Luphephe Nwanedzi Main Regional Water Scheme

CONTRACT WP 9711 DEVELOPMENT OF A RECONCILIATION STRATEGY FOR ALL TOWNS IN THE NORTHERN REGION

VHEMBE DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY MUTALE LOCAL MUNICIPALITY

FIRST ORDER RECONCILIATION STRATEGY FOR LUPHEPHE NWANEDZI MAIN REGIONAL WATER SCHEME

Including the settlements of Folovhodwe, Tshamuya, Tshikotoni, Gumela, Tshitanzhe, Musunda, Muswodi, Shakadza, Vandewe, Tshipale, Tshivhongweni, Zwigodini, Mpumbuluni, Dambale, Tshipise, Mbodi A, Matatani, Tshirunzini, Thahari and Tshokotshoko

DRAFT VERSION 1.3 DECEMBER 2011

Prepared by: Prepared for: SRK Consulting Department of Water Affairs PO Box 55291 Directorate: National Water Resource Planning NORTHLANDS Private Bag X313 2116 PRETORIA, Tel: +27 (0) 11 441 1111 0001 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected]

RECONCILIATION STRATEGY: LUPHEPHE NWANEDZI MAIN RWS REPORT NO. {1}

DEVELOPMENT OF A RECONCILIATION STRATEGY FOR ALL TOWNS IN THE NORTHERN REGION FIRST ORDER RECONCILIATION STRATEGY FOR THE LUPHEPHE NWANEDZI MAIN REGIONAL WATER SCHEME EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The strategy objectives and methodology are presented in a separate report titled “Methodology followed for the Development of Reconciliation Strategies for the All Town Study Northern Region ” and must be read in conjunction with this document. Location and Background Information This document focuses on the rural settlements of Folovhodwe, Tshamuya, Tshikotoni, Gumela, Tshitanzhe, Musunda, Muswodi, Shakadza, Vandewe, Tshipale, Tshivhongweni, Zwigodini, Mpumbuluni, Dambale, Tshipise, Mbodi A, Matatani, Tshirunzini, Thahari and Tshokotshoko. This cluster of settlements is supplied with water from the Luphephe Nwanedzi Main Regional Water Scheme (RWS) and sources water from groundwater.

This scheme is located in the A92B and A92C quaternary catchments of the Luvuvhu/Letaba Water Management Area (WMA) and the A80J and A80H quaternary catchments of the Limpopo WMA.

Agriculture is the main economic activity within the municipality, although no special development framework has been put in place. Demographics, water requirements and availability The population of Luphephe Nwanedzi Main RWS was estimated for 2007 at 18 924 people. This is projected to increase to between 22 403 for a low growth scenario and 24 633 given high growth, by 2030. Water Services data indicates a medium level of water supply, with a large portion (62%) of the population being serviced at or above the RDP level.

Water provided by the scheme is currently sourced from the local aquifer, although no registered allocations are noted. Groundwater abstractions are not metered or reported, therefore actual use is not know. A rough calculation based on the number of equipped boreholes (motorised pumps running 24 hours and hand pumps running for 12 hours) and the average borehole yields, it is calculated that the abstraction volume is around 1.655 Million m 3/a. There are no details on the distinction between domestic and agricultural use, but it is assumed that at minimum 1.300 Million m 3/a of this water is utilised for domestic purposes.

This volume is sufficient for the current and future domestic demands of the scheme. With the expected growth in population, the requirement are anticipated to increase from the 2010 demand of 0.773 to between 1.096 and 1.205 Million m 3/a by the year 2030.

The groundwater quality is noted to be poor, between Class 2 and Class 3, with isolated cases of elevated chloride nitrate and manganese resulting in Class 4 water. Precautions need to be put in place to ensure that the groundwater quality does not deteriorate further.

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Water treatment is currently taking place at Gumela, but no details are available on this plant [11]. The number settlements serviced and capacity of the plant needs to be confirmed to ensure it is sufficient to cater for the future treatment water demands of the scheme.

Strategy/Recommendations • Confirm th e quality of the groundwater as well as the supply area and capacity of the Gumela WTW to ensure sufficient water treatment is available. • Conduct an in-depth hydrogeological assessment of the groundwater to confirm the available resources, water users (do mestic and agricultural) and water quality. • Develop and implement a Water Conservation and Water Demand Management strategy to ensure the effective use of water resources. • Register existing water use and ensure that planned increases in water use are reg istered with the DWA. • Ensure measures are put in place to mitigate and minimise the potential for groundwater pollution. This includes providing adequate sanitation services to the settlements.

Although the water quantity is sufficient, the quality is poor and the capacity of the Gumela WTW needs to be confirmed.

Current and Future Water Requirements

Confidence level of information available for the study area The confidence level for the info rmation in this area is low as groundwater supply is not metered. The level of confidence for the population estimates is regarded as medium .

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The level of data supporting this strategy can be improved through a detailed hydrological investigation into the actual water users (domestic and agricultural) and water supply boreholes. Priority rating for the development of a detailed reconciliation strategy:

With regards to availability of water resources, the Luphephe Nwanedzi Main RWS is considered to have a Priority 1 (low) rating for the development of a detailed reconciliation strategy as the cluster is seen to have sufficient water to cater for its current and future needs.

This is a strategy for the Luphephe Nwanedzi Main RWS and it has been accepted and signed by Vhembe District Municipality, Mutale Local Municipality, DWA North Regional Office and the DWA Head Office (D: NWRP) as follows:

Scheme WMA DM WSA

Luphephe Nwanedzi Luvuvhu/Letaba Vhembe District Vhembe District Main RWS and Limpopo Municipality Municipality

Names:……………………………………………… Names:………………………………………………

Signature:…………………………………………… Signature:………………………………….…..……

Date:………………………………………………… Date:……………………………………….…………

Position:………………………………………...... Position:………………………………………......

Mutale Local Municipality Vhembe District Municipality

Names:……………………………………………… Names:………………………………………………

Signature:…………………………………………… Signature:……………………………………..……

Date:………………………………………………… Date:…………………………………..…..…………

Position:………………………………………...... Position:…………………………………….…......

DWA: Regional Office DWA D: National Water Resource Planning

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 INTRODUCTION ...... 1

1.1 Study area ...... 1

1.2 Regional Setting ...... 1

1.3 Economic Drivers ...... 3

1.4 Confidence Level of Information Available for the Study Area ...... 3

2 POPULATION AND DEMOGRAPHICS ...... 3

3 CURRENT WATER REQUIREMENTS ...... 3

3.1 Present water requirements and historical water use ...... 3

3.2 Level of services ...... 4

4 WATER REQUIREMENTS PROJECTIONS TILL 2030 ...... 4

4.1 Future water requirements ...... 4

5 WATER RESOURCES ...... 5

5.1 Surface water resources ...... 5

5.1.1 Water allocation/s ...... 5

5.1.2 Other water users from the same source ...... 6

5.1.3 Quality ...... 6

5.2 Groundwater ...... 6

5.2.1 Water allocation/s ...... 6

5.2.2 Other water users from the same source ...... 6

5.2.3 Quality ...... 6

5.3 Water Re-use ...... 7

6 WATER BALANCE WITHOUT RECONCILIATION OPTIONS ...... 7

6.1 Water balance ...... 7

6.2 Priority to develop a water supply reconciliation strategy for the town ...... 9

7 WATER SUPPLY INFRASTRUCTURE ...... 9

7.1.1 Water treatment plants ...... 9

7.1.2 Distribution network and reservoirs ...... 9

8 SANITATION ...... 9

8.1 Level of services ...... 9

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8.2 Waste Water Treatment Works (WWTW) ...... 10

8.2.1 Return flows ...... 10

8.2.2 State of WWTW ...... 10

9 RECONCILIATION OPTIONS ...... 10

9.1 Water Conservation and Water Demand Management WC/WDM...... 10

9.2 Rain water harvesting ...... 10

9.3 Groundwater ...... 10

9.4 Re-use ...... 11

9.5 Surface water ...... 11

9.6 Buy-out of water allocations/rights ...... 11

10 WATER BALANCE WITH RECONCILIATION OPTIONS ...... 11

10.1 Estimated Water Requirements and Water Availability ...... 11

11 CONCLUSIONS ...... 11

12 STRATEGY/RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 12

13 REFERENCES ...... 13

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1-1: Locality Map ...... 2

Figure 6-1: Current and Future Water Requirements ...... 8

LIST OF TABLES

Table 3-1: Current service levels ...... 4

Table 4-1: Water Requirement projections...... 5

Table 6-1: Future water requirements ...... 7

Table 6-2: Actual abstraction and registered use ...... 7

Table 8-1: Current service levels ...... 10

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ABBREVIATIONS

AADD Average Annual Daily Demand ALC Active Leakage Control CBD Central Business Districts CSIR Council for Scientific and Industrial Research D: NWRP Directorate: National Water Resource Planning DM District Municipality DMA District Meter Area DWA Department of Water Affairs DPLG Department of Provincial and Local government FC Fibre Cement IDP Integrated Development Plan IRP Integrated Resource Planning LOS Level of Service LM Local Municipality MDG Millennium Development Goals Mm 3/a Million cubic meters/ annum NRW Non Revenue Water NSDP National Spatial Development Perspective NGDB National Groundwater Database PRV Pressure Reducing Valve RDP Reconstruction and Development Programme SA South Africa SDI Spatial Development Initiative SDF Spatial Development Framework UFW Unaccounted for Water WARMS Water Use Registering and Licensing Management System WC/WDM Water Conservation and Water Demand Management WMA Water Management Area WRC Water Research Commission

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WRSM2005 Water Resources Simulation Model 2005 WSA Water Services Authority WSDP Water Services Development Plan WSNIS Water Services National Information System WSP Water Services Provider WTW Water Treatment Works WWTW Wastewater Treatment Works

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GLOSSARY OF TERMS

Aquifer An aquifer is an underground layer of water-bearing permeable rock or unconsolidated materials (gravel, sand, silt, or clay) from which groundwater can be abstracted

Allocation A water allocation is an authority to take water in areas covered by a resource operations plan

Catchment The land area drained by a river and its tributaries

Demand/ A measure of the need for a portion of the supply of water requirement

Demand Measures available to a Water Service Provider to reduce water demand reduction and improve water use efficiency: for example, water restrictions

Entitlement A water entitlement is the general term used to describe water authorities granted under the Water Act, 1998 . This can be either a water allocation, interim water allocation or a water licence

Non Revenue This is the difference between the volume of water into a system and the Water billed authorised consumption for the area being supply by the system

Reliable yield The quantity of water that can be collected for a given use from a supply source or supply option with a specified degree of certainty and predictability, which is determined through analysis.

Reliability of The probability of providing a specified water entitlement under given supply operating conditions for a specified period of time

Supply The quantity of water available for meeting a demand

Supply option A potential future water resource, defined as any location-specific change to water availability, infrastructure or reliable take that will result in the total available supply being increased.

Water balance The differential of demand and supply baseline.

Yield The average annual volume that can be drawn from a supply source or supply option to meet a specified demand at a specified service level. Yield is always associated with some measure of probability of occurrence, whether that is reliability or probability of achieving a level of service. That is, yield is the volume of water drawn to meet demands in a sustainable sense

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1 INTRODUCTION

The Department of Water Affairs has initiated a study for the development of reconciliation strategies throughout the country, in order to ensure effective and efficient management of water resources now and in the future.

The Northern Region study area, comprises of; the water management areas of Limpopo, Luvuvhu and Letaba, Crocodile (West) and Marico, and Olifants and encompasses the Limpopo and portions of Gauteng, North West and Mpumalanga provinces.

This report should be read in conjunction with a separate report titled “ Methodology followed for the Development of Reconciliation Strategies for the All Town Study – Northern Region ”.

1.1 Study area

This document focuses on the cluster in the central portion of Mutale Local Municipality (LM) and includes the rural settlements of Folovhodwe, Tshamuya, Tshikotoni, Gumela, Tshitanzhe, Musunda, Muswodi, Shakadza, Vandewe, Tshipale, Tshivhongweni, Zwigodini, Mpumbuluni, Dambale, Tshipise, Mbodi A, Matatani, Tshirunzini, Thahari and Tshokotshoko. This cluster of settlements is supplied with water from the Luphephe Nwanedzi Main Regional Water Scheme (RWS) and sources its water from groundwater.

This scheme is located in the A92B and A92C quaternary catchments of the Luvuvhu/Letaba Water Management Area (WMA) and the A80J and A80H quaternary catchments of the Limpopo WMA.

The locality map is presented in Figure 1-1.

1.2 Regional Setting

Mutale LM is situated in the northeast of the Vhembe District Municipality and borders on the Kruger National Park in the east, Zimbabwe in the north, Musina and Makhado in the west and Thulamela in the south. Mutale is located within the Limpopo Province of the Republic of South Africa.

The majority of the communities within the municipality are rural. The area is also rich in mineral resources such as gold, diamonds, nickel, coal and magnesium, with the Tshikondeni Coal Mine situated in the north western portion of the municipality.

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Figure 1-1: Locality Map

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1.3 Economic Drivers

The Municipality does not currently have a spatial development framework. Very little development and growth is anticipated within the cluster.

The main economic activity in the area is agriculture, consisting of livestock farming and irrigation.

The municipality is noted to have natural mineral resources, including gold, diamonds, nickel, coal and magnesium. The Tshikondeni Coal mine is located provides coal for the steel industry (mainly Mittal Steel SA).

Tourism also plays a small part in the municipality economics, with the Tshandama Arts and Crafts Centre which markets goods from the entire municipality and is situated in the southern part of the LM.

1.4 Confidence Level of Information Available for the Study Area

The confidence level for the information in this area is low as groundwater supply is not metered. The level of confidence for the population estimates is regarded as medium.

2 POPULATION AND DEMOGRAPHICS

The historical and projected population data is listed below in Table 4-1. A variety of demographics and geographical spatial information data sources were utilised to obtain population data. The methodology is explained in the separate document, “ Methodology followed for the Development of Reconciliation Strategies for the All Town Study Northern Region ”. Two scenarios have been analysed, one being a high growth scenario, while the other a low growth scenario projection.

The Luphephe Nwanedzi Main RWS was assessed as having a positive growth potential. The population is anticipated to increase from the 2007 figure of 18 924 to 24 633 in 2030 in the high growth scenario. 3 CURRENT WATER REQUIREMENTS

3.1 Present water requirements and historical water use

Very little information is available regarding the domestic water supply in this area. Water is currently sourced from the local aquifer. Boreholes are scattered in and around each of the settlement areas. The actual and historical water abstraction volumes have not been metered and no records are available.

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3.2 Level of services

Level of Hardship (LOH) is used to evaluate the standard of water services provided to the communities based on the RDP criteria as specified in the methodology.

WS NIS data was consulted to assess the level of service. Within the supply scheme 62% of the population receives water at a level of service which is at or above the RDP requirements. The current service levels are presented in Table 3-1.

Table 3-1: Current service levels

Above RDP RDP Below RDP None/ own Service level House Yard supply supply resources/ connection connection (<200m) (>200m) supply (>500m) WSNIS, 2007 20% 14% 28% 11% 27%

The LOH for water services is high, with 38% of households below the minimum RDP water levels of service.

4 WATER REQUIREMENTS PROJECTIONS TILL 2030

4.1 Future water requirements

The future water requirements until 2030 are presented in Table 4-1. The assumptions used for the generation of these calculations are summarised as follows:

• Population projections: The projections are calculated using high growth and low growth population estimates, as indicated in Table 2-1. • Current level of service (LOS) estimates: The current LOS is estimated as indicated in Table 3-1. • Future requirements: For planning purposes, the future requirements are projected using “Scenario 3” i.e. LOS assumed to be at a minimum of a Yard Connection by 2015, with a 5% growth in house connections by 2015 and a further 15% growth in house connections by 2020 (total growth in house connections of 20%). RDP is assumed to increase from 25 l/p/d (current situation) to 40 l/p/d by 2015.

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Table 4-1: Water Requirement projections

Population figures Population figures Water Water used in the used in the Requirements Requirements Year calculation calculation (Low Growth) (High Growth) (Low Growth) (High Growth) Million m 3/a Million m 3/a

Actual (1) 18 924 18 924 0.720 0.720

2010 19 819 20 076 0.763 0.773

2015 19 819 20 076 0.846 0.876

2020 21 531 22 742 0.995 1.051

2025 22 036 23 752 1.078 1.162

2030 22 403 24 633 1.096 1.205

(2)(1) Base population is provided for 2007

5 WATER RESOURCES

The settlements within the Luphephe Nwanedzi Main RWS are located in the A92B and A92C quaternary catchments of the Luvuvhu/Letaba Water Management Area (WMA) and the A80J and A80H quaternary catchments of the Limpopo WMA.

5.1 Surface water resources

The Nwanedi Dam is located to in the south western portion of the scheme area. The dam is divided into two segments, the Nwanedi Dam on the western side and the Nwanedzi / Luphephe Dam on the eastern side. These dams are fed by the Nwanedi and Luphephe Rivers respectively.

The Nwanedi Dam is located in the A80H quaternary catchment and has a full supply capacity of around 5.562 Million m 3. Located within the Soutpansberg Mountains, this area is noted to have a high runoff volume [9]. This dam is located with the Nwanedi Provinical Park.

The Nwanedzi / Luphephe Dam was built in 1963 / 64 with a combined storage capacity of 19.200 Million m 3.

5.1.1 Water allocation/s

Surface water is utilised of agricultural purposes, and not part of the main bulk water supply into the area. Discussions with the municipality indicate that plans are in place to utilise the Nwanedi Dam for domestic supply, actual details on this supply volume or expected implementation dates were not available [10].

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5.1.2 Other water users from the same source

The surface water resources are utilised extensively for irrigation purposes. Within the scheme area, the Nwanedi Dam and River have a registered abstraction volume of 1.049 Million m 3/a for agricultural use.

The Limpopo ISP [9] indicates that surface water within the A80H quaternary catchment is currently over allocated.

5.1.3 Quality

No issues relating to water quality are noted in this area [9].

5.2 Groundwater

The 1:500 000 General Hydrogeological map for South Africa published by DWAF (2000), 1:250 000 Geological map series and GRAII data has been used to describe the geology and hydrogeology for the area.

The scheme is located on top of a mix of arenite, siltstone and mudstone from the Karoo Super Group. To the south the geology is dominated by quaternary sands and calcrete along with scattered Karoo dolerite and shale and Soutpansberg basalt.

Groundwater generally occurs in the fractured rocks at around 0.5 – 2.0 l/s. Some higher yielding boreholes are noted in the north of the area which give yields exceeding 5 l/s.

GRA 2 data indicates the recharge varies between 10 and 25 mm/a within the different quaternary catchments. The groundwater resources over the scheme area is calculated to be between 1.219 and 7.728 Million m 3/a for the UGEP (utilisable groundwater exploitation potential) and AGEP (average groundwater exploitation potential) respectively.

5.2.1 Water allocation/s

No registered allocations have been made for domestic supply from groundwater.

Water Services data indicates there are 63 boreholes which are equipped (20 motorised and 43 hand pumps). A further 21 boreholes are of unknown status and 60 are unequipped. A rough calculation based on the equipped boreholes (motorised pumps running 24 hours and hand pumps running for 12 hours per day) at the average borehole yields, it is calculated that the abstraction volume is around 1.655 Million m 3/a. There are no details on the distinction between domestic and agricultural use, but it is assumed that at least 1.300 Million m 3/a is available for domestic supply.

5.2.2 Other water users from the same source

Groundwater has a registered allocation of 0.144 Million m 3/a for agricultural purposes.

5.2.3 Quality

The NGDB indicates that the groundwater quality in this area is noted to be marginal to poor. Elevated chloride, nitrates and manganese result in Class 2 to Class 3 water. Isolated cases

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5.3 Water Re-use

Mutale LM does not recycle and/or re-use grey water and therefore has no policy for grey water management.

6 WATER BALANCE WITHOUT RECONCILIATION OPTIONS

6.1 Water balance

Table 6-1: Future water requirements

Actual 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 Description Source Million m 3/a

Groundwater 1.300 1.300 1.300 1.300 1.300 1.300 Available Supply Total 1.300 1.300 1.300 1.300 1.300 1.300

Water Low Growth 0.720 0.763 0.846 0.995 1.078 1.096 Requirement (no reconciliation options High Growth 0.720 0.773 0.876 1.051 1.162 1.205

Low Growth 0.580 0.537 0.454 0.305 0.222 0.204 Surplus/ Shortfall

High Growth 0.580 0.527 0.424 0.249 0.138 0.095

Table 6-2: Actual abstraction and registered use

Abstraction (Million m 3/a) TOTAL Name Agriculture Domestic Registered Assumed use 1

Nwanedi Dam 1.049 1.049

Groundwater 0.144 1.300 1.434

Notes: 1. The assumed domestic use is based on number of known equipped boreholes and associated borehole yields as described under Section 5.2

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Although the water quantity is sufficient, the quality is poor and the capacity of the Gumela WTW needs to be confirmed.

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Figure 6-1: Current and Future Water Requirements

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6.2 Priority to develop a water supply reconciliation strategy for the town

The water quality and capacity of the Gumela WTW needs to be confirmed to ensure that it has sufficient capacity to treat the required water volumes for the scheme.

The level of data supporting this strategy can be improved through a detailed hydrological investigation into the actual water users (domestic and agricultural) and water supply boreholes.

7 WATER SUPPLY INFRASTRUCTURE

The level of service in the supply area indicates that the majority of the population (62%) is supplied with water either at or above the RDP standard, while the remaining 38% are below this standard.

7.1.1 Water treatment plants

One water treatment works is noted within the scheme area. This is situated at Gumela in the south western portion of the scheme [11]. No further details were available on the settlements which are serviced by this plant. The plant capacity and service area needs to be confirmed as groundwater in the area needs to be treated prior to domestic distribution.

7.1.2 Distribution network and reservoirs

Water Services data indicates that there are 63 boreholes which are known to be equipped, 20 of these are motorised and 43 are equipped with hand pumps. 60 Boreholes are unequipped and 21 are of unknown status.

A further 29 reservoirs are also noted within the study area.

8 SANITATION

WS NIS database gives in indication of a fairly substantial portion of the population (43%) is serviced above the RDP level for sanitation, although no records are available regarding sewage treatment.

8.1 Level of services

The current level of service is indicated in Table 8-1.

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Table 8-1: Current service levels

Above RDP RDP Below RDP Septic tanks, None, Flush toilet Pit latrine digester, de- chemical, Service level (connected to with sludger,effluent bucket or pit sewerage ventilation discharge to an latrine without system) (VIP) oxidation pond, etc ventilation Population (NIS, 2007) 41% 2% 18% 39%

The LOH for sanitation services is relatively high with 39% of households below minimum RDP sanitation levels of service.

8.2 Waste Water Treatment Works (WWTW)

There are no known waste water treatment works servicing this scheme.

8.2.1 Return flows

Not applicable.

8.2.2 State of WWTW

Not applicable.

9 RECONCILIATION OPTIONS 9.1 Water Conservation and Water Demand Management WC/WDM

There is no data relating to the actual water losses within the Mutale LM. In order to quantify losses, actual metered data is needed. Measures will still need to be put in place to ensure that this resource is utilised to its full potential i.e. limiting wasteful use of water.

9.2 Rain water harvesting

There is a low potential for rainfall harvesting.

9.3 Groundwater

Very little information is available regarding the actual groundwater use; therefore various assumptions have been made. Based on number and type of equipped boreholes, together with the general borehole yields, it is calculated that at least 1.655 Million m 3/a of water can be abstracted. There are no details on the distinction between domestic and agricultural use, but it is assumed that at least 1.300 Million m 3/a is utilised for domestic supply. This is sufficient to cater for the current and future needs of the scheme and no augmentation is seen to be required.

The quality of the groundwater is noted to poor, between Class 2 and Class 3, therefore treatment needs to be urgently implemented. The details regarding the existing water treatment works at Gumela need to be confirmed to ensure this plant is sufficient to treat and distribute the required water volumes for the scheme.

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9.4 Re-use

Not applicable.

9.5 Surface water

Discussions with the municipality indicate that plans are in place to utilise the Nwanedi Dam for domestic supply, actual details on this supply volume or expected implementation dates were not available [10]. Since the groundwater resources are seen to be sufficient for the needs of the scheme, the option of augmenting with surface water has not been considered for this strategy.

9.6 Buy-out of water allocations/rights

Not required. 10 WATER BALANCE WITH RECONCILIATION OPTIONS

10.1 Estimated Water Requirements and Water Availability

Based on available information, the domestic water supply does not require augmentation as sufficient water resources are seen to be available to satisfy the current and future needs of the scheme.

The groundwater quality is noted to be poor. This information needs to be confirmed and treatment implemented urgently.

11 CONCLUSIONS • The Luphephe Nwanedzi Main RWS has a current (2010) water demand estimated at 0.773 Million m 3/a, which is projected to increase to 1.205 Million m 3/a by the year 2030 for the high growth scenario. • Domestic water is currently sourced from the local aquifer. Abstraction is not monitored therefore records of actual use volumes are not kept. Assumptions have been made based on available information to give a rough estimate on water use. o A calculation based on the number of equipped boreholes (motorised pumps running 24 hours and hand pumps running for 12 hours) and the average borehole yields, it is calculated that the abstraction volume is around 1.655 Million m3/a. There are no details on the distinction between domestic and agricultural use, but it is assumed that at least 1.300 Million m 3/a is available for domestic purposes. Based on this volume, there is sufficient water available for the current and future needs of the scheme. • Surface water resources are used extensively for agriculture. It has been proposed that the Nwanedi Dam be used to augment the domestic supply to the municipality, but details on this development are not yet available and therefore have not been considered for this strategy. • The quality of the groundwater is noted to poor, between Class 2 and Class 3, therefore treatment is needed. The details regarding the existing water treatment works at Gumela

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need to be confirmed to ensure this plant is sufficient to treat and distribute the required water volumes for the scheme.

• Within the supply scheme 34% of the population receives a level of service above RDP requirements for water provision and 28% are at the RDP level. The remaining 38 % are below this level. • There are no details on the sanitation treatment within the scheme area.

12 STRATEGY/RECOMMENDATIONS

• Confirm the quality of the groundwater as well as the supply area and capacity of the Gumela WTW to ensure sufficient water treatment is available. • Conduct an in-depth hydrogeological assessment of the groundwater to confirm the available resources, water users (domestic and agricultural) and water quality. • Develop and implement a Water Conservation and Water Demand Management strategy to ensure the effective use of water resources. • Register existing water use and ensure that planned increases in water use are registered with the DWA. • Ensure measures are put in place to mitigate and minimise the potential for groundwater pollution. This includes providing adequate sanitation services to the settlements.

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13 REFERENCES [1] Barnard, H. An explanation of the 1:500 000 General Hydrogeological Map. (2000) Johannesburg 2526. Department of Water Affairs and Forestry. [2] VDM (2009) Vhembe District Municipality IDP. June 2009 [3] MLM (2006) Mutale LM IDP 2005/2006 [4] MLM (2010) Mutale LM IDP Review 2009/2010 [5] MLM (2005) Mutale LM SDF Draft IDP Analysis 2009/2010 [6] Water Department of Water and Environmental Affairs (DWAF). Directorate: Services Water Services Macro Planning & Information Systems, March 2006. (2006) DWAF Water Services Planning Reference Framework. Discussion Document Version 1 . Prepared by GIS Project Solutions and GPM Consultants in association with Mr S Marais, DWAF National Planning and information. [7] WDP (2009) WDP Consulting Engineers, Personal communication

[8] ISP (2004a) Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, South Africa. 2004. Internal Strategic Perspective: Luvuvhu/Letaba Water Management Area. Prepared by Goba Moahloli Keeve Steyn (Pty) Ltd in association with Tlou and Matji, Golder Associates Africa and BKS on behalf of the Directorate: National Water Resource Planning. DWAF Report No. P WMA 02/000/00/0304 [9] ISP (2004b) Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, South Africa. 2004. Internal Strategic Perspective: Limpopo Water Management Area: Prepared by Goba Moahloli Keeve Steyn (Pty) Ltd in association with Tlou and Matji and Golder Associates (Pty) Ltd. on behalf of the Directorate: National Water Resource Planning. DWAF Report No. P WMA 01/000/00/0304 [10] Mutale LM Telephonic discussion with Mr Maset he from the Mutale LM. (2011) December 2011 [11] Blue Drop Blue Drop Report 2010, South African Drinking Water Quality (2010) Management Performance. Department of Water Affairs

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