August Zaleski Papers, 1919-1981
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They Fought for Independent Poland
2019 Special edition PISMO CODZIENNE Independence Day, November 11, 2019 FREE AGAIN! THEY FOUGHT FOR INDEPENDENT POLAND Dear Readers, The day of November 11 – the National Independence Day – is not accidentally associated with the Polish military uni- form, its symbolism and traditions. Polish soldiers on almost all World War I fronts “threw on the pyre their lives’ fate.” When the Polish occupiers were drown- ing in disasters and revolutions, white- and-red flags were fluttering on Polish streets to mark Poland’s independence. The Republic of Poland was back on the map of Europe, although this was only the beginning of the battle for its bor- ders. Józef Piłsudski in his first order to the united Polish Army shared his feeling of joy with his soldiers: “I’m taking com- mand of you, Soldiers, at the time when the heart of every Pole is beating stron- O God! Thou who from on high ger and faster, when the children of our land have seen the sun of freedom in all its Hurls thine arrows at the defenders of the nation, glory.” He never promised them any bat- We beseech Thee, through this heap of bones! tle laurels or well-merited rest, though. On the contrary – he appealed to them Let the sun shine on us, at least in death! for even greater effort in their service May the daylight shine forth from heaven’s bright portals! for Poland. And they never let him down Let us be seen - as we die! when in 1920 Poland had to defend not only its own sovereignty, but also entire Europe against flooding bolshevism. -
Polish Mathematicians and Mathematics in World War I. Part I: Galicia (Austro-Hungarian Empire)
Science in Poland Stanisław Domoradzki ORCID 0000-0002-6511-0812 Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszów (Rzeszów, Poland) [email protected] Małgorzata Stawiska ORCID 0000-0001-5704-7270 Mathematical Reviews (Ann Arbor, USA) [email protected] Polish mathematicians and mathematics in World War I. Part I: Galicia (Austro-Hungarian Empire) Abstract In this article we present diverse experiences of Polish math- ematicians (in a broad sense) who during World War I fought for freedom of their homeland or conducted their research and teaching in difficult wartime circumstances. We discuss not only individual fates, but also organizational efforts of many kinds (teaching at the academic level outside traditional institutions, Polish scientific societies, publishing activities) in order to illus- trate the formation of modern Polish mathematical community. PUBLICATION e-ISSN 2543-702X INFO ISSN 2451-3202 DIAMOND OPEN ACCESS CITATION Domoradzki, Stanisław; Stawiska, Małgorzata 2018: Polish mathematicians and mathematics in World War I. Part I: Galicia (Austro-Hungarian Empire. Studia Historiae Scientiarum 17, pp. 23–49. Available online: https://doi.org/10.4467/2543702XSHS.18.003.9323. ARCHIVE RECEIVED: 2.02.2018 LICENSE POLICY ACCEPTED: 22.10.2018 Green SHERPA / PUBLISHED ONLINE: 12.12.2018 RoMEO Colour WWW http://www.ejournals.eu/sj/index.php/SHS/; http://pau.krakow.pl/Studia-Historiae-Scientiarum/ Stanisław Domoradzki, Małgorzata Stawiska Polish mathematicians and mathematics in World War I ... In Part I we focus on mathematicians affiliated with the ex- isting Polish institutions of higher education: Universities in Lwów in Kraków and the Polytechnical School in Lwów, within the Austro-Hungarian empire. -
Stanislaw Mikolajczyk Papers
http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/tf658004nd No online items Register of the Stanislaw Mikolajczyk papers Finding aid prepared by Zbigniew L. Stanczyk Hoover Institution Library and Archives © 2000 434 Galvez Mall Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305-6003 [email protected] URL: http://www.hoover.org/library-and-archives Register of the Stanislaw 78111 1 Mikolajczyk papers Title: Stanislaw Mikolajczyk papers Date (inclusive): 1899-1966 Collection Number: 78111 Contributing Institution: Hoover Institution Library and Archives Language of Material: In Polish and English Physical Description: 208 manuscript boxes, 9 oversize boxes, 5 phonodiscs(94.2 Linear Feet) Abstract: Correspondence, speeches and writings, reports, notes, newsletters, clippings, photographs, tape recordings, motion picture film, and printed matter, relating to communism in Eastern Europe and Poland, agriculture in Poland, Polish politics, especially during World War II, Polish-Soviet relations, the International Peasant Union, the Polskie Stronnictwo Ludowe, and Polish emigre politics. Creator: Mikołajczyk, Stanisław, 1901-1966 Hoover Institution Library & Archives Access Original phonodiscs are restricted; digital access copies are available in the reading room. The remainder of the collection is open for research; materials must be requested at least two business days in advance of intended use. Publication Rights For copyright status, please contact the Hoover Institution Library & Archives. Preferred Citation [Identification of item], Stanislaw Mikolajczyk Papers, [Box no., Folder no. or title], Hoover Institution Library & Archives. Alternative Form Available Also available on microfilm (233 reels). Digital copy in Poland's National Digital Archive at http://szukajwarchiwach.pl/800/22/0/-/ . It was digitized from microfilm by the Polish State Archives. -
Ojcowie Niepodległości
OJCOWIE NIEPODLEGŁOŚCI PIŁSUDSKI DMOWSKI PADEREWSKI WITOS KORFANTY DASZYŃSKI FATHERS OF INDEPENDENCE Autorzy wystawy: dr Zofia Fenrych, Mateusz Lipko Współpraca: Grzegorz Czapski, Maciej Frycz, Paweł Miedziński, Magdalena Ruczyńska, dr Paweł Skubisz, prof. Włodzimierz Suleja Redakcja i tłumaczenie: Grażyna Waluga Projekt wystawy: Krzysztof Drumiński, Jakub Walkowicz (2code.pl) Odbudowa państwa Prezentujemy następujące postaci: polskiego po 123 latach Józef Piłsudski, Roman niewoli była wydarzeniem Dmowski, Ignacy Jan przełomowym. Wysiłek wielu Paderewski, Wincenty Witos, Polaków, trud i ofiara Wojciech Korfanty poniesiona na frontach i Ignacy Daszyński. I wojny światowej oraz Jest wśród nich artysta, są dyplomaci, żołnierze i politycy, aktywne działania a także działacze społeczni. Reprezentowali różne poglądy polityczne, różnili się dyplomatyczne przynależnością społeczną i religią, urodzili się pod doprowadziły do narodzenia różnymi zaborami. Mimo to potrafili zjednoczyć się wokół jednego, się II Rzeczypospolitej. nadrzędnego celu: NIEPODLEGŁOŚCI. Nie oznaczało to, że we wszystkim byli zgodni i we wszystkim wzorowo Liderami tego procesu byli współdziałali. tytułowi Ojcowie Pozostali wierni własnym poglądom, ale wykorzystując sprzyjające warunki zewnętrzne, poprowadzili Polaków Niepodległości. ku WOLNOŚCI. Stanisław Bagieński, Rozbrajanie Niemców przed Główną Komendą na placu Saskim w Warszawie, 1939, olej na płótnie / Muzeum Wojska Polskiego w Warszawie Stanisław Bagieński, The disarming of Germans in front of the Headquarters at Saski -
In the Shadow of the War: Bolshevik Perceptions of Polish Subversive and Military Threats to the Soviet Union, 1920-32
Whitewood, Peter (2019) In the Shadow of the War: Bolshevik Perceptions of Polish Subversive and Military Threats to the Soviet Union, 1920-32. Journal of Strategic Studies. p. 1. Downloaded from: http://ray.yorksj.ac.uk/id/eprint/3946/ The version presented here may differ from the published version or version of record. If you intend to cite from the work you are advised to consult the publisher's version: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01402390.2019.1640120 Research at York St John (RaY) is an institutional repository. It supports the principles of open access by making the research outputs of the University available in digital form. Copyright of the items stored in RaY reside with the authors and/or other copyright owners. Users may access full text items free of charge, and may download a copy for private study or non-commercial research. For further reuse terms, see licence terms governing individual outputs. Institutional Repository Policy Statement RaY Research at the University of York St John For more information please contact RaY at [email protected] 1 In the Shadow of the War: Bolshevik Perceptions of Polish Subversive and Military Threats to the Soviet Union, 1920-32 Peter Whitewood Abstract: This article examines Soviet perceptions of subversive and military threats from Poland to the Soviet Union in the 1920s and early 1930s. Drawing on archival materials from the Soviet foreign ministry, Communist Party leadership and security organs, it shows how the Soviet leadership held exaggerated fears about Polish threats to the Soviet western border regions and military intervention. -
1918 Czworka I-IV.Vp
P D D KOMITET REDAKCYJNY Przewodniczący Sławomir Dębski Wiceprzewodniczący i redaktor naczelny Włodzimierz Borodziej Członkowie zwyczajni Jerzy W. Borejsza, Bogdan Grzeloński, Magdalena Hułas, Aleksander Kochański, Jan Kopiec, Marek Kornat, Maciej Koźmiński, Andrzej Kunert, Zbigniew Landau, Piotr Łossowski, Paweł Machcewicz, Andrzej Paczkowski, Wojciech Rojek, Adam Daniel Rotfeld, Krzysztof Ruchniewicz, Ryszard Stemplowski, Jerzy Tomaszewski, Piotr Wandycz, Wojciech Wrzesiński, Stanisław Żerko Członkowie ex officio dyrektor Archiwum MSZ – Małgorzata Mroczkowska Naczelny Dyrektor Archiwów Państwowych – Sławomir Radoń dyrektor Archiwum Akt Nowych – Tadeusz Krawczak Sekretarz Piotr Długołęcki DOKUMENTY DYPLOMATYCZNE listopad–grudzień REDAKTOR Sławomir Dębski WSPÓŁPRACA Piotr Długołęcki POLSKI INSTYTUT SPRAW MIĘDZYNARODOWYCH WARSZAWA 2008 Wydawca dziękuje Archiwum Akt Nowych za pomoc udzieloną przy powstawaniu publikacji © POLSKI INSTYTUT SPRAW MIĘDZYNARODOWYCH 2008 www.pism.pl OPRACOWANIE WYDAWNICZE Marta Przyłuska-Brzostek Jolanta Rudzińska INDEKS OSOBOWY Maria Konopka-Wichrowska INDEKS RZECZOWY Marta Przyłuska-Brzostek REDAKCJA TECHNICZNA Dorota Dołęgowska PROJEKT OKŁADKI Dorota Dołęgowska ISBN: 978-83-89607-54-6 POLSKI INSTYTUT SPRAW MIĘDZYNARODOWYCH UL. WARECKA 1A, 00-950 WARSZAWA Druk: Drukarnia nr 1, 02-521 Warszawa, ul. Rakowiecka 37 SPIS TREŚCI W S T Ę P . .V I I L I S T A D O K U M E N T Ó W . .X I X D O K U M E N T Y . .1 A N E K S . .4 1 3 W Y K A Z S K R Ó T Ó W . .4 2 1 I N D E K S R Z E C Z O W Y . .4 2 3 I N D E K S O S O B O W Y . .4 3 3 WSTĘP W roku 1918, sto dwadzieścia trzy lata po ostatnim rozbiorze Polski, w toku pierwszej w dziejach ludzkości wojny powszechnej, dla sprawy polskiej zaczęła się kształtować wyjątkowo korzystna koniunktura. -
Protection of Poland's Volhynian Ukrainian Minority, 1921-1939
Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2009 The Failure of the Entente: Protection of Poland's Volhynian Ukrainian Minority, 1921-1939 Suzanne Elizabeth Scott Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES THE FAILURE OF THE ENTENTE: PROTECTION OF POLAND’S VOLHYNIAN UKRAINIAN MINORITY, 1921-1939 By SUZANNE ELIZABETH SCOTT A Thesis submitted to the Department of History in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Degree Awarded: Summer Semester, 2009 The members of the committee approve the thesis of Suzanne Elizabeth Scott defended on June 24, 2009. Edward Wynot Professor Directing Thesis Jonathan Grant Committee Member Robert Romanchuk Committee Member The Graduate School has verified and approved the above named committee members. ii For Bernard Szabo iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS There have been many, many people along the way who have helped with research and/or encouraged me. First and foremost, I would like to thank my committee members for the countless hours spent discussing sources and instructing me in Russian and Ukrainian. I would also like to thank the people who helped direct my research at various institutions. Vadim Altskan, the program coordinator for the International Archival Division in the Center for Advanced Holocaust Studies at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington, D.C. bantered with me in Ukrainian and loaned me his copy of Shmuel Spector’s The Holocaust of Volhynian Jews, 1941-1944. Not an ideal “bed time story,” but vital for this thesis. -
Eg Phd, Mphil, Dclinpsychol
This thesis has been submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for a postgraduate degree (e.g. PhD, MPhil, DClinPsychol) at the University of Edinburgh. Please note the following terms and conditions of use: This work is protected by copyright and other intellectual property rights, which are retained by the thesis author, unless otherwise stated. A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the author. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the author. When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given. The Polish School of Medicine at the University of Edinburgh (1941-1949) A case study in the transnational history of Polish wartime migration to Great Britain Michał Adam Palacz Doctor of Philosophy The University of Edinburgh 2015 Abstract of Thesis More than 400 Polish medical refugees were associated with the Polish School of Medicine (PSM) at the University of Edinburgh between 1941 and 1949. This dissertation argues that the history of the PSM can fully be understood only as a part of the refugees’ broader experience of impelled or forced migration during and immediately after the Second World War. The key findings of this case study demonstrate that the opportunity to study or work at the PSM enabled the majority of Polish exiles to overcome, to a varying extent, their refugee predicament, while medical qualifications, transferable skills and trans-cultural competency obtained in wartime Britain allowed them to pursue professional and academic careers in different countries of post-war settlement, thus in turn contributing to a global circulation of medical knowledge and practice, especially between the University of Edinburgh and Poland. -
Historicizing German Depictions of Poles, 1919-1934 THESIS
Das Deutsche Polenbild: Historicizing German Depictions of Poles, 1919-1934 THESIS Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Paul N Niebrzydowski Graduate Program in History The Ohio State University 2012 Master's Examination Committee: Alan Beyerchen, Advisor James Bartholomew Christopher Otter Copyright by Paul N Niebrzydowski 2012 Abstract After the armistice that marked the end of the Great War, the continuing conflict on Germany’s eastern border contributed to the weakened German self-image. Poles, newly confident and militaristic after having witnessed the rebirth of their nation, stood as a perceived, and oftentimes real, threat to the German state and identity. The present work explores how the experience of conflict between Germans and Poles on Germany’s eastern border contributed to a change in inflection of German stereotypes of Poles. Though still bearing the mark of 19 th century stereotypes, which cast the Poles as backward and fit to be colonized, interwar propaganda added an image of Poles as an aggressive and militaristic threat to the German identity. The uprising in Posen and the administration of the Upper Silesian plebiscite stood out in Germans' minds as examples of Germany's weakening sovereignty, not only in the face of its neighbor, but also at the hands of the Allies. When the Nazis came to power, they employed a renewed rhetoric of colonization of the east. Whereas Germany's colonies had been lost after the Great War, the Third Reich hoped to once again colonize the east. -
Poland First to Fight
Poland First to Fight Poland First to Fight Bogusław Kopka, Paweł Kosiński Muzeum ii Wojny Światowej Gdańsk 2018 Poland was the first country to firmly resist the brutal expansion of the totalitarian powers that were utterly indifferent to the rights of weaker countries. Poland’s armed resistance to German aggression on September 1, 1939, was a turning point in world politics towards the Third Reich. Contrary to the hopes of Adolf Hitler, on the third day after the commencement of military operations the German attack on Poland transformed into a world war. Two-turret and single turret Vickers E light tanks with crews On September 3, the United Kingdom and France ful- of the 11th armoured battalion filled their commitments to Poland by declaring war during exercises. Rembertowo, on Germany, although for eight months they waged summer, 1939 a strange war (the Phoney War) after passively observ- Photo H. Poddębski, MIIWŚ ing the struggle and military defeat of the Republic of Poland. Two weeks later – in accordance with the Czołgi lekkie Vickers E w wersji jedno i dwuwieżowej z załogami provisions of the Hitler-Stalin Pact (August 23, 1939) – z 11. batalionu pancernego the Soviet Union attacked Poland. w czasie ćwiczeń. Rembertowo, lato 1939 r. The six-year war gradually spilled onto successive con- Fot. H. Poddębski, MIIWŚ tinents and eventually spread to most of the world. The fortunes of the Allied and Axis forces changed many times. The most difficult period for the anti-Hitler coalition was between the summers of 1940 and 1941. 5 The most spectacular shifts of the front were experienced by the USSR, which was forced into the Allied camp by the Germans themselves. -
When a Nation Is Being Murdered” – the Secret Biological and Chemical War Against the Third Reich
Zeszyty Naukowe AON nr 2 (103) 2016 ISSN 0867–2245 HISTORIA WOJSKOWOŒCI ”WHEN A NATION IS BEING MURDERED” – THE SECRET BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL WAR AGAINST THE THIRD REICH Robert PETERSEN, Ph.D. Centre for Biosecurity and Biopreparedness, Denmark Abstract During the Second World War, the Polish resistance movement used chemical and biological weapons (CBW) against the Nazi occupation in Poland and inside the Third Reich. This subject is under growing scrutiny in modern-day Poland, but remains largely unknown outside the country. By using a wide range of sources (including Polish and German wartime records) this paper attempts to reconstruct what happened. Key words: chemical and biological warfare, Home Army, second world war Introduction The Second World War in Europe began with the German invasion of Poland in 1939. Over the following six years, the Poles were victims of severe persecution and genocide, thereby losing six million citizens (or 22 percent of the population). Half of the victims were Polish Jews1. While suffering at the hands of foreign occupiers, the Poles also developed one of the most sophisticated resistance movements during the war. The first named ZWZ (Związek Walki Zbrojnej, Union of Armed Struggle) and renamed AK (Armia Krajowa, Home Army) in 1942 was meant to be a secret Polish army loyal to the Polish Government-in-Exile. At its peak in 1944, the AK probably had about 380,000 members, although only a small percentage of them were properly armed2. A significant part of the AK perished during the Warsaw Uprising in August-October 1944, when they tried and failed to liberate the Polish 1 Richard C. -
Remembrance for Poles Who Saved Jews
MONDAY, 26 MARCH 2018 DZIENNIK ZACHODNI A SUPPLEMENT PREPARED WITH SUBSTANTIVE COLLABORATION OF THE INSTITUTE OF NATIONAL National Day of REMEMBRANCE Remembrance for Poles who saved Jews Jarosław Szarek, PhD, President of IPN: Let’s celebrate the National Day of Remembrance for Poles who saved Jews Distinctions for pinpoint the actual date when the word “Righteous” was used for the first time in relation to someone Humanity who helped Jews. It has been in use officially since 1963. The title of Dorota Koczwańska-Kalita PhD, such strict regulation, many the extent of these risks was Emanuel Ringelblum, a historian Righteous Among the Nations can Head of the IPN Delegation in Poles decided to engage in acts incomparable. of the ghetto, appealed for be awarded after a commission Kielce of humanity. Szymon Datner in It appears that, in general recognising such actions with recognises that the saved person his "Las sprawiedliwych. Karta terms, the dilemma could be an “order for humanitarianism” was a Jew and the rescuer was not, he outbreak of z dziejów ratownictwa Żydow solved in four ways: the first in future Poland. Julian and that the help did not involve World War 2 in w okupowanej Polsce" with would be to turn the Jew in Aleksandrowicz, a great scholar any benefit. Poles constitute 1939 irreversibly uncanny accuracy describes to his pursuers in accordance from Kraków, requested the the largest group among the changed the the situation of people seeking with the ‘law’ imposed by the Israeli government to create a Righteous Among the Nations, world. The help and those who were asked invader, which equalled a death Chapter of the Commander’s with nearly seven thousand period through for help.