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Und Sicherheitspolitik 2005-2015 Und Die Strategie Der Begrenzten

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Und Sicherheitspolitik 2005-2015 Und Die Strategie Der Begrenzten Florian Wassenberg Die polnische Außen- und Sicherheitspolitik 2005–2015 und die Strategie der begrenzten Unabh¨angigkeit Eine Analyse aus Sicht des rationalistischen Institutionalismus λογος Dissertation an der Kulturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Europa-Universität Viadrina Frankfurt (Oder) Datum der Disputation: 9. Juli 2018 Betreuer: Prof. Dr. Timm Beichelt Florian Wassenberg Die polnische Außen- und Sicherheitspolitik 2005–2015 und die Strategie der begrenzten Unabhängigkeit Eine Analyse aus Sicht des rationalistischen Institutionalismus Logos Verlag Berlin λογος Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.d-nb.de abrufbar. © Copyright Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH 2019 Alle Rechte vorbehalten. ISBN 978-3-8325-4836-0 Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH Comeniushof, Gubener Str. 47, D-10243 Berlin Tel.: +49(0)30/42851090 Fax: +49(0)30/42851092 http://www.logos-verlag.de Inhalt Abkürzungsverzeichnis ......................................................................................................... 5 Abbildungsverzeichnis .......................................................................................................... 7 1 Einleitung ........................................................................................................................ 9 1.1 Gegenstand und Fragestellung .............................................................................. 9 1.2 Stand der Forschung .............................................................................................. 17 1.3 Der rationalistische Institutionalismus als analytische Linse .......................... 21 1.4 Methodik: Qualitatives Fallstudiendesign ......................................................... 28 1.5 Vorgehen und Aufbau der Arbeit ........................................................................ 35 2 Sicherheitspolitik aus Sicht des rationalistischen Institutionalismus .................. 37 2.1 Sicherheitspolitikanalyse in Zeiten theoretischer Vielfalt ................................ 37 2.2 Einordnung des rationalistischen Institutionalismus ....................................... 43 2.3 Staaten als einheitliche, begrenzt rationale Akteure ......................................... 44 2.4 Interdependenz als Voraussetzung zwischenstaatlicher Kooperation .......... 47 2.5 Entstehung und allgemeine Funktion internationaler Institutionen .............. 51 2.6 Die spezifische Funktion von Sicherheitsinstitutionen .................................... 54 2.7 Relevanz und Effektivität Internationaler Organisationen .............................. 56 2.8 Effekte von Sicherheitsorganisationen auf staatliche Sicherheitspolitik ........ 60 2.9 Der rationalistische Institutionalismus und seine Kritiker .............................. 62 3 Akteure der polnischen Außen- und Sicherheitspolitik ........................................ 69 3.1 Grundlegende Überlegungen zu sicherheitspolitischen Akteuren ................ 69 3.2 Die Anfangsjahre der Dritten Republik .............................................................. 71 3.3 Nach der großen Verfassungsreform .................................................................. 75 3.4 Fazit .......................................................................................................................... 81 4 Bedrohungsperzeption der sicherheitspolitischen Akteure Polens ..................... 83 4.1 Theoretische und methodische Vorbemerkung ................................................ 83 4.2 Die Perzeption sicherheitspolitischer Risiken 2005-2007 ................................. 85 4.3 Die Perzeption sicherheitspolitischer Risiken 2007-2015 ................................. 87 4.4 Fazit .......................................................................................................................... 93 5 Fallstudie I: Polens militärische Sicherheitspolitik ................................................. 95 5.1 Ausgangslage .......................................................................................................... 95 5.2 Militärische Sicherheitspolitik unter der PiS, 2005-2007 .................................. 98 5.2.1 Funktion und Effektivität internationaler Sicherheitsorganisationen .... 98 5.2.2 Bilaterale Kooperation .................................................................................. 105 5.2.3 Unilaterale Maßnahmen und Aktivitäten ................................................. 110 5.3 Militärische Sicherheitspolitik unter PO/PSL, 2007-2015 .............................. 112 5.3.1 Funktion und Effektivität internationaler Sicherheitsorganisationen .. 112 5.3.2 Bilaterale Kooperation .................................................................................. 126 5.3.3 Unilaterale Maßnahmen und Aktivitäten ................................................. 132 5.4 Fazit ........................................................................................................................ 138 6 Fallstudie II: Polens Energiesicherheitspolitik ...................................................... 141 6.1 Polens Energieversorgungslage ......................................................................... 141 6.2 Energiesicherheitspolitik unter der PiS, 2005-2007 ......................................... 144 6.2.1 Funktion und Effektivität internationaler Sicherheitsorganisationen .. 145 6.2.2 Bilaterale Kooperation .................................................................................. 153 6.2.3 Unilaterale Maßnahmen und Aktivitäten ................................................. 155 6.3 Energiesicherheitspolitik unter PO/PSL, 2007-2015 ....................................... 157 6.3.1 Funktion und Effektivität internationaler Sicherheitsorganisationen .. 158 6.3.2 Bilaterale Kooperation .................................................................................. 166 6.3.3 Unilaterale Maßnahmen und Aktivitäten ................................................. 171 6.4 Fazit ........................................................................................................................ 176 7 Schlussbetrachtung.................................................................................................... 179 Quellenverzeichnis ............................................................................................................. 185 A. Primärquellen ............................................................................................................ 185 B. Sekundärquellen ........................................................................................................ 195 Anhang ................................................................................................................................. 221 Abkürzungsverzeichnis AU Afrikanische Union BBN Biuro Bezpieczeństwa Narodowego [Nationaler Sicherheitsrat] BIP Bruttoinlandsprodukt CBOS Centrum Badania Opinii Społecznej [Zentrum für öffentliche Meinungsforschung] CCS Carbon Capture and Storage EG Europäische Gemeinschaft EGKS Europäische Gemeinschaft für Kohle und Stahl EIA Energy Information Agency EPAA European Phased Adaptive Approach ERI European Reassurance Initiative ESVP Europäische Sicherheits- und Verteidigungspolitik EU Europäische Union GSVP Gemeinsame Sicherheits- und Verteidigungspolitik GV Große Verfassung HLDG High Level Defense Group HV Hohe Vertreterin IB Internationale Beziehungen KV Kleine Verfassung LNG Liquified Natural Gas LPR Liga Polskich Rodzin [Liga Polnischer Familien] LV Lissabonner Vertrag Nato North Atlantic Treaty Organization NRF Nato Response Force NSS National Security Strategy OSW Ośrodka Studiów Wschodnich [Zentrum für Oststudien] OSZE Organisation für Sicherheit und Zusammenarbeit in Europa OWK Ost-West-Konflikt PAA Państwowa Agencja Atomistyki [Staatliche Atombehörde] PfP Partnership for Peace PGE Polska Grupa Energetyczna [Polnische Energiegruppe] PGNiG Polskie Górnictwo Naftowe i Gazownictwo S.A. [Polnische Öl- und Gasgesellschaft] PiS Prawo i Sprawiedliwość [Recht und Gerechtigkeit] PISM Polski Instytut Spraw Międzynarodowych [Polnisches Institut für Internationale Angelegenheiten] RI Rationalistischer Institutionalismus SLD Sojusz Lewicy Demokratycznej [Bündnis der Demokratischen Linken] SM Standard Missile SSZ Ständige Strukturierte Zusammenarbeit UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization VJTF Very High Readiness Joint Task Force WEU Westeuropäische Union Abbildungsverzeichnis Abb. 1: Anteil der polnischen Bevölkerung, die Russland und Deutschland als Bedrohung wahrnehmen ..................................................................................................... 92 Abb. 2: Entwicklung des polnischen Verteidigungshaushaltes 1988 - 2015................. 98 Abb. 3: Polnischer Endenergieverbrauch im Jahr 2005 nach Sektoren ....................... 141 Abb. 4: Polens Energieerzeugung nach Energieträgern im Jahr 2005 ......................... 142 Abb. 5: Bestehende und geplante Gasleitungen von Polen ins benachbarte Ausland ................................................................................................................................ 170 1 Einleitung 1.1 Gegenstand und Fragestellung Nach einer langen Phase des Bedeutungsverlustes mit Ende des Ost-West-Konfliktes (OWK) hat die Außen- und Sicherheitspolitik1 in Europa zuletzt wieder spürbar an Bedeutung
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