Page BRAHMANISM, BRAHMINS and BRAHMIN TAMIL in the CONTEXT of SPEECH to TEXT TECHNOLOGY Corresponding Email:[email protected]
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The Un/Selfish Leader Changing Notions in a Tamil Nadu Village
The un/selfish leader Changing notions in a Tamil Nadu village Björn Alm The un/selfish leader Changing notions in a Tamil Nadu village Doctoral dissertation Department of Social Anthropology Stockholm University S 106 91 Stockholm Sweden © Björn Alm, 2006 Department for Religion and Culture Linköping University S 581 83 Linköping Sweden This book, or parts thereof, may be reproduced in any form without the permission of the author. ISBN 91-7155-239-1 Printed by Edita Sverige AB, Stockholm, 2006 Contents Preface iv Note on transliteration and names v Chapter 1 Introduction 1 Structure of the study 4 Not a village study 9 South Indian studies 9 Strength and weakness 11 Doing fieldwork in Tamil Nadu 13 Chapter 2 The village of Ekkaraiyur 19 The Dindigul valley 19 Ekkaraiyur and its neighbours 21 A multi-linguistic scene 25 A religious landscape 28 Aspects of caste 33 Caste territories and panchayats 35 A village caste system? 36 To be a villager 43 Chapter 3 Remodelled local relationships 48 Tanisamy’s model of local change 49 Mirasdars and the great houses 50 The tenants’ revolt 54 Why Brahmans and Kallars? 60 New forms of tenancy 67 New forms of agricultural labour 72 Land and leadership 84 Chapter 4 New modes of leadership 91 The parliamentary system 93 The panchayat system 94 Party affiliation of local leaders 95 i CONTENTS Party politics in Ekkaraiyur 96 The paradox of party politics 101 Conceptualising the state 105 The development state 108 The development block 110 Panchayats and the development block 111 Janus-faced leaders? 119 -
GRAMMAR of OLD TAMIL for STUDENTS 1 St Edition Eva Wilden
GRAMMAR OF OLD TAMIL FOR STUDENTS 1 st Edition Eva Wilden To cite this version: Eva Wilden. GRAMMAR OF OLD TAMIL FOR STUDENTS 1 st Edition. Eva Wilden. Institut français de Pondichéry; École française d’Extrême-Orient, 137, 2018, Collection Indologie. halshs- 01892342v2 HAL Id: halshs-01892342 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01892342v2 Submitted on 24 Jan 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. GRAMMAR OF OLD TAMIL FOR STUDENTS 1st Edition L’Institut Français de Pondichéry (IFP), UMIFRE 21 CNRS-MAE, est un établissement à autonomie financière sous la double tutelle du Ministère des Affaires Etrangères (MAE) et du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS). Il est partie intégrante du réseau des 27 centres de recherche de ce Ministère. Avec le Centre de Sciences Humaines (CSH) à New Delhi, il forme l’USR 3330 du CNRS « Savoirs et Mondes Indiens ». Il remplit des missions de recherche, d’expertise et de formation en Sciences Humaines et Sociales et en Écologie dans le Sud et le Sud- est asiatiques. Il s’intéresse particulièrement aux savoirs et patrimoines culturels indiens (langue et littérature sanskrites, histoire des religions, études tamoules…), aux dynamiques sociales contemporaines, et aux ecosystèmes naturels de l’Inde du Sud. -
Between Convergence and Divergence: Reformatting Language Purism in the Montreal Tamil Diasporas
Sonia Neela Das UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Between Convergence and Divergence: Reformatting Language Purism in the Montreal Tamil Diasporas This article examines how ideologies of language purism are reformatted by creating inter- discursive links across spatial and temporal scales. I trace convergences and divergences between South Asian and Québécois sociohistorical regimes of language purism as they pertain to the contemporary experiences of Montreal’s Tamil diasporas. Indian Tamils and Sri Lankan Tamils in Montreal emphasize their status differences by claiming that the former speak a modern “vernacular” Tamil and the latter speak an ancient “literary” Tamil. The segregation and purification of these social groups and languages depend upon the intergen- erational reproduction of scalar boundaries between linguistic forms, interlocutors, and decentered contexts. [Tamils, Quebec, diaspora, linguistic purism, spatiotemporal scales] ontreal is situated within the Canadian province of Quebec, a self- identifying francophone nation that seeks to be recognized as a “distinct Msociety” within North America1 (Lemco 1994). This society’s ever-present fear of being engulfed by a demographically expanding, English-speaking populace has contributed to a heightened level of metalinguistic awareness among French- speaking Québécois citizens. For the residents of Montreal, this metalinguistic aware- ness appears to be even more acute. Often characterized by scholars, politicians, and media as an inassimilable, globalizing element located within the otherwise -
Why I Became a Hindu
Why I became a Hindu Parama Karuna Devi published by Jagannatha Vallabha Vedic Research Center Copyright © 2018 Parama Karuna Devi All rights reserved Title ID: 8916295 ISBN-13: 978-1724611147 ISBN-10: 1724611143 published by: Jagannatha Vallabha Vedic Research Center Website: www.jagannathavallabha.com Anyone wishing to submit questions, observations, objections or further information, useful in improving the contents of this book, is welcome to contact the author: E-mail: [email protected] phone: +91 (India) 94373 00906 Please note: direct contact data such as email and phone numbers may change due to events of force majeure, so please keep an eye on the updated information on the website. Table of contents Preface 7 My work 9 My experience 12 Why Hinduism is better 18 Fundamental teachings of Hinduism 21 A definition of Hinduism 29 The problem of castes 31 The importance of Bhakti 34 The need for a Guru 39 Can someone become a Hindu? 43 Historical examples 45 Hinduism in the world 52 Conversions in modern times 56 Individuals who embraced Hindu beliefs 61 Hindu revival 68 Dayananda Saraswati and Arya Samaj 73 Shraddhananda Swami 75 Sarla Bedi 75 Pandurang Shastri Athavale 75 Chattampi Swamikal 76 Narayana Guru 77 Navajyothi Sree Karunakara Guru 78 Swami Bhoomananda Tirtha 79 Ramakrishna Paramahamsa 79 Sarada Devi 80 Golap Ma 81 Rama Tirtha Swami 81 Niranjanananda Swami 81 Vireshwarananda Swami 82 Rudrananda Swami 82 Swahananda Swami 82 Narayanananda Swami 83 Vivekananda Swami and Ramakrishna Math 83 Sister Nivedita -
Women's Roles and Participation in Rituals in the Maintenance of Cultural Identity: a Study of the Malaysian Iyers
SEARCH: The Journal of the South East Asia Research centre ISSN 2229-872X for Communications and Humanities. Vol. 7 No. 1, 2015, pp 1-21 Women’s Roles and Participation in Rituals in the Maintenance of Cultural Identity: A Study of the Malaysian Iyers Lokasundari Vijaya Sankar Taylor’s University, Malaysia © The Author(s) 2014. This article is published with open access by Taylor’s Press. ABSTRACT This paper examines the roles and rituals practiced by Malaysian Iyer women. The Iyers are a small community of Tamil Brahmins who live and work mainly in the Klang Valley. As an Indian diasporic community, who moved to Malaysia from the early 1900s, they have been slowly shifting from Tamil to English and Malay. They are upwardly mobile and place great emphasis on education but at the same time, value their traditions and culture. Data was derived from interactions between women and men from the Malaysian Iyer community together with personal observations made during visits to their homes, weddings and prayer sessions. This data was studied to obtain insights into cultural elements that ruled their discourse. The findings show that for this diasporic community that was slowly losing its language, ethnic identity can still be found in their cultural practices. Women were seen as keepers of tradition and customs that are important to the community. They followed certain cultural and traditional practices in their homes: practiced vegetarianism while cooking and serving food in their homes, followed taboos regarding food preparation, maintained patriarchal practices especially in religious practices and lived in extended families which usually included paternal grandparents. -
Tamil Brahmin Wedding
TAMIL BRAHMIN WEDDING THE RITUALS AND THE RATIONALE The Hindu Wedding Ceremony has a number of rituals and customs most of which are often felt as superstitious or a waste of time. It is believed to be nothing but rituals and more rituals. But actually what is a " Ritual " ? A ritual begins as a creative rational action to express a sentiment or idea. – For example the lighting of a lamp to dispel darkness at twilight or folding of hands into a "Namaste" to greet an elder. As succeeding generations repeat the actions it becomes a convention – then a RITUAL. A ritual is thus an action on which time has set its seal of approval. The Ritual of the Hindu Wedding too is thus each symbolic of beautiful and noble sentiments. Unfortunately today many perform them without an awareness of the rich meaning behind them. A modest attempt has therefore been made to briefly describe the meaning and significance of the rituals of a Tamil Brahmin Wedding after going through many articles in Internet and compiled them. For the elders, this information may be superfluous but it is hoped that the younger generations, especially those yet to be married, may find this useful. So let me take you on a tour . PANDHAL KAAL MUHURTHAM A small ritual is performed a few days before or at least one day before the wedding to invoke the blessings of the family deity to ensure that the wedding preparations proceed smoothly. The family of the bride pray to the deity who is symbolically represented by a bamboo pole. -
The Sacred Presence of the Guru: the Velala Lineages of Tiruvavatuturai, Dharmapuram, and Tiruppanantal
THE SACRED PRESENCE OF THE GURU THE SACRED PRESENCE OF THE GURU: THE VELALA LINEAGES OF TIRUVAVATUTURAI, DHARMAPURAM, AND TIRUPPANANTAL By KATHLEEN IVA KOPPEDRAYER, B.A., M.A. A thesis Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy McMaster University (c) Copyright by Kathleen Iva Koppedrayer, May 1990 DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (1990) McMASTER UNIVERSITY (Religious Studies) Hamilton, Ontario TITLE: The Sacred Presence of the Guru: The Velala Lineages of Tiruvavatuturai, Dharmapuram, and Tiruppanantal AUTHOR: K. I. Koppedrayer, B.A. (McGill University) M.A. (McMaster University) SUPERVISOR: Professor Paul Younger NUMBER OF PAGES: xi, 363 ii ABSTRACT This thesis examines a set of Saiva religious institutions, the Tiruvavatuturai Adhinam, the Dharmapuram Adhinam, and the Kasi Matha of Tiruppanantal, all located in Tamilnadu, India. Preliminary research indicated that models of monastic retreat and seminary yield incomplete and sometimes distorted pictures of the institutions in their social setting. Mindful of the dynamic character of these institutions, this thesis endeavours to construct a better model of understanding the institutions' basic structure. This work used a variety of sources to gauge the institutions' scope of activity. These sources ranged from classical material, inscriptions, hagiographies, doctrinal and ritual writings, to contemporary records, first-person observation and interviews. In addressing the question of basic structure, the thesis argues that though these three institutions are conveniently called Saiva matas, the matam and the religious institution represent two different abstract entities. The work suggests that the religious institution is structured around the concept of lineage. The institution is above all an aggregate of religious individuals tied together by "fictive kin" ties. -
Translating Tamil Caṅkam Poetry: Taking Stock
Orientalistische Literaturzeitung 2020; 115(4–5): 287–303 Herman Tieken Translating Tamil Caṅkam Poetry: Taking Stock https://doi.org/10.1515/olzg-2020-0096 in an “Afterword” in each book.2 His translations are a true pleasure to read and have no doubt attracted many stu- Wilden, Eva: Naṟṟiṇai. A Critical Edition and an Annotated dents to the study of Classical Tamil. A sense of the same Translation of the Naṟṟiṇai. Pondichéry: École française ambition may be gained from the translations by George d’Extrême-Orient / Chennai: Tamilmann Patippakam L. Hart III,3 Hart and Hank Heifetz4 (henceforth HH), M. 2008. Volume I: Naṟṟiṇai 1–200. xvii, 1–459 S., Volume II: Shanmugam Pillai and David E. Ludden,5 and Martha Naṟṟiṇai 201–400. xv, 460–860 S., Volume III: Word Index Ann Selby,6 as well as, to a lesser extent, from those by of the Naṟṟiṇai. viii, 421 S. 8°. = Critical Texts of Caṅkam J. V. Chelliah,7 V. Murugan8 or A. Dakshinamurthy9. This Literature 1.1–1.3. Brosch. ₹ 1500, € 48,00. ISBN 978-2- does not mean, however, that these translations are accu- 85539-672-9. rate. Their authors tend to follow the commentaries, old Wilden, Eva: Kuṟuntokai. A Critical Edition and an Anno- ones if available, and, if not, modern ones produced by tated Translation of the Kuṟuntokai. Pondichéry: École the nineteenth- or twentieth-century editors of the texts. française d’Extrême-Orient / Chennai: Tamilmann Patip- What is striking is the seemingly complete absence on the pakam 2010. Volume I: Kuṟuntokai 1–200. x, 1–479 S., translators’ part of an urge to question the interpretations Volume II: Kuṟuntokai 201–401. -
Coining Words Language and Politics in Late Colonial Tamilnadu
CHAPTER 8 Coining Words Language and Politics in Late Colonial Tamilnadu Forming words with Sanskrit roots will certainly ruin the beauty and growth of the Tamil language and disfigure it; and is sure to inflame communal hatred. —E. M. Subramania Pillai to Government of Madras, Memorandum, 5 September 1941. Though a common terminology may be possible in Northern India where Hindustani and Sanskrit have mingled together very much and local lan- guages have been greatly modified by them, such a terminology would be unsuited to the Tamil area where Tamils have preserved the purity of their language. Words coined must have Tamil roots and suffixes to make them intelligible to the Tamils. —Memorandum submitted by the Committee of Educationists to the Government of Madras, 22 August 1941. Some months ago, there raged in the academic world, a controversy regard- ing the coining of technical terms. While some said that there should be no bar on borrowing terms from other languages to express new scientific disciplines, others argued that only pure Tamil terms should be used.... [This] has raged since the beginnings of the Tamil language. But, in earlier days, it was not conducted by opposite camps; there were no acrimonious polemics; there was nobody to say 'Our language is ruined by the admix- ture of other languages; we should have a Protection Brigade to safeguard our language' and so on. —S. Vaiyapuri Pillai, Sorkalai Virundu, Madras, 1956, p. 31 (originally published in Dinamani, 10 May 1947). Drawing on Raymond Williams' formulation in his classic Key- words, that 'important social and historical processes occur within language',1 this chapter seeks to explore the cultural politics 144 In Those Days There Was tio Coffee Coining Words 145 surrounding the coining of technical and scientific terms for Bharati's views are typical of the nationalist perspective, which pedagogic purposes in late colonial Tamilnadu. -
Reconstructing Tamil Masculinitieskāvaṭi and Viratam Among Sri Lankan Men in Montréal
NOTE TO USERS This reproduction is the best copy available. UMI' Reconstructing Tamil Masculinities: KavatiwA Viratam Among Sri Lankan Men in Montreal Victoria Gross Faculty ofReligious Studies February 4, 2009 A thesis submitted to McGiIl University in partial fulfillment ofthe degree ofMaster ofArts ©Victoria Gross 2008 Library and Archives Bibliothèque et ?F? Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de l'édition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1 A 0N4 OttawaONK1A0N4 Canada Canada Yourfìle Votre référence ISBN: 978-0-494-67076-7 Our file Notre référence ISBN: 978-0-494-67076-7 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non- L'auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library and permettant à la Bibliothèque et Archives Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par télécommunication ou par l'Internet, prêter, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des thèses partout dans le loan, distribute and sell theses monde, à des fins commerciales ou autres, sur worldwide, for commercial or non- support microforme, papier, électronique et/ou commercial purposes, in microform, autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L'auteur conserve la propriété du droit d'auteur ownership and moral rights in this et des droits moraux qui protège cette thèse. Ni thesis. Neither the thesis nor la thèse ni des extraits substantiels de celle-ci substantial extracts from it may be ne doivent être imprimés ou autrement printed or otherwise reproduced reproduits sans son autorisation. -
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Nicole A. Wilson Syracuse University Confrontation and Compromise Middle-Class Matchmaking in Twenty-First Century South India During my fifteen-month stay in the suburbs of Madurai, Tamilnadu, South India, I was privileged to witness the complicated process of marriage alli- ance matchmaking for several Tamil youth, including Radhika Narayanan, a twenty-one-year-old Tamil Brahmin girl and close friend, as well as another bride-to-be, Priya. Using conversations with Radhika, her family members, and her friends, as well as data extrapolated from participant observation in both Radhika’s and Priya’s matrimonial events, this article uses the multitudi- nous modes of matchmaking employed by both women’s families to investigate the complexity and delicate balance inherent in contemporary matchmaking among middle-class Tamils and India’s burgeoning middle classes. In high- lighting the confrontations between materialism and morality, neocolonial- ism and nationalism, and individualism and filial piety that lie at the heart of middle-class matchmaking, this ethnographic examination will provide insight into the world views and lifestyles belonging to and shaping one of the most powerful segments of our global community. keywords: middle class—matchmaking—south India—peṇ pārkka— modernity Asian Ethnology Volume 72, Number 1 • 2013, 33–53 © Nanzan Institute for Religion and Culture adhika’s family and I had spent the entire previous day scrubbing the house R from top to bottom in order to prepare for our honored guests.* We had seen a picture of the possible groom’s home and were already feeling inadequate about the appearance of our home and its contents. -
Being Brahmin, Being Modern
Downloaded by [University of Defence] at 01:12 24 May 2016 Being Brahmin, Being Modern Downloaded by [University of Defence] at 01:12 24 May 2016 ii (Blank) Downloaded by [University of Defence] at 01:12 24 May 2016 Being Brahmin, Being Modern Exploring the Lives of Caste Today Ramesh Bairy T. S. Downloaded by [University of Defence] at 01:12 24 May 2016 First published 2010 by Routledge 912–915 Tolstoy House, 15–17 Tolstoy Marg, New Delhi 110 001 Simultaneously published in UK by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, OX14 4RN Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business Transferred to Digital Printing 2010 © 2010 Ramesh Bairy T. S. Typeset by Bukprint India B-180A, Guru Nanak Pura, Laxmi Nagar Delhi 110 092 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage and retrieval system without permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalogue record of this book is available from the British Library ISBN: 978-0-415-58576-7 Downloaded by [University of Defence] at 01:12 24 May 2016 For my parents, Smt. Lakshmi S. Bairi and Sri. T. Subbaraya Bairi. And, University of Hyderabad. Downloaded by [University of Defence] at 01:12 24 May 2016 vi (Blank) Downloaded by [University of Defence] at 01:12 24 May 2016 Contents Acknowledgements ix Chapter 1 Introduction: Seeking a Foothold