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Concorde Is a Museum Piece, but the Allure of Speed Could Spell Success
CIVIL SUPERSONIC Concorde is a museum piece, but the allure Aerion continues to be the most enduring player, of speed could spell success for one or more and the company’s AS2 design now has three of these projects. engines (originally two), the involvement of Air- bus and an agreement (loose and non-exclusive, by Nigel Moll but signed) with GE Aviation to explore the supply Fourteen years have passed since British Airways of those engines. Spike Aerospace expects to fly a and Air France retired their 13 Concordes, and for subsonic scale model of the design for the S-512 the first time in the history of human flight, air trav- Mach 1.5 business jet this summer, to explore low- elers have had to settle for flying more slowly than speed handling, followed by a manned two-thirds- they used to. But now, more so than at any time scale supersonic demonstrator “one-and-a-half to since Concorde’s thunderous Olympus afterburn- two years from now.” Boom Technology is working ing turbojets fell silent, there are multiple indi- on a 55-seat Mach 2.2 airliner that it plans also to cations of a supersonic revival, and the activity offer as a private SSBJ. NASA and Lockheed Martin appears to be more advanced in the field of busi- are encouraged by their research into reducing the ness jets than in the airliner sector. severity of sonic booms on the surface of the planet. www.ainonline.com © 2017 AIN Publications. All Rights Reserved. For Reprints go to Shaping the boom create what is called an N-wave sonic boom: if The sonic boom produced by a supersonic air- you plot the pressure distribution that you mea- craft has long shaped regulations that prohibit sure on the ground, it looks like the letter N. -
Feeling Supersonic
FlightGlobal.com May 2021 How Max cuts hurt Boeing backlog Making throwaway Feeling aircraft aff ordable p32 Hydrogen switch for Fresson’s Islander p34 supersonic Will Overture be in tune with demand? p52 9 770015 371327 £4.99 Big worries Warning sign We assess A380 Why NOTAM outlook as last burden can delivery looms baffl e pilots 05 p14 p22 Comment Prospects receding Future dreaming Once thought of as the future of air travel, the A380 is already heading into retirement, but aviation is keenly focused on the next big thing Airbus t has been a rapid rise and fall for on who you ask. As we report else- Hydrogen is not without its the Airbus A380, which not so where in this issue, there are those issues, of course, but nonethe- long ago was being hailed as the banking on supersonic speeds be- less it appears more feasible as a future of long-haul air travel. ing the answer. power source for large transport IThe superjumbo would be, The likes of Aerion and Boom Su- aircraft than batteries do at pres- forecasts said, the perfect tool for personic view the ability to shave ent, even allowing for improving airlines operating into mega-hubs significant time from journeys as a energy densities. such as Dubai that were beginning unique selling point. However, there are others who to spring up. While projects are likely to be see hydrogen through a differ- But the planners at Airbus failed technologically feasible, to be able ent filter. They argue that so- to take into consideration the to sell these new aircraft in signif- called sub-regional aircraft – the efficiency gains available from icant volumes their manufacturers Britten-Norman Islander, among a new generation of widebody will have to ensure that supersonic others – can be given fresh impetus twinjets that allowed operators to flight is not merely the domain of if a fuel source can be found that is open up previously uneconomical the ultra-rich. -
W Oltoria Di Un Uo Non Man at Taman Antonio La D
W OLTORIA DI UN USUO NON20180134382A1 MAN AT TAMAN ANTONIOLA D ( 19) United States (12 ) Patent Application Publication ( 10) Pub . No. : US 2018 /0134382 A1 Scholl et al. (43 ) Pub . Date : May 17 , 2018 ( 54 ) COMMERCIAL SUPERSONIC AIRCRAFT Publication Classification AND ASSOCIATED SYSTEMS AND (51 ) Int. Cl. METHODS B64C 30 / 00 (2006 .01 ) B64D 13 /08 ( 2006 . 01) ( 71) Applicant: Boom Technology, Inc. , Englewood , B64D 43 / 00 (2006 . 01 ) CO (US ) B64D 11 /06 ( 2006 .01 ) (72 ) Inventors : Nathaniel Blake Scholl, Englewood , (52 ) U . S . CI. CO (US ) ; Joe Wilding, Englewood , CO CPC . .. .. B64C 30 / 00 ( 2013 .01 ) ; B64D 13 / 08 (US ) ; Josh Krall, Englewood , CO (2013 .01 ) ; B64D 2013 /0618 (2013 .01 ) ; B64D (US ) ; Andy Berryann , Englewood , CO 11 / 064 (2014 . 12 ); B64D 43 / 00 ( 2013 .01 ) (US ) ; Michael Reid , Englewood , CO (US ) (57 ) ABSTRACT Commercial supersonic aircraft and associated systems and ( 21 ) Appl. No. : 15 /811 ,327 methods . A representative commercial supersonic aircraft includes a fuselage configured to carry a crew and between ( 22 ) Filed : Nov . 13 , 2017 20 and 60 passengers, a delta wing mounted to the fuselage , and a propulsion system carried by at least one of the wing Related U . S . Application Data and the fuselage , the propulsion system including a plurality (60 ) Provisional application No . 62 /421 , 870 , filed on Nov . of engines , at least one variable - geometry inlet , and at least 14 , 2016 . one variable - geometry nozzle . 101 103 100 102 51216 Chen 110 - - - - 000000 - - -
Some Supersonic Aerodynamics
Some Supersonic Aerodynamics W.H. Mason Configuration Aerodynamics Class Grumman Tribody Concept – from 1978 Company Calendar The Key Topics • Brief history of serious supersonic airplanes – There aren’t many! • The Challenge – L/D, CD0 trends, the sonic boom • Linear theory as a starting point: – Volumetric Drag – Drag Due to Lift • The ac shift and cg control • The Oblique Wing • Aero/Propulsion integration • Some nonlinear aero considerations • The SST development work • Brief review of computational methods • Possible future developments Are “Supersonic Fighters” Really Supersonic? • If your car’s speedometer goes to 120 mph, do you actually go that fast? • The official F-14A supersonic missions (max Mach 2.4) – CAP (Combat Air Patrol) • 150 miles subsonic cruise to station • Loiter • Accel, M = 0.7 to 1.35, then dash 25nm – 4 ½ minutes and 50nm total • Then, head home or to a tanker – DLI (Deck Launch Intercept) • Energy climb to 35K ft., M = 1.5 (4 minutes) • 6 minutes at 1.5 (out 125-130nm) • 2 minutes combat (slows down fast) After 12 minutes, must head home or to a tanker Very few real supersonic airplanes • 1956: the B-58 (L/Dmax = 4.5) – In 1962: Mach 2 for 30 minutes • 1962: the A-12 (SR-71 in ’64) (L/Dmax = 6.6) – 1st supersonic flight, May 4, 1962 – 1st flight to exceed Mach 3, July 20, 1963 • 1964: the XB-70 (L/Dmax = 7.2) – In 1966: flew Mach 3 for 33 minutes • 1968: the TU-144 – 1st flight: Dec. 31, 1968 • 1969: the Concorde (L/Dmax = 7.4) – 1st flight, March 2, 1969 • 1990: the YF-22 and YF-23 (supercruisers) – YF-22: 1st flt. -
Avitrader Monthly MRO Magazine
July 2014 - www.avitrader.com FARNBOROUGH SPECIAL Airbus has a field day Company Profile Delta TechOps MRO News from around the world People on the Move latest appointments IBA Analysis Editor‘s Page 2 OEMs out in full force This year’s instalment of Farnborough will no- Al Baker told trade reporters that this trend company is also hoping to conclude a sale to a tably be remembered for the strong presence could lead to manufacturers losing business to Western airline “very soon.” of the aircraft manufacturers representing other OEMs and that airlines rather appreci- every sector from regional to long haul. They ated choice. And of course the mood at Farnborough was were all out to showcase new products and temporarily dampened as news of the Malay- highlight their programme updates. Airbus has responded by saying they (Airbus) sian Airlines MH17 777 trickled in. The whole has “taken the liberty to negotiate a good en- thing has an eerily resemblance to the Iran Air Clearly, Airbus was high on that list with the gine price with Rolls-Royce for all customers 655 incident back in the 1980s. No doubt it’s announcement of the A330neo and the selec- in advance.” another blow to the Malaysian carrier. tion of Rolls Royce as the sole engine supplier. However, not everyone welcomed the news Sukhoi, for the first time brought two SSJ 100 Keith Mwanalushi and the current trend by Airbus and Boeing aircraft as part of the static display. Sukhoi are Editor to offer a single power plant for their new hoping to capture a 20-25% share of the 90 to wide body planes. -
Los Motores Aeroespaciales, A-Z
Sponsored by L’Aeroteca - BARCELONA ISBN 978-84-608-7523-9 < aeroteca.com > Depósito Legal B 9066-2016 Título: Los Motores Aeroespaciales A-Z. © Parte/Vers: 1/12 Página: 1 Autor: Ricardo Miguel Vidal Edición 2018-V12 = Rev. 01 Los Motores Aeroespaciales, A-Z (The Aerospace En- gines, A-Z) Versión 12 2018 por Ricardo Miguel Vidal * * * -MOTOR: Máquina que transforma en movimiento la energía que recibe. (sea química, eléctrica, vapor...) Sponsored by L’Aeroteca - BARCELONA ISBN 978-84-608-7523-9 Este facsímil es < aeroteca.com > Depósito Legal B 9066-2016 ORIGINAL si la Título: Los Motores Aeroespaciales A-Z. © página anterior tiene Parte/Vers: 1/12 Página: 2 el sello con tinta Autor: Ricardo Miguel Vidal VERDE Edición: 2018-V12 = Rev. 01 Presentación de la edición 2018-V12 (Incluye todas las anteriores versiones y sus Apéndices) La edición 2003 era una publicación en partes que se archiva en Binders por el propio lector (2,3,4 anillas, etc), anchos o estrechos y del color que desease durante el acopio parcial de la edición. Se entregaba por grupos de hojas impresas a una cara (edición 2003), a incluir en los Binders (archivadores). Cada hoja era sustituíble en el futuro si aparecía una nueva misma hoja ampliada o corregida. Este sistema de anillas admitia nuevas páginas con información adicional. Una hoja con adhesivos para portada y lomo identifi caba cada volumen provisional. Las tapas defi nitivas fueron metálicas, y se entregaraban con el 4 º volumen. O con la publicación completa desde el año 2005 en adelante. -Las Publicaciones -parcial y completa- están protegidas legalmente y mediante un sello de tinta especial color VERDE se identifi can los originales. -
10. Supersonic Aerodynamics
Grumman Tribody Concept featured on the 1978 company calendar. The basis for this idea will be explained below. 10. Supersonic Aerodynamics 10.1 Introduction There have actually only been a few truly supersonic airplanes. This means airplanes that can cruise supersonically. Before the F-22, classic “supersonic” fighters used brute force (afterburners) and had extremely limited duration. As an example, consider the two defined supersonic missions for the F-14A: F-14A Supersonic Missions CAP (Combat Air Patrol) • 150 miles subsonic cruise to station • Loiter • Accel, M = 0.7 to 1.35, then dash 25 nm - 4 1/2 minutes and 50 nm total • Then, must head home, or to a tanker! DLI (Deck Launch Intercept) • Energy climb to 35K ft, M = 1.5 (4 minutes) • 6 minutes at M = 1.5 (out 125-130 nm) • 2 minutes Combat (slows down fast) After 12 minutes, must head home or to a tanker. In this chapter we will explain the key supersonic aerodynamics issues facing the configuration aerodynamicist. We will start by reviewing the most significant airplanes that had substantial sustained supersonic capability. We will then examine the key physical underpinnings of supersonic gas dynamics and their implications for configuration design. Examples are presented showing applications of modern CFD and the application of MDO. We will see that developing a practical supersonic airplane is extremely demanding and requires careful integration of the various contributing technologies. Finally we discuss contemporary efforts to develop new supersonic airplanes. 10.2 Supersonic “Cruise” Airplanes The supersonic capability described above is typical of most of the so-called supersonic fighters, and obviously the supersonic performance is limited. -
Aviation Week & Space Technology
STARTS AFTER PAGE 38 How AAR Is Solving Singapore Doubles Its Workforce Crisis RICH MEDIA Down on Aviation ™ EXCLUSIVE $14.95 FEBRUARY 10-23, 2020 BRACING FOR Sustainability RICH MEDIA EXCLUSIVE Digital Edition Copyright Notice The content contained in this digital edition (“Digital Material”), as well as its selection and arrangement, is owned by Informa. and its affiliated companies, licensors, and suppliers, and is protected by their respective copyright, trademark and other proprietary rights. Upon payment of the subscription price, if applicable, you are hereby authorized to view, download, copy, and print Digital Material solely for your own personal, non-commercial use, provided that by doing any of the foregoing, you acknowledge that (i) you do not and will not acquire any ownership rights of any kind in the Digital Material or any portion thereof, (ii) you must preserve all copyright and other proprietary notices included in any downloaded Digital Material, and (iii) you must comply in all respects with the use restrictions set forth below and in the Informa Privacy Policy and the Informa Terms of Use (the “Use Restrictions”), each of which is hereby incorporated by reference. Any use not in accordance with, and any failure to comply fully with, the Use Restrictions is expressly prohibited by law, and may result in severe civil and criminal penalties. Violators will be prosecuted to the maximum possible extent. You may not modify, publish, license, transmit (including by way of email, facsimile or other electronic means), transfer, sell, reproduce (including by copying or posting on any network computer), create derivative works from, display, store, or in any way exploit, broadcast, disseminate or distribute, in any format or media of any kind, any of the Digital Material, in whole or in part, without the express prior written consent of Informa. -
After Concorde, Who Will Manage to Revive Civilian Supersonic Aviation?
After Concorde, who will manage to revive civilian supersonic aviation? By François Sfarti and Sebastien Plessis December 2019 Commercial aircraft are flying at the same speed as 60 years ago. Since Concorde, which made possible to fly from Paris to New York in only 3h30, no civilian airplane has broken the sound barrier. The loudness of the sonic boom was a major technological lock to Concorde success, but 50 years after its first flight, an on-going project led by NASA is about to make supersonic flights over land possible. If successful, it will significantly increase the number of supersonic routes and increase the supersonic aircraft market size substantially. This technological improvement combined with R&D efforts on operational costs and a much larger addressable market than when Concorde flew may revive civilian supersonic aviation in the coming years. Who are the new players at the forefront and the early movers? What are the current investments in this field? What are the key success drivers and remaining technological and regulatory locks to revive supersonic aviation? EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Commercial aircraft are typically flying between 800 km/h and 900 km/h, which is between 75% and 85% of the speed of sound. It is the same speed as 60 years ago and since Concorde, which flew at twice the speed of sound, was retired in 2003, there has been no civilian supersonic aircraft in service. Due to a prohibition to fly supersonic over land and large operational costs, Concorde did not reach commercial success. Even if operational costs would remain larger than subsonic flights, current market environment seems much more favourable: since Concorde was retired in 2003, the air traffic has more than doubled and the willingness to pay can be supported by an increase in the number of high net worth individuals and the fact that business travellers value higher speed levels. -
S U Personics + Clim a Te
MOON LANDING 36 HYPERSONICS 14 SPACE ECONOMY 30 What Apollo can teach Artemis Predicting overheating A new role for space-faring governments ICS + ON CL RS IM E A P T U E S Mach 1 passenger jets could exacerbate aviation’s carbon footprint. The search for solutions is underway. PAGE 22 REPORTER’S PICKS PAGE 18 Your IAC preview OCTOBER 2019 | A publication of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics | aerospaceamerica.aiaa.org SECURE YOUR AIAA CORPORATE MEMBERSHIP TODAY! Take advantage of being a Corporate Member: › Industry recognition › Transformative conversations › Automatically elevate your staff to AIAA Senior Members › Annual forum registration allotment and discounted registrations › Recruit students and young professionals at Meet the Employer events › Plus so much more! LEARN MORE: aiaa.org/corporatemembership CONTACT US TO TODAY TO LEARN WHAT AIAA CAN DO FOR YOU! Chris Semon • Vickie Singer • Paul doCarmo 703.264.7510 | [email protected] FEATURES | October 2019 MORE AT aerospaceamerica.aiaa.org 18 30 36 22 IAC preview Seismic shift in Apollo’s lessons satellite market for Artemis Supersonic transports Our staff reporter describes the Space-faring Experience gleaned International and climate change governments are during the 20th- Astronautical taking a new role century moon program The industry has creative ideas for Congress events she in the satellite can help sustain addressing the warming infl uence of doesn’t want to miss. market as startups today’s momentum proposed Mach 1 passenger jets. and established toward a 2024 lunar By Cat Hofacker companies vie for landing. By Adam Hadhazy investors. By John M. Logsdon By Debra Werner On the cover: Photo illustration aerospaceamerica.aiaa.org | OCTOBER 2019 | 1 RENO, NEVADA 15–19 June 2020 | Reno-Sparks Convention Center CALL FOR PAPERS The AIAA AVIATION Forum is the only global event that covers the entire integrated spectrum of aviation business, research, development, and technology. -
Sonic Boom Reduction of Supersonic Aircraft
Sonic Boom reduction of supersonic aircraft Lovisa Frost, Magnus Almin, Owais Shahid and Sreehari Veditherakalshreedhara TMAL02, Linköping University, 2017 1 Introduction contribution from the nozzle can be reduced by in- stalling a convergent-divergent nozzle on the exit of The concept of supersonic aircrafts and jet engines the engine [2].This installation increases the area of come from the age after the second world war and affect that the pressure is distributed over when the pushed the speed limits of aircrafts forward. Super- shock wave reaches the ground.The same effect can sonic flight has always been a topic of great interest be observed at higher altitudes.[3] Another way to re- due to the potential to reduce inter-continental travel duce the sonic boom is to make the fuselage sleeker, time. However a long row of problems arose and ham- many design are focusing on the nose of the air- pered the development of the supersonic aircraft and craft, such as the project Quiet Spike that Gulfstream in the end only two civilian aircraft ever became op- Aerospace and NASA developed[4]. There is some erational, the Concorde and the Tupolev Tu-144. One research about minimising the turbulent flow over the of the problems that severely limited the use of super- wing, that produces the shock waves. This should be sonic aircrafts was the Sonic Boom. When breaking done with special airfoils that are constructed to in- the sound barrier a high energy shock wave is created duce laminar flow control, this would mean that the trailing the aircraft. -
Engine Values Book Issue: 20 – March 2020
Engine Values Book Issue: 20 – March 2020 Member of ISTAT UK CAA Approval No. UK.MG.0622 www.iba.aero Welcome to the 18th edion of IBA’s Engines Values. We have updated it with current views on engine values, lease rates, maintenance costs and maintenance informaon along with market data supported by IBA.iQ, our Online Plaorm which now provides engine values. In this year’s editorial, we must of course recognise the recent and sudden onset of the Covid‐19 pandemic. At the me of wring, we appear to be nearing the peak of daily new cases though much of this remains uncertain with the world’s governments connuing efforts to promote self‐isolaon and quaranne. The aviaon market has seen a steep drop in demand with some operators parking all aircra and others parking up to 80% of their fleet. Future demand levels remain as yet uncertain, but we are monitoring the situaon carefully. Naturally, due to the unclear condions that lie ahead, the market has effecvely been put on hold and as such all quoted values and lease rates provided in this edion refer to the market situaon immediately prior to the Covid‐19 outbreak. The impacts of Covid‐19 will be far reaching, affecng everyday lives of the world’s populaon for several years. IBA spends a great deal of me assessing the relaonship between base and market values, carefully considering short‐, medium‐ and long‐term factors. So, whilst market values can fluctuate, we remain confident in the connuing stability of base values overall. The variables here will typically be the duraon and scale of the soening values, inevitably affecng some markets more than others.