J Biodivers Syst 02(3): 367–372 ISSN: 2423-8112

JOURNAL OF INSECT BIODIVERSITY AND SYSTEMATICS

Research Article http://jibs.modares.ac.ir http://zoobank.org/References/0922776B-677C-4932-8EF7-8E6AEE4D0D89

On the fauna of marsh (Diptera: ) in northwestern of Iran with first record of the genus Limnia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 for the country

Samad Khaghaninia*, Yaser Gharajedaghi and Ehsan Hamed

University of Tabriz, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, Tabriz, Iran, P.O. Box: 51664.

Received: ABSTRACT. We studied the fauna of marsh flies (Diptera: Sciomyzidae) in 07 October 2016 northwest of Iran between 2012 and 2015. A total of eight sciomyzid species

Accepted: have been identified, of which Limnia unguicornis (Scopoli, 1763) is recorded 30 October 2016 for the first time from Iran. Notes on the biology and diagnostic characters of

Published: L. unguicornis are presented. 30 October 2016 Key words: Limnia, New record, Northern west of Iran, Sciomyzidae. Subject Editor: Farzaneh Kazerani

Citation: Khaghaninia, S., Gharajedaghi, Y. and Hamed, E. 2016. On the fauna of marsh flies (Diptera: Sciomyzidae) in northwestern of Iran with first record of the genus Limnia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 for the country. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics, 2 (3): 367–372.

Introduction Flies of the family Sciomyzidae, commonly Limnia has 17 known species in Nearctic known as snail-killing or marsh flies, with and 5 species in Palaearctic regions 550 described species in 63 genera has (Rozkošný 1984; Chapman 2008). Rozkošný worldwide distribution (Knutson and Vala (1984) stated that the species of the genus 2011; Vala et al. 2012). This family is divided Limnia can be malacophagous as young into three subfamilies: Huttonininae (2 larvae of L. unguicornis have been found genera), Salticellinae (1 genus Salticella) and feeding on dead snail tissues and mature Sciomyzinae (57 genera). Sciomyzinae is larvae act as predators of . comprised of two tribes; the Sciomyzini (12 This genus can be easily distinguished genera) and the Tetanocerini (45 genera). from other close genera of the family have various habitats, as all of the Sciomyzidae by the combination of the Sciomyzini and Salticellinae have terrestrial following characters: Two pairs of orbital larvae, whilst in 14 genera of Tetanocerinae setae; arista with short and whitish hairs; larvae are aquatic (Wagner et al. 2008; mesopleuron and pteropleuron with hairs Chapman 2008; Tothova et al. 2013). Genus only, prosternum haired or at least with 1

Corresponding author: Samad Khaghaninia, E-mail: [email protected] Copyright © 2016, Khaghaninia et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 368 First record of Limnia from Iran hair on each side, mesonotum with Tribe Tetanocerini longitudinal stripes; scutellum with 2 pairs 2. catenata (Loew, 1847) of setae; subalar setae present; wing with Material examined: 2♂♂, East Azerbaijan distinct reticular pattern. Province, Qaradagh, 38°51’N, 46°52’E, Prior to this study 19 species were known 1770 m a.s.l., 14.VI.2012 (forest habitat); from Iran (Tirgari and Massoud 1979; 2♂♂, 1♀; Horand, 38°59´N, 47°22´E, 1370 m Ayatollahi 1971; Knutson et al. 1973; Tirgari a.s.l., 14.VII.2013 (grassland habitat); 1♂, and Fathpoor 1974; Yano 1978; Tirgari and Qurigol, 37°54.975 N, 46°41',120 E, 1943 m Massoud 1979; Tirgari and Massoud 1981; a.s.l., 9.VII.2012 (lagoon habitat), Leg. S. Vala and Leclercq 1981; Rozkošný 1987; Khaghaninia. Motamedi et al. 2006; Mohammadzade Distribution: Palaearctic: From Germania Namin et al. 2015; Seddighi Sadr and to Poland. Sub-Mediterranean: France, Mohammadzade Namin 2016). Italy; Balkan region; Turkey; Israel, Syria. Transcaucasia, Iraq (Rozkošný and Elberg Material and methods 1984; Vala 1989). Previously cited in Iran by Rozkošný (1987). Specimens were collected by standard sweep-netting in various habitats (forest, 3. (Fabricius, 1775) grassland and semi-aquatic areas) in the Material examined: 5♀♀, East Azerbaijan northwest of Iran during 2012-2015. The Province, Chichakli, 38°39’N, 46°31’E, species have been identified using 2140 m a.s.l., 5.VIII.2013 (grassland (Rozkošný 1984; Vala 1989). The voucher habitat); 3♂♂, 2♀♀, Qaradagh, 38°51’N, specimens are deposited at the Collection of 46°52’E, 1770 m a.s.l., 14 June 2014 (forest Dr. H. Maleki Milani, University of Tabriz, habitat); 1♂, Horand, 38°59´N, 47°22´E, Iran (ICHMM). 1370 m a.s.l., 14.VI.2012 (grassland habitat); 3♂♂, 1♀, Qurigol, 37°54’N 46°42’E, Results 1920 m a.s.l., 8.VI.2012 (lagoon habitat), Totally 8 species have been collected and Leg. S. Khaghaninia. identified, among them Limnia unguicornis Distribution: Palaearctic: from Ireland to (Scopoli, 1763) is a new record for Iran. Spain, France, Turkey, and European parts of Russia; Georgia; Armenia, Azerbaidjan Subfamily Sciomyzinae (Rozkošný and Elberg 1984; Vala 1989), Tribe Sciomyzini Iran (Rozkošný 1987). 1. cinerella (Fallén, 1820) 4. Hydromya dorsalis (Fabricius, 1775) Material examined: 3♀♀, 1♂, East Azerbaijan Province, Kandovan, 37°46’N, 46°16’E, 2500 Material examined: 2♀♀, East Azerbaijan m a.s.l., 15.VII.2012 (moist grassland habitat), Province, Kandovan, 37°45 N, 46°18’E, Leg. S. Khaghaninia. 2840 m a.s.l., 20.V.2012 (moist grassland habitat); 3♂♂, 4♀♀, Qaradagh, 38°51’N, Distribution: Palaearctic: From Ireland and 46°52’E, 1770 m a.s.l., 14.VI.2013, (forest Fennoscandia to the round Mediterranean habitat), Leg. S. Khaghaninia. area; North Africa, eastern Russia; Armenia, Tadjikistan, and Afghanistan. Oriental region Distribution: Palaearctic: Europe: widely (Rozkošný and Elberg 1984; Vala 1989). distributed from Scandinavia to Spain and Previously cited in Iran by Rozkošný and the British Isles to Siberia. Reported in Elberg (1984). North Africa. Middle east, Afghanistan,

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Mongolia and further east in the Kuril Subfamily: Salticellinae Islands and Japan (Rozkošný and Elberg 8. Salticella fasciata Meigen, 1830 1984; Vala 1989), Iran (Rozkošný and Material examined: 2♂♂, East Azerbaijan Elberg 1984). Province, Chichakli, 38°39’N, 46°31’E, 2140

m a.s.l., 20.VII.2015, (forest habitat), Leg. 5. Limnia unguicornis (Scopoli, 1763) S. Khaghaninia. Material examined: 3♂♂, 2♀♀, East Distribution: Widely distribution in the Azerbaijan Province, Qaradagh, 38°51’N, western Palaearctic, southern and central 46°52’E, 1770 m a.s.l., 14.VI.2012, (forest Europe, from Ireland in the west to Iran in habitat); 1♂, 1♀, Jolfa, 38°48 N, 45°43’E, the east, and from the Netherlands in the 1360 m a.s.l., 20.VI.2013 (grassland north to Northern Africa in the south habitat); 1♂, 3♀♀, Qurigol, 37°54.975 N, (Rozkošný and Elberg 1984; Vala 1989). 46°41',120 E, 1943 m a.s.l., 9.VI.2012 (lagoon habitat), Leg. S. Khaghaninia. Discussion Distribution: Eurasian (Rozkošný and Elberg 1984; Vala 1989), New record for In this study Limnia unguicornis is Iran. collected from various habitats that indicated, this species can have a wide Diagnostic characters: Antenna yellow, host range and it is active mostly between arista with short and whitish hairs (Fig. 2); Jun-July in northern west of Iran that may wing pattern like in (Fig. 1); median strip be related to low temperature in other on mesonotum yellow bordered by a months in this region. Vala and Knutson narrow black strips on each side (Fig. 3); (1990) described the egg, the three larval anterior process of hypanderium finger stages and the puparium of L. unguicornis. like, surstylus triangular, inner side of They explained] life cycle and emphasized surstylus erected (Fig. 4). on the long pre-oviposition period, about 100 days; the puparium formed outside of 6. sphegea (Fabricius, 1775) the prey is the overwinter stage. The Material examined: 3♂♂, East Azerbaijan success laboratory rearing were only with Province, Chichakli, 38°39’N, 46°31’E, the terrestrial Lauria cylindracea and the 2140 m a.s.l., 12.VII.2015 (forest habitat), hygrophilous Succinea elegans. In addition, Leg. S. Khaghaninia. neonate slugs [Deroceras reticulatum] Distribution: All Palearctic Region, until allowed a complete larval development. Japan (Rozkošný and Elberg 1984; Vala The species is univoltine. 1989), Iran (Knutson et al. 1973). This is second observation of S. fasciata in Iran. Mortelmans (2015) stated that 7. Sepedon spinipes (Scopoli, 1763) adult of S. fasciata feed primarily on Material examined: 2♂♂, East Azerbaijan Moribund snails and almost all western Province, Chichakli, 38°39’N, 46°31’E, European records of S. fasciata are from 2140 m a.s.l. 15.VII.2015, (forest habitat), coastal locations. In southern France Leg. S. Khaghaninia. adults of S. fasciata are active from Distribution. Widely distributed in the September to June (Coupland et al. 1994). Palaearctic Region, North Africa, In this study, we collected this species Mediterranean islands, Turkey, Siberia, from Arasbaran forests in May, so these Armenia (Rozkošný and Elberg 1984; Vala results show that this species is also active 1989), Iran (Knutson et al. 1973). in forests.

370 First record of Limnia from Iran

Figure 1-4: Limnia unguicornis (Scopoli, 1763); 1. Male habitus (lateral view, 2. Head and antenna (lateral view), 3. Mesonotum (upper view); 4. Epandrium and surstylus (caudal view).

These results show that fauna of marsh Chapman, E. 2008. Bayesian Phylogenetics of flies is rich in northern west of Iran, So Snail-Killing Flies (Diptera: Sciomyzidae) and Freshwater Mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae): further studies are needed in order to Implications of Parallel Evolution, Feeding clarifying host range and distribution of Group Structure and Molecular Evolution. the species in northern west and other PhD Dissertation, Kent State University, parts of country. Ohio, United States, 202 pp. Coupland J.B., Espiauand, A. and Baker, G. Acknowledgments 1994. Seasonality, longevity, host choice, and infection efficiency of Salticella fasciata We would like to thank Dr. Jean-Claude (Diptera: Sciomyzidae), a candidate for the Vala (University of Orleans, UFR sciences, biological control of pest helicid snails. Orleans, France) for his kind help in Biological Control, 4: 32–37. confirmation of identified species. Knutson, L.V., Shagudianand, E.R. and Sahba, G. H. 1973. Notes on the biology of certain References snail-killing flies (Sciomyzidae) from Khuzestan (Iran). Iranian Journal of Public Ayatollahi, M. 1971. Importance of the study of Health, 2(3): 145–155. Diptera and their role in biological control. Knutson, L.V. and Vala, J.C. 2011. Biology of Journal of Applied Entomology and Snail-Killing Sciomyzidae Flies. Cambridge Phytopathology, 31: 20–28. (in Persian). University Press, England, 506 pp.

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Mohammadzade Namin, S., Razmjoo, F. and (Diptera: Sciomyzidae). Fifth Plant Medicine Madjdzadeh, S.M. 2015. The first record of Congress of Iran, Tabriz, 120–122pp. Euthycera hrabei Rozkošný, 1969 (Diptera: Tirgari, S. and Massoud, J. 1979. Improvement Sciomyzidae) from Iran. Ukrainska in laboratory rearing of immature stages of Entomofaunistyka, 6(3): 22. snail-killing (Fabricius) Mortelmans, J. 2015. The snail-killing fly and their survival (Insecta, Diptera, Salticella fasciata new for the Netherlands, Sciomyzidae). Iranian Journal of Public Health, with an update of Belgian records (Diptera: 7 (4): 164–174, 213–214. (In Persian) Sciomyzidae). Nederlandse Faunistische Tirgari, S. and Massoud, J. 1981. Study on the Mededelingen, 44: 29–36. biology of snail-killing flies and prospect of Mortelmans, J., Volckaert, D., Kazerani, F., biological control of aquatic snails Sepedonsphegea Mohammadzadeh Namin, S. and Talebi, (Fabricius) (Insecta, Diptera, Sciomyzidae). School A.A. 2016. New records of snail-killing flies of Public Health and Institute of Public Health (Diptera: Sciomyzidae) from Iran. Bulletin de Researches - Tehran University of Medical la Sociétéroyalebelged’ Entomologie/ Bulletin Sciences, 66pp (In Persian). van de Koninklijke Belgische Verenigingvoor Vala, J.C. 1989. Diptères Sciomyzidae Entomologie, 152 (2): 133–140. Euro-méditerranéens. Faune de France. France Motamedi, G.R., Dalimi, A.H., Akhavizadegan, et Régions limitrophes. N°72. Fédération M.A., Pilehchian Langrood, R., Abdigoudarzi, Française de la Société des Sciences M. and Mohammadi, M. 2006. The biological Naturelles, Paris, 300 pp. effect of Sepedon (Diptera: Sciomyzidae) fly Vala, J.C. and Leclercq, M. 1981. Taxonomie et larvae living on Lymnea snails. Iranian répartition géographique des espèces du Journal of Veterinary Research, 7(1): 62–65. genre Coremacera Rondani, 1856, Sciomyzidae Rozkošný, R. 1984. The Sciomyzidae (Diptera) of (Diptera) paléarctiques. Bulletin de l’institInst Fennoscandia and Denmark. Fauna Entomologica royal de Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, 53 Scandinavica. Scandinavian science press (10): 1–13. Ltd, Klampenborg, Denmark. 224 pp. Vala, J.C., Murphy, W.L., Knutson, L. and Rozkošný, R. 1987. A review of the Palaearctic Rozkošný, R. 2012. A cornucopia for Sciomyzidae (Diptera). Folia Facultatis Sciomyzidae (Diptera). Studia dipterologica, Scientiarum Naturalis Universitatis Purkyniae 19(1/2): 67–137. Brunensis, Biologia, 86: 100 pp. Vala, J.C. and Knutson, L. 1990. Stades immatures Rozkošný, R. and Elberg, K. 1984. Family et biologie de Limnia unguicornis (Scopoli), Sciomyzidae (Tetanoceridae). pp: 167–193. Diptère Sciomyzidae prédateur de In: Soos, Á. and Papp, L. (eds): Catalogue of mollusques. Annales de la Société entomologique Palaearctic Diptera. Vol. 9. Akadémiai Kiadó, de France (Nouvelle Série), 26(3): 443–450 Budapest. Wagner, R., Bartak, M., Borkent, A., Courtney, Seddighi Sadr, F. and Mohammadzade Namin, G., Goddeeris, B., Haenni, J.P., Knutson L., S. 2016. The snail killing flies (Diptera, Pont, A., Rotheray, G.E., Rozkosny, R., Sciomyzidae) in Gilan Province, with a new Sinclair, B., Woodley, N., Zatwarnicki, T. record for Iranian fauna. Ukrainska and Zwick, P. 2008. Global diversity of Entomofaunistyka, 7(1): 43–45. dipteran families (Insecta, Diptera) in Tothova, A., Rozkošný, R., Knutson, L.V. and freshwater (excluding Simulidae, Culicidae, Meier, R. 2013. A phylogenetic analysis of Chironomidae, Tipulidae and Tabanidae). Sciomyzidae (Diptera) and some related Hydrobiologia, 595: 489–519. genera. Cladistics, 29(4): 404–415. Yano, K. 1978. Faunal and biological studies on Tirgari, S. and Fathpoor, H. 1974. On the the of paddy fields in Asia. Part I. biology and population of snail-killing flies Introduction and Sciomyzidae from Asia of Northern Iran. Sepedon sphegea (F.) (Diptera). Esakia, 11: 1–27.

372 First record of Limnia from Iran

ﻓﻮن ﻣﮕﺲﻫﺎي ﻣﺮداب (Diptera: Sciomyzidae) در ﺷﻤﺎل ﻏﺮب اﻳﺮان ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ اوﻟﻴﻦ ﮔﺰارش از ﺟﻨﺲ Limnia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺸﻮر

ﺻﻤﺪ ﺧﺎﻗﺎﻧﻲﻧﻴﺎ*، ﻳﺎﺳﺮ ﻗﺮاﺟﻪداﻏﻲ و اﺣﺴﺎن ﺣﺎﻣﺪ

داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺰ، داﻧﺸﻜﺪه ﻛﺸﺎورزي، ﮔﺮوه ﮔﻴﺎﻫﭙﺰﺷﻜﻲ، ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺰ، اﻳﺮان، ﻛﺪ ﭘﺴﺘﻲ: 51664. * ﭘﺴﺖ اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪه ﻣﺴﺌﻮل ﻣﻜﺎﺗﺒﻪ: [email protected] ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ درﻳﺎﻓﺖ: 16 ﻣﻬﺮ 1395، ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ﭘﺬﻳﺮش: 09 آﺑﺎن 1395، ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ اﻧﺘﺸﺎر: 09 آﺑﺎن 1395

ﭼﻜﻴﺪه: ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻓﻮن ﻣﺮداب ﻣﮕﺲﻫـﺎ (Dip., Sciomyzidae) درﺷـﻤﺎل ﻏـﺮب اﻳـﺮان ﻃﻲ ﺳﺎلﻫﺎي 2012-2015 اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. درﻣﺠﻤﻮع ﻫﺸـﺖ ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ از ﻣﮕﺲﻫـﺎي ﺧـﺎﻧﻮاده Sciomyzidae ﺟﻤــﻊآوري و ﺷﻨﺎﺳــﺎﻳﻲ ﺷــﺪﻧﺪ، ﻛــﻪ در ﻣﻴــﺎن آﻧﻬــﺎ ﮔﻮﻧــﻪ Limnia (unguicornis (Scopoli, 1763 ﺑﺮاي اوﻟـﻴﻦ ﺑـﺎر از اﻳـﺮان ﮔـﺰارش ﻣـﻲﺷـﻮد. زﻳﺴـﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ، ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎت اﻓﺘﺮاﻗﻲ و ﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫـﺎي اﻓﺘﺮاﻗـﻲ ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ L. unguicornis اراﻳـﻪ ﺷـﺪه اﺳﺖ.

واژﮔﺎن ﻛﻠﻴﺪي: Limnia، رﻛﻮرد ﺟﺪﻳﺪ، ﻏﺮب ﺷﻤﺎل اﻳﺮان، Sciomyzidae