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Florentine and Ottoman Women of the 14Th-16Th Centuries, a Comparative
For more resources, visit the CMES Website For more educational resources, visit the CMES Outreach Website `FLORENTINE and OTTOMAN WOMEN OF THE 14th - 16th CENTURIES - - A COMPARATIVE CURRICULUM UNIT Louise Forsyth Poly Prep Country Day School Teach Ottoman Empire Travel Seminar 2009 Length: One to two periods (forty-five to ninety minutes) Level: high school (9-12) When best to use it: at the end of the Italian Renaissance unit in European or world history classes or while studying the early Ottoman Empire Aims: . to evaluate what the Renaissance meant for Italian women, particularly in Florence . to provide a comparison to the conditions of European women with non- European women . to have students examine stereotypical images of Eastern and Western women . to expose students to the social history of the early Ottoman Empire . to introduce students to a variety of issues that are barely touched upon in most textbooks (sumptuary laws, European slavery, prostitution, etc.) . to have students use primary and secondary sources as the basis for learning Lessons: The following materials may be used in one of two ways. A. The teacher can make a handout of the documents and give students a homework assignment, along the lines of the sample assignment at the end of this packet. The next day student responses can be the basis for class discussion. B. Use the documents for in-class activities on Italian and Ottoman women. See below. USING THE DOCUMENTS IN CLASS [minimum: 45 minutes] Introduction: (5 minutes) • Introduce the topic by eliciting student images of the general differences between the lives of Western Christian women and (Ottoman or Turkish) Muslim women. -
The Ottoman Policy Towards Non-Muslim Communities and Their Status in the Ottoman Empire During the 15Th & 16Th Centuries: Interaction of Civilizations Mughul, M
2137 THE OTTOMAN POLICY TOWARDS NON-MUSLIM COMMUNITIES AND THEIR STATUS IN THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE DURING THE 15TH & 16TH CENTURIES: INTERACTION OF CIVILIZATIONS MUGHUL, M. Yakub* PAKİSTAN/PAKISTAN/ПАКИСТАН ABSTRACT This paper focuses on Ottomans liberal policy and tolerance towards the non- Muslims and other religious communities during 15th, 16th century. In particular, it explores the key role of Sultan Mohammad-II in consolidating and harmonizing different cultures and religions across Europe and Asia. The paper also addresses the Islamic attitude towards inter-religious relations, which was at that time quite unknown in rest of Europe, where they were burning its heretics at the stake, whereas races and religions coexisted under the Ottoman rule. It will highlight how the advent of Ottoman Rule in Eastern Europe brought the Muslim and European Civilizations face to face, which ultimately created an interaction among them. Finally, it will describe the image of the millet system introduced during this period, which brought all non-Muslim communities within the Turkish commonwealth, and allowed them to govern itself by its own laws and live in peace in the Ottoman Empire. Key Words: Ottoman, policy, Empire, Constantinople, Turkish, history. INTRODUCTION The Ottoman Empire1 would be defined as a mosaic of different cultures and religions, which provided peace and harmony among members of society without distinction between Muslim and non-Muslim, race, and color. The story of Ottoman history involves not only the Ottoman dynasty but the many peoples who ruled the Empire and were ruled by it: Turks, Arabs, Serbs, Greeks, Armenians, Jews, Bulgarians, Hungarians, Albanians, North Africans and others. -
Was Suleiman?
NEW YORK STATE SOCIAL STUDIES RESOURCE TOOLKIT 9th Grade Suleiman Inquiry How “Magnificent” Was Suleiman? Titian, painting of Suleiman, c1530 ©World History Archive/Newscom Supporting Questions 1. How was Suleiman characterized during his reign? 2. How did Suleiman expand the Ottoman Empire? 3. What changes did Suleiman make to the governance of the Ottoman Empire? 4. To what extent did Suleiman promote tolerance in the Ottoman Empire? THIS WORK IS LICENSED UNDER A CREATIVE COMMONS ATTRIBUTION- NONCOMMERCIAL- SHAREALIKE 4.0 INTERNATIONAL LICENSE. 1 NEW YORK STATE SOCIAL STUDIES RESOURCE TOOLKIT 9th Grade Suleiman Inquiry How “Magnificent” Was Suleiman? 9.7 OTTOMANS AND MING PRE-1600: Christianity, Islam, and Neo-Confucianism influenced the New York State development of regions and shaped key centers of power in the world between 1368 and 1683. The Social Studies Ottoman Empire and Ming Dynasty were two powerful states, each with a view of itself and its place in the Framework Key world. Idea & Practices Gathering, Using, and Interpreting Evidence Comparison and Contextualization Staging the Students read an excerpt from the National Geographic (2014) article “After 450 Years, Archaeologists Still Question Hunting for Magnificent Sultan’s Heart.” Discuss what reasons might explain the fascination with finding Suleiman’s remains. Supporting Question 1 Supporting Question 2 Supporting Question 3 Supporting Question 4 How was Suleiman How did Suleiman expand What changes did Suleiman To what extent did Suleiman characterized during his the -
The Ottoman Empire in the Time of Suleiman the Magnificent
HARVARD HISTORICAL STUDIES PUBLISHED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY FROM THE INCOME OF THE HENRY WARREN TORREY FUND VOLUME XVIII HARVARD HISTORICAL STUDIES of the American Slave X The Administration of «»« African By Louis Clikton I. The Suppression ^JvolutionaxyArmy. $1.50 net. Hatch, Ph.D. 8vo. 8vo. $i.Sonet. and the Patronage. of "The Crisis." XI The Civil Service Mitor Ph.D., Professor of the By CARL RUSSELL FISH, »T T»,» rnntest over the RatlficaOon Un.versay of American History in the in Massachusetts of' nei. %IderS ConSion 8vo. $2.00 Professor of Euro- Wisconsin. Iv S B Harding. Ph.D., of the in Indiana Development of Freedom ^n^tory Universay.^8vo.^ Xn. The ^- Press m Massachusetts. By y^ the U-v«- Ph.D., President of DuNmAV, net. 8vo. $1.50 sity of Wyoming. Apiculture- L^rrsecrel^/of in Canada. S" Xra. The Seigniorial System 8vo. Professor of By W. B. MUNRO. Ph.D., in Harvard Univer- M^unTcipal Government sity. 8vo. By Wa r».ATuuj...b..«..beM.s».8vo. »' » The Frankpledge System. chusetts Senate. XIV. Assistant TT4M Alfred Morris, Ph.D., British Municipal in the Umvcr V A Biblioeraphy of Pr«'of English History 8vo. $1.50 net. sity of California. 8vo. , . 8vo. Relne YVT Memoire de Marie Caroline, Edited by ROBERT MATTESON ' ^5 ^"JeSs Professor of College. 8vo. A.M., Assistant liams TOHNSTON, Umvers.y. Cm History in Harvard Colonies 8vo. llsh "VfEEVE Ph.D., Professor professor of Ancient 8vo. '.?:fPh D., M^S rdMarn'HistoryinHarvardUn.v..ty. 8vo. G. T. net. of the Ottonwin LA'-^^^.'/^-^o'8vo. -
The Ottoman Way of Governing Multi-Ethnic and Multi-Religious Communities Osmanlının Çoklu Etnik Ve Dini Toplumları Yönetme Metodu
THE OTTOMAN WAY OF GOVERNING MULTI-ETHNIC AND 135 MULTI-RELIGIOUS COMMUNITIES The Ottoman Way of Governing Multi-Ethnic and Multi-Religious Communities Osmanlının Çoklu Etnik ve Dini Toplumları Yönetme Metodu Memet Yetişgin∗ Abstract Although ruling over multi-ethnic and multi-religious communities for many centuries in some of the most troubled regions in the world was not an easy task, the Ottoman Turks had pretty much succeeded in doing this. For this, the administrative methods of the Ottomans were allowed to be shaped by geographic, ethnic, religious and cultural environments and needs. Even though the Ottoman Turks strictly adhered to the Islamic laws, they did not hesitate to introduce new laws shaped by a long Turkish history and tradition to create better opportunities to both the ruler and the ruled. Despite some shortcomings, the Ottoman ruling practices had its merit in dealing with mixed communities quite different from each other. Until the modern times, the Ottoman administration was understandable and acceptable to the whole subjects. In the modern times, because of the rise of Europe in political, military, economic and cultural matters, the minorities in the Empire increasingly became dissatisfied with their conditions and demanded new reforms and rebelled against the state for separation. In this stage, though the Ottoman administration tried to satisfy the whole subjects by introducing new reforms, it failed to hold its subjects and territories intact because of great obstacles. Key Words: The Ottoman Governance, Minorities, Non-Muslims, Millet, the Balkans, the Turks. Özet Asırlarca dünyanın en zorlu bölgelerinde yaşayan çok dinli ve etnik yapılı toplumları yönetmek kolay bir iş olmasa da, bunu Osmanlı Türkleri büyük ölçüde başarmıştır. -
How the Ottoman Empire Finally Ended the Byzantine Empire
The Means of Destruction: How the Ottoman Empire Finally Ended the Byzantine Empire Benjamin Donovan Donovan 1 The year 1453 brought with its passing two of the most important historical events of the early modern period: the end of the 100 Years War, and the Conquest of Constantinople by the Ottoman Turks. While both events had a drastic effect on Europe, the Ottoman’s conquest arguably had a greater effect in Eastern Europe, since the Ottoman Turks dominated the diplomatic efforts of the states there for the greater part of the next 200 years. However, no European had any reason to believe that the Ottomans would capture Constantinople, since they had tried two times previously and had failed in both of those attempts. Despite those failures, many factors contributed to significant changes within the Ottoman State that put them in a position to effectively assault the city, and thus establish themselves as an empire worthy of recognition by Europeans. The Ottomans conquered Constantinople and ended the Byzantine Empire by military conquests and diplomatic treaties by Mehmet II’s predecessors Bayezid I and Murat II. In addition, Mehmet II’s desire to prove himself an adequate leader plus western influences on Ottoman military technology and improvements on more traditional Ottoman tactics meant that the Byzantine Empire was brought to its knees. Bayezid I (r. 1389-1402) and his military actions had a profound impact on the later Ottoman conquest of Constantinople since he launched the first Ottoman siege of the city. Bayezid made an earnest attempt to conquer the city, instigating both an eight-year siege and an eight-year blockade of Constantinople in an attempt to bring the rebellious Emperor Manuel II back into submission.1 Although the Ottoman Empire under Bayezid did not have the proper means to capture the city his siege still has relevance because it instilled a general desire in succeeding Ottoman sultans to conquer the city and make good on Bayezid’s adoption of the title Sultan of Rum, or Rome and hence overlord of Byzantium. -
The Ottoman Turks
l,^l';iifi':M» '/.I' CO CD CO '' c THE OTTOMAN TURKS SELL CBRISTIAN LITERATURE SOCIETY FOR INDIA London Madras Colombo Calcutta Rangoon 1915 Sup pi'' v. ,-..-1;.- 1 . GENERAL EDITOR T5ht ^«». (TanoR Sell. "3>.T>.. !Jtt.5l.'::\.S. THE OTTOMAN TURKS Supplied by MINAR BOOK AGENCY Exporters of Books & Periodicals i04, Ghadial)' Building, Saddar KARACHI-3. PAKISTAN THE OTTOMAN TURKS BY The Rev. CANON SELL, d.d., m.r.a.s. FELLOW OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MADRAS AUTHOR OF 'the FAITH OF ISLAM". ' THE RECENSIONS OF THE QUR'AN ', 'THE RELIGIOUS ORDERS OF ISLAM", ' THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE QUR'AN ', 'the LIFE OF MUHAMMAD", 'THE CULT OF 'aLI', 'MUSLIM CONQUESTS IN SPAIN ", ETC. THE CHRISTIAN LITERATURE SOCIETY FOR INDIA MADRAS ALLAHABAD CALCUTTA COLOMBO 1915 A S. p. C. K. PRESS, VEPERY, MADRAS— 1915 DR c ,, CONTENTS PAGE I. —THE RISE OF THE EMPIRE ... ... 1 II. —THE DECLINE OF THE EMPIRE ... 64 III.—APPENDIX A—THE OTTOMAN SULTANS ... 127 IV.—APPENDIX B—OTTOMAN SLAVERY AS AN IMPERIAL ASSET ... ... ... 129 V. —APPENDIX C—OTTOMAN LITERATURE ... 133 VI. —INDEX ... ... ... ... 137 Our empire is the House of Islam; from father to son the lamp of our empire is kept burning with oil from the hearts of the infidels. Sultan Muhammad, the Conqueror THE OTTOMAN TURKS I. THE RISE OF THE EMPIRE Amongst the numerous nomad races of Central Asia there were two great tribes—the Mongols and the Turks—who in the thirteenth century overran a great part of the MusHm empire and penetrated beyond it. Hulagu Khan captured Baghdad, the seat of the renowned 'Abbasid Khalifate, and the Mongols soon overran the Syrian empire of Saladin, which had come now under the rule of the Mam- luk Sultans of Egypt. -
Turks Faces the Challenge of European Governance
SIGMA Support for Improvement in Governance and Management A joint initiative of the OECD and the European Union, principally financed by the EU “Saving the State” Again: Turks Face the Challenge of European Governance1 Dr. Kivanç Ulusoy Center for European Studies Middle East Technical University Ankara, Turkey “The states will make further surrenders of sovereignty if, but only if, they have to in the attempt to survive.”2 Introduction During the last two centuries, Turks had one central problem: “saving the state”.3 “Saving the state” was the spontaneous, sentimental reaction that Turks displayed when faced with the European challenge of political-institutional superiority. Initially emerging in the 19th century from the necessity to resist the impact of the French Revolution by reforming the state, this motive is still relevant in the early 21st century, again in the face of the structural impact of European governance. Finally, “saving the state”, which will be the guiding theme of this paper, conveys a search to transform the basic governing structures in Turkey and to adopt the European mode of governance, precisely by using European techniques of government. The process of regional integration in Europe is taking a clear course towards the creation of a Europe that is fundamentally different from a common market. The creation of an administrative structure composed of local, regional, national and supranational tiers shows that the mobilization of subnational actors is an integral part of European integration. This study reviews the transformation of governing structures in Europe over two centuries: from the rise of the 1 This paper is based on post-doctoral research carried out by the author while he was a Jean Monnet Fellow at the Robert Schumann Centre for Advanced Studies (RSCAS) of the European University Institute (EUI) in Florence. -
The University of Chicago No Empire for Old Men: The
THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO NO EMPIRE FOR OLD MEN: THE YOUNG OTTOMANS AND THE WORLD, 1856-1878 A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE DIVISION OF THE HUMANITIES IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF NEAR EASTERN LANGUAGES AND CIVILIZATIONS BY MADELEINE ELFENBEIN CHICAGO, ILLINOIS DECEMBER 2017 Contents Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................... iii Abstract ......................................................................................................................................... v Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 1 A Popular Response to the Crisis of Sovereignty .................................................................... 2 Saving the State from Itself ....................................................................................................... 5 Ottomanism and the International Turn ............................................................................... 16 Who Were The Young Ottomans? .......................................................................................... 19 Young Ottoman Legacies ........................................................................................................ 22 Outline of Chapters .................................................................................................................. 25 Chapter 1: A Nation in Search -
The Divinely-Protected, Well-Flourishing Domain: the Establishment of the Ottoman System in the Balkan Peninsula by Sean Krummer
The Divinely-Protected, Well-Flourishing Domain: The Establishment of the Ottoman System in the Balkan Peninsula By Sean Krummerich Throughout history a number of states and individuals have aspired to the goal of establishing their rule over the entire world, and many of these have managed to establish large empires encompassing vast stretches of land and a spectrum of diverse peoples. Some of the best known of these multinational empires were the Roman, Habsburg and Russian empires. No less impressive than these is that multinational empire which figured prominently in the history of Europe and the Middle East, the empire established by the Ottoman Turks. The Ottoman state was founded in the early 1300s as one of many small Turkish states in Anatolia by the hand of Osman, from whom the names "House of Osman" (the designation of the ruling family) and "Ottoman" are derived. The state steadily grew under Osman’s successors, and, by the time of the battle of Kosovo in 1389 the Ottomans held extensive areas of land in Anatolia and Eastern Europe. And while state suffered a temporary setback in 1402 when the Turks were defeated by the forces of Tamerlane, it was able to recover. It was under the reign of Mehmed II (1444-81) that the Ottomans realized their longtime goal of conquering the city of Constantinople (1453), which became the new Ottoman capital of Istanbul. The reign of Selim I saw relatively little advance in Eastern Europe but saw the conquest of the Arab Mamluk state of Egypt in 1517, bringing most of the Arab world under Ottoman control. -
Teach Ottoman Empire
CMES: Teach Ottoman Empire Grade: 10th&11th Subject: World History (AP) Prepared By: Abbey R. McNair Grade Overview & Purpose Education Standards Addressed The purpose of this unit is to Nebraska state standards: give the world history student an overview of the Ottoman 12.2.2 Students will analyze the patterns of social, economic, political change, Empire. and cultural achievement in the late medieval period. 12.2.7 Students will analyze the scientific, political, and economic changes of the 16th, 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries. 12.2.11 Students will demonstrate historical research and geographical skills. APWH (1450-1750): . Changes in trade, technology, and global interactions . Knowledge of major empires and other political units and social systems o Aztec, Inca, Ottoman, China, Portugal, Spain, Russia, France, Britain, Tokugawa, Mughal o Gender and empire (including the role of women in households and in politics) . Slave systems and slave trade . Demographic and environmental changes: diseases, animals, new crops, and comparative population trends . Cultural and intellectual developments Summary of the Ottoman Empire Student prior knowledge: . “Islamic civilization was the third major tradition to evolve after the collapse of the . Byzantine Empire and the Roman Empire in the fourth and fifth centuries. From the seventh through geography of the city of fifteenth centuries, it was arguably the most dynamic and expansive culture in the Constantinople world. Indeed, some scholars have described it as the world's first truly global . Islam as a religion and civilization. Islamic society borrowed much from the Greek, Roman, Persian, and governmental structure Indian traditions and spread them as it extended its reach.”* . -
The Ottoman Turks 1St Edition Pdf Free Download
THE OTTOMAN TURKS 1ST EDITION PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Justin McCarthy | 9781317890485 | | | | | The Ottoman Turks 1st edition PDF Book Decline of the Ottoman Empire Starting in the s, the Ottoman Empire began to lose its economic and military dominance to Europe. Fratricide Under Sultan Selim, a new policy emerged, which included fratricide, or the murder of brothers. Enlarge cover. The conquest of Constantinople began to make the Ottomans the rulers of one of the most profitable empires, connected to the flourishing Islamic cultures of the time, and at the crossroads of trade into Europe. The Persian Empire is the name given to a series of dynasties centered in modern-day Iran that spanned several centuries—from the sixth century B. Dec 22, Teresa added it Shelves: haveread. But, not every Sultan followed this harsh ritual. It fills an important gap for an authoritative but accessible account of the rise of one of the world's great civilizations. The plague accelerated a demographic and economic decline that had already begun in Europe in the early fourteenth century. Several attempts at reform kept the empire afloat but mostly addressed immediate issues, and any success was short-lived. All coins unearthed in Sogut during the two centuries before Orhan bear the names of Illkhanate rulers. Ottoman Legacy in the Turkish History, Turkey. Uh-oh, it looks like your Internet Explorer is out of date. This loss added to their already waning status. The Ottoman Empire came to rule much of the Balkans , the Caucasus , the Middle East excluding Iran , and North Africa over the course of several centuries, with an advanced army and navy.