Statistical Yearbook of Helsinki 2011 Explanation of Symbols
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9th volume City of Helsinki Urban Facts Address P.O. Box 5500, FI-00099 City of Helsinki, Finland (Siltasaarenkatu 18–20 A) Telephone +358 9 310 3612 Telefax 09 310 36601 Publications can be ordered tel. + 358 9 310 36293 Direct sales Urban Facts Library, Siltasaarenkatu 18–20 A, tel. + 358 9 310 36377 Web shop http://granum.uta.fi Inquiries Statistics and information services Sini Askelo, tel. +358 9 310 36394, [email protected] Aila Perttilä, tel. +358 9 310 36399, [email protected] Telefax +358 9 310 36601 ISBN 978-952-272-207-2 Contents To the reader ..............................................................................................................................................................................6 Explanation of symbols ..........................................................................................................................................................7 1 Area and environment ...............................................................................................................................................9 2 Population .................................................................................................................................................................... 13 3 Housing ......................................................................................................................................................................... 25 4 Transport and communications ......................................................................................................................... 33 5 Health care ................................................................................................................................................................... 37 6 Social wellfare ............................................................................................................................................................. 43 7 Education ...................................................................................................................................................................... 49 8 Culture and leisure ................................................................................................................................................... 53 9 Energy and water supply ....................................................................................................................................... 57 10 City finances and personnel ................................................................................................................................. 61 11 Labour force ................................................................................................................................................................ 65 12 Economic activities ................................................................................................................................................... 69 13 Income and consumption ..................................................................................................................................... 73 14 Justice and public safety ........................................................................................................................................ 77 15 Elections ........................................................................................................................................................................ 81 To the reader The Statistical Yearbook of Helsinki was published for the first time in 1908. Since then, it has been renewed several times, but its objective, i.e. to describe the city and its inhabitants from many angles, has remained. The 2011 edition is only the 99th due to the book not being published certain years because of exceptional conditions. The 264 tables of the yearbook provide basic knowledge about Helsinki and its residents. Additional data on many themes can be found in the statistical pub- lications, electronic data and databases of City of Helsinki Urban Facts Office. See http://www.hel.fi/tietokeskus. Many of the tables also present comparative data from the rest of the Helsinki Metropolitan Area, the Helsinki Region and Finland as a whole. The yearbook also contains a chapter on major cities in the rest of Scandinavia and one on the capi- tals of Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia, and on the city of S:t Petersburg. Statistics by district and sub-district are available in the Helsinki Region Statis- tics http://www.aluesarjat.fi, and statistics on the Helsinki Region on the open re- gional web service Helsinki Region Infoshare http://www.hri.fi. The library of Hel- sinki City Urban Facts Office also provides information. The yearbook was compiled by City of Helsinki Urban Facts Office’s Unit for Sta- tistics and Information Services. The editing has been headed by Senior Statistician Sini Askelo, and the actual editorial work was carried out by Statistics Secretary Aila Perttilä. Statistics Secretary Annikki Suihkonen made the graphs. The layout has been made by Statistics Secretary Sirkka Koski. The cover has been planned and realized by graphic designer Olli Turunen of Tovia Design Oy Ltd. We want to thank all our numerous cooperation partners within and outside the city administration for their valuable help in providing data for the tables. Helsinki, December 2011 Leila Lankinen Information Manager 6 STATISTICAL YEARBOOK OF HELSINKI 2011 Explanation of symbols Coefficients for monetary value 2009 currency rate 2010 currency rate Year Coefficient Year Coefficient 1950 17,300 1950 17,510 1960 12,536 1960 12,688 1970 7,758 1970 7,852 1980 2,657 1980 2,690 1985 1,765 1985 1,787 1990 1,386 1990 1,403 1995 1,245 1995 1,260 2000 1,153 2000 1,167 2008 1,000 2009 1,012 2009 1,000 2010 1,000 Explanation of symbols Magnitude nil – Magniture less than half of unit employed 0 Data subject to secrecy ... Data not available .. Category not applicable . Preliminary data * Corrected figure u Men M Women W A horizontal line drawn across a time series shows substantial breaks in the homogeneity of a series. STATISTICAL YEARBOOK OF HELSINKI 2011 7 Major districts in Helsinki . North-Eastern Major . Östersundom District . Northern Major District Major District . Eastern Major District . Central Major District . Western Major District . Southern Major District . South-Eastern Major District © Helsingin kaupunki, Kaupunkimittausosasto 079/2009, © Aineistot: Helsingin mittausosasto Land use 2010 Residential area Park, field or forest area Industrial area . North-Eastern Major . Östersundom District Major District . Northern Major District . Eastern Major District . Central Major District . Western Major District . Southern Major District . South-Eastern Major District © Helsingin kaupunki, Kaupunkimittausosasto 079/2009, © Aineistot: Helsingin mittausosasto 8 STATISTICAL YEARBOOK OF HELSINKI 2011 1 Area and environment List of diagrams and tables Area and environment 1.1 Area and population density by major district ..............................................................................10 1.2 Air temperature, sea-water temperature and water-level 1995–2010 .....................................10 1.3 Respirable particles (PM10), nitrogen dioxide and ozone in the air 2005–2010 ....................11 1.4 Green house gas emissions corresponding to consumption in Helsinki 1990–2010 ............11 1.5 Development of water quality in the Helsinki sea area by water quality classification ........12 STATISTICAL YEARBOOK OF HELSINKI 2011 9 1 Area and population density by major district 2011 Area and environment 1.1 Area, km2 Inhabitants per km2 land Total of which land1 1. Southern Major District 122.3 18.1 5,562 2. Western Major District 37.2 31.0 3,284 3. Central Major District 18.9 15.8 5,080 4. Northern Major District 23.4 23.3 1,769 5. North-Eastern Major District 38.1 36.7 2,557 6. South-Eastern Major District 390.7 26.2 1,795 7. Eastern Major District 55.6 35.7 2,896 8. Östersundom Major District 29.4 25.8 82 The whole city 715.6 212.6 2,768 Espoo 528.2 330.2 751 Vantaa 240.4 240.3 833 Kauniainen 6.0 6.0 1,448 Helsinki Region 5,518.4 3,840.9 351 1 Incl. lakes and streams. Source: Helsinki Municipal Data System, Helsinki City Real Estate Department’s City Cadaster Division and National Land Survey of Finland (NLS). Air temperature, sea-water temperature and water-level 1995–2010 1.2 Air temperature1 Sea water temperature2 Water-level2 Mean Max. Min. Mean Max. Min. Mean Max. Min. oC oC cm 1995 6.2 27.7 –24.4 6.7 19.2 -1.0 8 94 –56 2000 7.2 26.3 –18.0 7.7 18.8 -0.1 6 85 –51 2005 6.6 29.6 –18.3 7.3 18.6 –0.3 4 151 –44 2008 7.6 26.9 –10.8 7.6 18.2 –0.2 9 93 –48 2009 6.1 28.5 –18.3 7.9 19.6 –0.3 –5 82 –60 2010 5.0 30.1 –22.6 .. .. .. –10 64 –93 I –10.4 –0.6 –22.6 .. .. .. –37 16 –93 II –8.1 1.6 –21.0 .. .. .. –36 5 –81 III –1.8 6.2 –14.2 .. .. .. –4 27 –43 IV 4.6 14.2 –1.3 .. .. .. –11 13 –27 V 11.5 24.5 0.7 .. .. .. –6 16 –42 VI 14.6 23.6 5.1 .. .. .. –2 36 –24 VII 21.7 30.1 13.4 .. .. .. –6 16 –38 VIII 18.1 28.4 8.5 .. .. .. 1 28 –25 IX 12.2 19.2 3.0 .. .. .. –2 31 –35 X 6.0 14.6 –3.1 .. .. .. –10 33 –41 XI –0.5 8.8 –16.6 .. .. .. 7 64 –53 XII –7.5 1.7 –22.4 .. .. .. –16 25 –52 1 At Kaisaniemi monitoring station. 2 At surface by a quay in the Kaivopuisto district. Source: Finnish Meteorological Institute and the Marine Centre at Finnish Environment Institute. 10 STATISTICAL YEARBOOK OF HELSINKI 2011 1 Respirable particles (PM10), nitrogen dioxide and ozone in the air