I-95 NEW HAVEN HARBOR CROSSING CORRIDOR IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM

NEW HAVEN - EAST HAVEN - BRANFORD, CT STATE PROJECT NO. 92-505

Record of Decision Transit and Transportation System Management (TSM) Components Summary Report January 2012 – December 2013

Prepared For: Department of Transportation 2800 Berlin Turnpike Newington, Connecticut 06111

Submitted By:

Parsons Brinckerhoff 500 Winding Brook Drive Glastonbury, CT 06033

I-95 NEW HAVEN HARBOR CROSSING CORRIDOR IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM New Haven – East Haven – Branford ROD Transit and Transportation System Management (TSM) Requirements January 2012 – December 2013

I-95 NEW HAVEN HARBOR CROSSING CORRIDOR IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM

NEW HAVEN – EAST HAVEN – BRANFORD, CT

Record of Decision Transit and Transportation System Management (TSM) Components Summary Report January 2012 – December 2013

The I-95 New Haven Harbor Crossing (NHHC) Corridor Improvement Program (‘Program’) is one of Connecticut’s largest multi-modal transportation improvement initiatives. The program includes operational, safety and capacity improvements to over 7 miles of Interstate 95, including a new signature bridge over New Haven Harbor. In addition to new and upgraded commuter rail stations, there are numerous Transit and Transportation System Management (TSM) components included as part of the program. The Federal Highway Administration Record of Decision for Interstate 95 New Haven Harbor Crossing Pearl Harbor Memorial Bridge (Q-Bridge) (‘ROD’), dated August 1999, (Section 1.2 (pp. 3-4)), documents the Transit and TSM commitments. This report summarizes the current status of the implementation of the Transit and TSM components. A report from the Program Commitment Database with commitments of regional interest that have been implemented throughout the construction of the various Program Projects is also included. They are as follows: • Considerations to pedestrians and bicyclists • Construction of permanent roadside noise barriers • Minimizing construction noise levels • Coordination with municipalities, neighborhoods and other stakeholders • Providing alternate travel routes • Protection of the traveling public through the use of detailed maintenance and protection of traffic plans during construction. Also included is a NuRide Report for people who commute into and out of New Haven County. NuRide is an online ridematching and recording system that allows users to earn rewards for sharing rides. A reward can be earned whenever ride is shared or traffic on the roads is reduce, by way of - transit, vanpooling, carpooling, bike or walk – or even telecommuting or using a compressed work week schedule. The report counts the cumulative effort of people that are recording their rides in order to earn rewards, not the actual overall ridership, which is nearly impossible to count for some modes of travel.

i

I-95 NEW HAVEN HARBOR CROSSING CORRIDOR IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM New Haven – East Haven – Branford ROD Transit and Transportation System Management (TSM) Requirements January 2012 – December 2013

Summary of ROD Requirement Findings The following is an overview and analysis, where possible, of the data related to the Transit and TSM Commitments. It accompanies the following charts and graphs and details ridership and related data as well as changes in ridership over time and changes in service that have been implemented to accommodate the changes, and some service changes that have resulted in increased ridership. Shore Line East – Total # of Riders by Year Since 2001, there have been numerous changes in service as a result of increased ridership and resulting in increased ridership: Expanded service on weekends and holidays (Summer 2008); Service to Stamford including Metro-North New Haven Line stops (SLE Express - one-seat/one-ride) (2002); Expanded midday weekday service; and Weekday service to New London was recently added. An additional 136 SLE passengers took the bus from Union Station eastbound in summer of 2010 due to track construction. Total number of riders per year does not include State Street Rail Station riders. Shore Line East service into State Street Station commenced in June 2002 (see ROD Requirement: Commuter Rail Station at State Street for additional station related statistics). Shore Line East – Total # of Riders by Month for Weekend & Holiday Service The spike in July ridership is due to Independence Day travel and Sailfest activities in the New London area in 2012. Additional trains have been scheduled during July to accommodate the increased ridership. Shore Line East – Average # of Daily Riders for Weekday and Weekend & Holiday Service The spike in July ridership is due to Independence Day travel and Sailfest activities in the New London area in 2012. Additional trains have been scheduled during July to accommodate the increased ridership. Shore Line East – State Street Station – Average # of Daily Riders by Quarter Shore Line East service into State Street Station commenced June 2002. Shore Line East – State Street Station – Average # of Daily Riders by Month The Union Station Shuttle, which started in December 2010, is a free weekday service connecting rail passengers using Union Station to additional off-site parking locations, including the Temple Street Garage and the parking lot at the former Coliseum site. All shuttle trips extend to the New Haven Green, creating easy connections to all other CTTRANSIT local bus routes in New Haven. The Union Station Shuttle runs continuously every 20 minutes, from 6:05 AM until 10:15 PM, Monday through Friday. Shore Line East – Station Upgrades (State Project No. 310-0019) – 39 Maple Street, Branford, CT 06405 - Contractor: Banton Construction - New Station opened August 8, 2005. • A high-level handicapped accessible south side platform for level boarding • Bicycle rack • Parking: New expanded parking now open (adds 272 new spaces). The new lot is slightly elevated from existing lot and is accessible by a new bridge over a tidal stream. (State Project No. 310-0026) – 325 Old Whitfield Street, Guilford, CT 06437 - Contractor: Banton Construction - New Station opened November 28, 2005 • A high-level handicapped accessible south side platform for level boarding • Bicycle rack • Pick-up and drop-off areas • A pedestrian bridge for easy access to opposite platform • Parking: Free parking available at both north and south sides of the station Clinton Station (State Project No. 310-0021) – 10 John Street Extension, Clinton, CT 06413

ii

I-95 NEW HAVEN HARBOR CROSSING CORRIDOR IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM New Haven – East Haven – Branford ROD Transit and Transportation System Management (TSM) Requirements January 2012 – December 2013

- Contractor: Banton Construction - New Station opened July 25, 2005. • A high-level handicapped accessible south side platform for level boarding • Bicycle rack • A design that allows for the future expansion to up and over facilities • Parking: Free parking available - Demolition of existing platform completed August 2005. Madison Station (State Project No. 310-0020) – 77 Bradley Road, Madison, CT 06443 • High-level handicapped accessible south side platform for level boarding • Bicycle rack • Parking: Free parking available Westbrook Station – 101 Norris Ave, Westbrook, CT 06498 • Bicycle rack • Parking: Free parking available CTTransit – “S” Route – Monthly Ridership and Average Daily Riders The ‘S’ Route was once operated by DATTCO and “interlined” with their Old Saybrook to Hartford express bus service (interlining is when a bus would run as the “S” to Old Saybrook, and then make the run up to Hartford as the express, and only be available to run the reverse route on the S when it returned – thus constraining the schedule). At some point in the past, this interlining no longer made sense and since around 2010 the route is operated by CTTRANSIT NH Division. Because the interlining no longer exists, there was more flexibility to change the scheduling and better align it with connecting services which may explain some of the ridership gains. CTTransit – “F” and “G” Routes – Average Daily Riders A major winter storm in February 2013 resulted in a drop in ridership. Improved Transit and Carpool/Vanpool Marketing Recent changes in the State’s Vanpool service providers have created a discrepancy in the most recent (2013) Vanpool data. New service providers are no longer required to give exact statistics for detailed Vanpool data such as a breakdown of the number of Vanpool Riders in the Corridor or the number of Vanpool seats.

iii

I-95 NEW HAVEN HARBOR CROSSING CORRIDOR IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM New Haven – East Haven – Branford ROD Transit and Transportation System Management (TSM) Requirements January 2012 – December 2013

Improved Access to Transit Information – Schedules and Brochures The Total Number of Announcements Sent represents announcements which are sent out to the Program-maintained distribution list for weekly construction activities, holiday construction notifications, event notifications, and additional special announcements as needed. In addition to Program Announcements, the Program responds to any questions or comments received from the public. This statistic is the Number of Inquiry Responses sent out by the Program through email. Improved Access to Transit Information – Website Visits CTTransit data represents average monthly visits to the routes and the schedule listing pages of website only. The apparent large drop in website visitors between 2012 (5,923/mo) and 2013 (1,305/mo) is most likely the result of a technological data tracking issue rather than an actual drop in website visitors. CTTransit has indicated that their overall site traffic has actually increased quite a bit, yet most visitors access the site using their mobile devices and the website is not able to track these visitors. Mobile technology has also provided visitors with alternatives to CTTransit’s online PDF format timetables, such as Trip Planner and Google Transit, along with other similar mobile apps. The drop in CTRides website visits beginning in July 2013 was due to the end of advertising. Improved Access to Transit Information – Phone Calls In July 2013, SLE switched to a new phone service that is no longer able to distinguish between after- hours calls for Shore Line East and calls for CTRides. The spike in CTRides calls in February 2012 is a result of the beginning of the campaign as well as a number of inclement winter weather days. Phone data for CTRides for the months of March-May and September-December of 2013 is unavailable due to changes in the data that AT&T provides. CTTransit no longer supports the means to accurately determine the number of calls to Customer Service. Optimized Flextime/Voluntary Rideshare (HOV) Preferential Parking/Guaranteed Ride Home Employers were contacted and presented with a marketing information program for all options. The Program is presented to the clients as a comprehensive overview that covers the following related programs/options: • Optimized flextime/telecommuting • Voluntary Rideshare Programs • Guaranteed Ride Program • NuRide Program Therefore, the data reflected in the ROD Requirement for each of these aspects is the same figure since an individual break out of each is not possible. The large discrepancy between the 2012 and 2013 figures is due to change in what types of data are collected. The 2012 figure represents the total number of meetings, calls, and drop in’s. The 2013 figure represents the total number of meetings and presentations conducted, as call data is no longer being collected due to new changes in CTRides’ tracking procedures. In 2012 there were 433 new employee meetings. In 2013 there were 200 new employee meetings. Insurance Breaks ($40) for Rideshare (HOV)/Transit The Insurance contacted were companies licensed to write auto insurance policies in the state.

iv

I-95 NEW HAVEN HARBOR CROSSING CORRIDOR IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM New Haven - East Haven - Branford ROD Transit and Transportation System Management (TSM) Requirements January 2012 - December 2013

ROD Requirement: Shore Line East Continue to provide Shore Line East rail passenger service between New Haven and New London. Service levels in operation at the time of the start of construction will be continued. Ridership and service frequencies will be monitored regularly to determine the need for service modifications.

Shore Line East Total # of Riders by Year

631,534 603,297 605,102 584,524 568,144 557,497

483,578 458,070 423,470 405,436 385,501 345,206 298,829

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 *2010 2011 2012 2013 Total Riders 298,829 345,206 385,501 405,436 423,470 458,070 483,578 568,144 557,497 584,524 603,297 605,102 631,534 Difference 15.5% 11.7% 5.2% 4.4% 8.2% 5.6% 17.5% -1.9% 4.8% 3.2% 0.3% 4.4%

1 I-95 NEW HAVEN HARBOR CROSSING CORRIDOR IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM New Haven - East Haven - Branford ROD Transit and Transportation System Management (TSM) Requirements January 2012 - December 2013

ROD Requirement: Shore Line East Continue to provide Shore Line East rail passenger service between New Haven and New London. Service levels in operation at the time of the start of construction will be continued. Ridership and service frequencies will be monitored regularly to determine the need for service modifications. Shore Line East Total # of Riders by Month for Weekday Service 2011 Weekday Riders by Month 2012 Weekday Riders by Month 2013 Weekday Riders by Month

51,896 49,473 47,578 49,576 48,794 47,761 46,599 47,015 47,647 44,850 44,503 44,457 45,742 44,186 44,654 41,033 46,505 47,350 41,646 45,868 45,939 42,547 43,895 44,684 44,065 45,332 44,639 46,535 41,557 41,829 38,233 45,242 41,941 35,563 36,803 36,140

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

January February March April Year 2011 2012 2013 2011 2012 2013 2011 2012 2013 2011 2012 2013 Days of Service 20 20 21 19 20 19 23 22 21 21 21 22 Total Weekday 35,563 42,547 44,503 36,140 41,033 38,233 46,505 45,332 46,599 44,457 43,895 47,578 Riders 2011 - 2012 Diff. 19.6% 13.5% -2.5% -1.3% 2012 - 2013 Diff. 4.6% -6.8% 2.8% 8.4%

MayMay JuneJune JulyJuly AugustAugust Year 2011 2012 2013 2011 2012 2013 2011 2012 2013 2011 2012 2013 Days of Service 21 22 22 22 21 20 20 21 21 22 23 22 Total Weekday 47,015 44,639 45,868 49,576 45,242 45,742 44,684 47,647 47,350 46,535 48,794 51,896 Riders 2011 - 2012 Diff. -5.1% -8.7% 6.6% 4.9% 2012 - 2013 Diff. 2.8% 1.1% -0.6% 6.4%

September October November December Year 2011 2012 2013 2011 2012 2013 2011 2012 2013 2011 2012 2013 Days of Service 21 19 20 21 20 23 20 20 19 21 18 21 Total Weekday 45,939 41,941 44,186 47,761 44,065 49,473 44,850 41,557 41,646 41,829 36,803 44,654 Riders 2011 - 2012 Diff. -8.7% -7.7% -7.3% -12.0% 2012 - 2013 Diff. 5.4% 12.3% 0.2% 21.3%

Jan-Dec Totals Year 2011 2012 2013 Days of Service 253 247 252 Total Weekday Riders 530,854 523,495 547,728 2011 - 2012 Difference -1.4% 2012 - 2013 Difference 4.6%

2 I-95 NEW HAVEN HARBOR CROSSING CORRIDOR IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM New Haven - East Haven - Branford ROD Transit and Transportation System Management (TSM) Requirements January 2012 - December 2013

ROD Requirement: Shore Line East Continue to provide Shore Line East rail passenger service between New Haven and New London. Service levels in operation at the time of the start of construction will be continued. Ridership and service frequencies will be monitored regularly to determine the need for service modifications. Shore Line East Total # of Riders by Month for Weekend & Holiday Service 2011 Total Riders 2012 Total Riders 2013 Total Riders 11,226

10,919 9,021 8,804 8,829 8,407 8,155 7,751 7,482 6,941 8,578 6,128 6,549 7,879 6,753 6,034 5,986 5,815 5,900 5,336 5,231 5,346 6,640 4,721 6,201 5,860 4,144 5,969 5,489 5,263 5,035 5,576 5,095 4,505 5,127 5,161

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

January February March April Year 2011 2012 2013 2011 2012 2013 2011 2012 2013 2011 2012 2013 Days of Service 1111109978910998 Total Weekend & Holiday 5,576 6,034 5,860 5,095 5,336 4,144 4,505 5,231 6,128 5,263 5,986 4,721 Riders 2011 - 2012 Diff. 8.2% 4.7% 16.1% 13.7% 2012 - 2013 Diff. -2.9% -22.3% 17.1% -21.1% May June July August Year 2011 2012 2013 2011 2012 2013 2011 2012 2013 2011 2012 2013 Days of Service 10998910101010889 Total Weekend & Holiday 6,941 6,201 5,127 5,969 6,549 7,751 8,578 11,226 10,919 5,035 5,815 8,804 Riders 2011 - 2012 Diff. -10.7% 9.7% 30.9% 15.5% 2012 - 2013 Diff. -17.3% 18.4% -2.7% 51.4% September October November December Year 2011 2012 2013 2011 2012 2013 2011 2012 2013 2011 2012 2013 Days of Service 9 1110108 8 101011101310 Total Weekend & Holiday 5,346 8,407 7,879 5,900 5,161 5,489 7,482 6,640 8,829 6,753 9,021 8,155 Riders 2011 - 2012 Diff. 57.3% -12.5% -11.3% 33.6% 2012 - 2013 Diff. -6.3% 6.4% 33.0% -9.6% Jan-Dec Totals Year 2011 2012 2013 Days of Service 112 116 112 Total Riders 72,443 81,607 83,806 2011 - 2012 Difference 12.6% 2012 - 2013 Difference 2.7%

3 I-95 NEW HAVEN HARBOR CROSSING CORRIDOR IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM New Haven - East Haven - Branford ROD Transit and Transportation System Management (TSM) Requirements January 2012 - December 2013

ROD Requirement: Shore Line East Continue to provide Shore Line East rail passenger service between New Haven and New London. Service levels in operation at the time of the start of construction will be continued. Ridership and service frequencies will be monitored regularly to determine the need for service modifications.

Shore Line East Average # of Daily Riders for Weekday Service 2011 Average Daily Riders 2012 Average Daily Riders 2013 Average Daily Riders for

2,525 2,356 2,416 2,348 2,316 2,342 2,220 2,267 2,258 2,128 2,198 2,121 2,207 2,137 2,145 2,061 2,315 2,336 2,203 2,215 2,120 2,165 2,245 2,131 2,037 2,082 2,043 2,217 2,356 2,180 2,108 2,220 1,901 1,967 2,040 2,115

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Shore Line East Average # of Daily Riders for Weekend & Holiday Service 2011 Average Daily Riders 2012 Average Daily Riders 2013 Average Daily Riders

2,295

1,433

970 906 839 862 859 772 746 780 765 678 700 883 665 649 842 761 794 819 724 694 727 727 675 752 644 580 584 589 583 596 590 709 694 563

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

4 I-95 NEW HAVEN HARBOR CROSSING CORRIDOR IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM New Haven - East Haven - Branford ROD Transit and Transportation System Management (TSM) Requirements January 2012 - December 2013

ROD Requirement: Commuter Rail Station at State Street - CONSTRUCTION COMPLETED Construct a new commuter rail passenger station stop on State Street, between Court and Chapel Streets in New Haven. This station will serve rail commuters who desire more direct access to downtown New Haven. The new State Street station stop would be in addition to stops currently served by the Shore Line East commuter rail service (New Haven to New London).

RIDERSHIP WILL CONTINUE TO BE MONITORED.

State Street Commuter Rail Station Shore Line East Average # of Daily Riders by Quarter

Average Daily Riders Westbound Average Daily Riders Eastbound

436

368

297 285 272 374 261 265 254 253 248 255 248 223 219 226 268 271 187 258 226 231 240 235 206 179 185 187 161 173 176 144

Q1‐10 Q2‐10 Q3‐10 Q4‐10 Q1‐11 Q2‐11 Q3‐11 Q4‐11 Q1‐12 Q2‐12 Q3‐12 Q4‐12 Q1‐13 Q2‐13 Q3‐13 Q4‐13

5 I-95 NEW HAVEN HARBOR CROSSING CORRIDOR IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM New Haven - East Haven - Branford ROD Transit and Transportation System Management (TSM) Requirements January 2012 - December 2013

ROD Requirement: Commuter Rail Station at State Street - CONSTRUCTION COMPLETED Construct a new commuter rail passenger station stop on State Street, between Court and Chapel Streets in New Haven. This station will serve rail commuters who desire more direct access to downtown New Haven. The new State Street station stop would be in addition to stops currently served by the Shore Line East commuter rail service (New Haven to New London).

RIDERSHIP WILL CONTINUE TO BE MONITORED.

State Street Commuter Railroad Station Shore Line East Average # of Daily Riders by Month 2012 Avg Daily Riders Westbound 2012 Avg Daily Riders Eastbound 2013 Avg Daily Riders Westbound 2013 Avg Daily Riders Eastbound

292 267 276 280 242 274 262 270 243 249 249 262 231 249 240 248 225 225 234 222 256 238 254 223 245 245 198 177 208 221 222 225 256 211 210 179 187 181 177 186 182 167 178 163 166 161 164 137

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Commuter Connection buses pick up at State Street in the morning and drop off at Union Station in the afternoon/evening.

6 I-95 NEW HAVEN HARBOR CROSSING CORRIDOR IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM New Haven - East Haven - Branford ROD Transit and Transportation System Management (TSM) Requirements January 2012 - December 2013

ROD Requirement: Bus Service Continue to provide bus service between Branford and New Haven via the Tomlinson (Route 1) Bridge at service levels in operation at the time of the start of construction. This will include service on Connecticut Transit Routes F & G. Ridership and service frequencies will be monitored regularly to determine the need for service modifications.

CTTransit "S" Route ‐ Monthly Ridership 2011 2012 2013

12,216 12,442 11,668 10,144 11,216 11,263 11,286 10,925 10,940 10,433 9,729 9,719 9,381 8,277 11,363 11,185 10,170 10,576 10,270 10,666 9,488 9,525 9,010 7,733 8,333 8,102 8,470 8,470 7,733 7,733 7,365 7,733 7,733 7,733 7,365 9,206

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

CTTransit "S" Route Average ‐ Daily Riders 2011 2012 2013

470 461 456 447 454 415 433 434 437 378 390 397 379 389 375 346 423 421 432 389 391 395 397 410 395 381 346 361 378 378 378 360 331 378 378 318

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

January February March April Year 2011 2012 2013 2011 2012 2013 2011 2012 2013 2011 2012 2013 Days of Service 21 25 26 20 25 22 23 27 26 21 25 26 Total Riders 7,733 8,277 10,144 7,365 9,729 8,333 8,470 11,216 10,170 7,733 10,576 11,263

May June July August Year 2011 2012 2013 2011 2012 2013 2011 2012 2013 2011 2012 2013 Days of Service 21 26 26 22 26 25 20 25 26 23 27 27 Total Riders 7,733 10,270 11,286 8,102 12,216 9,719 7,365 10,925 10,666 8,470 12,442 11,363

September October November December Year 2011 2012 2013 2011 2012 2013 2011 2012 2013 2011 2012 2013 Days of Service 21 24 24 21 25 27 21 23 25 25 25 25 Total Riders 7,733 10,940 9,488 7,733 11,185 11,668 7,733 10,433 9,525 9,206 9,381 9,010

Jan-Dec Totals Year 2011 2012 2013 Days of Service 259 303 305 Total Riders 95,377 127,590 122,635

7 I-95 NEW HAVEN HARBOR CROSSING CORRIDOR IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM New Haven - East Haven - Branford ROD Transit and Transportation System Management (TSM) Requirements January 2012 - December 2013

ROD Requirement: Bus Service Continue to provide bus service between Branford and New Haven via the Tomlinson (Route 1) Bridge at service levels in operation at the time of the start of construction. This will include service on Connecticut Transit Routes F & G. Ridership and service frequencies will be monitored regularly to determine the need for service modifications.

CTTransit F Route ‐ Average Daily Riders (2nd Tuesday of Month) 2011 2012 2013

1,001 965 955 904 907 928 865 829 821 809 803 802 836 808 728 804 791 763 723 895 876 700 831 658 792 794 766 770 841 768 736 724 706 500 682 683

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

CTTransit G Route ‐ Average Daily Riders (2nd Tuesday of Month) 2011 2012 2013

950 923

761 805 790 791 721 769 729 732 709 717 714 704 712 667 667 666 647 746 718 715 581 695 693 580 556 686 532 550 494 567 588 579 457

300

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

8 I-95 NEW HAVEN HARBOR CROSSING CORRIDOR IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM New Haven - East Haven - Branford ROD Transit and Transportation System Management (TSM) Requirements January 2012 - December 2013

ROD Requirement: Improved Transit and Carpool/Vanpool Marketing Marketing measures can include direct mail, newspaper advertisements and television spots and more frequent distribution of improved schedules. ROD Requirement: Improved Access to Transit Information Up-to-date schedules will be maintained at each transit stop and the transit information telephone line will be improved to minimize “busy” signals.

Year Distribution of SLE Schedules Distribution of I-95 Brochures Total # of Regular Schedules Total # of Sailfest Schedules Total # of New Brochures: Distributed: Distributed: 2012 220,000 25,000 2,500 2013 210,000 18,000 1,200

Year I-95 Webletters Public Information Presentations Total # of Total # of Inquiries Total # of Presentations: Total # of Attendees: Announcements Sent: Responded to: 2012 75,884 32 25 1,793 2013 122,654 48 28 1,435

Van Service

Year # of Vans in Corridor # of Vanpool Riders in Corridor # of Vanpool Seats 2012 1184 31 2013 19 (Data Unavailable) (Data Unavailable)

9 I-95 NEW HAVEN HARBOR CROSSING CORRIDOR IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM New Haven - East Haven - Branford ROD Transit and Transportation System Management (TSM) Requirements January 2012 - December 2013

ROD Requirement: Improved Transit and Carpool/Vanpool Marketing Marketing measures can include direct mail, newspaper advertisements and television spots and more frequent distribution of improved schedules. ROD Requirement: Improved Access to Transit Information Up-to-date schedules will be maintained at each transit stop and the transit information telephone line will be improved to minimize “busy” signals.

Website Visits 2012 I‐95 NHHCCI Program 2013 I‐95 NHHCCI Program 2012 CTTransit 2012 CTRides 2012 Shore Line East 2013 CTTransit 2013 CTRides 2013 Shore Line East Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

84,955 64,978 78,452 62,059 75,132 57,144 66,108 67,436 66,897 67,822 60,249 62,841 56,157 54,679 56,323 51,019 54,858 52,687 52,011 51,680 53,187 45,244 43,382 41,722

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Year 2012 2013 2012 2013 2012 2013 2012 2013 2012 2013 2012 2013 Shore Line East 31,743 37,307 30,342 38,407 32,943 41,143 36,704 36,744 41,028 45,760 47,820 53,413 CTRides 3,882 12,713 3,736 10,941 4,351 10,699 9,013 11,386 12,492 14,030 11,697 10,706 CTTransit 5,923 1,305 5,923 1,305 5,923 1,305 5,923 1,305 5,923 1,305 5,923 1,305 I-95 NHHCIP 1,834 1,362 1,721 1,358 2,027 1,711 3,039 2,245 3,398 5,013 9,692 2,012 Monthly Totals 43,382 52,687 41,722 52,011 45,244 54,858 54,679 51,680 62,841 66,108 75,132 67,436

Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year 2012 2013 2012 2013 2012 2013 2012 2013 2012 2013 2012 2013 Shore Line East 52,282 68,920 53,660 67,020 39,783 47,022 40,019 42,120 45,242 47,775 44,613 52,502 CTRides 5,895 5,829 6,174 7,406 5,886 6,287 7,819 5,924 12,333 5,302 10,278 5,276 CTTransit 5,923 1,305 5,923 1,305 5,923 1,305 5,923 1,305 5,923 1,305 5,923 1,305 I-95 NHHCIP 2,797 8,901 2,065 2,721 1,595 1,709 3,383 1,670 1,480 1,775 1,245 1,166 Monthly Totals 66,897 84,955 67,822 78,452 53,187 56,323 57,144 51,019 64,978 56,157 62,059 60,249

2012 Total Yearly Website Visits: 695,091 2013 Total Yearly Website Visits: 731,930

10 I-95 NEW HAVEN HARBOR CROSSING CORRIDOR IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM New Haven - East Haven - Branford ROD Transit and Transportation System Management (TSM) Requirements January 2012 - December 2013

ROD Requirement: Improved Transit and Carpool/Vanpool Marketing Marketing measures can include direct mail, newspaper advertisements and television spots and more frequent distribution of improved schedules. ROD Requirement: Improved Access to Transit Information Up-to-date schedules will be maintained at each transit stop and the transit information telephone line will be improved to minimize “busy” signals.

Phone Calls

Jan Feb Mar AprMay Jun Jul2012 Aug Sep CTRides Oct Nov Dec 2012 Shore Line East 2013 CTRides 2013 Shore Line East

5,181

3,621 3,850 3,406 3,167 3,483 3,195 3,076 3,030 3,054 2,923 2,876 2,631 2,668 2,402 2,170

1,294 855 835 841 574 653 537 610

JanJ FebFb MarM AprA MayM JunJ JulJl AugA SepS OctOt NovN DecD

Phone Calls Jan Feb Mar AprMay Jun Year 2012 2013 2012 2013 2012 2013 2012 2013 2012 2013 2012 2013 Shore Line East 1,242 930 717 1,028 684 855 817 835 923 841 1,024 1,216 CTRides 52 1,993 4,464 1,374 1,486 0 1,814 0 2,272 0 2,052 2,190 Monthly Totals 1,294 2,923 5,181 2,402 2,170 855 2,631 835 3,195 841 3,076 3,406

Phone Calls Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year 2012 2013 2012 2013 2012 2013 2012 2013 2012 2013 2012 2013 Shore Line East 1,038 790 1,063 736 812 574 1,107 653 1,064 537 826 610 CTRides 2,129 2,240 2,420 2,885 2,242 0 1,769 0 2,786 0 1,842 0 Monthly Totals 3,167 3,030 3,483 3,621 3,054 574 2,876 653 3,850 537 2,668 610

2012 Total Yearly Phone Calls: 36,645 2013 Total Yearly Phone Calls: 20,287

11 I-95 NEW HAVEN HARBOR CROSSING CORRIDOR IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM New Haven - East Haven - Branford ROD Transit and Transportation System Management (TSM) Requirements January 2012 - December 2013

ROD Requirement: Optimized Flextime Employers in the region will be approached by ConnDOT or its representative (e.g., rideshare brokerage firm) with a marketing information program about the employer voluntarily providing flextime work schedules. Ongoing or periodic reviews and surveys will be made to ascertain the level of participation; adjustments to the program will be made to concentrate on the most productive types of employees. ROD Requirement: Voluntary Rideshare (HOV) Preferential Parking Employers in the region will be approached by ConnDOT or its representative (e.g., rideshare brokerage firm) with a marketing information program about the employer voluntarily providing preferential parking for rideshare (HOV) participants. Ongoing or periodic reviews and surveys will be made to ascertain the level of participation; adjustments to the program will be made to concentrate on the most productive types of employees. ROD Requirement: Guaranteed Ride Home Employers in the region will be approached by ConnDOT or its representative (e.g., rideshare brokerage firm) to set up a program in which the employer would voluntarily provide for documented rideshare (HOV/transit) riders taxi or equivalent service to the home from the workplace in the event of certain unusual or emergency conditions comprising up to one percent of workdays.

Total Employers Contacted 2012 2013

5,041 5,041 5,041

996 996 996

Optimized Flextime/Telecommuting Voluntary Rideshare Guaranteed Ride Program (HOV)/Preferential Parking

12 I-95 NEW HAVEN HARBOR CROSSING CORRIDOR IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM New Haven - East Haven - Branford ROD Transit and Transportation System Management (TSM) Requirements January 2012 - December 2013

ROD Requirement: Insurance Breaks ($40) for Rideshare (HOV)/Transit All insurance providers serving the region will be approached by ConnDOT or its representative to set up a program in which the insurance company would voluntarily provide an annual rebate to auto insurance policy holders who could document regular transit or HOV use.

THIS COMMITMENT HAS BEEN FULFILLED

467 Companies were contacted # of Insurance between June 2002 and Companies Contacted December 2002

13 I- 95 New Haven Harbor Crossing Corridor Improvement Program New Haven - East Haven - Branford MITIGATION MEASURES AND PROGRAM COMMITMENT DATABASE 3/18/2014 OVERVIEW

The Record of Decision (August, 1999) for the I-95 New Haven Harbor Crossing (Page 35; Section 6. Monitoring and Enforcement) stipulates that to assure commitments made in the FEIS/4(f) and the ROD are incorporated into final design plans and construction, a design and construction management consultant has been retained by ConnDOT. Design refinements will also be reviewed for environmental sensitivity. Specific mitigation commitments are made in the FEIS/4(f), Chapter 4 following the discussion of each impact. These commitments are summarized in the FEIS/4(f) Executive Summary. Mitigation to cultural resources is also contained in the M.O.A. contained in Appendix B of the FIES/4(f). Traffic noise mitigation will be provided in accordance with conditions as described in the FEIS/4(f) (Chapter 4, pages 4-95 through 4-106). All construction activities will be continuously monitored by the FHWA, ConnDOT, and DEP. Construction activities will be conducted in accordance with regulatory permit stipulations and Best Management Practices for the protection of the environment.

The purpose of this Commitment Database is to satisfy the monitoring and enforcement section of the ROD by tracking, on a per contract basis, all of the commitments identified in the FEIS/ROD. Several additional categories of commitments, such as “City of New Haven” commitments, are also tracked in the database.

The database contains, for each commitment, a description of the commitment, a unique ID number, the reference document (FEIS/ROD) and page, the Program contracts the commitment applies to, the design/construction status and implementation due date, the locations within the design documents where the commitment is addressed, and the parties responsible for incorporating the commitment into the final design plans and the construction. Commitments that apply to the I-95 Program on a corridor-wide basis are designated as “Program (92-505)” under the “Contract/State Project Number“ field.

Tracking The Management Consultant tracks the identified commitments during design to ensure the commitments have been incorporated into the final design plans. The manner in which commitments have been addressed in the contract plans and specifications are confirmed and documented in the database under the “Design Document Locations” field. When adequately addressed, the commitment is marked as “Completed” under the “Design Status” field.

Some commitments are “closed out” during the design phase and, therefore, not tracked during the construction phase. Other commitments are tracked and “closed out” during the construction phase. When adequately addressed, these commitments are marked as “Completed” under the “Construction Status” field. A literal reading of each commitment was used in determining whether a commitment was tracked during design only or through the construction phase also.

Close-Out When a contract commitment is “closed out” in the design phase, this signifies that the commitment has been addressed in the design and that the commitment will not be tracked during construction. In this case a check mark is placed in the “Clsd Dsn” box (i.e. closed in design) in the database.

When a contract commitment is “closed out” in the construction phase, this signifies that the commitment has been addressed during construction. In this case a check mark is placed in the “Clsd Cns” box (i.e. closed in construction) in the database.

It should be noted that a contract commitment is either “closed out” during the design phase OR the construction phase, but never both.

Construction Phase Environmental Processes Compliance with program commitments is addressed through the contract documents, environmental permits, and construction phase environmental processes including but not limited to: CTDOT / CTDEEP MOU – On Site CTDEEP Representative, Inspection Reporting Process, Change to Work / Permit Revisions Process, Emergency Response Spill / Release Procedure, Environmental Review Meetings, MPT Meetings / Coordination Process, TMP Review and Updates, Bicycle and Pedestrian Improvements, and Public Outreach.

This report was printed on 3/18/2014 5:36:43 PM I- 95 New Haven Harbor Crossing Corridor Improvement Program New Haven - East Haven - Branford MITIGATION MEASURES AND PROGRAM COMMITMENT DATABASE This report contains 196 commitments. 3/18/2014

GLOSSSARY OFF TERRMMS TEERRM DDEFINITTIOON ID # Unique number identification for each commitment Commitment Brief name of commitment Commitment description paraphrased from report, primarily from multiple sources (Note: See source Description for full description.) Current level of completion – Design/Construction Phase: “On-Hold,” “Pending” [start of final Status- Design and Construction design/construction], “On-going,” “Completed” PD Preliminary Design FDP Final Design Plans

ADV Advertisement date for contract CCD Construction Completion Date

TBD To Be Determined Responsible Party- Design and Construction Responsible party for implementation of commitment in contract documents and in field

Reference Document and Page Number Report(s) where commitment is specifically mentioned and page numbers Due Date- Design and Construction Time or description when commitment should be addressed in Design Comments or in Field Implementation Comments Any comments related to implementation of Commitment Design Document Locations- Contract Plans and Design Document(s) where commitment has been incorporated or addressed Specifications Refers to commitments that do not specifically apply to a program contract or apply to the program in Program (92-505) a general sense. NTC Notice to Contractor

FEIS Final Environmental Impact Statement (May, 1999) ROD Record of Decision (August, 1999) MOA Memorandum of Agreement between ConnDOT and SHPO (May, 1999) TIP Amendment Six Transportation Improvement Plan Amendment Six (April, 1999)

This report was printed on 3/18/2014 5:36:44 PM I- 95 New Haven Harbor Crossing Corridor Improvement Program New Haven - East Haven - Branford MITIGATION MEASURES AND PROGRAM COMMITMENT DATABASE This report contains 196 commitments. 3/18/2014 Category Order: Transit and TSM Elements Highway Components Other Considerations/Related Projects/Studies Program Commitments Environmental Mitigation – Land Use Environmental Mitigation – Socioeconomics Environmental Mitigation – Institutional Resources and Public 4(f) Lands Environmental Mitigation – Farmland Environmental Mitigation – Historic Resources/Section 4(f) Environmental Mitigation – Archaeological Resources Environmental Mitigation – Air Quality Environmental Mitigation – Traffic Noise Environmental Mitigation – Visual & Aesthetic Character Environmental Mitigation – Terrestrial Ecology Environmental Mitigation – Fisheries Environmental Mitigation – Water Resources/Water Quality Environmental Mitigation – Coastal Zone/Coastal Resources Environmental Mitigation – Water Dependent Uses Environmental Mitigation – Floodplains Environmental Mitigation – Wetlands Environmental Mitigation – Waterbodies Environmental Mitigation – Environmental Risk Sites Environmental Mitigation – Considerations relating to Pedestrians & Bicyclists Environmental Mitigation – Construction Impacts and Engineering Considerations Environmental Mitigation – Secondary & Cumulative Environmental Mitigation – Permits and Approvals Monitoring and Enforcement FY 1999 - FY 2001 Transportation Improvement Program (TIP) “Amendment Six” VE Design Suggestions 10/26/01 VE Recommendations 10/26/01 City of New Haven Commitments/Mitigation Measures Town of East Haven Commitments/Mitigation Measures Reevaluation of Project No. 92-619 and the FEIS/Section 4(f): 3/29/10 and 2/29/12 Miscellaneous NOTE: The FEIS/ROD category entitled "Energy" is not included. It's two commitments - Transit and TSM Components, and Construction Traffic Management Plan - are listed under the categories "Transit and TSM Elements" and "Program Commitments," respectively. This report was printed on 3/18/2014 5:36:44 PM I- 95 New Haven Harbor Crossing Corridor Improvement Program MITIGATION MEASURES AND PROGRAM COMMITMENT DATABASE New Haven - East Haven - Branford

ID# Commitment Summary Description Reference Document and Page Transit and TSM Elements 35 Public and Private Carpool Matching Distribution of "how to" kits to employers and a public full time coordinator with a FEIS ES-16; 2-48 PC-based system for matching. ROD 4, 32

154 Bus Service Continue to provide bus service between Branford and New Haven via the ROD 3, 32 Tomlinson Bridge at service levels in operation at the time of the start of FEIS ES-16; 2-19; 2-48 construction (6/28/02).

155 Improved Transit Marketing Marketing measures can include direct mail, newspaper advertisements and ROD 3, 32 television spots, more frequent distribution of improved schedules, more issuing of FEIS ES-16; 2-48 an up-to-date regional transit guide and "transit in the schools" program.

156 Transit Information Up-to-date schedules will be maintained at each transit stop and the transit ROD 4, 32 information telephone line will be improved to minimize "busy" signals. FEIS ES-16; 2-48

157 Optimized Flextime Employers in the region will be approached by ConnDOT or its representatives ROD 4, 32 with a marketing information program about the employer voluntarily providing FEIS ES-16; 2-48 flextime work schedules.

158 Guaranteed Ride Home Employers in the regions will be approached by ConnDOT or its representatives to ROD 4, 32 set up a program in which the employer would voluntarily provide for documented FEIS ES-16; 2-49 rideshare riders, taxi or equivalent service home from work.

188 Shore Line East Service Continue to provide Shore Line East rail passenger service between New Haven FEIS ES- 16; 2-18, 30 and New London. Service levels in operation at the time of the start of ROD 3, 32 construction will be continued. Ridership and service frequencies will be monitored regularly to determine the need for service modifications. 203 Voluntary Rideshare Preferential Parking Employers in the region will be approached by ConnDOT or its representative with FEIS ES-16; 2-48 a marketing/information program about the employer voluntarily providing ROD 4,32 preferential parking for rideshare (HOV) participants. Preferential parking could consist of both free parking for High Occupancy Vehicles (HOV) and a physical arrangement, where possible, such that the longest walk from a reserved HOV space would be no longer than the shortest walk from a non-HOV space. Ongoing or periodic reviews and surveys will be made to ascertain the level of participation, and adjustments to the program will be made to concentrate on the most productive types of employers. 204 Insurance Breaks for Rideshare All insurance providers serving the region will be approached by ConnDOT or its FEIS ES-16; 2-49 representative to set up a program in which the insurance company would ROD 4,32 voluntarily provide an annual rebate to auto insurance policy holders who could document regular transit or HOV use. It is assumed that travelers choosing to travel by HOV or transit would be able to obtain such documentation with negligible inconvenience.

Page 4 of 6 Tuesday, March 18, 2014 I- 95 New Haven Harbor Crossing Corridor Improvement Program MITIGATION MEASURES AND PROGRAM COMMITMENT DATABASE New Haven - East Haven - Branford

ID# Commitment Summary Description Reference Document and Page Transit and TSM Elements 271 Shore Line East Station Upgrades (State Project Nos. 310-019, -020, -021, -022, -026) Construction of the Branford, N/A N/A Guilford, and Clinton Station upgrades

Other Considerations/Related Projects/Studies 234 Harborside Trail This is a CSRCOG project (in association w/City of New Haven, City of West FEIS 8-3 Haven, and Vision for ) to provide a foot trail along New Haven Harbor from Savin Rock in West Haven, through Long Wharf, and across the Tomlinson Bridge to Lighthouse Park on the east shore in New Haven. The Recommended Action will not affect the development and implementation of this project.

Program Commitments 196 Traffic Plans A construction Traffic Management Plan shall be implemented. The Plan will ROD 11; 32; 33 address opportunity for alternate travel modes during construction. This plan will be developed in coordination with the South Central Region Council Of Governments, including the first elected officials of the affected corridor towns. The Plan will include Shore Line East rail passenger station and parking improvements and fixed route bus service improvements in the East Shore/Morris Cove area (New Haven/East Haven).

Environmental Mitigation - Land Use 5 Alternate travel routes Alternate travel routes will be provided (to the extent possible) to replace affected FEIS ES-11; 4-7, 70 routes. There will be ongoing evaluation of the effectiveness of routes and detours ROD 19 corridor wide.

Environmental Mitigation - Socioeconomics 21 Coordination Continued coordination with the municipalities and neighborhood associations will FEIS ES-11; 4-7; 4-77 be undertaken to minimize any socioeconomic impacts of project. ROD 19

Environmental Mitigation - Traffic Noise 96 Noise Barrier Noise barrier will be constructed at Ramona Way, along south side of I-95, FEIS ES-12; 4-8; 4-100 approximately 6.1 meters in height and 283.5 meters in length. ROD 25

97 Noise Barrier Noise barrier will be constructed at O'Brien Road, along the north side of I-95, FEIS ES-12; 4-8; 4-100 approximately 3.0 meters in height and 213 meters in length. ROD 25

Page 5 of 6 Tuesday, March 18, 2014 I- 95 New Haven Harbor Crossing Corridor Improvement Program MITIGATION MEASURES AND PROGRAM COMMITMENT DATABASE New Haven - East Haven - Branford

ID# Commitment Summary Description Reference Document and Page Environmental Mitigation - Traffic Noise 98 Noise Barrier Noise barrier will be constructed at Greenfield Avenue, along north side of I-95, FEIS ES-12; 4-8; 4-100 approximately 4.3 to 5.5 meters in height and 210 meters in length. ROD 25

99 Noise Barrier Noise barrier will be constructed at Allen Place, along the south side of I-95, FEIS ES-12; 4-8; 4-100 approximately 3.0 meters in height and 121. 9 meters in length. ROD 25

100 Noise Barrier Existing noise barrier near the Wooster Square area of New Haven along the west FEIS ES-12; 4-8; 4-100 side of I-91 (southbound) will be replaced, as required ROD 25

Environmental Mitigation - Considerations Relating to Pedestrians and Bicyclists 104 Pedestrians and Bicyclists The disposition of any abandoned right-of-way will be determined by the FEIS ES-17; 4-12; 4-143 systematic property transfer process. ConnDOT will consider the possibility of ROD 24, 32 making such land available for public space, where appropriate for pedestrian and bicycle use. 105 Pedestrians and Bicyclists Pedestrian and bicycle detours will be incorporated in the design if and when FEIS ES-17; 4-12; 4-143 pathways are closed. ROD 24, 32

209 Pedestrians and Bicyclists Where warranted and reasonable, accommodations for bicyclists and pedestrians ROD 24, 32 will be made part of design, construction, operation, and maintenance activities.

Environmental Mitigation - Construction Impacts and Engineering Considerations 90 Minimize Noise Levels All construction undertaken should be consistent with DOT Standard FEIS 4-158 specifications for noise levels (Form 816).

136 Traffic Plans Maintenance and protection of traffic plans assuring safe and reasonably FEIS 4-157 uninterrupted travel of vehicles throughout the area of construction.

Page 6 of 6 Tuesday, March 18, 2014 Select NuRiders Select Date Range

Affiliated with: Any organization Time period: Monthly

Who live: in New Haven County, CT or Start date: Jan 05

Who commute: to New Haven County, CT End date: Mar 14

Promotion: Any

Co-branding: Any

SUMMARY REPORT All trips

NuRiders All trips

New NuRiders 6,318 (60% prev. dr. alone) 40,000 Comp Total NuRiders 6,318 (60% prev. dr. alone) week

Active NuRiders (#) 2,189 (41% prev. dr. alone) 30,000 Bike Walk Active NuRiders (%) 35% Tele... 20,000 Organizations 918 Tra... Male / female 38% / 62% Van... 10,000 Car...

0 Activity All trips Adjusted 5 6 7 8 9 0 2 3 -0 -0 -0 -0 -0 -1 -1 -1 n ar y ul p ov n ar Recorded trips 1,371,570 Ja M Ma J Se N Ja M

Avg trip distance (mi) 26.8

Avg vehicle occupancy - -

Reduced car trips 1,229,296 394,024

Reduced miles (VMT) 33,221,081 11,383,825 Reduced miles (VMT) - cumulative

Reduced starts (VT) 1,107,440 335,682

Gallons of gas saved 1,493,479 Reduced miles (VMT) - cumulative

Reduced NOx (tons) 26.82 9.14 40,000,000 Comp Reduced VOC (tons) 10.81 3.59 week 30,000,000 Bike Reduced CO2 (tons) 14,636.1 4,871.67 Walk Total reduced emissions 14,673.73 4,884.4 Tele... 20,000,000 Money saved $17,999,265 Tra...

Calories burned 66,062,868 Van... 10,000,000 Car...

Rewards 0 Rewards redeemed $258,461 5 6 7 8 9 0 2 3 -0 r-0 -0 l-0 -0 -1 -1 r-1 an a ay Ju ep ov an a Redemptions 19,889 J M M S N J M

Other

Parking spots saved 616.4 avg per week day DEFINITIONS & VARIABLES

New NuRiders = NuRiders who joined during the specified period

Total NuRiders = total NuRiders as of the end date

Active NuRiders (#) = all NuRiders who have taken at least 1 trip as of the end date

Active NuRiders (%) = (active NuRiders) / (total NuRiders)

Prev. dr. alone = abbreviation for "previously drove alone" — the percent of people who drove alone prior to joining NuRide

Organizations = the number of organizations in the selected region(s) that have at least 1 NuRide member

Recorded trips = number of recorded trips during the specified period

Reduced car trips = the number of car trips not taken during the specified period

Reduced miles (VMT) = the number of vehicle miles not driven during the specified period

Reduced car starts (VT) = the number of times a car was not started during the specified period

Reduced NOx (tons) = the total NOx not emitted during the specified period

Reduced VOC (tons) = the total VOC not emitted during the specified period

Reduced CO2 (tons) = the total CO2 not emitted during the specified period

Total reduced emissions = the total NOx, VOC & CO2 not emitted during the specified period

Adjusted results = recorded results multiplied by the Prev. dr. alone percentage, indicating trips taken by people who used to drive alone

Money saved = the value of the savings realized by not driving during the specified period

Rewards redeemed = the value of the rewards redeemed during the specified period

Redemptions = total number of redemptions during the specified period

Parking spots saved = the average number of parking spots saved for the most recent 4-week period

NOx - trip end emissions = 0.9905 grams per one-way VT

NOx - running emissions = 0.6995 grams per VMT

VOC - trip end emissions = 2.3454 grams per one-way VT

VOC - running emissions = 0.217 grams per VMT