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Kaderplan Fortengordels Rond Antwerpen: Deel 1 Strategische Nota

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Kaderplan Fortengordels Rond Antwerpen: Deel 1 Strategische Nota KADERPLAN FORTENGORDELS ROND ANTWERPEN STRATEGISCHE NOTA ONDERZOEK EN VISIE d.d. 17 november 2014 © provincie Antwerpen - Vilda, Yves Adams INHOUDSOPGAVE 1 INLEIDING ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 8 1.1 Doelstelling en opzet van het kaderplan ......................................................................................................................................................................... 8 1.2 Leeswijzer ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9 DEEL 1: PROJECTDEFINITIE ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 12 2 PROJECTDEFINITIE .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 13 2.1 Kader van de opdracht .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 13 2.2 Doel van het kaderplan ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 14 2.3 Werkmethodiek ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 15 2.3.1 Werkschema ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 15 2.3.2 Waarom een kaderplan en geen masterplan? .............................................................................................................................................................. 16 2.4 Overlegproces ............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 17 DEEL 2: SCHETS HISTORISCH KADER ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 18 3 HISTORISCHE GROEI – CULTUURHISTORIE .......................................................................................................................................................... 19 3.1 Voorgeschiedenis .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 19 3.1.1 De Middeleeuwse omwalling van de stad Antwerpen .................................................................................................................................................. 19 3.1.2 De Spaanse Omwalling en de Scheldeverdediging ...................................................................................................................................................... 20 3.1.3 Huidige relicten ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 20 3.1.3.1 Middeleeuwse omwalling .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 20 3.1.3.2 Spaanse omwalling en de Scheldeverdediging ............................................................................................................................................................ 22 3.2 Het Nationaal Reduit Antwerpen ................................................................................................................................................................................... 23 3.3 De verdedigingswerken van 1851 - 1854 ..................................................................................................................................................................... 25 3.3.1 De vesting in 1854 ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 25 3.3.2 Latere ontwikkelingen en huidige situatie ..................................................................................................................................................................... 25 3.4 Aanleg van de Binnenlinie van het Nationaal Reduit ‘de Brialmontomwalling’ (1859-1864) ........................................................................................ 27 3.4.1 Typologie van de forten................................................................................................................................................................................................. 27 3.5 Aanleg van de Buitenlinie van het Nationaal Reduit (1878-1914) ................................................................................................................................ 29 3.5.1 Beknopte geschiedenis ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 29 3.5.2 Typologie van de forten................................................................................................................................................................................................. 32 3.5.3 Huidige relicten werken 1878 – 1914 ............................................................................................................................................................................ 38 3.6 Ruimtelijke spreiding en verdichting van de defensieve lijnen 1914-1945 ................................................................................................................... 39 3.6.1 Beknopte geschiedenis ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 39 2 3.6.2 De Vesting Antwerpen aan de vooravond van WOI ..................................................................................................................................................... 39 3.6.3 WOI ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 40 3.6.4 Interbellum .................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 41 3.6.5 Eindsituatie Interbellum ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 42 3.6.6 Huidige situatie werken WOI en Interbellum ................................................................................................................................................................. 42 3.6.7 WOII .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 42 3.7 Tabel Fortengordels ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 42 3.8 Samenvatting historische groei – cultuurhistorie .......................................................................................................................................................... 44 DEEL 3: BELEIDSKADER............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 46 4 JURIDISCHE CONTEXT .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 47 4.1 Gewestplan en RUP/BPA ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 47 4.2 Natura 2000 .................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 51 4.3
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