagonal, stone company credited with invent- booms was stretche captured both forts, the fight- BEAR MOUNTAIN lighthouse was in operation until the river to Constituti ing delayed their advances STATE PARK ing Crayola crayons. 1925 when it was replaced with a Efforts to protect this large to block invaders. north. This delay gave Amer- Today Peekskill has a grow- steel light tower. Both the battle- tract of the Hudson High- In 1780, Benedi ican forces the upper hand, ing arts community and is un- field and the lighthouse are oper- lands came to a head in the then commander at which led to the surrender of dergoing an extensive water- ated by the New York State Office early 1900s when the state plotted to sell the General Burgoyne at Saratoga front development initiative. of Parks, Recreation and Historic proposed to build a new Sing plans to the British. 11 days later. The remains of The Annsville Creek Pad- Preservation and the Palisades both Forts are open to the Sing Prison here. The proposal plot was thwarted dlesport Center is housed in Interstate Park Commission. The public and feature designated prompted Mary Averill Harri- emissary, Major Jo the blue barn you see on the site features an interpretive mu- Green-way Trails. man to take action. Her hus- was captured near shore of the cove and is the seum, well marked trails and band, Union Pacific Railroad low/Tarrytown. In only state park dedicated to beautiful views of the Hudson dent Thomas Jefferso paddle sports. The Paddlesport River. an act of Congress es Center is also a designated a military academy Chaining the River Greenway Water Trail site. Point. Today, it is th The first chain stretched across Across the Peekskill Bay, the river by the Continental Army U.S. military academy you will notice the Indian spanned the river from Bear Moun- Point Energy Center, one of tion’s first engineerin tain on the west bank to Anthony’s the state’s first nuclear power and the oldest continuously Nose. During the 1777 attack on cupied military post Fort Montgomery, while the infantry plants. Indian Point employs tion. West Point offe attacked by land, British ships over a thousand people and tours and spectacula broke through the massive links and supplies enough power to the Hudson at Trophy P continued upriver. light 2 million homes and businesses.

20 | WINDOWS ON HISTO New York By Rail windows on history | 21 Great 3 ADIRONDACK P ARK 9 Sacandaga 30 Lake 87 Victory l 29 n Kil SARATOGA 29 atte SPRINGS B 22 4 9 32 e k a Cambridge L a g Ballston o t

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NEW PALTZ a 914-271-8981 tration of historic sites and estates built by k 115 Dover 7 ee w r S Huguenot u Pleasant Plains hudsonvalley.org C 299 r t Street h Valley u N T 82 Kent o wealthy entrepreneurs. In the 1700s, two e T d t POUGHKEEPSIE Old Croton Aqueduct State MINNEWASKA e n I a o t n Historic Park R S Poughkeepsie James m STATE PARK k A i r l

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w Dobbs Ferry, NY v e 202 Philipses – owned the entire 30-mile section. Locust Park e

N 914-693-5259 N r Bardavon 1869 Grove Red Oaks nysparks.com U Mill Ap p r o x . 19 m i n u t e s Most of the historic sites you see today were Opera House 55 55 Monticello O Croton Point Park 209 9 87 9W Croton Point Avenue preserved for the public through the generosity M k CONN. e Croton-on-Hudson, NY 17 Marlboro re 914-862-5290 of the Rockefeller family who built their estate 376 C K Gomez Wappingers Fishkill Haverstraw Brick Museum here at Pocantico Hills. Mill House Falls 12 Main Street N of congress of library photo courtesy New Milford Wurtsboro 9D Haverstraw, NY U 52 Pawling r Mount 845-947-3505 e iv Orange Gulian H G R 32 o haverstrawbrickmuseum.org ll Lake 52 Squantz u ki Fishkill s all a W 84 Pond t N 17 o Rockefeller State Park Preserve Montgomery n Madam Brett i BEACON 7 c 125 Phelps Way A Basher Homestead/ 52 R Dutch Reformed Church NEWBURGH r ak and Metro North. 202 iv Kill e Dia:Beacon e Pleasantville, NY v r Washington's i

W R 9 914-631-1470 Headquarters 9D Clarence nance facility. The Lake Brookfield 84 n New Windsor o Fahnestock Lake Candlewood nysparks.com A New s Memorial condition when real Cantonment Windsor d Carmel 22 u State Park

Sing Sing Prison Museum Office H H Knox's Headquarters Hudson e land to New 84York CROTON- HARMON Highlands 301 127 Main Street Museum of the Hudson River Rail- S Middletown State Park 301 Ossining, NY r Hill-Hold Hudson Highlands e 87 Storm King Carmel v Museum 6 25 209 i Washingtonville Cold Spring n you see the brick 914-236-5407 R 84 k th State singsingprisonmuseum.org in Pa Storm the rail East Branch rs ng Foundry School e o n Park 9W Reservoir DANBURY v 6 L i King Kykuit, the Rockefeller Estate Ne 84 Goshen ta Museum for allBrewster electric 97 un Mountainville Art Center 381 North Broadway TO ONKERS o Garrison Y Port Jervis Harness Racing M ntral Railroad was 6 94 k WEST POINT 22 Museum and un Boscobel Bethel Sleepy Hollow, NY m U.S. Military Mahopac Southeast Hall of Fame ne which the electric 914-631-8200 Chester n s Academy 6 684 Museum Gillander hu d Hudson Sc n & Museum and replaced hudsonvalley.org 13 Highlands Glass Factory 6 17 a Fort Montgomery State Park and Museum l 202 Washington Irving’s Sunnyside h Battle Site Manitoga the journey north. g 32 Monroe i 22 3 West Sunnyside Lane H 6 6 Irvington, NY utside your win- n Katonah 94 o Museum of Art/ Ridgefield 914-591-8763 s 35 Caramoor dow is Haver- d 35 hudsonvalley.org u Lighthouse at Sleepy Hollow straw Bay, the H John Jay 7 s Katonah Homestead Kingsland Point Park widest point of n d l a 17A STERLING Palmer Avenue the Hudson Riv- l l h i l Warwick ra i g k T l i Sleepy Hollow, NY l H 22 Pound er. The 3.5 mile width is also a

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914-366-5109 O a W hi Sterling Lake a the shallowest point along c w Mount visitsleepyhollow.com la Lake Sebago k a 87 r Kisco p a 684 this route with less than a p STATE P 15 Sleepy Hollow Cemetery A STATE P 540 N. Broadway 20 foot depth outside of the Sleepy Hollow, NY shipping channel. The depth NEW JERSEY Greenwood PARK 914-344-5109 Lake sleepyhollowcemetery.org and width of this area make NORWALK it ideal for waterfowl which Philipsburg Manor Upper Mills 381 North Broadway congregate year round in the Suffern 15 Sleepy Hollow, NY marshes and coves along the STAMFORD Neuberger 95 914-631-3992 shores. As you look towards Museum of Art/ hudsonvalley.org 287 Kendall the river, you will see the Lyndhurst Sculpture Gardens Village of Haverstraw on the Haverstraw Bay 635 South Broadway GREENWICH D N Tarrytown, NY western shore. U 914-631-4481 lyndhurst.org Croton-on-Hudson was in- chased the Manor to ensure the 1800s, there were limited O

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Greenbush Road 208 on N of Stephanus Van Cortlandt as Early industry in Cro- on the island of Manhattan. 202 ns A y Orangeburg, NY National Heritage Area North wa RYE L early as 1697 and was incor- ton included shipping, ship As New York City continued boundary k S 845-638-5419 287 I porated as a village in 1898. building and brick making. to develop and its population G Hudson River Museum/Glenview Appalachian Trail N Van Cortlandt Manor, locat- With the construction of the continued to climb, the wells P 95 O 511 Warburton Avenue L Yonkers, NY ed on the banks of the Croton Hudson River Railroad in and cisterns in the city were 20 Long Path 202 PATERSON St. Paul's Church 914-963-4550 River, was originally built by 1846, the village soon gained becoming polluted, leading to hrm.org Stephanus in the late 1600s recognition as a transporta- epidemics of diseases such as Untermeyer Gardens Huntington and remained in the Van Cor- tion hub. However, Croton is cholera and yellow fever. Of- 80 945 N. Broadway 01 5 10 Kilometers 46 Glen Cove Oyster tlandt family until 1953 when best known for its relation- ficials turned to the Croton Bay Huntington Yonkers, NY 01 5 10 Miles Station 914-613-4502 Port John D. Rockefeller Jr. pur- ship with New York City. In River as a source of clean 202 280 Caldwell 3 Syosset untermeyergardens.org Washington Woodbury 22 | WINDOWS ON HISTORY Amtrak.com n history | 23

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t c a Taconic t E 212 SAUGERTIES S n Kill c se L Tivoli i an n J 212 OPUS 40 o c 22 L a ff Woodstock T li CATSKILL Roe I State Canaan Annandale- 9W 44 K on-Hudson Montgomery 82 P ARK Place 44 S Red Hook 28 32 T Old Rhinebeck Park Aerodome 199 Hudson River 199 Pine A Maritime Museum 199 Plains Millerton C Ashokan Senate House & Reservoir 28A Historic Area Rhinecliff Station Hurley KINGSTON RHINEBECK g 87 Wilderstein k Lon e e r 9 C Ap p r o x . 25 m i n u t e s Ulster 9G r e County g Courthouse Staatsburgh in Delaware and p 82 209 (Mills Mansion) p Hudson Canal 9W a Neversink Museum Mills Norrie W Reservoir Amenia State Park The Institute for Vanderbilt Rondout Ecosystem 44 Cornwall N Mohonk Preserve High Falls Mansion Franklin D. Studies Bridge e Reservoir 22 v and Mohonk Roosevelt e Slabsides r Mountain House Library and s il a VISItiNG in HYDE PARK Museum/ r k water and began a major initiative to transport that water to T Millbrook n R Val-Kill Springwood ia iv New York City. The Old CrotonKerhonkson Dam and the Croton Aqueduct ch e (FDR Home) la Van Cortlandt Manor r Top a p (an underground masonry tunnel used for transporting water - Cottage 44 p South Riverside Avenue y A NEW PALTZ a k 115 Dover 7 many of the bricks used in this tunnelee came from Hudson Valley w Croton-on-Hudson, NY r S Huguenot u Pleasant Plains C 299 r t Street h Valley (914) 631-8200 brickyards) were constructed inu 1837. N T 82 Kent o e T d t POUGHKEEPSIE MINNEWASKA e n I a o t n By 1890, the New Croton Aqueduct was constructed to keep m R S Poughkeepsie James STATE PARK k Old Croton Aqueduct Stat A i r l

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N r Dobbs Ferry, New York a Receiving Reservoir between 79th and 86th streets in Central Bardavon 1869 Grove Red Oaks U Mill (914) 693-5259 Opera House 55 55 Monticello Park. By 1940, New YorkO City had identified other means of de- 209 9 livery for clean water, so Robert Moses, then City Commissioner 87 9W M Croton Point Park k CONN. e 17of Parks, ordered the Receiving Reservoir drained and filled. Marlboro re Croton Point Avenue 376 C Croton-on-Hudson, NY Today, this site isK the location of the Great Lawn in Central Park. Gomez Wappingers Fishkill (914) 862-5290 The New Croton Aqueduct continues to supply New York City Mill House Falls

N of congress of library photo courtesy New Milford with 10% of itsW urtsborwatero needs. 9D Clearwater U Looking upstream at the spillway of the New Croton 52Dam and Reservoir Pawling r Mount e 112 Little Market Street iv Orange Gulian H G R 32 52 o ill Lake Squantz u Ol d Cr o t o n Aq u e d u c t St a t e Hi s to r i c Pk a r k Fishkill s Poughkeepsie, NY all a W 84 Pond t N 17 o (845) 454-7673 This narrow 26-mile-long park was created Montgomeryin 1968 by the Cr o t o n -Ha r m o n St a t i o n n Madam Brett i BEACON 7 c A Basher Homestead/ 52 R New York State Office of Parks, Recreation Dutchand HistoricReformed Pres- Church NEWBURGHCroton-Harmonr Station serves both Amtrak and Metro North. 202 iv Kill e Dia:Beacon e

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W R 9 ervation. The park path goes along the top of the Headquartersdecommis- It is also home to9D the Croton-HarmonClarence maintenance facility. The Lake Brookfield 12 Main Street 84 n New Windsor o Fahnestock Lake Candlewood A sioned Croton aqueduct from the Croton Dam in Cortlandt to nameNew “Harmon”s was addedMemorial to Croton as a condition when real Haverstraw, NY Cantonment Windsor d Carmel 22 u State Park (845) 947-3505 H Van Cortlandt Park in the City of Yonkers, at itsKnox's southern Headquarters border estate magnateH HudsonClifford Harmon deeded the land to New 84York Highlands 301 haverstrawbrickmuseum.org with New York City. The Croton system relied onMuseum gravity of the to Central RailroadState after Park it had301 merged with the Hudson River Rail- S r Middletown Hill-Hold Hudson Highlands e 87 Storm King Carmel v Museum 6 25 209 i transport the water. With a grade of only 13W ashingtonvilleinches per mile, road in the 1870s. Cold Just Spring north of the station you see the brick Rockefeller State Park Preserve R 84 k th State in the grassy spaces covering the aqueduct are ideal gforPa running, HarmonStorm Diesel & Electric Shops. North of Croton-Harmon the rail East Branch Box 338 rs n 9W Foundry School ve o in King Park Reservoir DANBURY e walking and84 biking. Over6 23 miles of Goshenthe park areL designated tasa line is diesel, so this station servesMuseum as a terminus for allBrewster electric Tarrytown, NY N n Mountainville Art Center 97 ou (914) 631-1470 Port Jervis part of the GreenwayHarness Trail system. Racing M service in the corridor.Garrison When New York Central Railroad was 6 94 k WEST POINT 22 Museum and un Boscobel Bethel m U.S. Military Mahopac Southeast Hall of Fame ne in operation, this station marked the point at which the electric Chester n s Academy 6 684 Museum Sing Sing Prison Museum Gillander hu d Hudson Sc n locomotives& Museum would have to be physically detached and replaced 13 Highlands 95 Broadway Glass Factory 6 17 a Fort Montgomery State Park and Museum l 202 h with Battlesteam Site or diesel locomotivesManitoga to continue the journey north. Ossining, NY g 32 Monroe i 22 (914) 941-3189 H 6 6 Yorktown n Clove Bear Peekskill 202 Katonah 94 o Museum of Art/ Ridgefield Kykuit, the Rockefeller Estate s Furnace Mountain Franklin D. 35 Caramoor d State 35 Route 9 u Park Roosevelt Sleepy Hollow, NY H Stony Point State Park John Jay 7 9 Katonah Homestead d s Lake Battlefield New Croton (914) 631-9491 n Tiorati Stony Reservoir l a 17A STERLING Van Cortlandt l l h Point i l Warwick Manor ra i g k Croton-on- T l i Washington Irving’s Sunnys l H P 22 Pound

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o State w Lake r U k Park B r WHITE Lyndhurst Today the Manor House is open to O Tappan a y n i a P r S PLAINS 287 DeWint a e 635 South Broadway w r e the public and interprets the Van t v k p i House a r D 87 S t R Tarrytown, NY 208 a S n N

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r Camp Shanks c Museum G e a t ing grounds are tended by workers a D s a N G Appalachian Trail t South Greenbush Road n s YONKERS 95 PARAMUS e r O

k in period dress and feature plant r e A c t Orangeburg, NY e Philipse 87 L 208 a v n 20 i I H 202 R Manor S (845) 638-5419 Long Pathspecies that are historically accurate PATERSON 4 MT. VERNON St. Paul's Church Hall s I for the period. Van Cortlandt Manor HACKENSACK e NEW ROCHELLE Englewood d a s i L Hudson River Museum/Gle is owned and operated by Historic 80 l a P Huntington 511 Warburton Avenue 80 46 A 01 5 10 HudsonKilometers Valley. 46 95 Glen Cove Oyster P Yonkers, NY 87 Bay Huntington 01 5 10 Miles 95 Station (914) 963-4550 Passaic 678 202 280 Caldwell 9A 295 Port Syosset 3 Washington Woodbury

22 | WINDOWS ON HISTO New York By Rail windows on history | 23

Penn Station So u t h b o u n d : 1 min. from Croton Station • o n r i g h t So u t h b o u n d : 4 min. from Croton Station • o n r i g h t n l e f t [ No r t h b o u n d : 16 min. from Yonkers Station • o n l e f t ] [ No r t h b o u n d : 13 min. from Yonkers Station • o n l e f t ] o n r i g h t ]

Croton Point Park Sing Sing Correctional Facility

If you look towards the Department of Environmental also a designated Greenway yards lining the western shore y 1,200 acres of the river, you will see Croton Conservation, this site has be- Water Trail site with a cartop of the Hudson for nearly two r family estate, and Point Park on a portion of come a premiere bird watch- launch and a campground. miles. As many as 130 brick- further inland at land extending out into the ing park and home to the yards were once found along Hills. Nearby, John river. This former landfill Great Hudson River Revival, Across the river from Cro- the Hudson from the Town of Sr. built Kykuit was once the largest waste a music and environmental ton you will see the Town of Haverstraw northward to the 1900s as his pri- disposal site in the Hudson festival held each summer Haverstraw. At one time, Hav- Town of Stuyvesant. . The six-story stone Valley. Through remediation to benefit the Hudson River erstraw was the brick making Brick making was an im- erlooking the Hud- efforts by the New York State Sloop Clearwater. The park is capital of the world, with brick- portant industry in many of to the public, and the communities along the extensive collec- Hudson River. Supplied by tiques as well as an deep reserves of blue and yel- d art gallery with THE CLEARWATER low clay, it continued through- Warhol and Pica- As you look towards the Hudson out the region from 1771 until River, you may catch a glimpse of landscaped grounds the Clearwater, a 106-foot-long just after World War II. The formal garden and tall ship designed to resemble a bricks produced in these brick- single-mast Hudson River Sloop. yards were imprinted with A sloop was the workboat of the the names of the yard or the river in the 18th and 19th centuries community where they were that hauled bricks, hay, and other produced and then shipped to goods between communities. New York City and throughout Originated by folk musician and the east coast. Beacon resident Pete Seeger, the The Haverstraw Brick Clearwater was built in 1969, at Museum in Haverstraw was a time when industrial waste and created to preserve the history sewage was choking life in the of this once-thriving industry. river. The Clearwater travels up and down the Hudson with school children and adults, stopping at Oss i n i n g ports along the way to heighten South of Croton, you will awareness of the river’s fragile pass through the Village of ecosystem and the devastating Ossining. This area was origi- effects of pollution. In 2004, the nally inhabited by a Native Clearwater was placed on the Na- American tribe known as the tional Register of Historic Places “Sint Sinck” (which translates for its historic role in the environ- into “stone upon stone,” and mental movement. Clearwater's refers to the limestone beds new home port is at the Hudson found in the region). River Maritime Museum in photo by steve stanne © hudson river sloop clearwater photo by steve stanne In 1685, the Sint Sincks Kingston.

24 | WINDOWS ON HISTORY Amtrak.com n history | 25 So u t h b o u n d So u t h b o u n d : 8 min. from Croton Station • o n r i g h t So u t h b o u n d : 13 min. from Croton Station • o n l e f t [ No r t h b o u n d [ No r t h b o u n d : 9 min. from Yonkers Station • o n l e f t ] [ No r t h b o u n d : 6 min. from Yonkers Station • o n r i g h t ]

Lighthouse at Sleepy Hollow Sunnyside

If you look tow sold their land to Frederick Si n g Si n g Today, information about proximately 1,200 acres of the river, you will Philipse (a British loyalist) Guard towers and razor the prison can be found at Rockefeller family estate, and Point Park on a who incorporated it into his wire mark the site of one of the Sing Sing Museum in the is located further inland at land extending Manor of Philipsburg. At the the country’s most famous Caputo Community Center, Pocantico Hills. Nearby, John river. This end of the American Revolu- prisons—Sing Sing Correc- and at the Ossining Histori- D. Rockefeller Sr. built Kykuit was once the largest tion, the land was sold at auc- tional Facility. Built in 1828, cal Society Museum. Plans to in the early 1900s as his pri- disposal site in tion and became known as Sing Sing is still in use as a create a historical museum at vate home. The six-story stone Valley. Through remediation “Sing Sing.” maximum security prison and the prison have been under house overlooking the Hud- efforts by the New By 1813 the Village of Sing has the second highest prison discussion for more than a de- son is open to the public, and Sing was incorporated. In population in the state. The cade and include a proposal to includes an extensive collec- 1825, the village was chosen train passes quite close to the build a museum in the prison’s tion of antiques as well as an as the site for the state’s sec- prison so the structure you see former power plant building. underground art gallery with THE CLEARWATER ond prison (the first was in the out your window is the old So u t h o f Oss i n i n g , the train works from Warhol and Pica- As you look towards City of Auburn in central New cell block, built by prisoners passes through a portion of sso. The landscaped grounds River, you may catch a York State) because it was who also quarried and cut the Rockefeller State Park. The include a formal garden and the Clearwater, a near New York City and had stone. After a new cell block bulk of the park includes ap- sculpture park. tall ship designed to a rich marble quarry located was built in 1943, the old one single-mast Hudson near the river. was abandoned. Before rail ser- A sloop was the In 1845, a portion of the vice was established, inmates river in the 18th and 19 northern part of the Town of were sent to Sing Sing from that hauled bricks, hay Mount Pleasant was estab- New York City by steamboat goods between lished as a new township. or horse drawn vehicle. Today, Originated by folk On the advice of a Native the phrase “up the river” is a Beacon resident Pete Seeger American authority, this new popular American expression Clearwater was built town was named Ossinsing, meaning “sent to prison,” and a time when a different form of Sing Sing. refers to the journey convicted sewage was choking However, the next year the criminals made up the Hud- river. The Clearwater name was shortened to Os- son River from New York City and down the Hudson sining, which was easier to to Sing Sing. The term “big children and adults, pronounce. In 1901, the name house” (referring to a prison) ports along the way of the Village of Sing Sing was also originated here. awareness of the also changed to “Ossining,” ecosystem and the to avoid confusing goods KYKUIT in Pocantico Hills. effects of pollution. made in the village with pris- Clearwater was John D. Rockefeller Sr. built Kykuit on-made products. in the early 1900s as his private tional Register of home. The six-story stone house for its historic role in the overlooking the Hudson is open to mental movement. the public.

24 | WINDOWS ON HISTO New York By Rail windows on history | 25 n r i g h t o n l e f t ] photo © matthias wasserman/istockphoto photo © matthias The Tappan Zee Bridge (and The Lighthouse at Sleepy Hollow)

Sl e e p y Ho l l o w res and includes This is the land that inspired This is the land that in- parks and eight spired some of the greatest tes that are all open some of the greatest legends in literature. legends in literature. Washing- ic. ton Irving, whose home Sun- Lyndhurst (right) nyside is on the riverbank in Po w e r St a t i o n One of the country’s finest Gothic nearby Tarrytown, used the oo d Revival mansions, Lyndhurst, was village as the setting for his rth of Yonkers, the designed by AJ Davis, and was story of Ichabod Crane and the tall smoke- the country home of railroad and the headless horseman en- massive brick build- Western Union tycoon Jay Gould, titled “The Legend of Sleepy Yonkers Power Sta- its third owner. The towers and Hollow.” Many of the land- t in 1902 to provide turrets of this stone structure are marks and figures mentioned wer for the New surrounded by beautifully land- in the story actually exist, Railroad tracks, scaped grounds that overlook the including the famous bridge, a safe alternative Hudson River. Today, the National the Old Dutch Church, and conditions Trust for Historic Preservation of- the Von Tassel family. Prior steam engines. The fers tours of the mansion and its to 1997, the Village of Sleepy was abandoned grounds. Hollow was actually known as in favor of more “North Tarrytown.” The name wer sources.

avey LLC C harles D avey photo BY S teve T urner, courtesy was changed to reflect the Vil- lage’s literary history. so n Ri v e r Philipsburg Manor (left) Just inland from Kingsland Point Li g h t ho u s e a t Sl e e p y rth of the Yonkers is Philipsburg Manor Upper Mills. Ho l l o w is a cultural com- This farm manor was originally As you pass through the d on the Hudson owned by the Philipse family in Village of Sleepy Hollow, that features art the 17th and 18th centuries. To- you will pass through King- nature ex- day, the complex operates as it sland Point Park and notice ational centers and did 300 years ago, offering the a lighthouse. This five-story Glenview Man- public an opportunity to see heir- structure was built in 1883 in 1876 for promi- loom plants and animals, a work- and is the only Caisson-style York City financier ing gristmill, and colonial-era lighthouse on the river. The or, is an integral part cooking techniques. lighthouse was manned by An excellent exam- a keeper and his family un- Victorian style archi- til 1957 when the lighthouse Mansion is was automated. After it was the City of Yonkers decommissioned in 1961, the en restored to serve lighthouse was on the brink

26 | WINDOWS ON HISTORY Amtrak.com n history | 27 So u t h b o u n d : 19 min. from Croton Station • o n r i g h t So u t h b o u n d : 20 min. from Croton Station • o n r i g h t [ No r t h b o u n d : 2 min. from Yonkers Station • o n l e f t ] [ No r t h b o u n d : 1 min. from Yonkers Station • o n l e f t ] photo © ken griffith/bigstockphoto The Tappan Zee Bridge The Palisades Yonkers Power Station at Glenwood

of demolition until local resi- Su n n y s i d e vasion came to Camp Shanks 100,000 acres and includes This is the dents and organizations lob- Washington Irving’s coun- for processing before head- over 24 state parks and eight bied for its preservation. Since try home by the river is visible ing out. Today, Camp Shanks historic sites that are all open 1969, the lighthouse has been from the train which travels (known as “Last Stop USA”) to the public. managed by the Westchester through its riverfront yard. has an interpretive museum County Depart-ment of Parks, Sunnyside is a small “cottage” that is open to the public. yOnkerS POwer StAtiOn Lyndhurst (right) Recreation and Conservation, built around an original Dutch Piermont Marsh stretches At glenwOOd One of the country’s which period-ically offers stone farmhouse. Irving, who for two miles south of this pier Just north of Yonkers, the Revival mansions, Lyndhurst, tours for the public. bought the house in 1835, and is now part of the Hudson train passes the tall smoke- designed by AJ remodeled the original farm- River Estuarine Research Re- stacks and massive brick build- the country home of TARRYTOWN house in a variety of styles and serve. The Sparkill Gap, which ings of the Yonkers Power Sta- Western Union British spy Major John An- created picturesque gardens runs alongside of the pier, is tion. Built in 1902 to provide its third owner. The dre was captured here by facing the Hudson River. Sun- the only sea level gap in the electric power for the New turrets of this stone local men as he tried to return nyside is owned and operated Palisades Mountain Ridge. Im- York Central Railroad tracks, to New York City after recei- surrounded by by Historic Hudson Valley and mediately to the south of Pier- it provided a safe alternative ving the plans to West Point scaped grounds that overlook offers the public the opportu- mont across the Hudson River, to the dangerous conditions from Benedict Arnold. Cap- Hudson River. Today, nity to stroll the grounds and the shoreline becomes part of caused by steam engines. The tors' Monument in Patriots' Trust for Historic enjoy Irving’s original furnish- the New Jersey Palisades. Power Station was abandoned Park commemorates the event. fers tours of the ings located inside the home. in the 1960s in favor of more grounds. TAPPAN ZEE BRIDGE Th e Pa l i sa d e s efficient power sources. A new Tappan Zee Bridge Across the Hudson River Although the Palisades are is the Village of Piermont. visible all along this portion is under construction and THE HudSOn riVer scheduled to be completed in In the 1820s, a mile-long pier of your trip, the view from muSeum was built out into the Hudson Greystone Station just north 2019. The original was built Just north of the Yonkers River to serve as a steam- of Yonkers is fantastic. This in 1955 to carry the NY State train station is a cultural boat landing. The pier was dramatic 550-foot high stretch Thruway over the river, the complex focused on the Hud- later used to serve passengers of rocky cliffs extends for 30 bridge is just over 3 miles son River Valley that features long, one of the longest from the Erie Railroad. Dur- miles along the west side of art galleries, science and bridges in the country. The ing WWII, this pier was the the Hudson River between nature exhibits, educational name is derived from the major embarkation point for Bergen County, New Jersey centers and a planetarium. Native American and Dutch US troops heading to Europe. and Nyack, New York. In the Glenview Man-sion, built in traditions. In pre-colonial Troops would first spend time late 1800s, the Palisades were 1876 for prominent New York days, the Tappan tribe of at Camp Shanks in the near- threatened by development City financier John Trevor, is Native Americans inhabited by Town of Orangetown. The and extensive quarrying. an integral part of the site. An the area. Later, the Dutch Camp was the largest WWII However, in 1900 the Pali- excellent exam-ple of late called the Hudson River a army embarkation point, pro- sades Interstate Park Com- Victorian style architecture, "zee," meaning wide expanse cessing 1.3 million troops. Ap- mission was formed to pre- Glenview Man-sion is owned of water. This section of the proximately 75% of those who serve the Palisades. Today, the by the City of Yonkers and river is still noted on federal participated in the D-Day in- Palisades Park encompasses has been re-stored to serve as navigation charts as Tappan an historic house museum. Zee. 26 | WINDOWS ON HISTO New York By Rail windows on history | 27 Great 3 ADIRONDACK P ARK 9 Sacandaga 30 Lake 87 Victory l 29 n Kil SARATOGA 29 atte SPRINGS B 22 4 9 32 e k a Cambridge L a g Ballston o t

Spa a Saratoga r

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Station e o Baird

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N r Bardavon 1869 Grove Red Oaks U Mill Opera House 55 55 VISITING Monticello O 209 9 87 9W ] M Views in this section shift from vistas k CONN. e 17 Marlboro re Philipse Manor Hall 376 C State Historic Site of the rivers, marshes and hills to dense K Gomez Wappingers Fishkill Mill House Falls Warburton Ave & Dock Street N New Milford Yonkers, NY cityscapes that form the largest city in Wurtsboro 9D U 52 Pawling 914-965-4027 r Mount e nysparks.com iv Orange Gulian H G R 32 o the Nation. ll Lake 52 Squantz u ki Fishkill s all a Federal Hall W 84 Pond t N 17 o Montgomery n Ap p r o x . 31 m i n u t e s Madam Brett i 26 Wall Street BEACON 7 c A Basher Homestead/ 52 R Dutch Reformed Church NEWBURGH r 202 iv New York, NY Kill e Dia:Beacon e

v r Washington's i

212-825-6990 W R 9 Headquarters 9D Clarence Lake Brookfield 84 n nps.gov/feha New Windsor o Fahnestock Lake Candlewood A New s Memorial Cantonment Windsor d Carmel 22 Cloisters u State Park H Knox's Headquarters H Hudson 84 Fort Tryon Park Highlands 301 Museum of the State Park 301 New York, NY S r Middletown Hill-Hold Hudson Highlands e 87 Storm King Carmel v Museum 6 25 212-923-3700 209 i Washingtonville Cold Spring R 84 k th State metmuseum.org/visit/met-cloisters in g Pa Storm East Branch rs n 9W Foundry School ve o in King Park Reservoir DANBURY Columbia University’s Lamont- e 84 6 Goshen L ta Museum Brewster N n Mountainville Art Center 97 ou Doherty Earth Observatory Port Jervis Harness Racing M Garrison 6 94 nk WEST POINT Boscobel 22 845-359-2900 Museum and u U.S. Military Mahopac Bethel em Southeast Hall of Fame Chester nn s Academy 6 ldeo.columbia.edu ONKERS TO hu d Hudson 684 Museum Y Gillander c & Museum S n Highlands Glass Factory 13 6 17 a The Little Red / Jeffrey’s Hook l Fort Montgomery State Park and Museum 202 h Battle Site Manitoga Lighthouse g 32 Monroe i 22 H 6 6 of the river and 178th Street & Hudson River Yorktown n Katonah New York, NY Clove Bear Peekskill 202 of New Nether- 94 o Museum of Art/ Ridgefield s Furnace Mountain Franklin D. 35 Caramoor 212-304-2365 ENN TATION d the British took P S State 35 Roosevelt nycgovparks.org u Park H Stony Point State Park the Dutch in John Jay 7 9 Katonah Homestead Battery Park Conservancy d s Lake Battlefield NewAmsterdam Croton was n Tiorati Stony Reservoir 1 New York Plaza l a 17A STERLING Van Cortlandt l l h Point i l Warwick ManorNew York in honor ra i g New York, NY k Croton-on- T l i l H P 22 Pound

a Hudson a Duke of York. 212-344-3491 FOREST l Ridge

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h Sterling Lake a Haverstraw Croton-Harmon w Mount thebattery.org c d

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p s a 684 p STATE P 15 Castle Clinton National Monument A at Wallr Street in STATE PARK I Jacob e 202 n v t i Battery Park e Blauvelt Ossining R r as thel site of the s il PARK t NEW JERSEY a House

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e New City RocklandLake Statesw Congress, 212-344-7220 Lake a P S a Edward State Park Rockefeller r inaugura- NORWALK nps.gov/cacl k Hopper State Park w a House and Preserve Historic Richmond Town Spring y Washington, Valley Museum Philipsburg Suffern 87 15 441 Clarke Avenue 287 Manorof the Bill of Staten Island, NY KykuitYork City served STAMFORD NYACK Neuberger 95 718-351-1611 Nanuet TARRYTOWNof our new nation Museum of Art/ historicrichmondtown.org 287 87 Lyndhurst Kendall Pearl 9W 287 when the capital Sculpture Gardens River Sunnyside Piermont 287

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o State w Lake r U k Park B r WHITE O a n P r S PLAINS 287 e e t iv a D t R 208 S n N so 202 hin A National Heritage Area tc ay RYE L North u kw H ar S boundary 287 P I G Appalachian Trail N 95 O L Long Path 202 PATERSON St. Paul's Church NEW ROCHELLE

80 Huntington 01 5 10 Kilometers 46 Glen Cove Oyster Bay Huntington 01 5 10 Miles 95 Station Yo n k e r s St a t i o n 202 280 Caldwell Port Syosset Washington Woodbury This is the third station to be built on this location. The station you see today was built in 1911 and restored in 2004. The Beaux Arts style station was designed by Warren and Wetmore, the same architects who designed Grand Central Terminal. The interior features decorative brickwork and terracotta shields. Yonkers is the fourth largest city in New York and gets its name from its earliest Dutch settler, Adriaen van der Donck, known locally as the Adriaen van der Donck, Jonkheer, or “young gentleman.” In 1645, Van der Donck was grant- earliest Dutch settler of the ed 24,000 acres by the New Netherland Director-General and built a area now known as Yonkers.

28 | WINDOWS ON HISTORY Amtrak.com n history | 29 Great 3 ADIRONDACK P ARK 9 Sacandaga 30 Lake 87 Victory l 29 n Kil SARATOGA 29 atte SPRINGS B 22 4 9 32 e k a Cambridge L a g Ballston o t

Spa a Saratoga r

a National S Historical Park R sic iver oo Bennington 4 H Battlefield Round 67 Lake

Mechanicville O

l 9 d C

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p w

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C k r Taghkanic s

a u State Park P 7 p Phoenicia e o Clermont

NEW PALTZ a k 115 Dover 7 ee w r S Huguenot u Pleasant Plains C 299 r t Street h Valley u N T 82 Kent o e T d t POUGHKEEPSIE MINNEWASKA e n I a o t n R S Poughkeepsie James m STATE PARK k A i r l

Station e o Baird

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N r Bardavon 1869 Grove Red Oaks U Mill SoOpera u t h b o uHouse n d : 6 min. to crossing from Yonkers Station55 55 VISITING Monticello saw mill on what was then O town by building over the 209 No r t h b o u n d : 13 min. 9to crossing from Penn Station [ 87 9W ] called the Nepperhan River.M Saw Mill River, the manor Philipse Manor Hall k CONN. e This river17 eventually became had an enviable position with Marlboro re State Historic Site 376 C Warburton known as the “Saw MillK Riv- views of both the Hudson and Gomez Wappingers Fishkill Yonkers, Mill House Falls er.” The area Van derN Donck Saw Mill rivers. Later genera- New Milford (914) 965-4027 established was eventuallyWurtsboro tions of the Philipse family 9D U 52 Pawling r Mount acquired by the Philipse fam- enlarged the manor, whiche iv Orange Gulian H Federal Hall G R 32 52 o ill Lake Squantz u ily in the late 17th century. remained in the familyk until Fishkill s 26 Wall Street all a W 84 Pond t N 17 o Montgomery n New York, NY Yonkers was an agricultural just after the Revolutionary Madam Brett i BEACON 7 c A Basher Homestead/ 52 R (212) 825-6888 community for the next two War. The New York DutchState Leg-Reformed Church NEWBURGH r 202 iv Kill e Dia:Beacon e

v r nps.gov/feha th Washington's i

W R 9 centuries but by the 19 cen- islature confiscated the Headquartersprop- 9D Clarence Lake Brookfield 84 n New Windsor o Fahnestock Lake Candlewood tury YonkersA had become an erty because of the Loyalist New s Memorial Cloisters Cantonment Windsor d Carmel 22 u State Park Fort Tryon Park industrialH community. It was leanings of FrederickKnox's Philipse Headquarters H Hudson 84 Highlands 301 New York, NY here that the Otis Elevator III, one of over 200 colonialMuseum of the State Park 301 S r Middletown Hill-Hold Hudson Highlands e 87 Storm King Carmel v Museum 6 25 Company209 i produced the first New Yorkers who signedWashingtonville the Cold Spring R 84 k th State safe i passengern elevator, and Declaration of DependencePa Storm East Branch rs ng Foundry School e o n Park 9W Reservoir DANBURY v 6 L i King latere Bakelite was invented84 as swearing Goshen loyalty to King ta Museum Brewster Columbia University’ N n Mountainville Art Center 97 ou Port Jervisthe first completely syntheticHarness George Racing III. M Garrison 6 94 nk WEST POINT Boscobel 22 Museum and u U.S. Military Mahopac Bethel plastic. em Southeast Hall of Fame Chester nn s Academy 6 hu d Hudson 684 Museum Gillander Sc & Museum Yonkers has undertaken Sp u y t e n Du13 y v i l Spuytenn Duyvil Swing BridgeHighlands Glass Factory 6 17 a Fort Montgomery State Park and Museum l 202 massive waterfront revital- Sw i n g Br i d g e h Battle Site Manitoga The Little Red / Jeffrey’s Hook g 32 Monroe i 22 Lighthouse ization along their four and a South of Yonkers, the train H Peter Minuit,6 a director- had6 control of the river and Yorktown 178th Street & Hudson River half miles of riverfront, help- enters the City of New York, n generalClove of the Dutch BearWest In-Peekskillthe colony202 of New Nether- Katonah 94 o Museum of Art/ Ridgefield New York, NY s Furnace Mountain Franklin D. 35 Caramoor ing to highlight important (borough of the Bronx) at Rivd - dia Company, purchased State the land. When the British took 35 (212) 304-2365 u Park Roosevelt nycgovparks.org community resources such as erdale and crosses over theH island of ManhattanStony Point from the controlState Park from the Dutch in John Jay 7 9 Katonah Homestead the only turn-of-the-century d s Spuyten Duyvil Creek to Man- Lenape Lake NativeBattlefield Americans in 1664, New New Amsterdam Croton was n Tiorati Stony Reservoir l a 17A STERLING Van Cortlandt l l h Point Battery Park Conservancy i Victorian Pierl still in use on hattanWarwick Island on the Spuyten 1626 for approximately $24. renamedManor New York in honor ra i g k Croton-on- T l i 1 New York Plaza l H P 22 Pound

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(212) 344-3491 p s a 684 p STATE P 15 A of the Palisades and New tion to allow passage for ships. fur trading post built by the Federal Hall at Wallr Street in thebattery.org STATE PARK I Jacob e 202 n v t i e Blauvelt Ossining R York City’s skyline, riverside Until 1991, this was the point Dutch at the southernr tip of Manhattan was thel site of the s il PARK t NEW JERSEY a House Greenwood M

Castle Clinton National t restaurants and several public at which all passenger trains Manhattan. The e areaNew City soon first United w States Congress, Lake RocklandLake a P S Monument a Edward State Park Rockefeller parks and museums. turned east to follow the Har- became known as r New Am- the presidential inaugura- NORWALK k Hopper State Park Battery Park w a House and Preserve lem River and terminate at sterdam. WithSpring Forty Orange tion of George Washington, New York, NY Valley Museum Philipsburg h i l i p s e a n o r a l l t a t e Suffern 87 15 (212) 344-7220 P M H S Grand Central, while only (now Albany)287 at the northern and the passageManor of the Bill of nps.gov/cacl Hi s to r i c Si t e is located two freight trains continued south end of the navigable Hudson Rights. NewKykuit York City served STAMFORD NYACK Neuberger 95 blocks east of the station along the Hudson. The name (then called Nanuet the North Riv- as capitalTARRYTOWN of our new nation Museum of Art/ 287 87 Kendall Historic Richmond Town 287 Lyndhurst and was built in 1682 at the “Spuyten Duyvil” comes from er) and Fort AmsterdamPearl at 9W until 1790, when the capital Sculpture Gardens 441 Clarke Avenue River Sunnyside juncture of the Hudson and the Dutch and has several pop- its southern end, the Dutch Piermontwas moved to Philadelphia.287

Staten Island, NY Tallman GREENWICH D

k y a N (718) 351-1611 Saw Mill (Nepperhan) rivers ular translations. Some trans- Mountain o o State w Lake r U k Park B r WHITE O historicrichmondtown.org Tappan a by Frederick Philipse, a local late the name as “Devil’s whirl- y n i a P r S PLAINS 287 DeWint a e w r e t v k p i House a carpenter and trader. During pool,” referring to turbulence r D 87 S t R 208 a S n N

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s a N G Appalachian Trail t n s YONKERS 95 PARAMUS e Yonkers. Before the City of Dutchman vows to swim the r O

k r e A c t e Philipse 87 L 208 a v n 20 i I Yonkers expanded its down- creek “to spite the Devil.” H 202 R Manor S Long Path PATERSON 4 MT. VERNON St. Paul's Church Hall s I HACKENSACK e NEW ROCHELLE Englewood d a s i L 80 l a P Huntington 80 46 A 01 5 10 Kilometers 46 95 Glen Cove Oyster P 87 Bay Huntington 01 5 10 Miles 95 Station Passaic 678 202 280 Caldwell 9A 295 Port Syosset 3 Washington Woodbury

Penn Station

Philipse Manor Hall State Historic Site

28 | WINDOWS ON HISTO New York By Rail windows on history | 29 So u t h b o u n d : 10 min. from Yonkers Station • o n r i g h t o n r i g h t [ No r t h b o u n d : 10 min. from Penn Station • o n l e f t ] n l e f t ] photo © Russell McB r ide/istockphoto

George Washington Bridge

stitute was one of the centers in 1880 at Sandy Hook, New Senator Moyni- RIVERSIDE PARK for research that led to the Jersey and was relocated to The continuous strip of m of remodeling the development of the theory of its current location in 1921. parkland you see next to the US Post Of- Plate Tectonics. The campus The lighthouse became a lit- train is named Riverside Park trak’s magnificent currently houses the Inter- erary landmark in 1942 when and was developed in the late n continues to be in national Research Institute it was popularized in the 1870s. Joggers and walkers stages. for Climate and Society, and children’s book, “The Little are a frequent sight along this p a l o n g t h e Hu d s o n the Center for International Red Lighthouse and the Great section of the track until the n n St a t i o n , but the Earth Science Information Grey Bridge.” When the light- train goes under the park inues through the Network. house was decommissioned through the Riverside Park between Brooklyn in 1947 and proposed for re- Tunnel, also called “Freedom” Island and then into Ge o r g e Wa s h i n g t o n moval, the popularity of the Tunnel and Mole Tunnel. Ocean. Br i d g e children’s book led to a pub- Before the tunnel was con- rly history of New The George Washington lic outcry which resulted in structed, the train tracks and New York State Bridge connects Manhattan the preservation of the light- separated the Upper West Side d and interpreted at with Fort Lee, New Jersey and house. Today it is owned by of Manhattan from the in lower Manhat- At t h e n o r t h e r n t i p o f was once the longest suspen- the City of New York and is Hudson. In the 1930s, city Island. These Ma n h a t t a n , the train passes sion span bridge in the world. open for public tours from planner Robert Moses Park, Castle through the city’s Fort Tryon Built between 1927 and 1931, spring through fall. designed a tunnel to cover the Monument Park. High on a bluff out of the original design called for As the train travels under tracks. The shafts of light you ic Richmond Town view is a branch of the Metro- concrete and granite towers. the bridge, the sheer rock can see mark ventilation ducts politan Museum of Art, called However, aesthetic critiques walls are just an arm’s length set in the pedestrian plaza The Cloisters. The Cloisters and the onset of the Great from the train. In total, ap- above. Long after construction, is open to the public and is Depression caused designers proximately two million cubic freight service was abandoned as trucking started taking over home to the Museum’s collec- to favor the bare steel tow- yards of stone were excavated the city’s transportation needs. tion of art and architecture of ers you see today. A second to create this rail route from The tunnel soon became medieval Europe. Also locat- level was added to the bridge Albany to Manhattan. home to squatters (called Mole ed in Fort Tryon Park are the in 1962 making it the only People) and graffiti artists. remnants of Fort Washington two-level bridge to cross the n t e r i n g a n h a t t a n E M Elaborate graffiti that still and other Revolutionary War Hudson and the world’s only As you look out your win- exists in the tunnel today is military posts. 14-lane suspension bridge. dow, the New York City sky- considered by many to be part line is not yet visible. The first of a larger genre of “graffiti As y o u l o o k a c r o s s t h e Li t t l e Re d Li g h t h o u s e tall buildings you see from art.” In 1991, Amtrak resumed r i v e r , you can see Colum- The Little Red (or Jeffrey’s the train along the western use of the tunnel when their bia University’s Lamont- Hook) Lighthouse, is at the shore of the Hudson River are passenger service switched Doherty Earth Observatory. foot of the Manhattan-side located in the City of Engle- from Grand Central Terminal Established in 1949 with a fo- tower for the George Wash- wood and the Borough of Fort to Pennsylva-nia (“Penn”) cus on earth science, this in- ington Bridge. It was erected Lee in New Jersey. Station.

30 | WINDOWS ON HISTORY Amtrak.com n history | 31 So u t h b o u n d : So u t h b o u n d : 11 min. from Yonkers Station • o n r i g h t So u t h b o u n d : 13 min. from Yonkers Station • o n r i g h t [ No r t h b o u n [ No r t h b o u n d : 10 min. from Penn Station • o n l e f t ] [ No r t h b o u n d : 8 min. from Penn Station • o n l e f t ] photo © Russell McB r ide/istockphoto y es/istockphoto photo © Je nn ife r P icquet-Re

George Washington Bridge Little Red Lighthouse Riverside Park

PENN STATION enn Station was once considered one of the most Moynihan dreamed. As the train arrives in Penn Beneath a massive, one-acre Station, you should note that Pmagnificent public buildings in the world. glass skylight, Penn Station is its appearance today is far from set to under-go a substantial the grandeur that once existed As public enthusiasm for laws and a rallying cry for arch- renovation and expansion—in at this site. The original Penn- train travel declined, an at- tectural preservation through- order to be re-born as the sylvania Station was completed tempt to modernize the station out the country. While little of Pennsylvania Station / Farley in 1910 for the Pennsylvania resulted in the sale of the “air” the original station remains, Complex by December 2020. Railroad, one of the competing rights (or, in this case, the right two stone eagles are visible OUR TRIP ALONG THE rail lines to Vanderbilt’s rail- to develop everything above outside the station's current HUDSON ENDS AT PENN road empire. the street) to make way for entrance on Seventh Avenue. STATION, but the river contin- The Beaux Arts style station Madison Square Garden. While Additionally, many of the thick ues through the Narrows was designed by McKim, Mead, the underground platforms brass handrails you use as you between Brooklyn and Staten and White and was considered and tracks were left alone to go between the platform and Island and then into the one of the most magnificent serve intercity express travel the station are from the origin- Atlantic Ocean. public buildings in the world. and the commuter lines of al 1910 structure. The early history of New Inside, the station featured a Long Island Rail Road and New In September 2016, New York City and New York State 277-foot-long glass-roofed wait- Jersey Tran-sit, the remainder of York Gov. Andrew Cuomo is preserved and interpreted at At t h e n o r t h e r ing room inspired by the the station was torn down in revealed a fast-track plan to several sites in lower Manhat- Ma n h a t t a n , the train Roman Baths of Caracalla. 1963. create a state-of-the-art train tan and Staten Island. These through the city’s Fort Outside, Doric columns decor- The demolition prompted hall and retail space in the include Battery Park, Castle Park. High on a ated the station's façade and 22 such public outrage that it James A. Farley Building, also Clinton National Monument view is a branch of the carved stone eagles nested near became the catalyst for the city’s known as the landmark U.S. and Historic Richmond Town politan Museum of Art, the roof. first architectural preservation Post Office, as the late Senator on Staten Island. The Cloisters. Penn station, circa 1914, soon after completion (left) and in 1962, shortly before being torn down (right). is open to the home to the Museum’ tion of art and architectur medieval Europe. ed in Fort Tryon Park remnants of Fort Washington and other Revolutionary military posts.

As y o u l o o k a c r i v e r , you can bia University’s Doherty Earth Established in 1949 with cus on earth

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32 | WINDOWS ON HISTORY Amtrak.com