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In the Blue Nile Area of Sudane Field Notes and Interviewɓs [Günther Schlee and Al-Amin Abu-Manga]

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In the Blue Nile Area of Sudane Field Notes and Interviewɓs [Günther Schlee and Al-Amin Abu-Manga] FULIN THE BLUE NILE AREA OF SUDANE FIELD NOTES AND INTERVIEWƁS [Günther Schlee and Al-Amin Abu-Manga] HALLE (SAALE) 2017 MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR SOCIAL ANTHROPOLOGY DEPartment ‘IntegraTION AND CONFLICt’ FIELD NOTES AND RESEARCH PROJECTS XVI MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR SOCIAL ANTHROPOLOGY DEPARTMent ‘IntegraTION AND CONFLICT’ FIELD NOTES AND RESEARCH PROJECTS XVI Fulɓe in the Blue Nile Area of Sudan: Field Notes and Interviews Published by Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology, Halle (Saale) P. O. Box 11 03 51 D - 06017 Halle /Saale (Germany) Phone +49 (0) 345 2927 0 http://www.eth.mpg.de ISSN 2193-987X Authors: Günther Schlee and Al-Amin Abu-Manga Series Editor: Günther Schlee Assisted by: Viktoria Zeng and Robert Dobslaw Cover Photo (29120312_1609.jpg): Young Fulɓe in the Dinder region (Sudan), 2010 © Günther Schlee Printed 2017 by Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology, Halle (Saale) © 2017 Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology TABLE OF CONTENTS Series Editor’s Preface ................................................................................ iv Introduction .................................................................................................. v The Chronological Account .......................................................................... 1 Interview: Sheikh Baabo Umar ................................................................... 51 Interview: Mustafa al-Makki Ali ................................................................ 69 Interview with Fulani Men Originating from Maiurno ............................... 89 Interview: Abdullahi Muhammad Sa’id al-Qarawi .................................. 153 Interview: Abdu Umar (Darwe) ................................................................ 205 Interview with Fulani Men Living in Wad Hashim Arab ......................... 223 Interview with Fulani Men Living in Wad Hashim Malle ........................ 237 Bibliography ............................................................................................. 269 Index ......................................................................................................... 273 Other Volumes in the Series ...................................................................... 284 Book Publications ..................................................................................... 286 SERIES EDITor’S PREFACE (GÜNTHER SCHLEE) ABOUT THE SERIES This series of Field Notes and Research Projects does not aim to compete with high-impact, peer-reviewed books and journal articles, which are the main am bition of scholars seeking to publish their research. Rather, contribu- tions to this series complement such publications. They serve a number of different purposes. In recent decades, anthropological publications have often been purely dis- cursive – that is, they have consisted only of words. Often, pictures, tables, and maps have not found their way into them. In this series, we want to devote more space to visual aspects of our data. Data are often referred to in publications without being presented systemati- cally. Here, we want to make the paths we take in proceeding from data to con- clusions more transparent by devoting sufficient space to the documentation of data. In addition to facilitating critical evaluation of our work by members of the scholarly community, stimulating comparative research within the institute and beyond, and providing citable references for books and articles in which only a limited amount of data can be presented, these volumes serve an important func- tion in retaining connections to field sites and in maintaining the involvement of the people living there in the research process. Those who have helped us to collect data and provided us with information can be given these books and booklets as small tokens of our gratitude and as tangible evidence of their cooperation with us. When the results of our research are sown in the field, new discussions and fresh perspectives might sprout. Especially in their electronic form, these volumes can also be used in the production of power points for teaching; and, as they are open-access and free of charge, they can serve an important public outreach function by arousing interest in our research among members of a wider audience. iv Series Editor’s Preface INTRODUCTION GÜNTHER SCHLEE The interview transcriptions compiled in this volume have been made in the early years of my research project ‘Ethnicity in new contexts: emergent boundaries and pluri-ethnic networks in the East of the Republic of Sudan’, financed by the German Research Board (grant SCHL 186/9–1). A number of publications have resulted from this project (e.g., Feyissa and Schlee 2009; Schlee 2000, 2009), and a book manuscript is still living a shadow life in the shape of a growing number of documents on my computer, many of them undergoing constant growth and revision, since I have not managed to stop going back to Sudan year after year. Data and research materials, abundant as they are, can in the meantime be made available for whoever wants to work with them. All the interviews included in the present volume were carried out with Fulɓe (Fulani) interlocutors between 1996 and 1998. Most of these inter- views were conducted in Sudanese Arabic. We (Al-Amin Abu-Manga and I) developed a rather elaborate format for their transcriptions with three col- umns, from right to left: Arabic in Arabic characters, Arabic in Latin charac- ters, English translation. Both Arabic columns render the language actually spoken, not any written standard, although knowledge of Standard Arabic might have an influence since, doing a transcription, one often hears what one expects to hear. The middle column contains additional information be- cause here vowels are rendered in their actual values; so here we have e and o, while in Arabic short vowels, unless in words of foreign origin, are not written and letters only exist for Á, Ð, and Ù, as e and o are absent in Standard Arabic. Without the information in this middle column a reader not familiar with the local dialect would only succeed to read the text aloud in the form of a somewhat remote approximation. The project did not have a special focus on Fulɓe. It was about ethnicities evolving through interaction with each other and could therefore not take any given ethnicity as its starting point.1 Using another approach, we (e.g., Diallo and Schlee 2000) have not examined interaction in a given regional context, but have compared different ways to be Fulɓe across Africa in different eth- nic contexts as our starting point.2 In the present context, the Fulɓe identity of the interlocutors has just been taken as the criterion for the selection of the interviews to be published in this volume. Interviews with non-Fulɓe have been omitted here. There would have been many other possibilities, but 1 A project report in German can be found under http://www.eth.mpg.de/3660065/ sudan01.html (‘Abschlußbericht zum Projekt ‘Ethnizitäten in neuen Kontexten: Abgrenzungsprozesse und pluriethnische Vernetzungen im Osten der Republik Sudan’’). 2 See also Schlee (2011), Schlee and Guichard (2007, 2013). Fulɓe in the Blue Nile Area of Sudan v choices needed to be made. In a later volume in this series (‘Old Fulani in the Sennar Area (Sudan)’), Al-Amin Abu-Manga will present another set of interviews in the same fashion. The next section of this volume entails excerpts from the field notes I wrote during trips to Eastern Sudan and to Western Ethiopia,3 where Fulɓe pasto- ralists of the Blue Nile area have been moving seasonally with their livestock in the 1990s. The section with field notes will help to situate the interviews in their context. It is followed by the transcriptions of the interviews which are themselves organised in chronological order. An index at the end allows searches in the volume. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS On the trip undertaken in summer 1996, my first field research in the Sudan, I was accompanied by my 11-year-old son Hassan because I thought that to have a child in one’s company would be a door opener and ease access. I was right in thinking so. Some of the photographs in this volume were taken by Hassan. On one trip to Damazin, we were accompanied by Al-Amin Abu-Manga’s much younger brother Anwar who was of great help. Much appreciation is due to Martine Guichard for her editorial work on the material compiled in this volume and her valuable suggestions for improving its readability. The texts in Arabic have profited greatly from the critical reading by Kim- Eileen Endrikat. 3 See also Schlee (2013). vi Introduction Map 1: The Blue Nile area and the neighbouring regions Fulɓe in the Blue Nile Area of Sudan vii THE CHRONOLOGICAL ACCOUNT GÜNTHER SCHLEE TRIP 1 – easTERN SUDAN (JULY – AUGUST 1996) MONDAY, JULY 22, 1996 DAMAZIN In the Suq of Damazin my Fulfulde-speaking companion, Anwar Abu- Manga, and I, accompanied by my 11-year-old son Hassan, are able to identify some Mbororo on the basis of their appearance. They direct us to their local spokes- man, Sheikh Baabo Umar, who agrees to accompany us to a nomadic Mbororo hamlet. A taxi takes us northwards on the tarmac road for about 25 km; then we hire a tractor which takes us eight km to the west, across the open range. Herds are driven away as we approach. An old man under a tree begins ablu- tions for his ʿaṣr prayers (afternoon prayers) just as we arrive, apparently in order to gain time; he trusts that we will not take any belligerent action against him while he is praying.
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