Zootaxa 2892: 47–52 (2011) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2011 · Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) The identity of Paratrizygia conformis Tonnoir (Diptera, Mycetophilidae), with comments on its systematic position DALTON DE SOUZA AMORIM1,3, SARAH SIQUEIRA OLIVEIRA1 & ERICA MCALISTER2 1Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandei- rantes 3900, 14.040–901 Ribeirão Preto SP, BRAZIL 2Department of Entomology, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, UK 3Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Paratrizygia conformis, the type–species of the genus Paratrizygia, from Tasmania, is redescribed from the holotype. The wing venation and male terminalia are illustrated in detail. The question of the monophyly of the genus—which has four additional species in Chile and southern Argentina, and four species in the Atlantic Forest, in Brazil—is addressed. Com- ments are made on the relationships of the genus in the Azana–group of Sciophilinae. The hypothesis of monophyly of Paratrizygia is retained, as indicated by the presence of modified, elongated spines on a distal fold of tergite 9. Key words: Paratrizygia, Sciophilinae, Mycetophilidae, taxonomy, redescription Introduction Mycetophilidae are the second most diverse family of Bibionomorpha, after Cecidomyiidae, with more than 4,100 described species worldwide (Evenhuis et al. 2007). Seven subfamilies may be recognized in the family, Sciophili- nae s.s., Gnoristinae, Mycomyinae, Leiinae, Allactoneurinae, Manotine, and Mycetophilinae (e.g. Väisänen 1984, 1986, Amorim & Oliveira 2008, Rindal et al. 2009). As discussed by Väisänen (1986), the Sciophilinae s.l., includ- ing most of these subfamilies as tribes, would constitute a paraphyletic grouping in the classification of the Myce- tophilidae. Some authors also give subfamilial rank to the Gnoristine tribe Metanepsini (Väisänen 1984, Ševčik & Hippa 2010), though doing this would probably make the Gnoristinae paraphyletic (Kallweit 1998). The Sciophili- nae include 36 genera (Amorim et al. 2008), though it may not be a monophyletic group (Søli 1997, Rindal et al. 2009). Paratrizyigia Tonnoir was described from a single species from Tasmania, known only from one male speci- men. In the genus, both the anterior and the posterior forks are incomplete, and there is a detached vein between the medial and cubital veins, possibly M4 (Oliveira & Amorim 2010). Freeman (1951) subsequently described three Neotropical species of Paratrizygia from southern Chile and Argentina, indicating that the only relevant difference between the Australian and the South American species would be the presence of R4 in the type–species, absent in the Neotropical representatives. Duret (1984) added one more species to the genus also from southern Argentina and Chile, and a further four species from the southern Atlantic Forest in Brazil were recently described (Oliveira & Amorim 2010). The holotype of Paratrizygia conformis Tonnoir, however, was considered formally missing from the Austra- lian Museum collection (Bugledich 1999: 269). Oliveira & Amorim (2010) mentioned that an examination of the genotype of Paratrizygia would be necessary to determine if the Neotropical species assigned to the genus were actually congeneric with the type-species. A proper morphological examination would provide a greater under- standing of the evolution of the genus and determine its possible position within the Sciophilinae. Contacts with multiple museum curators led to the rediscovery of the holotype of P. conformis in the Natural History Museum of London—borrowed by Paul Freeman (1916–2010) in the 1940s and never returned. In this Accepted by P.H. Kerr: 21 Apr. 2011; published: 26 May 2011 47 paper, P. conformis is redescribed based on the holotype and the question of the monophyly of the genus with the inclusion of the Neotropical species is addressed. Material and methods We have examined the holotype of Paratrizygia conformis Tonnoir, originally deposited in the Australian National Insect Collection (ANIC), Canberra, Australia. The labels pinned with the holotype are: “Cradle Val. / 29 Jan. 1923 / A. Tonnoir / Tasm.” (printed on a white label); and “TYPE (printed) / Paratrizygia / conformis sp n (handwritten) / A. Tonnoir det. (printed)” (on a red label). Photographs were taken with a Cannon EOS 450D, with the Automon- tage system and the male terminalia drawing was prepared with the help of a camera lucida and Adobe Illustrator software. Paratrizygia Tonnoir 1929 Paratrizygia Tonnoir 1929: 605. Type–species, P. co nf o r mi s Tonnoir (orig. des.). Freeman 1951 (new species, mod. diagnosis), Duret 1984 (new species), Oliveira & Amorim 2010 (new species). Diagnosis. Three ocelli, lateral ocelli touching or almost touching eye margins. Laterotergite setose. Sc ending just beyond origin of Rs, sc–r faint, on basal third of Sc, or entirely absent; M1+2 unforked, M4 obsolete basally. Male gonostylus with at least some spines, tergite 9 typically with a pair of combs of spines at a distal extension folded ventrally. Paratrizygia conformis Tonnoir 1929 Paratrizygia conformis Tonnoir 1929: 605, text–fig. 4 (male hypopygium), plate xxiii, fig. 15 (wing) [wrongly indicated as plate xxiii, fig. 14]. Redescription of the holotype (Figs. 1–3). Male. Head. Dark brown. Both antennae broken on the holotype, one of them with the first flagellomere; scape and first flagellomere dark brown, pedicel slightly lighter. Mid ocellus very small, present, lateral ocelli more than twice the mid ocellus, almost touching the eye margin. Eye slightly emarginated above the antenna. One of the maxillary palpi broken, the other dark brown, basal palpomere very small, apical ones increasingly longer, last pal- pomere almost twice length of penultimate. Thorax. Scutum dark brown, moderately arched, covered with scat- tered setae, no clear row of acrostichals or dorsocentrals, a row of slightly stronger supra–alars and some strong prescutellars. Scutellum dark brown, a pair of longer scutellar setae laterally, a pair of setae half of its length more mesally and a number of smaller setae. Pleural sclerites dark brown, except for the metepisternum, light brown. Pleural membrane brown. Pronotum and proepisternum densely setose, with some stronger setae. Anepisternum bare; katepisternum more or less squared ventrally. Mesepimeron reaching ventral margin of thorax, bare. Lat- erotergite slightly projected, with a group of 7–8 setae. Mediotergite slightly curved in profile, ventral half with a pair of patches of longer setae and some setulae. Haltere pedicel brown yellow, knob darker. Legs light brown, elongate. Mid and hind tibiae with dorsal and lateral regular rows of longer, black setae, mid tibia with about four setae, hind tibia about 9. Mid and hind tarsomeres with a row of shorter, black ventral setae, first tarsomere more than twice the length of second tarsomere; Tibial spurs 1:2:2, outer spur length almost three times width of tibial apex, inner spur about half the length of the outer one. Tarsi mostly missing in the holotype (both front and one of the mid tarsi entirely missing, distal articles missing in the other mid and both hind tarsi). Wing (Fig. 1). Mem- brane translucent on basal two thirds, light brown apically, especially at anterior margin and along posterior margin of CuA; membrane dense and regularly covered with microtrichia, macrotrichia present, especially distally and posteriorly, basal cells with few or no macrotrichia. Sc complete, normally sclerotized, reaching C just beyond base of Rs, setose; sc–r absent. C ending before wing apex, extending about a fourth the distance between R5 and M1. First sector of Rs clearly oblique, short, devoid of setae, more than twice as long as r–m. R1 relatively long, reach- ing C at apical third of wing, with dorsal and ventral macrotrichia; R4 present, devoid of setae, sector of Rs between 48 · Zootaxa 2892 © 2011 Magnolia Press AMORIM ET AL. origin of r–m to base of R4 about three times length of r–m; R5 short, reaching C almost at level of apex of M4, with dorsal and ventral macrotrichia; r–m oblique, well sclerotized, devoid of setae. M1+2 unforked, with fine setae only dorsally; an unattached vein between M1+2 (possibly M4) and CuA, slightly curved, beginning before apex of R1, with fine setae only dorsally. CuA unforked, normally sclerotized, with fine setae only dorsally, except for the very base, in which setulae are absent. A1 no visible (even though referred to in original description). Abdomen. Abdo- men dark brown, setose, slender. S8 slender to the apex, longer than wide, T8 short and wide. Terminalia (Figs. 2– 3). Terminalia light brown. Gonocoxites setose, not too elongate, in lateral view not possible to verify the median suture, clearly no distal extension beyond level of insertion of gonostyles. Gonostyles elongated, more or less slen- der, with two very strong setae basally and about 8–10 slender spines apically; aedeagus not visible; gonocoxal apodeme not visible; T9 elongated, setose, with two pairs of regular rows of spines on an distal fold facing ven- trally; cerci lobose, small. FIGURE 1. Paratrizygia conformis Tonnoir, holotype. Wing. Scale 1mm. FIGURE 2. Paratrizygia conformis Tonnoir, holotype. Male terminalia, lateral view. Scale 0.2 mm. Abbreviations: Ce, cercus; Gc, gonocoxite; Gs, gonostyle; S8, sternite 8; T8, tergite 8; T9, tergite 9. REDESCRIPTION OF PARATRIZYGIA