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• TW O PENCE MID- MONTHLY ESPERANTO MONTHLY A MAGAZINE FOR TEACHERS AND STUDENTS Of THE INTERNATIONAL HELP-LANGUAGE 15th O C TO B E R 1918 voi. v i., no. 70. Edited by W . M. PAGE POLICEMEN AND LANGUAGES WHAT IS AN ARTIFICIAL X LANGUAGE? .M:. r . ;■•••'■• 'O V,- , . , f e = JEii Pobli.b.d by THE B R IT IS H ESPERANTO ASSOCIATION (Incorporated* 17. HART STREET, LONDON . W. C .1 11 THE ESPERANTO MONTHLY ESPERANTO AT A GLANCE A perusal of this page will give the uninitiated a comprehensive idea of the chief features of the language. ALPHABET THE GRAMMAR is based upon Sixteen ABCĈDEFG Fundamental Rules. The Parts of Speech are formed from Root-Words Ĝ H Ĥ I J Ĵ by the addition of appropriate Letters. KLMNOPRS Root-Word— PAROL (s/eec/i) Ŝ T U Ŭ V Z IS THE NOUN Parol O ADJECTIVE Parol A (no Q, W, X, or Y) FINAL E letter! J PRONUNCIATION N OF TH E { A, E, I, O, U have approximately the vowel ADVERB Parol E sounds heard bar,in bear, bier, bore, boor. PLURAL Parolo J C is not sounded like S or K, butts inlike Tsar. ACCUSATIVEPresent ParoloPast N Future Parol AS Parol( d ir e c t ISo b je c t) Parol OS J has the sound ofy in yes. Conditional Infinitive Imperative The sounds of ĉ, ĝ, h, ĵ, Ŝ, and ŭ are heard TParolin H E VERBUS has ParolonlyT Iwelve ParolI nflections U leech, liege, loch, leisure, leash, andleeway. PARTICIPLES The other consonants sound as in English. Active Present Past Future ACCENT or STRESS Parol ANTA Parol INTA Parol ONTA Passive Falls on the second last syllable. Pres mt Past Future Parol ATA Parol I TA Parol OTA SPELLING PHONETIC. There are No I rregularities All letters sounded : one letter one sound. and NoE xceptions THE LORD’S PRAYER ATRO NIA KIU ESTAS EN LA ĈIELO, VIA NOMO ESTU SANKTIGITA. VENU VIA REGNO, FARIĜU VIA VOLO, KIEL EN LA ĈIELO, TIEL ANKAŬP SUR LA TERO. NIAN PANON ĈIUTAGAN DONU AL NI HODIAŬ. KAJ FORMETU AL NI NIAJN ŜULDOJN, KIEL ANKAŬ NI FORMETAS AL NIAJ ŜULDANTOJ. KAJ NE KONDUKU NIN EN TENTON, SED LIBERIGU NIN DE LA MALBONO. ĈAR VIA ESTAS LA , REGNO, LA POVO KAJ LA GLORO ETERNE. AMEN. By means of a useful series of prefixes and suffixesPOINTS of the COMPASS (kompaso). words may be built up from roots to showNordo, sudo, oriento, okcidento. various shades of meaning, thus: NUMBERS. FEMININES shown by IN suffix. Unu, du, tri, kvar, kvin, ses, sep, ok, naŭ, Viro—virino ; patro — patrino ; filo—filino ;dek, cent, mil, miliono.Ordinals marked frato—fratino ; kato—katino; boro—bovino.by A, dua, deka.Multiples by OBL, duobla. OPPOSITES shown by MAL prefix. Fractionals by OH, duono. Collectives by Longa—mallonga ; kontenta—malkontenta ;OP, duope. riĉa—malriĉa ; bona—malbona ; juna—mal- juna ; rapidi—malrapidi; amo—malamo. PRONOUNS. Singular, mi, vi, li, ŝi, and ĝi. Plural, ni, WORDS IN INTERNATIONAL USE. vi, ili. Impersonal, oni. Reflexive, si. Telefono, hotelo, teatro, opero, aeroplano, Possessives shown -by adding mia, A, via. sporto, geologio, teologio, hipnotismo. DEGREES OF COMPARISON. COLOURS (koloroj), adjectives. Longa—pli longa—plej longa. Ruĝa, blanka, blua, oranga, nigra, verda, bruna, skarlata, griza, flava. TH E SEASONS (la sezonoj), nouns. Printempo, somero, aŭtuno, vintro. FLOWERS (floroj), nouns. THE DAYS of the WEEK (tagoj de la semajno). Rozo, lilio, violo, tulipo, krizantemo. Dimanĉo, Lundo, Mardo, Merkredo, ĵaŭdo, Vendredo, Sabato. FRUITS (fruktoj), nouns. Oranĝo, banano, tomato, figo, piro, abrikoto, THE MONTHS (la monatoj). melono, citrono, groso. Januaro, Februaro, Marto, Aprilo, Majo, Junio, Julio, Augusto, Septembro, Oktobro,VEGETABLES (legomoj), nouns. Novembro, Decembro. Terpomo, karoto, napo, pizoj, spinaco. AN ESPERANTO KEY, containing- Grammar, Vocabulary, and Exercises, will be sent on receipt of a penny stamp by THE BRITISH ESPERANTO ASSOCIA­ TION (Incorp.), 17 Hart Street, London, W .C.i THE ESPERANTO MONTHLY (OS Policemen and Languages/ By RODERICK ROSS, M.V.O., Chief Constable of Edinburgh. In all cities and towns resorted toversant with the rudiments of foreign by strangers for the purposes languagesof should be taken advantage health, amusement or business ofa by every Constable who seeks to Constable will be addressed by advanceall his education and who classes and conditions of men anddesires thereby to rise in the Police women, many of whom may be Service.of Witĥ the passing of the foreign nationality and unable-Aliens to Restriction Act and Orders make themselves intelligible to himmade thereunder whereby all aliens through want of knowledge ofhave the to register with the Police, the English language. It is in suchneed has arisen for a knowledge of cases that a knowledge of languageslanguages on the part of every would be found to be of the greatestpolice officer whose duty brings advantage to a Constable. Whilehim into contact with persons of the public do not expect to findforeign at nationality—in fact, in order every street crossing a Constableto successfully and efficiently per­ who is able to fluently converseform in their duties under this Act it five or six different languages—ais essential that the Police should linguist of such capabilities beinghave a passing knowledge of one or surely destined to fill and able twoto languages. The Aliens Restric­ secure a position more befitting tionhis Act and Orders will doubtless special attainments than the humble(although possibly not in their occupation of a Policeman—therepresent is form) be retained after the no reason why every Constable war,pos­ and the possibilities are that sessed of average ability should whennot peace has been restored and have such a rudimentary knowledgeconcord among the nations been of one or two languages as to be onceable more established that many when opportunity offered to under­foreigners will find their way to this stand and answer the questionscountry and the duty—and a very addressed to him by persons speakingimportant one—of examining their in those languages of which he passportshas and other documents estab­ specially sought to obtain a passablelishing their credentials bonaor fides knowledge. will in all probability devolve upon To the Policeman who is desirousthe Police to a greater extent than and anxious of extending his know­at present, in which case it will be ledge of languages, even only toabsolutely the necessary that members extent of assisting him in carryingof Constabularies performing this out the conversational part whichwork he should have a good knowledge will occasionally have opportunityof languages.of making use of in directing persons Perhapsof the language which can foreign nationality who may withap­ most profit be learned by a proach him, many facilities areConstable is Esperanto, which has nowadays offered in the shape gainedof great acceptance abroad and cheap books—the authors of whichearned considerable favour in this have reduced the trouble of acquir­country. Esperanto, which may best ing an elementary knowledge of bethe describedas an extremely simplified subject to a minimum. Those cheapform of Latin, can be acquired with and easy means of becoming con­great ease—the construction of the * Reprinted, by kind permission of the author, from “ What a Policeman should Know,” by Roderick Ross, M.V.O. (Police Chronicle Office, Tribune Buildings, Nuneaton, price 6d.) io6 THE ESPERANTO MONTHLY sentences and the grammar corre­some important countries, but it has sponding to the English usage. robbedThis it of some of its most energetic international and highly interestingworkers, including its president and language which makes it possiblevice-president, for and it is due to the persons of different nationalities, whocourage of its director, Mr Hector under ordinary circumstances mightHodler, that in spite of many diffi­ be unable to hold communionculties one it has been able to carry on. with another, to converse togetherEvery Esperantist who desires to and understand each other to feeltheir that he is taking a share in the mutual edification and enjoymentworld-wide advance of Esperanto will doubtless become a great factorshould not only pay the small when the nations of the world haveannual subscription of a florin, which again resumed their normal inter­is required from every member, but course, and when it may be expectedshould subscribe for the gazette a Constable doing duty on “some Esperanto,” 5 francs. As the fixed point in a large and cosmo­gazette is published in a neutral politan centre may be addressedcountry in it is our only source of in­ this wonderful and simple language.formation as to what is being done More wonderful still were he able,for Esperanto in middle Europe. when so addressed, to reply in Esper­The number for July-August (20 pp.) anto, and there is no reason whyis full of interesting matter, as may every Constable should not possessbe judged from the following titles a knowledge of this language, whichof its principal articles :—Optimismo., daily growstin popularity as a meansSell. Gorelik ; Pri Ukraino, Iv. H. of international correspondence Krestanoff;and La Jap ana Virino, communication. Every ConstableBrieux ; ŝiitpj kaj Sunitoj, Ch. S. who realises the benefits of thisSchleich ; Pri la elektra aktiveco dc language should, if he has not alreadyla homa korpo (very important begun its study, at once do so,original and article), Dr W. Winsch; even if he never has opportunityLiterature: Kroniko elAŭstrio- of using the language he willHungarujo, in Belgujo, Britujo, Franc- its acquirement derive an immenseujo, Germanujo, Hispanujo, Neder- amount of knowledge which lando,will Norvegujo, Polwjo, 'Svedujo, be to him, if lie so desires to under­Svisujo, Argentino, Aŭstralio, Kongo- take the study of other languages,lando kaj JapanujoTra la; Gazet- a stepping-stone to this end. aro ; Tra la Libraro ; Lingvaj * * * Studoj ; Informilo pri agado de U.E.A.

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