Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-16367-6 — the Cambridge History of French Thought Edited by Michael Moriarty , Jeremy Jennings Index More Information

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Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-16367-6 — The Cambridge History of French Thought Edited by Michael Moriarty , Jeremy Jennings Index More Information

Index

abbeys, 11–12 Anti-Machiavel, 91 Abbo of Fleury, 12 apologetics, 112 Abbey of St. Germaine at Auxerre, 11–12 Apologia Catholica, 94–5 Abelard, Peter, 14–15 Arabic philosophy, 17–18 Abrégé, 119–20 Archaeology of Knowledge, The, 460–1 Académie du Palais, 39 Arendt, Hannah, 353–4, 451 Académie française, 98, 318, 349 Aristotelianism Académie royale de peinture et de and absolute royal power, 94 sculpture, 259 based Catholicism, 44 Acarie, Madame (Marie de l’Incarnation), 142 and Jansenism, 139–40 Adolphe, 319 in medieval French thought adoptianism, 11 and Buridan, 27–8 Aquinas, Thomas ﬁfteenth century, 32 and Catholicism, 44 and Latin Christendom, 20–1 form of the soul, 21 new resources, 19 opposition to Averroism, 21 and Oresme, 28–9 aesthetics, see also arts in medieval Jewish thought, 17–18 deﬁned, 183 and Montaigne, 73–4 during the Enlightenment, 256–62 as moral thought, 55–9 Against Vain Curiosity in Matters of Faith, 31 and the Ramus method, 67–8 Alan of Lille (Universal Doctor), 16 Arnau de Vilanova, 24 Albert the Great, 20 Arnaud, Angélique, 137, 145 Algerian War, 441–3 Arnauld, Antoine, 137, 139–40, 140n, 144, Alleg, Henri, 286, 443 152, 162 Althusser, Louis, 416–23 Aron, Raymond, 381–2, 446–9 Althusser’s Lesson, 422 arts, see also aesthetics altruism, 345–6 and aesthetics, 183–9 Amaury of Bène, 16 Diderot on, 221, 224–5 amour-propre, 172 Voltaire’s commitment to, 216 Animadversiones Aristotelicae, 68 women in, 194–5 annalistes, 399–400 Ascoli, Georges, 191 Anselm of Aosta, 13 Assassins of Memory, The, 403 Anselm of Laon, 14 atheism anthropology, 358–62 Bayle on, 166 Anthropology from a Pragmatic Point of View, Cymbalum mundi, 46 458–9 during the Enlightenment, 234–40 anti-Americanism, 287 and Machiavelli, 91 anti-colonialism, 436–45, see also colonialism Voltaire on, 213

554

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-16367-6 — The Cambridge History of French Thought Edited by Michael Moriarty , Jeremy Jennings Index More Information

Index

Augustinianism, see also Catholic Church Biblical study ethics of, 169–71 medieval French thought on, 9–12, 14 meditations, 130–1 seventeenth-century Catholic, 144–5 and Pascal, 151–2 Billon, F. de, 193 sainthood, 44 biopower, 465 seventeenth century, 135–40 Biran, Maine de, 326 thirteenth-century doctrine of, 20, 22 Birth of the Clinic, The, 459 Augustinus, 135–6, 152 bishop of Hippo, see Augustinianism Averroes (Ibn Rushd), 20–1 Black Jacobins, The, 438 Avicebron (Ibn Gabirol), 19 Blanc, Louis, 308 Avicenna, 20 Blanchot, Maurice, 492 Blondel, Maurice, 384–5, 391 Babeuf, F-N., 298 Bodin, Jean, 95–6 Badiou, Alain, 424 Boethius of Dacia, 15–16 Baise-moi (film), 434 Boguet, H., 88n, 88–9 Baius, Michael, 136 Boileau, Nicolas, 186–7 Balzac, Honoré de, 321 Bonapartism, 298–9 Balzac, Jean-Louis Guez de, 100–1, 176 Bonaventure, 45–6 banking, 309 Bonju, Théophraste, 107–8 Barclay, William, 92 Bonnefons, Amable, 146 Barni, Jules, 295 Book of Causes, 16, 20 Barrès, Maurice, 377–8 Book of the Healing, 20 Barruel, Augustin, 295–6 book production (medieval), 10 Barthes, Roland, 216n, 216, 495 Bossuet, J-B., 144–7, 179–80 Bastiat, Frédéric, 309–11 Boucher, Jean, 92 Bataille, Georges, 492 Bouhours, D., 186–7 Batteux, C., 259 Bourcier, Sam, 433–4 Battle of Algiers, The (film), 442 Bourdaloue, Louis, 144–5 Battle of the Books, The, 185–6 Bourdieu, Pierre, 486–7 Baudoin, François, 92 Boutroux, Émile, 365 Bautain, Louis, 336 Brague, R., 387 Bayle, Peter, 164–8, 214 Briçonnet, Guillaume, 41 Beauvoir, Simone de, 427–30 Brion, Hélène, 427 Beaux Arts réduit à un seul principe, Les, 259 Brito, Radulphus, 23 Beda, Noël, 37 Broca, Paul, 358–9 being (philosophy of), see also human nature Brutinae quaestiones, 69 Eriugena, 11 Buchanan, George, 38 and Foucault, 466 Budé, Guillaume, 35 Gilbert de la Porrée, 16 Buridan, John, 27–8 and Pascal, 151–2 Burley, Walter, 27 Scotus’ univocity of, 26 Being and Nothingness, 407, 409–10, 412 Cabanis, Pierre, 288 Belloy, Pierre de, 94–5 cafés, 202 Benveniste, Émile, 491 Calas affair, 214 Berengar of Tours, 13 Calvin, Jean, 42–3 Bergson, Henri, 363–4, 368–72, 385 Calvinism, 43–5, 136, 139, see also Lutheranism Bernard of Chartres, 13 Cambridge Affair, 475 Bernard of Clairvaux, 13, 14–15, 16 Camus, Jean-Pierre, 169 Bernier, F., 119–21 Candide, 214 Berr, Henri, 398 Canfield, Benoît de, 142 Bérulle, Cardinal de, 142 Capital au XXIe siècle, Le, 419–20, 505 Besançon, Alain, 393 Capreolus, John, 31 Bèze, Théodore de, 91 Caractères, Les, 146, 175

555

Index

Caro, Elme, 366 Code de la nature, 239 Cartesianism, see also René Descartes Collège de Guyenne, 38 epistomology of, 158–9 Collège de lecteurs royaux, 37–8 and Jansenism, 139–40 Collège de Sorbonne natural philosophy and metaphysics of, and Encyclopédie, 203 159–61 and humanism, 37, 42 and occasionalism, 161–3 against Jansenism, 137–8 and Pascal, 152 and positivism, 350 Castellion, Sébastien, 45 colonialism, see also anti-colonialism Catéchisme de Meaux, 146 during the Enlightenment, 271–8 catechisms, 146 nineteenth century, 356–7 cathedral schools, 13–14 Commentarius de jurisprudentia muciana, 92 Catholic Church, see also Augustinianism communism, 439, 451, 473–4, 485–6, see also and Aristotelian scholasticism, 136 French Communist Party and Cartesianism, 160 Compagnie du Saint-Sacrement, 145 Concordat of 1801, 240 Compendium of Dialectic, 27 and demonology, 86–7 Comte, Auguste, 285, 288, 342–6, 365, 379, during French Reformation, 41–6 478, 479 on historical chronology, 249–50 Comte, Charles, 303–4 and Machiavelli, 92 Concordat of 1801, 240, 333 nineteenth century, 285, 332–4 Condé, Maryse, 441 and Pyrrhonism, 64 Condemnation of 1277, 21–3 seventeenth-century spirituality in, 141–8 Condillac, Étienne Bonnot de, 324 twentieth century, 383–93 Condorcet, J.A.N. de Caritat, 250, 251, 254–5 and ultramontanes, 295–7 Confessions, 233 Catholic League, 92 Congar, Yves, 389 Catholicisme: les aspects sociaux du dogme, 390 Considérations politiques sur les coups d’estat, 114 Cato the Younger, 75–7 Considérations sur la France, 333 Censura philosophiae cartesianae, 160 Considérations sur les causes de la grandeur des Centre d’etudes sociologiques, 485 Romains et de leur décadence, 243n, 243, Césaire, Aimé, 439–41 250, 251–2 Chamoiseau, Patrick, 441 Considérations sur l’état présent de la controverse Charrière, I., 265 touchant le Très Saint-Sacrement de Charron, Pierre, 61, 65–6 l’autel, 160 Chartier, Roger, 199, 282 Consolation of Philosophy, 12, 15 Chateaubriand, René de, 285, 336 Conspiration pour l’Egalité, 298 Chenu, Marie-Dominique, 389 Constant, Benjamin, 297, 301, 304 Chevalier, Jacques, 385 constitutionalism, 94 Chevalier, Michel, 306, 308 Cooper, Fred, 441 Chiens de garde, Les, 286 Coquelin, Charles, 309 Choppin, René, 93 Cordemoy, Géraud de, 161 Christine de Pizan, 190 Corneille, Pierre, 101–3 Church of Geneva, 43 Cornette, Joël, 405 Cicero, 57, 59–60, 68–9 Cosmographia, 16 Cid, Le, 101–3 Council of Trent, 141–2 Cixous, Hélène, 431–2, 497 Cours de peinture par principes, 259 classical philosophy Course of the History of Modern Philosophy, and the Enlightenment, 243 326 and humanism, 35–6, 37–9 Cousin, Victor in medieval French thought, 15–16, 18–19 political nature of philosophy, 323–5 and the Quarrel of the Ancients and as scholar, 323 Moderns, 183–9 Crania Aegyptica, 357 and Stoicism, 60 Creative Evolution, 370

556

Index

Critique de la critique de la recherche de la on politics, 472–4 vérité, 160 post-structuralism, 467 Critique et Clinique, 496 Des vraies et des fausses idées, 162 Critique of Dialectical Reason, The, 407, 412 Descartes, René, see also Cartesianism Croce, Benedetto, 187 lifetime, 124–7 Cuvier, Georges, 355 mechanics, 132–3 cycle history narrative, 250 medicine, 133 Cymbalum mundi, 46 metaphysics, 130–2 Cyrano de Bergerac, 118–19 methods of, 127–8 moral philosophy of, 169 d’Ailly, Pierre, 30 morals, 133–4 d’Alembert, J. L. R., 202–4, 203n, 208 and Pascal, 154 Damas, Léon Gontron, 439–41 tree of philosophy, 108n Damnés de la terre, Les, 442 women’s equality, 196 d’Angoulême, Marguerite, 39 Description de l’Egypte, 356 Darnton, Robert, 201, 282 Desgabets, Robert, 160 Darwinism, 335 Despentes, Virginie, 434–5 Daud, Abraham Ibn, 18 Destutt du Tracy, Antoine Louis Claude, 301, d’Auriol, Pierre, 26 302, 324 De Constantia libri II, 61 Deuxième Sexe, Le, 427–30 De Domanio Franciae, 93 Devil and the Good Lord, The (play), 415 de Gaulle, Charles devotio moderna, 142 legacy of, 503 Dialectica, 12 and nationalism, 380–1 dialectical nominalism, 412–13 De Jure Magistratuum, 91 Dialectique, 68–71 De Justa Abdicatione Henrici Tertii, 92 Dictionaire de l’économie politique, 301, 305 de la Barre, Poulain, 196–7 Diderot, Denis De la Démocratie en Amérique, 298 on art, 221 De la fréquente communion, 144 art criticisms, 224–5 De la vertu des payens, 61, 113 banned books of, 235–6 de l’Aubespine, Madeleine, 39 Code de la nature, 239 De l’esprit des lois, 241–3, 249, 251–2, 274, 282 and Encyclopédie, 202–4, 203n, 221–2 De l’esprit géométrique, 153–7 on genre painting, 259 De Moneta, 29 Jacques le fataliste, 223 De Regno et Regali Potestate, 92 Le Neveu de Rameau, 224 De Sacra Politia, 93 on luxury, 262 De Trinitate, 15 on materialism, 238–9 Decretum, 13 and philosophes, 200–1 Defender of the Peace, 25 politics of, 246 Defence and Embellishment of the French on religion, medicine and ethics, 219 Language, The, 97 on sensory knowledge, 220–1 Degré zero de l’ecriture, Le, 495 variety of literary topics, 218–20 deism, see God on women’s role, 264 Deleuze, Gilles, 496 Discernement du corps et de l’âme en six discours, Delphy, Christine, 432–4 Le, 161 democracy, 474 Discours de la servitude volontaire, 46 demonology, 83–9 Discours de l’État et des Grandeurs de Jésus, 142 Derrida, Jacques Discours sur les sciences et les arts, 226, 261 criticism of, 471n, 474 Discours sur l’origine et les fondements de ethics of deconstruction, 470–2 l’inégalité, 227, 267, 268 and literary theory, 492 Discourse on the Method, 126, 127–30 metaphysics of presence, 468–70 Disenchantment of the World, The, 454 path to prominence, 467–8 dissidents, 45–6, see also freethinkers

557

Index

Distinction, La, 487 epistemology, see also knowledge divertissement, 155 and phenomenology, 409 Division of Labour in Society, The, 481 and Pyrrhonism, 62 divorce, 349 equipollence (isosthenia), 62 Dominican order, 21–3, 388–9 Erasmus, Desiderius Dorat, Jean, 37 as evangelical hero, 41 double predestination doctrine, 11, 44 and Rabelais, 47n, 48–52 Dragmaticon, 16 Eriugena, John Scott, 11 Dream of Scipio, 15 Espinas, Alfred, 351 Dreyfus Affair, 299, 377, 378 esprit de ﬁnesse, 154 du Bellay, Joachim, 97–8 Esquisse d’un tableau historique des progrês de Du Crédit et des Banques, 309 l’esprit humain, 250, 254–5 Du Pont, G., 193 Essai sur les libertés, 448 du Vair, Guillaume, 61 Essai sur les moeurs et l’esprit des nations, 253–4 Dubos, J-B., 257–8 Essai sur les privilèges, 283 Dunoyer, Charles, 303–4 Essais, 60, 77, 81–2 Durand de Saint-Pourçain, 21–3 Essay on the Inequality of Human Races, 353 Duras, Claire de, 355 Estetica come scienza dell’espressione, 187 Durkheim, Émile, 351, 359, 481–3 Etats et Empires de la Lune, Les, 118–19 Duval, E., 52n, 52 ethics Augustinianism, 169–71 Eclecticism and Rousseau, 230–1 critique, 328–9 ethics of deconstruction, 470–2 genesis of, 325–6 Etre et avoir, 386 legacy of, 330 Eucharist (sacrament), 43 method of, 326–8 Eustachius a Sancto Paulo, 105–9 and philosophy crisis, 366–7 evangelicals, 41–6, see also reformers École française de spiritualité, 142 evil, 167–8 economics evolution, see also materialism free market economic theory, 310–11 and Bergson, 369 and Paris School of political economy, during the Enlightenment, 237 301–11 and racism, 360 pre-French Revolution, 283 Exégèse médiévale: les quatre sens de social economic theory, 302–4 l’Ecriture, 390 Écrits sur la grâce, 151–2 existentialism education and Beauvoir, 429 early modern, 104–9 and conservative liberalism, 448 and Montaigne, 73 and Sartre, 406–15 and Rabelais, 52–4 and sociology, 485 women’s, 195 Existentialism is a Humanism, 409 Einstein, Albert, 371–2 Explication des Maximes des Saints, 147 Elementary Forms of Religious Life, The, 483 Ezra, Abraham Ibn, 17 Eléments de physiologie, 237 Emile, 231–2, 267 Faguet, Émile, 216n, 216 empirical epistemology, 324 faith Encyclopédie, ou dictionnaire raisonné des Pascal on, 156–7 sciences, des arts et des métiers, 202–4, during the Reformation, 43 221–2, 253 family, 340, 479–80 Enfantin, Barthélemy Prosper, 288 Fanon, Frantz, 442–3 Entretien avec Monsieur de Sacy, 150–1 Farel, Guillaume, 42 Entretiens d’Ariste et d’Eugène, Les, 186 Faret, Nicolas, 175 Epictetus, 150–1 fascism, 451 Epicureanism, 110–12, 114–17, 120–1, 169 feminism, see also women

558

Index

Belle Époque, 426–7 French Communist Party (Parti communiste ‘difference’, 430–2 français, PCF), 416–17, 450–1, 492, 499, King Kong Théorie, 434–5 see also communism and literary theory, 497 French early modern thought materialist, 432–3 Aristotelianism, 55–9 Simone de Beauvoir and, 427–30 Cartesianism, 158–63 third wave, 433–4 Catholic spirituality, 141–8 Fénelon, François, 147 enlightened self-love, 180–2 Ferber, Michael, 314 literary, 97–103 Fernel, Jean, 33, 35 moral philosophy, 169 Ferrari, Joseph, 328 moralistes, 171–5 Ferry, Jules, 349, 376 neo-Stoicism, 59–61 Ficino, Marsilio, 85 Peter Bayle, 164–8 ﬁeld theory, 487 political, 175–8 First World War, 351, 379–80, 439 and Pyrrhonism, 64–6 Flaubert, Gustave, 320 Quarrel of the Ancients and Moderns, Fons vitae, 18 183–9 Fontenelle, Bernard de, 121–3 sceptics and freethinkers, 110–23 For Marx, 417–20, 421 social, 178–80 Fort inexpugnable de l’honneur du sexe textbook writing, 104–9 feminin, 193 French Enlightenment Foucault, Michel aesthetic, 256–62 Anthropology from a Pragmatic Point of View, colonialism and slavery, 271–8 458–9 deﬁned, 198–200 and anthropology of knowledge, 456–7 Diderot, 218–25 The Archaeology of Knowledge, 460–1 effect of Encyclopédie on, 202–4 on being, 466 global travel and indigenous people, 204–7 biopower and governmentality, 465 on historiography, 249–55 The Birth of the Clinic, 459 intellectual spaces and networks, 200–2 on Derrida, 476 political and social thought, 241–8 Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison, racism during, 354 462–3 reason and sensibility, 207–8 genealogical nature of work, 461–4 on religion, 234–40 The Genealogy of Morals, 461 Voltaire, 209–17 The History of Sexuality: An Introduction, women’s position in, 263–70 463–5 French language and literary theory, 495 and ‘difference’ feminism, 430–2 Madness and Civilization, 457–9 in liturgy during Reformation, 41 on Marxism, 424 promotion of, 97–100 The Order of Things, 459 protection of, 501 and power, 463–5 French nationalism and nation on representation of things, 460 concept of, 373 and structuralism, 461 and French Revolution, 373–4 Foucher, Simon, 159–60 intellectualism post-Second World War, Four Books of Sentences, 14 499–500 Fourier, Charles, 288 late nineteenth and early twentieth Francis I, King, 97 century, 377–82 Francogallia, 94 and Napoleonic era, 374–5 François de Meyronnes, 26 Second and Third Republic, 375–7 free market economic theory, 310–11 French Oratory, 145 free will, 233 French Reformation Freemasonry, 202 and Catholic spirituality, 141–2 freethinkers, 110–12, see also dissidents political and legal thought, 90–6

559

Index

French Reformation (cont.) Gift of Death, The, 471 reformers and dissidents, 41–6 Gilbert de la Porrée, 16 French Renaissance Gilson, Etienne, 386–7 demonology in, 83–9 Girard, René, 322, 393 humanism, 33–40 Glissant, Edouard, 441, 497 Pyrrhonism, 62–4 Gloss, 14 and Rabelais, 47–54 Gobineau, Arthur de, 357–8 French Revolution (1789) God, see also theology effects on religion, 331 Cartesianist view of, 161–3 historiography of, 395, 397–8 during the Enlightenment, 234–40 and liberalism, 450 Scotus’ ordained power of, 26 Marxist view of, 397–8 Voltaire on, 213 and nation concept, 373–4 Goldstein, Jan, 328 phases of, 281 Gottschalk of Orbais, 11 and Romanticism, 316 Gouvéa, André de, 37 and sociology, 478 governmentality, 465 troubled political history after, 498–9 grace French Romanticism, 313–22 Augustinianism, 170–1 French twentieth century Jansenist views on, 138–40 anti-colonialism in, 436–45 and Pascal, 152–3 Catholic Church in, 383–93 Grafﬁgny, F., 265 existentialism, 406–15 Grande Chirurgie, La, 24 feminism, 426–35 Grande Monarchie, La, 94 historiography, 394–405 Grégoire, Abbé, 355 literary theory, 488–97 Grene, Marjorie, 415 Marxism versus humanism in, 416–25 Grouchy, Nicolas de, 38 new liberalism in, 446–55 Guide of the Perplexed, 19 sociology, 477–87 Guillaumin, Colette, 432–4 Frère Jean (ﬁctitious character), 49–50 Guillaumin publishing, 305–7 friendship, 59 Guizot, François, 293 Fronde (civil war), 150, 172, 175 Guy de Chauliac, 24 Furet, François, 450 Guy du Faur de Pibrac, 60 Guyon, Madame, 147 Gallicanism, 142 Gambetta, L., 349 Habermas, Jürgen, 268, 475 Garat, Dominique Joseph, 235 habitus (concept), 486–7 Gargantua, 38, 47–8, 52 Haillan, Gerard du, 94 Gassendi, Pierre, 114–17, 119–21 Haitian Revolution, 437–8 Gauchet, Marcel, 453–4 Harmand, Jules, 361 gender Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, 224, 365, feminism and, 428–9 419–20, 460 in historiographies, 403 Heidegger, Martin, 491, 493 Genealogy of Morals, The, 461 Heiric, 12 Geneva School, 491 Henry, Michel, 386 Génie du Christianisme, 285 Henry of Ghent, 22 genre hierarchy (aesthetic), 258–9 Heptateuchon (Library of the Seven Liberal Arts), Gentillet, Innocent, 91 14, 15 geographies, historical, 398–9 Hernani, 315 Gerbert of Aurillac, 12 Hervé Nédellec (Hervaeus Natalis), 21–3 German idealism, 365 Hervet, Gentian, 64 Gerson, Jean, 31 Hesse, Carla, 288 Gersonides, 17–18 Histoire de France, 394–5, 405 Gift, The (essay), 484 Histoire des deux Indes, 236–7, 246

560

Index

Histoire et esprit: l’intelligence de l’ecriture Husserl, Edmund, 406, 408, 469 d’aprês Origène, 390 ‘Hymme des Daimons’, 84–5 Histoire naturelle de l’âme, 235–6 Histoire philosophique et politique des Idéologues, 324 établissemens et du commerce des ideology Européens dans les deux Indes, 275–7 and literary theory, 494 historiography and Marxism, 420–1, 424 based on evidence, 399–400 Imago mundi, 30 collective beliefs, 400–1 Imitation of Christ, 142 collective memory, 401–2 imperialism, 353–62 during the Enlightenment, 249–55 Inequality of Human Races, The, 357–8 nineteenth century, 394–5 Institutes of the Christian Religion, 42–3 post-colonial, 404–5 Interpreting the French Revolution, 450 Second World War, 402–3 Introduction à la vie dévote, 143 social and mental structures, 401 introspection, 326 twentieth century, 395–405 Irigaray, Luce, 431 women and gender, 403 Israel, Jonathan, 282 History of Scepticism from Erasmus to Ivo of Chartres, 13 Descartes, 64 History of Sexuality, The: An Introduction, 463–5 Jacob, M.C., 202 History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Jacques le fataliste, 223 Empire, 250 James, C. L. R., 438 Ho Chi Minh, 439 Jansenists Hobbes, Thomas, 242 and Encyclopédie, 203 Hobsbawm, Eric, 425 enlightened self-love, 180–1 Holy Communion (sacrament), 144 and Pascal, 150, 152–3 Holy Family (Catholic), 143 seventeenth-century beliefs, 135–40 Homenaz (ﬁctitious character), 50 and St Augustine, 135 hommes de lettres, 35 Jansenius, C., 136 Hotman, François, 94 Jaspers, Karl, 406 Houellebecq, Michel, 505 Jean de Mirecourt, 28 Hugh of Saint-Cher, 19 je-ne-sais-quoi (concept), 186–7 Hugo, Victor, 315 Jesuit order Huguenots and Encyclopédie, 203 as dissidents, 45 on grace, 138 and Machiavelli on tyrannical and Jansenists, 137–8 monarchs, 91–2 and Pascal, 152–3 Human, all too Human: A Book for Free public schools, 38 Spirits, 216 textbook writing, 104–8 human nature, see also being travels to China, 205 and Mauss, 483–4 twentieth-century theology, 387–8 and Rousseau, 228–9 Jews seventeenth-century view of, 171–5 and Christianity, 393 humanism and the Holocaust, 402–3 in French Renaissance, 33–40 in medieval French thought, 17–18 versus Marxism, 419–25 John of Jandun, 21 and Rabelais, 54 John of Nova Domus, 31 renewed interest in, 504 John of Paris, 25 humanisme dévot, 143 Julie ou la Nouvelle Héloise, 230–1, 266 Humanisme intégral: problèmes temporels et July Monarchy, 330, 374 spirituels d’une nouvelle chrétienté, 392 Kant, Immanuel, 327, 458–9 Hundred Years’ War, 30–1 Kempis, Thomas à, 142

561

Index

Khrushchev, Nikita, 416 Lecture on the True, the Beautiful and the Good, King Kong Théorie, 434–5 324, 325, 326, 327 knowledge, see also epistemology LeDoeuff, M., 265 Bergson on, 371 Lefebvre, Georges, 397 Diderot on, 220–1 LeFèvre d’Étaples, Jacques, 32, 35, 42 and Encyclopédie, 203 Lefort, Claude, 452–3 Pascal on, 152 L’Epicure spirituel, 169 Kristeller, Paul Oskar, 34 Leroux, Pierre, 328 Kristeva, Julia, 432, 494 Lesclache, Louis de, 108–9 Kuhn, Thomas, 419 L’Esprit de Spinoza, 239 L’Esquisse d’une théorie de la pratique, 486 L’A, B, C, ou dialogues entre A.B.C., 244 Letter to the Brethren of Mont-Dieu (Golden La Bruyère, J. de, 146, 175, 178–9 Letter), 13 La Ceppède, Jean de, 143 Letters upon the English Nation, 211–12 La Forge, L. de, 160–1 Lettre à d’Alembert, 287 La Mettrie, J.J.O. de, 235–6 Lettre sur la musique française, 260 La Mothe Le Vayer, F., 61, 112–14 Lettre sur les Aveugles, 226 La Muette de Portici, 315 Lettre sur les sourds et muets, 259 La Rochefoucauld, François de, 146, 171–5 Lettres philosophiques, 211–12, 244 L’Absolu littéraire, 493 Lettres provinciales, 144, 152–3, 178 Lacan, Jacques, 493 Levinas, Emmanuel, 471 Lachelier, Jules, 368 Lévi-Strauss, Claude, 470, 490–1 Laclos, Choderlos de, 266 L’Histoire de Charles XII, 253 Lacoue-Labarthe, Philippe, 493 L’Honnête homme ou l’art de plaire à la cour, 175 L’Action: essai d’une critique de la vie et d’une Liaisons dangereuses, Les, 266 science de la pratique, 384, 391 liberal arts, 10, 14 Laertius, Diogenes, 63 liberalism, 446–55, 473, 504 Lagrange, Marie-Joseph, 337 Liberté aux États-unis, La, 306 Lambin, Denis, 37 libertinage, 110–12, 114–17 Lamennais, Félicité de, 333, 339 Lilti, A., 199 Landes, Joan, 263, 268, 288 linguistics, 97–103 Lanfranc of Pavia, 13 Lipsius, Justus, 61 L’Année sociologique (journal), 483 literacy, 200–1 Lanson, G., 191 literary theory, 500–1 Laqueur, T., 269–70 literature Larrey, Dominique Jean, 357 banned, 238–40 Latin Christendom early modern, 100–3 in early modern France, 97 during the Enlightenment, 208 fourteenth-century divisions in, 23–30 Enlightenment censorship of, 235–7 thirteenth century, 19–23 existentialist, 409–10 laughter, 47–8 inﬂuencing the French Revolution, 281–4 Lavater, L., 87 libertine, 110–12 Le Bon, Gustave, 361 positivism in, 351 Le Caron, Louis, 92 querelle des femmes, 191–3 Le Doeuff, M., 267 relationship with painting, 259–60 Le Grand, A., 169 Romantic era, 313–22 Le Loyer, Pierre, 86n, 86 Sartre, 413–14 Le Play, Frédéric, 340, 479–80 twentieth-century literary theory, 488–97 Le Roy, Louis, 92, 94 women in, 265–7 Le Roy, Loys, 37 Littré, Émile, 337, 347 Le Saulchoir, 388–9 Livre de la cité des dames, 190 Leclerc, Annie, 430–1 Locke, John, 210–12 Lodges of Adoption, 202

562

Index

logic Maurras, Charles, 379–80, 392 and early modern scholastics, 108–9 Mauss, Marcel, 483–4 and Montaigne, 74 Maximes sur la comédie, 140, 146, 172–3 and Ramus, 71–2 Meaux circle, 41–2 reversibility, 87–8 mechanics, 369 Logique ou l’art de penser, La, 140n, 140 medicine Loi naturelle et les droits de l’homme, La, 455 Descartes on, 133 Lois de l’imitation, Les, 480–1 Diderot on, 219 Loisy, Alfred, 338 medieval French thought L’Opium des intellectuels, 448 ecclesiastical debate in, 11–12, 13 Louis IV, King, 101 ﬁfteenth and sixteenth centuries, 30–2 love, 321 fourteenth-century divisions in, 23–30 Loyola, Ignatius, 142 Jewish contributions to, 17–18 Lubac, Henri de, 389–90 on natural world, 12 Lucretius, 258n, 258 sixth and seventh centuries Luther, Martin, 41 ecclesiastical debate in, 12 Lutheranism, see also Calvinism education based on seven liberal arts, 10 and Augustinianism, 136 Gallo-Roman cultural decline during, 9 people executed for being, 45 John Scott Eriugena, 11 luxury, 261–2 thirteenth century lyric poetry, 319 new resources in, 18–19 university and mendicant friar, 19–23 Machiavelli, Niccolò, 90–3 twelfth century MacIntyre, Alasdair, 418 cathedral education in, 13–14 Madame Bovary, 320 Parisian schools, 14–17 Madness and Civilization, 457–9 Meditations on First Philosophy, 130–2, 137, 158–9 Maimonides, Moses, 18, 19 Meinecke, Friedrich, 217 Mairet, Jean, 101 Mémoires sur différents sujets de Maistre, Joseph de, 296–7, 333 mathématiques, 221 Malebranche, N., 140n, 140, 161–3, 181–2 Memoriale rerum difﬁcilium naturalium, 20 Malherbe, François de, 98–9 mendicant friars, 19 Manent, Pierre, 453–5 Mensonge romantique et vérité romanesque, 322 Manuel républicain de l’homme et du citoyen, 294 Merleau-Ponty, Maurice, 417 Mao Zedong, 416 Mesmes, Henri de, 38–9 Marcel, Gabriel, 386 metaphor (and Ramus), 69–70 Maritain, Jacques, 385 metaphysics Marriage of Philosophy and Mercury, The, 11 and Cartesianism, 159–61 Marrou, Henri-Irénée, 387 and Derrida, 467, 468–70 Marxism Descartes’, 127, 129–32 and anti-colonialism, 444 Michelet, Jules, 289, 394–5 Derrida on, 473 Mirror of Simple Souls, 24 disappearance of, 504 Modernism movement, 392–3 versus humanism, 416–25 Molina, Luis de, 138 and liberalism, 450 monarchy and literary theory, 494 absolute royal power, 94–5 and Sartre, 412–13 in Aristotelianism, 59 mass media, 502–3 and civil science, 95–6 materialism, see also evolution and the discouragement of political during the Enlightenment, 234–40 thought, 175 and feminism, 432–3 and Machiavelli, 90–3 in the nineteenth century, 338 and Montesquieu, 241–3 Matérialisme et la science, Le, 366 pre-French Revolution, 284–5 Matter and Memory, 371 and Rabelais, 50–1

563

Index

monarchy (cont.) and gender, 267 Reformation attacks on, 46 and racism, 354 and Rousseau, 247 and Ramus, 71–2 and Voltaire, 244–6 natural world monasteries and medieval French thought, 12, 13, 28–9 and medieval French thought, 13 Naudé, Gabriel, 114 seventeenth-century Catholic, 145–6 Nausea, 409 Mondain, Le, 244 Naya, E., 65 Monod, Gabriel, 396–7 négritude movement, 437, 439–41 Monologion, 13 neo-Platonism Montaigne, Michel de and demonology, 85 and Aristotelianism, 73–4 thirteenth century, 20 and demonology, 83 neo-Stoicism, 59–61 language, style of, 98 Nerval, Gérard de, 320, 321 on mortality, 74–8 Neveu de Rameau, Le, 224 and Pascal, 151 New World, 206–7 and Pyrrhonism, 64–6, 78–81 Newton, Isaac, 210–12 and religion and politics, 94 Nicolas of Autrecourt, 28 and Stoicism, 74–6 Nicole, Pierre, 140n, 140, 152, 173, 180–1 on tranquil sage, 60 Nicomachean Ethics, 55–9, 74, 104–5 women’s equality, 196 Nietzsche, Friedrich Montalembert, Charles de, 334 and Foucault, 462 Montesquieu, Charles-Louis de and Voltaire, 216 classical philosophy and self-government, nineteenth-century French thought 243–5 Catholic Church, 285, 332–4 on the English constitution, 293 positivism, 342–52 on historical chronology, 249 racism and imperialism, 353–62 historical narrative of, 251–2 religion, 331–41 monarchy, 241–3 socialism, 298–9 on oriental despotism, 205 Nizan, Paul, 286 and Rousseau, 230 No Exit (play), 412 on slavery, 273–4 nominalism, 24, 26, 30, 31 on the value of republics, 292 non-being (philosophy of), 11 and Voltaire, 245 Nora, Pierre, 401 moralistes, 146, 171–5 Noue, François de la, 91 morals, 133–4, see also virtue novel Mornet, Daniel, 282 and Diderot, 223 Morney, Phillippe du Plessis, 64 during the Enlightenment, 208 mortality, 74–8 Morton, Samuel, 357 occasionalism, 161–3 Mots et les choses, Les, 496 Ockham, William of, 26–7 Moyen court, 147 Odeurs de Paris, Les, 335 Mulieris, Adam Pulchrae, 20 Of the Truth of the Christian Religion, 64 mysticism, 147 Of Wisdom, 66 Offen, Karen, 289 Naigeon, Jacques-André, 238 Olivi, Peter John, 21 Nancy, Jean-Luc, 493 On Ecclesiastical Power, 25 Napoléon Bonaparte, 291–5, 374–5 On Grammatology, 467, 468, 470 natural philosophy On Predestination, 11 and Cartesianism, 159 On Royal and Papal Power, 25 and Cyrano de Bergerac, 118–19 On the Contemplation of God, 13 and demonology, 89 On the Education of Children, 53 and Descartes, 128–30 On the Nature and Dignity of Love, 13

564

Index

opera, 260 Pensées philosophiques, 219, 235–6 opportunity cost, 310 Pensées sur l’administration publique, 245 Opuscula sacra, 12 Periphyseon or Division of Nature ﬂorilegium, Order of Things, The, 459 11, 12 Oresme, Nicole, 28–9 Peter the Venerable, 13 organicism, 480 Petit Concile, 147, 179 Origins of Totalitarianism, The, Phénomène humain, Le, 388 451 phenomenology, 386, 408–9 Ourika, 355 Phenomenology of Spirit, The, 224, 460 Outlines of Pyrrhonism, 62 Philip the Chancellor, 19 Philosophe ignorant, Le, 213 Pagden, Anthony, 282 Philosophes salariés, Les, 328 painting, 259–60 Philosophia, 16 Paix et guerre entre les nations, 381 Philosophical Discourse of Modernity, The, 475 Pandectes, 92 Philosophie morale des Stoiques, La, 60 Panégyriques, 146 physics, 107–8 Pantagruel, 47–50, 48n Physiocrats, 276–8, 302 Panurge (ﬁctitious character), 49n, 49–50 Piketty, Thomas, 505 papal schism, 30–1 Piles, Roger de, 260 Parfum de Rome, Le, 335 Plato Paris Lodge of the Nine Sisters, 202 Derrida on, 469 Paris School of political economy, 301–11 in medieval French thought, 15–16 Parisian café, 202 Pocock, John, 198 Parisian physics, 27 poetry Parisian salons, 201 lyric, 319 Parisian schools Romantic era, 321–2 fourteenth-century Latin Christendom Police, la, 92–5 divisions, 23–30 political economy, 478 medieval French thought in, 14–17 political thought, see also social thought thirteenth-century Latin Christendom, Bonapartism, 298–9 19–23 civil science, 95–6 Parole de femme, 430 of Derrida, 472–4 Particules Elémentaires, Les, 505 during the Enlightenment, 241–8 Pascal, Blaise and Foucault, 465 and casuistry, 144 la police, 92–5 early life of, 149 liberalism, 446–55 Jansenist and Jesuit views of, 137–8 Paris School of political economy, 301–11 political thoughts of, 176–8 and racism, 360 theology of, 150–5 and Romanticism, 318 uncertainties around faith, 156–7 during the Second Republic, 291–5 Voltaire on, 212 seventeenth century, 175–8 wager argument, 155–6 socialism, 298 Pascal’s triangle, 149 twentieth-century Catholic, 391–3 Pasquier, Etienne, 94 Politiques d’Aristote, Les, 92 Passing of an Illusion, The, 450, 451 Pontecorvo, Gillo, 442 Passions of the Soul, 133–4 Popkin, R., 64–6, 112 Pateman, Carole, 267–8 Porète, Marguerite, 24 Paxton, Robert, 402 Porter, R., 198 Peau noire, masques blancs, 442 Port-Royal (monastery), 136–7, 139, 145–6, 151 Péguy, Charles, 393 positivism, 342–52, 396–7 Pelletier, Madeleine, 427 Posterior Analytics, 19 Pensée derrière la tête, La, 154n, 155 Post-Revolutionary Self, The, 328 Pensées, 153–7 post-structuralism, 467

565

Index

poverty, 306–7 and Erasmus, 48–9 power, 463–5 importance of laughter to, 47–8 Pratique du théâtre, La, 103 and monarchy, 50–1 Pratt, M-L., 205 and Pyrrhonism, 63 praxis (concept), 411–13 and religion, 49–50 preaching, 144–5 and spirit world, 85 Prince, Le, 90–3, 176 and war, 51–2 Princesse de Clèves, La, 140, 188 racism Principles of Philosophy, 130, 131–2, 159 and Barrès, 378 printing press, 36 during the Enlightenment, 206 Proslogion, 13 and Maurras, 379 Protestants and négritude movement, 437, 439–41 Bayle’s philosophy, 164–8 Raconis, Abra de, 107–8 and demonology, 86–7 Ramée, Pierre de la, see Ramus, Peter political authority and, 335 Ramus, Peter public schools, 38 and Aristotelianism, 67–8 and Pyrrhonism, 64 biography of, 67 during the Reformation, 41–6 and dialectric, 70–1 and Stoicism, 61 and logic, 71–2 Proudhon, Pierre-Joseph, 289 method of, 67 Provincial Letters, 137 redefining rhetoric, 68–70 psychoanalysis Rancé, Armand de, 145 Freudian, 493 Rancière, Jacques, 422, 424 and ideology, 421 Ravaisson, Félix, 367–8 and Sartre, 411–12 Raynal, Abbé, 236–7, 275–7 psychological sociology, 480–1 Reading Capital, 420, 421 public Latin schools (collèges), 37–8 realism Pygmalion et Galatée, 259–60 in the fifteenth century, 31 Pyrrhonism, see also scepticism fourteenth century, 24, 26–7, 30 defined, 62–6 Realms of Memory, 401 and Montaigne, 78–81 reason Bayle on, 165 quadrivium, 10 and Condorcet, 254–5 Quarrel of the Ancients and Moderns, 183–9, and the Enlightenment, 199, 207–8 246, 250, 261–2 and historical narrative, 250–1 Quart Livre, 49–50, 53, 85 Récherches de la France, 94 Quatrains, 60 Reflections on the Production and Distribution of querelle des femmes, see also women Wealth, 283 approaches to, 191 Réflexions critiques sur la poésie et la peinture, customs and equality, 195–7 257–8 defined, 190–1 Réflexions philosophiques et théologiques sur le as genre, 191–3 nouveau système de la nature et de la renovations to, 193–5 grâce, 162 Quesnay, François, 276–8 Réforme intellectuelle et morale de la France, Qu’est-ce qu’une Nation?, 375, 376 La, 375 Question, La, 286, 443 reformers, 41–5, see also evangelicals question des femmes, 289–90 Réfutation de l’éclectisme, 328 Questiones grammaticales, 12 Régis, Pierre-Sylvain, 160 Questions sur l’Encyclopédie, 212 Règle de Perfection, 142 quietism, 147 Regrets sur ma vieille robe de chambre, 262 Reign of Terror, 284–5 Rabelais, François religion and education, 52–4 Diderot on, 219

566

Index

and Eclecticism, 329 on the value of republics, 292 as enemy before French Revolution, 282 view on Enlightenment principles, 227 nineteenth century, 331–41 on women’s role, 267 and Romanticism, 317 Roussel, Nelly, 426 Rousseau on, 232 Rousso, Henri, 403 Remarks on the French Language, 99 Rules of Sociological Method, The, 482 Remigius, 12 Russian Revolution, 439 Renan, Ernest, 337, 348, 365, 375–6, 378 Renouvier, Charles, 294 sacraments Reprobationes excusationum Durandi, 22 during the Reformation, 43 Rêve de d’Alembert, Le, 237 seventeenth-century developments in, 144 Rêveries du promeneur solitaire, 233, 271 Sacy, Le Maistre de, 150–1 reversibility logic, 87–8 Sage des Stoiques, Le, 169 Révolution du langage poétique, La, 432, 494 Saint Genet, 414 revolutionary catechism, 450 Saint-Cyran, abbé de, 136–7 rhetoric saints lives (books), 146 and Aristotelianism, 59 Saint-Simon, Henri de, 285, 478, 479 and Ramus, 68–70 Sales, François de, 143 Ribot, Théodule, 351 salons, 201, 260–1 Ricœur, Paul, 422–3, 491 salvation (Jansenist views of), 138–40 Robespierre, Maximilien Sanchez, Francisco, 65–6 and the French Revolution, 291–2 Sartre, Jean-Paul and Reign of Terror, 285 and anti-colonialism, 443 and Rousseau, 230 The Devil and the Good Lord, 414 rococo style, 261 dialectical nominalism, 412–13 Rohault, Jacques, 160 early phenomenological psychology of, romantic socialism, 338 408–9 Romanticism, 313–22 fame of, 407 Romanticism: A Very Short Introduction, 314 feminism and, 427 Ronsard, Pierre de, 84–5 and Hegel, 410–11 Roscelin of Compiègne, 14–15 humanisms of, 409–10 Rouge et le noir, Le, 318, 320 and intellectualism after the Second World Rousseau, Jean-Jacques War, 499–500 on aesthetics, 260 Marxism of, 417 on colonialism and slavery, 271–3 post-war thinking of, 491 Confessions, 233 praxis and vision concepts, 411–12 and Diderot, 222 renowned literature of, 413–14 Emile, 231–2 Saint Genet, 414 enthusiasm for ancient politics, 247–8 Saussure, Ferdinand de, 490–1 global travel during, 205 Saussure, Léopold de, 361 on historical development of human Say, Jean-Baptiste, 301–4 development, 227–8 scepticism, see also Pyrrhonism on human nature, 228–9 in early modern philosophy, 112–14 intellectual revelation of, 226 and Pascal, 150–1 Julie ou la Nouvelle Héloise, 230–1 Voltaire on, 212–14 life of, 226 Scheler, Max, 410 on luxury, 261 Scholae physicae, 71–2 on monarchy, 247–8 scholasticism, see Aristotelianism on religion, 232 scholastics, see education Rêveries du promeneur solitaire, 233, 271 science rivalry with Voltaire, 214–15 and Cartesianism, 158–63 Social Contract, 229–30 and Catholicism, 335–8 value of feeling, 315 and Diderot, 222–4

567

Index

science (cont.) Sieyès, Abbé, 292 historical criticism of, 337 Silvanire, La, 101 Marxism as, 420–2 Silvester, Bernard, 16 and philosophy, 364 similitudes (Ramist), 71 and positivism, 344–5, 348, 350–1 slavery, 271–8 sensibility of during the Enlightenment, Smith, Adam, 208n, 208 207–8 Soboul, Albert, 397 and sociology, 478, 483–4 Social Contract, The, 229–30, 247, 267–8, 272, 374 twentieth century, 364–6 social economy theory, 302–4, 479–80 scientiﬁc racism, 353–62 social thought, see also political thought Scott, Joan, 288 challenge of change in, 339–40 Scotus, John Duns, 25–6 French early modern, 178–80 Scudéry, Madeleine de, 100 modern crisis in, 504–5 sculpture, 260 and the Quarrel of the Ancients and Searle, John R., 474–5 Moderns, 188–9 Second Empire and Rousseau, 227–30 idea of nation in, 375–6 and sociology, 477–87 logic during, 367 women during the Enlightenment, 264–70 political economy and, 478 socialism social economy theory in, 479–80 historiography of French, 397–8 Second Republic, 291–5 nineteenth century, 298–9 Second Vatican Council, 383 and Paris School of political economy, secularism 307–8 and Catholic Church, 333–4, 337–8, 384 romantic, 338 and positivism, 349–50 and Romanticism, 320 Second World War, 402–3 Society of Jesus, 142, 144 Selden, Raman, 488, 489 sociology, 477–87 self-knowledge Socrates, 77–81 and Montaigne, 80–2 solidarité, 295 and Romanticism, 316 Solitaires (male religious community), 137, 145 self-love Somnium Viridarii, 25 Augustinianism, 169–71 Song of Songs, 145, 147 seventeenth-century enlightened, 180–2 Sorbonne, see Collège de Sorbonne Seminary of Saint-Sulpice, 146 Sorrow and the Pity, The (ﬁlm), 402 Seminary of the Missions Étrangères, 146 Soumission, 505 Senault, Jean-François, 169 Souvenirs, 293 Seneca, 75–6 spectre, 86 Senghor, Léopold, 439–41 Speculum, 19 sensory knowledge Speech and Phenomena, 467, 469–70 and aesthetics, 257–8 Spinoza, Baruch, 214 Diderot on, 220–1 Spiritual Exercises, 142 Sertillanges, Antonin-Dalmace, 388 Staël, Germaine de, 297, 314, 318 Servetus, Michael, 45 Stalinism, 420–1 Seven Years’ War, 274 Stendhal, 318–19, 321 Sextus Empiricus, 62 Stoicism sexuality and Aristotelianism, 59–61 during the Enlightenment, 269–70 and Montaigne, 74–6 feminism and, 428 and Pascal, 150–1 and Foucault, 463–5 subsiding in seventeenth century, 169 and materialist feminists, 433 structuralism, 461 third wave, 433–4 studia, 19 Seyssel, Claude de, 94 sublime (concept), 186–7 Siècle de Louis XIV, Le, 244, 253–4 Suchon, G., 196

568

Index

Suicide, 482 Third Republic, 295–8, 333–5, 349–52, 376–7, Summa aurea, 19 384, 396 Summa de bono, 19 Thomism Summa Fratris Alexandri, 20 Dominicans as, 29 Summa philosophica quadripartita, 105–6 and the ethical life, 92 Supplément au Voyage de Bougainville, thirteenth-century doctrine of, 22 200–1, 264 twentieth century, 386–7 Surnaturel: études historiques, 390 Thompson, E.P., 423 suspension of judgement (epoché), Thou, Jacques Auguste de, 34 62 Tiers Livre, 85 Swift, Jonathan, 185–6 Timaeus, 15 Sylvie, 320 Time and Free Will, 368 Syntagma philosophicum, 116–17 Tocqueville, Alexis de, 281, 286–7, 293–4, 298 Système de la nature, 238 Todorov, Tzvetan, 489–90 Système de philosophie, 160 toleration Système de politique positive, 288 Bayle on, 166 S/Z, 494 Voltaire on, 214 totalitarianism, 452–3 Tableau philosophique des progrès successifs de Totality and Infinity, 471 l’esprit humain, 250–1 Touron, A., 65 Taillepied, Noël, 87 Traité de la comédie, 146 Taine, Hippolyte, 348 Traité de l’amour de Dieu, 143 Tarde, Gabriel, 480–1, 482 Traité de l’esprit de l’homme, 160–1 Teilhard de Chardin, Pierre, 388 Traité de physique, 160 Télémaque, 178–9 Traité d’économie politique, 301, 302 textbooks, 104–9 Traité des sensations, 324 That Nothing is Known, 66 Traité des trois imposteurs, 239 theatre Traité sur la tolérance, 214 and aesthetics, 259 Transcendence of the Ego, The, 408 and Diderot, 222–4 transcendental idealism, 327 and Sartre, 412, 415 travel (during Enlightenment), 204–7 seventeenth-century Catholic views Tristan, Flora, 320 of, 146 trivium theism, see God defined, 10 theology, see also God medieval French thought on, 12 Augustinianism, 135–40 and Ramus, 68–72 and demonology, 83–9 trope, 69 and Derrida, 476 truth, 165–6 early modern Catholic Church, 141–8 Turgot, Anne Robert Jacques, 250–1, 283 Jansenist, 138n, 138–40 Turnèbe, Adrien, 37 medieval French thought Two Books on the Hidden Causes of Things, 33 development of, 14–17 Two Sources of Morality and Religion, The, 363 fourteenth century, 24–5 tyrant Latin Christendom, 21–3 in Aristotelianism, 59 trinitarian, 14–15 and political liberty, 94 of Rabelais, 48 reformers and dissidents in the ultramontanes, 334 Reformation, 41–6 ultramontism, 296–7, 334–5 twentieth-century Catholic, 387–91 unconscious mind, 321 Theophrastus redivivus, 117 university Théorie de la littérature, 489–90 fifteenth century, 32 theory of relativity, 371–2 fourteenth century, 24–5 Thierry of Chartres, 15 and humanism, 37

569

Index

university (cont.) on tolerance, 214 and modern intellectualism, 501–2 writing style of, 209–10 thirteenth century, 19 Voyage en Egypte et en Syrie, University of Paris, 42 356

Valladier, André, 88n, 88 wager argument, 155–6 Vaugelas, Claude Favre de, 98–9 war Veuillot, Louis, 335 Algerian, 441–3 via antiqua, see realism First World War, 379–80, 439 via moderna, see nominalism Fronde (civil war), 150, 172, 175 Vichy France: Old Guard, New Order, 402 Hundred Years’, 30–1 Vichy Syndrome: History and Memory in France Rabelais on, 51–2 since 1944, 403 Second World War, 402–3 Vidal, Paul, 398–9 Wars of Religion (1562–98), 45, 91 Vidal-Naquet, Pierre, 403 Weil, Simone, 393 Vie de Jésus, 337, 378 Wilder, Gary, 441 Vie des Saints, 146 William Durant the Younger, 24–5 Vincent of Beauvais, 19 William of Auxerre, 19 Vindiciae contra Tyrannos, 91 William of Conches, 16 Violence et le sacré, La, 393 William of Saint-Thierry, 13 Virey, Julien-Joseph, 288 witchcraft, see demonology virtue, see also morals Wittig, Monique, 432–4 in Aristotelianism, 56–9 women, see also feminism; querelle des femmes Augustinianism, 170 during the Enlightenment, 263–70 and Montaigne, 76–7 as exemplars of language, 99 vision (concept), 411–12 in historiographies, 403 Volney, Constantin-François Chasseboeuf, and humanism, 39–40 Comte de, 357 Jansenist religious community of, Voltaire, François-Marie 136–7 on European superiority, 206 joining Freemasonry during on historical chronology, 249 Enlightenment, 202 historical narrative of, 253–4 and literature, 188–9 inﬂuences of Newton and Locke on, 210–12 pre-French Revolution, 287–90 legacy of, 215–17 and twentieth-century feminism, 426–35 on luxury, 261–2 Workers’ Union, The, 320 on monarchy, 244–6 Worms, René, 480 and Montesquieu, 245 Writing and Difference, 467 rivalry with Rousseau, 214–15 and scepticism, doubt, 212–14 Yale School, 476 on slavery, 272 spread of academies, 202 Zola, Émile, 351

570