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A Comparative Study of the Low Speed Performance of Two Fixed Planforms Versus a Variable Geometry Planform for a Supersonic Business Jet

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Dissertations and Theses 6-2014 A Comparative Study of the Low Speed Performance of Two Fixed Planforms versus a Variable Geometry Planform for a Supersonic Business Jet Aaron C. Smelsky Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University - Daytona Beach Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.erau.edu/edt Part of the Aerospace Engineering Commons Scholarly Commons Citation Smelsky, Aaron C., "A Comparative Study of the Low Speed Performance of Two Fixed Planforms versus a Variable Geometry Planform for a Supersonic Business Jet" (2014). Dissertations and Theses. 184. https://commons.erau.edu/edt/184 This Thesis - Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE LOW SPEED PERFORMANCE OF TWO FIXED PLANFORMS VERSUS A VARIABLE GEOMETRY PLANFORM FOR A SUPERSONIC BUSINESS JET by Aaron C. Smelsky A Thesis Submitted to the College of Engineering, Department of Aerospace Engineering in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Aerospace Engineering at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University 2014 Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Daytona Beach, Florida June 2014 Acknowledgements Without the tremendous amount of time and effort put forth by Dr. Gonzalez with this project it would not have been possible. A great deal of gratitude is owed to him for the help editing this document. I am thankful for the quick office visits to the hours spent in his office. I not only appreciate his advice and energy during the analysis phase but also his time in the editing stage. In addition, many thanks go to Dr. Narayanaswami with all of the time he took out of his busy days to assist with the manuscript. Without his knowledge and effort this thesis would have lacked the background and focus it required. His knowledge and guidance was a staple in this research effort. Dr. Mankbadi was instrumental with his guidance, offering great direction and leadership in our meetings. Without his input this project would not have progressed to what it is now. In addition, many thanks are owed to Dr. Mirmirani and Dr. Lyrintzis for assisting in the forward progress of this paper. Lastly, but certainly not least, this paper would not have been possible without the love and support of my wife Amanda. Without her compassionate care and encouragement the long hours would have been tremendously more difficult. iii Table of Contents Page Thesis Review Committee ..................................................................................................... ii Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................... iii List of Tables ........................................................................................................................ vi List of Figures ...................................................................................................................... vii Definition of Terms............................................................................................................... xi List of Acronyms and Variables .......................................................................................... xii Abstract ............................................................................................................................... xiv Chapter I Introduction 1 1.1 Scope ................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Statement of the Problem .................................................................... 1 1.3 Purpose Statement ............................................................................... 2 1.4 Significance of the Study ..................................................................... 2 1.5 Background .......................................................................................... 3 1.6 Limitations and Assumptions .............................................................. 5 II Review of the Relevant Literature 7 2.1 Brief History and Developments of the SSBJ ..................................... 7 2.1.1 SSBJ Studies ........................................................................... 7 2.1.2 Variable Geometry ............................................................... 11 2.1.3 Lift Augmentation ................................................................ 13 2.1.4 Vortex Lift ............................................................................ 27 iv III Methodology 39 3.1 Research Approach ............................................................................ 39 3.1.1 Mission Requirements and Parameters ................................ 40 3.1.2 Planform Geometry .............................................................. 42 3.1.2.1 Variable Geometry – The Baseline Planform ............. 42 3.1.2.2 Fixed Sweep Planform ................................................ 46 3.1.2.3 Delta Planform ............................................................ 46 3.1.3 High Lift Device Geometry .................................................. 46 3.1.4 Incremental Lift Calculations ............................................... 49 3.1.5 Drag ...................................................................................... 61 3.1.7 High Lift Device Weight ...................................................... 66 3.1.8 Wing Weight ........................................................................ 67 3.1.8 Statistical Aircraft Empty Weight ........................................ 68 3.1.9 Specific Air Range (SAR) Ratio .......................................... 69 3.2 VLAERO+© ...................................................................................... 70 3.2.1 Mesh Density for the Study .................................................. 71 IV Results 72 4.1 Initial Fixed Swept and Delta Planform ............................................ 72 4.1.1 Fixed Swept Wing ................................................................ 72 4.1.2 Delta Wing ............................................................................ 73 4.2 Lift Augmentation Devices ............................................................... 74 4.3 Final Fixed Swept and Delta Planform Geometries .......................... 80 4.4 Clean Planforms ................................................................................ 84 iv 4.4.1 CL ............................................................................................. 84 4.4.2 Drag .......................................................................................... 85 4.4.3 L/D ............................................................................................ 86 4.5 Specific Air Range ............................................................................. 87 V Discussion, Conclusion, and Recommendations 88 5.1 Discussion .......................................................................................... 88 5.1.1 Validation of Results ................................................................ 88 5.1.1 Clean Planforms ....................................................................... 91 5.1.2 Augmented Planforms on Approach ........................................ 92 5.2 Conclusion ......................................................................................... 97 5.3 Recommendations and Future Research ............................................ 99 References ......................................................................................................................... 102 Appendices A Bibliography ............................................................................................. 109 B Typical Values and Results ....................................................................... 111 C Statistical Values Used in Wx ................................................................... 113 v List of Tables Page Table 2.1 Experimental Trimmed Maximum Lift Coefficients for Several Airplanes with Active Flap Systems ............................................................................................ 24 3.1 Aircraft Design Parameters .................................................................................. 40 3.2 Flight Conditions ................................................................................................. 41 3.3 Unswept Variable Geometry Wing Dimensions ................................................. 44 3.4 Swept Aft Variable Geometry Wing Dimensions ............................................... 45 3.5 Initial Delta Planform Geometry Wing Dimensions ........................................... 46 3.6 Basic Trailing Edge Flap Dimensions ................................................................ 47 4.1 Fixed Swept Wing Dimensions ........................................................................... 80 4.2 Delta Planform Final Dimensions ....................................................................... 81 4.3 Comparison Between Final VLM Geometry and Typical Values ....................... 83 4.4 Comparison of Specific Range Ratios with Wing Weight and Flap Weight Estimates .............................................................................................................. 87 5.1 Comparision of Flap Data ...................................................................................
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