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Air Defence in Northern Europe
FINNISH DEFENCE STUDIES AIR DEFENCE IN NORTHERN EUROPE Heikki Nikunen National Defence College Helsinki 1997 Finnish Defence Studies is published under the auspices of the National Defence College, and the contributions reflect the fields of research and teaching of the College. Finnish Defence Studies will occasionally feature documentation on Finnish Security Policy. Views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily imply endorsement by the National Defence College. Editor: Kalevi Ruhala Editorial Assistant: Matti Hongisto Editorial Board: Chairman Prof. Pekka Sivonen, National Defence College Dr. Pauli Järvenpää, Ministry of Defence Col. Erkki Nordberg, Defence Staff Dr., Lt.Col. (ret.) Pekka Visuri, Finnish Institute of International Affairs Dr. Matti Vuorio, Scientific Committee for National Defence Published by NATIONAL DEFENCE COLLEGE P.O. Box 266 FIN - 00171 Helsinki FINLAND FINNISH DEFENCE STUDIES 10 AIR DEFENCE IN NORTHERN EUROPE Heikki Nikunen National Defence College Helsinki 1997 ISBN 951-25-0873-7 ISSN 0788-5571 © Copyright 1997: National Defence College All rights reserved Oy Edita Ab Pasilan pikapaino Helsinki 1997 INTRODUCTION The historical progress of air power has shown a continuous rising trend. Military applications emerged fairly early in the infancy of aviation, in the form of first trials to establish the superiority of the third dimension over the battlefield. Well- known examples include the balloon reconnaissance efforts made in France even before the birth of the aircraft, and it was not long before the first generation of flimsy, underpowered aircraft were being tested in a military environment. The Italians used aircraft for reconnaissance missions at Tripoli in 1910-1912, and the Americans made their first attempts at taking air power to sea as early as 1910-1911. -
SØR-VARANGER KOMMUNE Innkalling
SØR-VARANGER KOMMUNE Boks 406, 9915 Kirkenes Tlf. 78 97 74 00. Fax 78 99 22 12 E-post: [email protected] www.svk.no Innkalling Utvalg: Kommunestyret Møtedato: 07.09.2016 Møtested: Kommunestyresalen, Rådhuset Møtetid: 11.30 - Ved eventuelt forfall, er representantene selv ansvarlig for å innkalle vara. Ved forfall til kommunestyremøter, skal forfall meldes til gruppeleder, som er ansvarlig for å innkalle vara. Varamedlemmer møter etter nærmere innkalling. Ingvild Wartiainen vil i møtet presentere Kompetansekartlegging av grunnskoler i Finnmark. Kirkenes, 26.08.2016 Rafaelsen, Rune Gjertin ordfører SAKSLISTE: Saksnr.: Sakstittel: Arkivsak: U.off: 055/16 FASTSETTING AV VALGDAGER - 2 DAGERS 16/1414 VALG I SØR-VARANGER KOMMUNE STORTINGSVALGET OG SAMETINGSVALGET 2017 Saksordfører: Tove Alstadsæter, [email protected], tlf. 482 80 810 056/16 INNKJØP AV BANGSAMLINGEN 16/386 Saksordfører: Odne H. Stunes, [email protected], tlf. 414 89 888 057/16 MEDISINSK UTSTYR TIL 16/2430 HJEMMESYKEPLEIEN Saksordfører: Staal Nilsen, [email protected], tlf. 900 41 357 058/16 SØKNAD OM BEVILGNING - SØR-VARANGER 16/1533 MENIGHET REHABILITERING OG UTVIDELSE AV SANDNES GRAVLUND Saksordfører: Britt Helen N. Slagtern, [email protected], tlf. 922 02 404 059/16 SAMARBEIDSAVTALE MED MURMANSK 16/2184 Saksordfører: Lena Norum Bergeng, [email protected], tlf. 917 66 623 060/16 VILKÅR I OPSJONSAVTALE MED 16/102 U.off NORTERMINAL AS – OMRÅDE C Jfr. §13, fvl 13.2 Saksordfører: Kurt Wikan, [email protected], tlf. 900 32 225 2 SØR-VARANGER KOMMUNE Boks 406, 9915 Kirkenes Tlf. 78 97 74 00. Fax 78 99 22 12 E-post: [email protected] www.svk.no SAKSFRAMLEGG Sak til politisk behandling Saksbehandler: Heitmann, Arianne Dato: 30.06.2016 Enhetsleder: Øvergaard, Nina Bordi, tlf. -
Iver Jåks 1932 – 2007
UNIVERSITETSBIBLIOTEKET I TROMSØ PRivatarkiv nr. 15 Iver Jåks 1932 – 2007 UiT Norges arktiske universitet Universitetsbiblioteket Huginbakken 14 9019 TROMSØ [email protected] Iver Jåks – kortfattet biografi Iver Jåks ble født den 25. oktober 1932 på vinterbeite. Foreldrene var reindriftsamer og alt lå til rette for at lille Iver skulle gå i farens fotspor. Men våren 1940, da Iver var knapt åtte år gammel, fikk han foten ødelagt i en ulykke under kjøring med rein. Han ble behandlet på kysthospitalet i Vadsø og kom etterpå til Norges Samemisjons vanførehjem Bjerkely i Tromsø. Under oppholdet der fikk han lært å lese og skrive. Samtidig åpenbarte hans talent for billedkunst seg. 18 år gammel fikk Jåks plass på Den Samiske Folkehøgskolen i Karasjok. Etter to årskurs der fikk han i 1952 plass på Statens håndverks- og kunstskole i Oslo, hvor han var til 1955. Samme året ble Jåks opptatt ved Statens lærerskole i forming på Notodden, hvor han gjennomførte utdanningen. Etter avsluttet skolegang fikk han jobb som lærer i tegning og samisk kunsthåndverk ved Den Samiske Folkehøgskolen. Siden kom han til Vraa Højskole i Danmark. Her ble han blant annet kjent med den danske kunsthistorikeren Rudolf Broby Johansen, noe som kan ha vært en medvirkende årsak til at han ble opptatt som elev på Kunstakademiet i København i årene 1958–59. Etter at han ble ferdig på Kunstakademiet giftet han seg med Inger Nielsen fra Holbæk. Paret flyttet til Karasjok hvor de bodde mesteparten av livet. Jåks hadde adskillige illustrasjons- og utsmykkingsoppdrag. Han har designet sølv til Finnmarksbunaden, kirketekstiler, monumentalskulpturer i tre, samt et betongrelieff – Gudenes dans – utenfor de samiske samlinger i Karasjok. -
A NTARCTIC Southpole-Sium
N ORWAY A N D THE A N TARCTIC SouthPole-sium v.3 Oslo, Norway • 12-14 May 2017 Compiled and produced by Robert B. Stephenson. E & TP-32 2 Norway and the Antarctic 3 This edition of 100 copies was issued by The Erebus & Terror Press, Jaffrey, New Hampshire, for those attending the SouthPole-sium v.3 Oslo, Norway 12-14 May 2017. Printed at Savron Graphics Jaffrey, New Hampshire May 2017 ❦ 4 Norway and the Antarctic A Timeline to 2006 • Late 18th Vessels from several nations explore around the unknown century continent in the south, and seal hunting began on the islands around the Antarctic. • 1820 Probably the first sighting of land in Antarctica. The British Williams exploration party led by Captain William Smith discovered the northwest coast of the Antarctic Peninsula. The Russian Vostok and Mirnyy expedition led by Thaddeus Thadevich Bellingshausen sighted parts of the continental coast (Dronning Maud Land) without recognizing what they had seen. They discovered Peter I Island in January of 1821. • 1841 James Clark Ross sailed with the Erebus and the Terror through the ice in the Ross Sea, and mapped 900 kilometres of the coast. He discovered Ross Island and Mount Erebus. • 1892-93 Financed by Chr. Christensen from Sandefjord, C. A. Larsen sailed the Jason in search of new whaling grounds. The first fossils in Antarctica were discovered on Seymour Island, and the eastern part of the Antarctic Peninsula was explored to 68° 10’ S. Large stocks of whale were reported in the Antarctic and near South Georgia, and this discovery paved the way for the large-scale whaling industry and activity in the south. -
Standarbilde Inventarnummer Produksjon Hovedtittel Beskrivende Datering Betegnelse
Standarbilde Inventarnummer Produksjon Hovedtittel Beskrivende datering Betegnelse NMK.2019.0001 Kunstner, Pasi Juhani Välimaa, Produsert Blue and White (Hovedtittel/ original/ Engelsk) 2017 Tekstil NMK.2019.0003 Kunstner, Arne Korsmo, Produsert, Produsent, J. Tostrup, Produsert Orkidevase (Visningstittel/_/ _) 1948 Vase NMK.2019.0004 Kunstner, Tonje Plur, Produsert Čammo (Visningstittel/_/ _) 2018-2018 Antrekk Polka Dots, Providence, Rhode Island (P.024 1A) (Hovedtittel/ NMK.2019.0005 Kunstner, Francesca Woodman, Produsert 1975-1978 Fotografi anvendt/ Engelsk) Polka Dots #5, Providence, Rhode Island (P.024) (Hovedtittel/ NMK.2019.0006 Kunstner, Francesca Woodman, Produsert 1976-1976 Fotografi anvendt/ Engelsk) NMK.2019.0007 Kunstner, Francesca Woodman, Produsert Untitled, New York (P.430) (Hovedtittel/ anvendt/ Engelsk) 1979-1980 Fotografi NMK.2019.0008 Kunstner, Francesca Woodman, Produsert From Angel Series, Rome (I.171) (Hovedtittel/ anvendt/ Engelsk) 1977-1978 Fotografi NMK.2019.0009 Kunstner, Francesca Woodman, Produsert Untitled, Boulder, Colorado (E.3) (Hovedtittel/ anvendt/ Engelsk) 1972-1975 Fotografi NMK.2019.0010 Kunstner, Emil Gustafsson, Produsert Sosial avstandsmåler (Hovedtittel/ anvendt/ Norsk) 2015-2015 Brosje Ca. 1900 (design) / NMK.2019.0011 Produsent, Egersunds Fayancefabrik, Produsert, Kunstner, Ukjent Stråmønster (Hovedtittel/ anvendt/ Norsk) Mellom 1920 og 1954 Servise (produksjon) Ca. 1900 (design) / NMK.2019.0012 Kunstner, Ukjent, Produsent, Villeroy & Boch, Produsert Stråmønster (Hovedtittel/ anvendt/ Norsk) -
“Assessment of Potential Origin-Linked Quality Food Products and Their Demand in Ukraine”
International Charitable Foundation “Heifer Project International” UKRAINE FINAL REPORT Project TCP/UKR/320 – SEU- LoA/10/004 “Assessment of Potential Origin-Linked Quality Food Products and Their Demand in Ukraine” Report Prepared by Yuriy Bakun (Heifer-Ukraine), Viktor Teres (Heifer-Ukraine), Oksana Osadcha (Heifer-Ukraine); with the support of the marketing expert Roman Korinets, and volunteers Perrine Loeuilleux, Irina Kasian KYIV – August 20th, 2010 1 International Charitable Foundation “Heifer Project International” Contents SUMMARY..........................................................................................................................................3 INTRODUCTION ...............................................................................................................................3 2. General and Sector-specific Analysis of Agricultural Food Production in Ukraine ...................5 2.1. Agriculture and export opportunities ........................................................................................5 2.1. National policy and development of rural areas in relation to traditional products ..................9 2.3 Legislation on geographical references in Ukraine..................................................................11 2.3.1 Procedure...........................................................................................................................14 2.3.2. Protection..........................................................................................................................17 -
Svalbard 2015–2016 Meld
Norwegian Ministry of Justice and Public Security Published by: Norwegian Ministry of Justice and Public Security Public institutions may order additional copies from: Norwegian Government Security and Service Organisation E-mail: [email protected] Internet: www.publikasjoner.dep.no KET T Meld. St. 32 (2015–2016) Report to the Storting (white paper) Telephone: + 47 222 40 000 ER RY M K Ø K J E L R I I Photo: Longyearbyen, Tommy Dahl Markussen M 0 Print: 07 PrintMedia AS 7 9 7 P 3 R 0 I 1 08/2017 – Impression 1000 N 4 TM 0 EDIA – 2 Svalbard 2015–2016 Meld. St. 32 (2015–2016) Report to the Storting (white paper) 1 Svalbard Meld. St. 32 (2015–2016) Report to the Storting (white paper) Svalbard Translation from Norwegian. For information only. Table of Contents 1 Summary ........................................ 5 6Longyearbyen .............................. 39 1.1 A predictable Svalbard policy ........ 5 6.1 Introduction .................................... 39 1.2 Contents of each chapter ............... 6 6.2 Areas for further development ..... 40 1.3 Full overview of measures ............. 8 6.2.1 Tourism: Longyearbyen and surrounding areas .......................... 41 2Background .................................. 11 6.2.2 Relocation of public-sector jobs .... 43 2.1 Introduction .................................... 11 6.2.3 Port development ........................... 44 2.2 Main policy objectives for Svalbard 11 6.2.4 Svalbard Science Centre ............... 45 2.3 Svalbard in general ........................ 12 6.2.5 Land development in Longyearbyen ................................ 46 3 Framework under international 6.2.6 Energy supply ................................ 46 law .................................................... 17 6.2.7 Water supply .................................. 47 3.1 Norwegian sovereignty .................. 17 6.3 Provision of services ..................... -
Lonely Planet's Global Chocolate Tour 1 Preview
CONTENTS Introduction 3 Costa Rica 60 Europe 146 The Beans 4 Cuba 64 Austria 148 Cacao to Chocolate 6 Ecuador 66 Belgium 152 INTRODUCTION Types of Chocolate 8 Honduras 70 Eastern Europe 160 From camel milk chocolate in Dubai to honeycomb We couldn't cover every worthy Swiss chocolatier or Glossary 11 Mexico 72 France 164 chocolate in Australia, single-origin chocolate ice incredible Parisian chocolate boutique, but we included Nicaragua 80 Germany 176 cream in San Francisco and chocolate-covered blueberries favourites from Lonely Planet writers across the world. The Africa & The Middle East 12 Peru 82 Iceland 184 from Trappist Monks in Quebec, the world of chocolate has major cacao-growing countries are represented as well, Cote d’Ivoire 14 Chocomuseos 84 Ireland 186 never been more diverse...or more delectable. Innovative often with tours of cacao farms where it's possible to see Ghana 16 USA 86 Italy 188 chocolatiers are thinking up novel ingredient combinations the crop as it's grown and harvested. While most production Israel & Palestinian Territories 18 Top Chocolate Festivals 116 Netherlands 194 from Ho Chi Minh City to Texas and finding new means of of chocolate is done elsewhere and growers in places like São Tomé & Príncipe 22 Portugal 200 sourcing from and supporting small cacao farmers in the Côte d'Ivoire and Costa Rica primarily export the raw crop South Africa 24 Asia 118 Spain 202 race to elevate each bite into chocolate heaven. Yet not without much in-country chocolate production of their own, United Arab Emirates 30 India 120 Switzerland 206 every chocolate destination in this book is a craft bean-to- new bar-makers are popping up all over to challenge the Top Hot Chocolates 32 Indonesia 122 United Kingdom 212 bar maker; beloved Hershey's Chocolate World, chocolate- traditional paradigm and capture more of the revenue from Japan 124 Top Flavour Pairings 228 themed hotels and classic old-world cafes serving famous the chocolate trade domestically. -
Port of Bergen
Cruise Norway The complete natural experience A presentation of Norwegian destinations and cruise ports Cruise Norway Manual 2007/2008 ANGEN R W NNA : GU OTO H Index P Index 2 Presentation of Cruise Norway 2-3 Cruise Cruise Destination Norway 4-5 Norwegian Cruise Ports 6 wonderful Norway Distances in nautical miles 7 The “Norway Cruise Manual” gives a survey of Norwegian harbours Oslo Cruise Port 8 providing excellent services to the cruise market. This presentation is edited in a geographical sequence: It starts in the North - and finishes Drammen 10 in the South. Kristiansand 12 The presentation of each port gives concise information about the most 3 Small City Cruise 14 important attractions, “day” and “halfday” excursions, and useful, practical information about harbour conditions. The amount of information is limited Stavanger 16 due to space. On request, more detailed information may be obtained from Eidfjord 18 Cruise Norway or from the individual ports. The “Norway Cruise Manual” is the only comprehensive overview of Ulvik 20 Norwegian harbours and the cooperating companies that have the Bergen 22 international cruise market as their field of activity. The individual port authorities / companies are responsible for the information which Vik 24 appears in this presentation. Flåm 26 An Early Warning System (EWS) for Norwegian ports was introduced in 2004 Florø 28 - go to: www.cruise-norway.no Olden/Nordfjord 30 T D Geirangerfjord 32 N Y BU Ålesund 34 NANC : Molde/Åndalsnes 36 OTO PH Kristiansund 38 Narvik 40 Møre and Romsdal Lofoten 42 Vesterålen 44 Y WA R NO Harstad 46 ation Tromsø 48 Presenting V INNO Alta 50 . -
Abstract This Article Aims to Answer Two Questions
THE SÁMI ART MUSEUM: THERE IS NO – OR IS THERE? Hanna Horsberg Hansen (UiT The Arctic University of Norway) Abstract This article aims to answer two questions. The first is: What is a Sámi art museum? The second question considers whether there is no Sámi art museum, as assumed by the Nordnorsk kunstmuseum (NNKM) as the title of a museum performance and exhibition in 2017. To answer the first question, it is necessary to tell the long story of the Sámi cultural- historical museum in Karasjok, Samiid Vuorká-Dávvirat (SVD). This museum was inaugurated in 1972 as an act of resistance against the increasing assimilation politics towards the Sámi population in the post-war period. The building that was erected became a cultural and political centre, and a living cultural institution that housed the increasing Sámi ethno-political movement and its energy. Furthermore, as I will argue, the activity that took place at the site became a part of Sámi cultural heritage. The museum has also collected art since 1972 – a collection that today comprises 1400 artworks. Since the 1980s, various plans have been made for a Sámi art museum in a separate building, somehow connected to SVD, however, none of these plans have yet been realised. The article discusses the different reasons for this, and points to the connotations embedded in the SVD building as a cultural and political centre as one of the contributing factors. To answer the question of whether there is no Sámi art museum, a critical reading of the Nordnorsk kunstmuseum’s 2017 museum performance There Is No is necessary. -
Riddu Riddu, Joik Or Rock-N-Roll ?
Riddu Riddu, joik or rock-n-roll ? A study of Riddu Riddu Festivála and its role as a cultural tool for ethnic revialization Anastassia Valerievna Leonenko Thesis submitted for the degree: Master of Philosophy in Indigenous Studies Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tromsø April 2008 Riddu Riđđu, joik or rock-n-roll? A study of Riddu Riđđu Festivála and its role as a cultural tool for ethnic revitalization Anastassia Valerievna Leonenko Thesis submitted for the degree: Master of Philosophy in Indigenous Studies Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tromsø Norway April 2008 To Alexandre Descomps and our baby II Acknowledgements This master thesis is a result of the contribution of different individuals and organisations. First, I am grateful to the University of Tromsø that opened my path to an international academic milieu by admitting me to the Indigenous Master Programme where I met my classmates from all over the world, Saami professors with personal experience in the indigenous self-determination movement, and other researchers on indigenous issues. Moreover, the Centre for Sámi Studies played an active role in my educational process, by organising seminars (at Skibotn) and conferences (the Forum for Development Cooperation with Indigenous Studies), trips to Finnmark (Karasjok, Kautokeino, Alta) and to Kåfjord (Manndalen) and finally, funding my research project. My gratitude goes as well to the Norwegian State Educational Loan Fund (Lånekassen) and the Centre for Environment and Development (SEMUT) for their financial support that made this research possible. My greatest gratitude and thanks go to my supervisor Bjørn Bjerkli, Associate Professor at the Department of Social Anthropology at the Tromsø University, who devoted a great deal of his time reading and commenting on my work. -
Hotels · Restaurants · Shopping · Nightlife · Maps
hotels restaurants shopping nightlife maps All you need for a better visit! 2011 March/April ree f r c u o p o y y www.kyivcityguide.com #23 YOUR HOTEL ROOM IS JUST A CLICK AWAY! NOTARY SERVICES www.kyivcityguide.com English speaking licensed notary witnessing signatures · deeds certification · wills and testamentary docu- -Book, change or cancel your booking for FREE; ments · powers of attorney -Wide selection of hotels located in Ukraine; A: 19-21 Frunze str. Kiev -Your booking is immediately confirmed by e-mail; -No hidden charges! T: 044 455 9318 CONTENTS 3 Kyiv City Guide #23 March/April 4 Kyiv Basics 8 Events, Movies 12 Museums, Sights 21 Hotels, Apartments 27 Restaurants, Bars, Pubs 34 Shopping Museums 12 Events 8 37 Health, Sports 39 Transport & Travel 42 Out of Town 44 Yellow Pages 46 Nightlife, Clubs 50 City Maps 53 Street Index Nightlife 46 Movies 11 WWW.KYIVCITYGUIDE.COM - YOUR FAVOURITE TRAVELMATE 4 GENERAL INFO Facts & Figures History in brief Your mini dictionary LOCATION: Eastern Europe, bordering 4500BC Flourishing of the Late Neolithic Hello -pryvit Good morning -dobry the Black Sea, Romania, Moldova, Hun- Cucuteni-Trypillian culture. ranok Good afternoon -dobry den gary, Slovakia, Poland in the west, Bela- 482AD Foundation of Kyiv (founded, How are you? -yak spravy? Yes -tak rus in the north, and Russia in the east. according to legend, by first settlers Kiy, No -ni Please -budlaska Excuse GEOGRAPHY: Ukraine is the second Shcheck, Horiv and Lybid). me -vybachte Thank you -dyakuyu largest state (slightly smaller than 882 Kyiv becomes the centre of the first You are welcome -proshu Help Texas) in Europe and consists mostly of Slavic State - Kyivan Rus, which during -dopomozhit Hotel -gotel Hospital plateaus.