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Invasionen Av Autographa Mandarina (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) I Iistra Sverige L985

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Invasionen Av Autographa Mandarina (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) I Iistra Sverige L985 Invasionen av Autographa mandarina (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) i iistra Sverige L985 NILS RYRHOLM & CLAS F. R. KALLANDER Ryrholm, N. & Killander, C. F. R.: lnvasionen av,4 utographa mandarina (Lepidoptera. Noc- tuidae) i aistra Svcrige 1985. [The invasion of Autographa mandarina (Leprdoptera, Noctu- idae) in eastern Sweden 1985.]- Ent. Tidskr. 108: 130-134. Umei, Sweden 1987. ISSN 0013- tt86x. On the night of August 20-21 1985 a mass migrati<tl of Aungrapha mandarina (Frcver 1846) was observed along the coast-line of Uppland in central Sweden. Autographa mandarina has made a strong expansion in NW Europe during the last 15 years, and the species seems to con- tinue its effort in this direction, On this occasion it was possible to trace the flight path aEd the possible origin of thc invading moths. According to the trajectories and local information, we assume that thcv came from the Vitebsk area in Western USSR and made their 750 km journev in approximately .18 hours, flying non-stop. The distribution of finds of,4 urograp ha mandarino in central Sweden may almost fully bc explained by the occasional weather conditions. N. Ryrholm, Sect. ol Entomology, Dept. of Zooktgy, University of Uppsulu, P.O. Box 561, S-751 22 Uppsala, Sweden. C. F. R. Kiillander, Dept. of MedicalVirology, Biomedical Center, University of Uppsala, P.O. Box 584, S-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden. Massmigration av insekter Ar ett sedan gammalt som 1978. bland insamlade A . v-aureum (.Kerpola kint fenomen. Minga ginger 1r beteendet 1979). Vid gcnomgAng av tidigare insamlat mate- kopplat till speciellt gynnsamma viidersituationer. riaf visade det sig att.4. mandarina i Finland hade Vissa av dessa tillfiillen har undersrikts mer sys- fingats irligen sedan 1972 (Mikkola & Jalas tematiskt varvid klara samband har kunnat 1979). I Danmark observerades A. mandarina for konstateras. I Skandinavien har vi kunnat iaktta forsta gingen l98l (Baungird 1982); fram tilt och vdderberoende insektsmigration frdn alla viider- med 1984 infingades sammanlagt 8 exemplar, streck utom norr. mest fdrekommande dock inom samtliga pi Bornholm. syd-ostsektorn. 1980 pitrlffadcs arten f<ir forsta gAngen i Det sibiriska metallflyet, Autographa man- Sverige. Det frjrst anmdlda exemplaret var fengat Llurina (Freyer,lli46) hor hemma pa varma. torra pi Fageron, Harg. Uppland 14.VIIl (Palmqvist skogs- och stappmarker iett balte tvars dver 1981), men senarc identifierades ytterligare ett Palearktis. Arten ar sedan gammalt kiind frin djur frdn Runsbiick, Oland, taget den 7.VIII 1980. Japan, Kirgisistan, Sibirien, Amur, Kina, Scdan dess har A. mandaina irligen Aterfunnits Kamtjatka, Kurilerna (Kostrowicki 1961, Mik- hiir. Fore 19t15 hade totalt 21 djur rapporterats kola & Jalas 1979) och pi nagot narmare hall fran frin olika landsAndar med ftiljande fordelning: Moskva-omrAdct (Spuler 1908, Petersen 1924). Uppland 1980 ( l). lq82 ( I). 1984 (l); Oland l9tt0 Under senarc irtionden har arten expanderat (l), 1982 (4), 1983 (l), 1984 (4); Gotland 1981 (2), valdsamt vasterut. A. mandarina forekommer nu- 1983 (4), l9it4 (l) och Sk&ne 1983 (1). De svenska mera ganska allmiint pi torra, stappartade fynden spainner dver perioden fren 28.VII till biotoper i Ostra Lettland och Litauen (Sulcs i brev) I 5.IX, vilket tidsmdssigt vil dverensstammer med och i Pskov-omridet (Palmqvist 1981). Vare sig i fynden i Finland. Polen eller DDR hade den dock observerats vid Artens biologi iir friga kiind. I Sverige ar samt- utgingen av l9lt5 (Heinicke i brev). I Norden upp- Iiga djur infingadc med hjiilp av UVJjus. I likhet tiicktes den f<ir forsta gingen i Finland, si sent med Ovriga A ulog rapha-arter tTyger A. mandarina lnvasionen av Autographa mandarina 1985 131 6ven om dagen, nigot som framgir bland annat av det fdrsta finska fyndet, diir djuret fingades tillsammans med blombescikande A. gamma (Mikkola & Jalas 1979). Under 1985 har flera sam- lare lyckats med att fi infingade honor av A. mtn- darina attlagga egg, och en detaljerad beskrivning av artens utvecklingsstadier kan ventas inom kort (Kerpola et al.). De larver som vi fott upp har etit Urtica dioica, Planlagt major och Taraxacum vul- gare. Vir bedomning ar att .4. mandaina i likhet med flertalet andra Autographa sp er pol)'fag. Larven varierar mellan ljust klargron till olivgron med vita rygg- och sidorygglinjer och vita stig- mata. Den dvervintrar som halwuxen. Under 1985 obscrvcrades i juni enstaka indivi- der av cn virgeneration A. mandarina i Lettland (Sulcs i brev). Arten var mycket vanlig i hela om- ridet fr&n Moskva till Pskov under augusti samma ir (Skvorzov i brev), di den likasA var allmdn i dstra Lettland (Sutcs i brev). Aven i Finland togs arten istort antal 1985, ca 400 exemplar infeng- ades totalt under perioden 5.VIII. - ca 15.IX. In- gen fingsttopp noterades dock kring den 20.VIII. (Landtman i brev). I Danmark daremot observe- rades inte ett enda exemplar av A. mandaina ]un- der l9ll5 (Karlsholt i brev). Sommaren 1985 gav del storsta antalet (64 ex) A . mandarina i Sverige nigonsin. F6rsta excmplaren togs l0.VIII pi Svartsjdlandet i Miilaren, Uppland, vid Valar fyr pi Gotland och vid Degerhamn pA Oland. Under augusti ( l0 l7) togs totall 6 ex pi Oland, djurcn fdrdelade sig over istort sett hela rin. Ett ex togs i en fiilla sydost om Handen, S<idermanland 17- 18.VIII. Fram till dess kan arets forekomst av A. mundarina betecknas som normal. Observationer vid invasionstillfiillet Den 20.Vlll besdkte vi vira ljusfiillor ud Oster- niis pi Ridmanso. Uppland. Efter mdrkrets in- brott fortsatte genomgAngen av infingade djur i Hg-lampans sken. Frin kl 23 b<irjadc vi observera flygande A. mandarina och de fortsatte att komma dnda fram till gryningen. lnalles fingades 22 ex i och runt fd,llorna. Ytterligare 4 ex togs i en falla vid Fig. 1 a-d. Lufttryckssituationen i omradet 18-21.VIII 1985 pe 850 niv6n (ca 1500 m) kl00 UTC (fd OMT) Koholma pi 6stra Ridmansci 15-25.VIII. Den ak- mb dvs 02.00 svensk sommartid. Pilarna markerar vindrikt- tuella natten togs 4 djur sydost om Handen i So- ning och storleken vindhastigheten. Liten pil ,1_7 m/s dermanland och 1 ex vid Sorunda p6 sodra Soder- (15-25 km/h), stor pil T-11 m/s (26a0 krn/h). torn. I ver ljusfiilla pA on Messten, ca 60 km norr Ridmanso, fingades under perioden 11- Air pressure maps at the 850 mb level, lor the period om August 18-21 1985 at 00 hrs UTC, Arrows marking 26.VIII 20 ex. Pi cin Eggegrund i Giivlebukten wind direction, and size wind spccd. Small arrow 4-7 m/s togs 2 ex under perioden 15.VIII till 1.IX. Det sist (15-25 km/h). l,arge arrow 7-l I mis (2640 kmih). 132 Nih Ryrholm & Clas F. R. Kiillander observerade exemplaret togs den 24.VIII inne i Handen (Palmquist 1986). Efter det aktuella dyg- net patreffades inga ytterligare A. mandarina pit Ridmanso, trols att fa orna var i ging hela sd- songcn. Flera samlare var aktiva i Nykdpings- OxelosundsomrAdet (Andersson pers. kom.), lik- som i Uppsalatrakten under tiden 19_22.ylll,1rt- an att nagra fler ,4 . mandarina observerades. Pskov o Vfidersiluetionen '.^ I Den 18.VIII ligger ett hogtryck med centrum 6ver Moskva. Eftersom vinden r<ir sig medurs runt o M insk hogtryck (moturs runt Ligtryck) fcirs varmluft med sydliga vindar upp mot Estland och Finska viken och vidare mot nordost. Samtidigt forstarks ett li- tet legtryck med centrum civer Oland och Got- Fig. 2. TrajektorieberAkning av luftmassans veg fram till Ridmans<i. kl. 21 dvs land, vilket ger sydvistvindar over Ostersj<in (Fig. Sluttid 00 .VIII UTC 02.00 svensk sommartid. Cirklar betecknar luftmassans vag vid 850 1a). Under den l9:e forflyttar sig hog- och lig- mb (ca 1500 m hdjd) och trianglar luftmassans vAg vid tryckssystemen lAngsamt dsterut. I korridoren 700 mb (ca 3000 m hdjd). den enskilda cirkeln/triangeln mellan dessa tryckcentra strdmmar varm luft upp markerar sextimmars intervall. frin Svartahavsomridet. Over Minskomridet ir Wind trajectorics cast back from Redmansd August 21 vinden sydlig. Norr om ligtryckscentrum, <iver 00 hrs UTC. Circles describing air movements at 850 mb Estland och norra Lettland, avbrijs den varma (approximatcly at a height of 1.500 m), triangles move- luftstrommen vasterut samtidigt som en annan ments ar 700 mb (approximatcly at a height of 3ffX) m) each symbol marking a six-hour interval. varm luftstrom avleds 6sterut norr om hdgtrycket over Moskva. PA ca 1500 m h<ijd 6r temperaturen ca 15'C (vilket pi denna h6jd iir varmt) och vinden bliser mot nord till nordviist med 20-30 km/h. PE luftmassor fortsAtter, om iin i langsammare takt iinnu hcigre hrijd sjunker temperaturen snabbt och att rora sig vesterut. Samtidigt f<irflyttar sig lig- iir pi 3 000 m vid detta tillfiille ca 2"C. Vidret i trycket frAn Island osterut in dver de centrala de- Syd- och Mellansvcrige ar ostadigt men mestadels lama av Skandinavien och medf6r svalt vader i "vackert". Ett djupt ligtryck s<ider om Island r<ir dessa delar. Under eftermiddagen och kvillen den sig sakta dsterut (Fig. 1b). Den 20:e f<irflyttar sig 20:e m<its varmluften frin ost och den betydligt bAde ligtrycket 6ver Baltikum och hogtrycket svalare luften frin vdst och sydviist (5-7'C pi 1500 over Moskva osterut. Detta medfdr att de varma m) rister om Svealandskustcn (Fig. 1d). Resultatet luftmassorna som slussas upp frAn sydost avleds blir att varmluftmassorna bromsas upp, tvingas runt legtrycket an mer mot vast Over Estland. norrut och cndast tangerar den svenska kusten Samtidigt har ett litet hogtryck bildats river Bot- (Fig. 1d). Den 21 :e tranger legtrycket fran Island tenviken. I hogtryckets dstra del fors kalluft ner ytterligare 6sterut och vadret i sodra och mellersta <iver Finland.
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