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The Un/Selfish Leader Changing Notions in a Tamil Nadu Village
The un/selfish leader Changing notions in a Tamil Nadu village Björn Alm The un/selfish leader Changing notions in a Tamil Nadu village Doctoral dissertation Department of Social Anthropology Stockholm University S 106 91 Stockholm Sweden © Björn Alm, 2006 Department for Religion and Culture Linköping University S 581 83 Linköping Sweden This book, or parts thereof, may be reproduced in any form without the permission of the author. ISBN 91-7155-239-1 Printed by Edita Sverige AB, Stockholm, 2006 Contents Preface iv Note on transliteration and names v Chapter 1 Introduction 1 Structure of the study 4 Not a village study 9 South Indian studies 9 Strength and weakness 11 Doing fieldwork in Tamil Nadu 13 Chapter 2 The village of Ekkaraiyur 19 The Dindigul valley 19 Ekkaraiyur and its neighbours 21 A multi-linguistic scene 25 A religious landscape 28 Aspects of caste 33 Caste territories and panchayats 35 A village caste system? 36 To be a villager 43 Chapter 3 Remodelled local relationships 48 Tanisamy’s model of local change 49 Mirasdars and the great houses 50 The tenants’ revolt 54 Why Brahmans and Kallars? 60 New forms of tenancy 67 New forms of agricultural labour 72 Land and leadership 84 Chapter 4 New modes of leadership 91 The parliamentary system 93 The panchayat system 94 Party affiliation of local leaders 95 i CONTENTS Party politics in Ekkaraiyur 96 The paradox of party politics 101 Conceptualising the state 105 The development state 108 The development block 110 Panchayats and the development block 111 Janus-faced leaders? 119 -
Page BRAHMANISM, BRAHMINS and BRAHMIN TAMIL in the CONTEXT of SPEECH to TEXT TECHNOLOGY Corresponding Email:[email protected]
BRAHMANISM, BRAHMINS AND BRAHMIN TAMIL IN THE CONTEXT OF SPEECH TO TEXT TECHNOLOGY R S Vignesh Raja, Ashik Alib Dr. BabakKhazaeic aResearch degree student, cSenior Lecturer Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom bSoftware Developer Fireflyapps Limited, Sheffield, United Kingdom Corresponding email:[email protected] Abstract Brahmanism in today's world is largely viewed as a 'caste' within Hinduism than its predecessor religion. This research paper explores the impact and influence religious affiliation could have on using certain advanced technologies such as the voice-to-text. This research paper attempts to reintroduce Brahmanism as a distinct religion and justifies through an empirical study and other literature as to why it is important, more specifically in language-related technology. Keywords: Tamil; speech to text; technology; Brahmanism; Brahmins 1. Introduction Speech-to-text is a fascinating area of research. The speech-to-text system exists for popular languages such as English. Whilst dealing with the user acceptance of technology, previous experiments suggest that it is vital to consider the religious affiliation as it could influence 'pronunciation' which is perceived to be very important for the users to be able to use voice-to- text technology in syllabic languages such as Tamil (Rama et al., 2002). Some of the previous experiments have identified the effect of code mixing, mispronunciation or in some cases the inability to correctly pronounce a syllable by the native Tamil speakers (Raj, Ali&Khazaei, 2015). This research paper aims to look into the code mixing and pronunciation aspects of 'Brahmin Tamil'- a dialect of Tamil spoken by the Brahmins who speak Tamil as their mother tongue. -
Why I Became a Hindu
Why I became a Hindu Parama Karuna Devi published by Jagannatha Vallabha Vedic Research Center Copyright © 2018 Parama Karuna Devi All rights reserved Title ID: 8916295 ISBN-13: 978-1724611147 ISBN-10: 1724611143 published by: Jagannatha Vallabha Vedic Research Center Website: www.jagannathavallabha.com Anyone wishing to submit questions, observations, objections or further information, useful in improving the contents of this book, is welcome to contact the author: E-mail: [email protected] phone: +91 (India) 94373 00906 Please note: direct contact data such as email and phone numbers may change due to events of force majeure, so please keep an eye on the updated information on the website. Table of contents Preface 7 My work 9 My experience 12 Why Hinduism is better 18 Fundamental teachings of Hinduism 21 A definition of Hinduism 29 The problem of castes 31 The importance of Bhakti 34 The need for a Guru 39 Can someone become a Hindu? 43 Historical examples 45 Hinduism in the world 52 Conversions in modern times 56 Individuals who embraced Hindu beliefs 61 Hindu revival 68 Dayananda Saraswati and Arya Samaj 73 Shraddhananda Swami 75 Sarla Bedi 75 Pandurang Shastri Athavale 75 Chattampi Swamikal 76 Narayana Guru 77 Navajyothi Sree Karunakara Guru 78 Swami Bhoomananda Tirtha 79 Ramakrishna Paramahamsa 79 Sarada Devi 80 Golap Ma 81 Rama Tirtha Swami 81 Niranjanananda Swami 81 Vireshwarananda Swami 82 Rudrananda Swami 82 Swahananda Swami 82 Narayanananda Swami 83 Vivekananda Swami and Ramakrishna Math 83 Sister Nivedita -
Tamil Brahmin Wedding
TAMIL BRAHMIN WEDDING THE RITUALS AND THE RATIONALE The Hindu Wedding Ceremony has a number of rituals and customs most of which are often felt as superstitious or a waste of time. It is believed to be nothing but rituals and more rituals. But actually what is a " Ritual " ? A ritual begins as a creative rational action to express a sentiment or idea. – For example the lighting of a lamp to dispel darkness at twilight or folding of hands into a "Namaste" to greet an elder. As succeeding generations repeat the actions it becomes a convention – then a RITUAL. A ritual is thus an action on which time has set its seal of approval. The Ritual of the Hindu Wedding too is thus each symbolic of beautiful and noble sentiments. Unfortunately today many perform them without an awareness of the rich meaning behind them. A modest attempt has therefore been made to briefly describe the meaning and significance of the rituals of a Tamil Brahmin Wedding after going through many articles in Internet and compiled them. For the elders, this information may be superfluous but it is hoped that the younger generations, especially those yet to be married, may find this useful. So let me take you on a tour . PANDHAL KAAL MUHURTHAM A small ritual is performed a few days before or at least one day before the wedding to invoke the blessings of the family deity to ensure that the wedding preparations proceed smoothly. The family of the bride pray to the deity who is symbolically represented by a bamboo pole. -
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Nicole A. Wilson Syracuse University Confrontation and Compromise Middle-Class Matchmaking in Twenty-First Century South India During my fifteen-month stay in the suburbs of Madurai, Tamilnadu, South India, I was privileged to witness the complicated process of marriage alli- ance matchmaking for several Tamil youth, including Radhika Narayanan, a twenty-one-year-old Tamil Brahmin girl and close friend, as well as another bride-to-be, Priya. Using conversations with Radhika, her family members, and her friends, as well as data extrapolated from participant observation in both Radhika’s and Priya’s matrimonial events, this article uses the multitudi- nous modes of matchmaking employed by both women’s families to investigate the complexity and delicate balance inherent in contemporary matchmaking among middle-class Tamils and India’s burgeoning middle classes. In high- lighting the confrontations between materialism and morality, neocolonial- ism and nationalism, and individualism and filial piety that lie at the heart of middle-class matchmaking, this ethnographic examination will provide insight into the world views and lifestyles belonging to and shaping one of the most powerful segments of our global community. keywords: middle class—matchmaking—south India—peṇ pārkka— modernity Asian Ethnology Volume 72, Number 1 • 2013, 33–53 © Nanzan Institute for Religion and Culture adhika’s family and I had spent the entire previous day scrubbing the house R from top to bottom in order to prepare for our honored guests.* We had seen a picture of the possible groom’s home and were already feeling inadequate about the appearance of our home and its contents. -
Being Brahmin, Being Modern
Downloaded by [University of Defence] at 01:12 24 May 2016 Being Brahmin, Being Modern Downloaded by [University of Defence] at 01:12 24 May 2016 ii (Blank) Downloaded by [University of Defence] at 01:12 24 May 2016 Being Brahmin, Being Modern Exploring the Lives of Caste Today Ramesh Bairy T. S. Downloaded by [University of Defence] at 01:12 24 May 2016 First published 2010 by Routledge 912–915 Tolstoy House, 15–17 Tolstoy Marg, New Delhi 110 001 Simultaneously published in UK by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, OX14 4RN Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business Transferred to Digital Printing 2010 © 2010 Ramesh Bairy T. S. Typeset by Bukprint India B-180A, Guru Nanak Pura, Laxmi Nagar Delhi 110 092 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage and retrieval system without permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalogue record of this book is available from the British Library ISBN: 978-0-415-58576-7 Downloaded by [University of Defence] at 01:12 24 May 2016 For my parents, Smt. Lakshmi S. Bairi and Sri. T. Subbaraya Bairi. And, University of Hyderabad. Downloaded by [University of Defence] at 01:12 24 May 2016 vi (Blank) Downloaded by [University of Defence] at 01:12 24 May 2016 Contents Acknowledgements ix Chapter 1 Introduction: Seeking a Foothold -
Analysis of the Religious Practices of Hindus at Saint Joseph's Oratory
UNIVERSITÉ DE MONTRÉAL Analysis of the Religious Practices of Hindus at Saint Joseph’s Oratory Transmission of Christian Faith after the Second Vatican Council Par John Jomon Kalladanthiyil Faculté des arts et des sciences Institut d’études religieuses Thèse présentée en vue de l’obtention du grade de Ph. D. en Théologie pratique Mars 2017 © Jomon Kalladanthiyil, 2017 Résumé Dès le début du christianisme, la transmission de la foi chrétienne constitue la mission essentielle de l’Église. Dans un contexte pluri-religieux et multiculturel, le concile Vatican II a reconnu l’importance d’ouvrir la porte de l’Église à tous. Basile Moreau (1799 – 1873), le fondateur de la congrégation de Sainte-Croix, insistait sur le fait que les membres de sa communauté soient des éducateurs à la foi chrétienne et il a envoyé des missionnaires au Québec dès la fondation de sa communauté (1837). Pour ces derniers, parmi d’autres engagements pastoraux, l’Oratoire Saint-Joseph du Mont-Royal, fondé par Alfred Bessette, le frère André (1845 – 1937), est devenu l’endroit privilégié pour la transmission de la foi chrétienne, même après la Révolution tranquille des années 1960. L’Oratoire Saint-Joseph accueille des milliers d’immigrants du monde entier chaque année et parmi eux beaucoup d’hindous. Pour beaucoup d’entre eux, l’Oratoire devient un second foyer où ils passent du temps en prière et trouvent la paix. Certains d’entre eux ont l’expérience de la guérison et des miracles. Le partage de l’espace sacré avec les hindous est un phénomène nouveau à l’Oratoire. -
Kalki's Avatars
KALKI’S AVATARS: WRITING NATION, HISTORY, REGION, AND CULTURE IN THE TAMIL PUBLIC SPHERE DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Akhila Ramnarayan. M.A. ****** The Ohio State University 2006 Approved by Dissertation Committee: Professor Chadwick Allen, Adviser Adviser Professor Debra Moddelmog, Adviser Professor James Phelan Adviser English Graduate Program ABSTRACT Challenging the English-only bias in postcolonial theory and literary criticism, this dissertation investigates the role of the twentieth-century Tamil historical romance in the formation of Indian and Tamil identity in the colonial period. I argue that Tamil Indian writer-nationalist Kalki Ra. Krsnamurti’s (1899-1954) 1944 Civakamiyin Capatam (Civakami’s Vow)—chronicling the ill-fated wartime romance of Pallava king Narasimhavarman (630-668 CE) and fictional court dancer Civakami against the backdrop of the seventh-century Pallava-Chalukya wars—exemplifies a distinct genre of interventionist literature in the Indian subcontinent. In Kalki’s hands, the vernacular novel became a means by which to infiltrate the colonial imaginary and, at the same time, to envision a Tamil India untainted by colonial presence. Charting the generic transformation of the historical romance in the Tamil instance, my study provides 1) a refutation of the inflationary and overweening claims made in postcolonial studies about South Asian nationalism, 2) a questioning of naïve binaries such as local and global, cosmopolitan and vernacular, universal and particular, traditional and modern, in examining the colonial/postcolonial transaction, and 3) a case for a less grandiose and more carefully historicized account of bourgeois nationalism than has previously been provided by postcolonial critics, accounting for its complicities with ii and resistances to discourses of nation, region, caste, and gender in the late colonial context. -
Automatic Conversion of Dialectal Tamil Text to Standard Written Tamil Text Using Fsts
Automatic Conversion of Dialectal Tamil Text to Standard Written Tamil Text using FSTs Marimuthu K Sobha Lalitha Devi AU-KBC Research Centre, AU-KBC Research Centre, MIT Campus of Anna University, MIT Campus of Anna University, Chrompet, Chennai, India. Chrompet, Chennai, India. [email protected] [email protected] oriented activities such as blogging, social media Abstract chats, and discussions in online forums. Given the unmediated nature of these services, users We present an efficient method to auto- conveniently share the contents in their native matically transform spoken language text languages in a more natural and informal way. to standard written language text for var- This has resulted in bringing together the con- ious dialects of Tamil. Our work is novel tents of various languages. More often these con- in that it explicitly addresses the problem tents are informal, colloquial, and dialectal in and need for processing dialectal and nature. The dialect is defined as a variety of a spoken language Tamil. Written language language that is distinguished from other varie- equivalents for dialectal and spoken lan- ties of the same language by features of phonol- guage forms are obtained using Finite ogy, grammar, and vocabulary and by its use by State Transducers (FSTs) where spoken a group of speakers who are set off from others language suffixes are replaced with ap- geographically or socially. The dialectal varia- propriate written language suffixes. Ag- tion refers to changes in a language due to vari- glutination and compounding in the re- ous influences such as geographic, social, educa- sultant text is handled using Conditional tional, individual and group factors. -
Notes on the Transformation of 'Dravidian Ideology'
Working Paper No. 120 Notes on the transformation of `Dravidian Ideology: Tamil Nadu, c.1900-1940 by M.S.S. Pandian Madras Institute of Development Studies 79, Second Main Road, Gandhi Nagar Adyar, Chennai 600 020 April 1994 Tltle of Paper : Notes on the tran1tormatlon of "Dravidian' Ideology : Tamllnadu, C.1900-1940 Author's Name and lnstltutlonal Afflllatlon: M.S.S. Pandian Madras Institute of Development Studies, 79. Second Main Road, Gandhinagar, Adyar. /. Madras 600 020, India. Abstract of Paper The existing scholarship on the Dravidian Movement traces its ideological genesis to ••a tiny group of highly educated and capable Vellalas." Proceeding further, it also characterises these intellectual protagonists of the • Dravidian' ideology as follows: "They remained an elite with no popular base. with no desire to be involved with the masses. Their stress on the past glories, the suspicion of the outsider, their abstract commitment to the people, made them populists like the Russian Narodnlks of the nineteenth century." While one broadly agrees with this reading of the Dravidian Movemenrs beginnings, one simultaneously runs into problems in understanding the specific ways in which this ideology of the elite was appropriated and transformed for a socially radical agenda by the Self Respect Movement in the 1920s and the 1930s. Here one is left with either terse unexplained statements or meta·generalisations which are hardly illuminating. Against this background, the present paper analyses in broad outlines how the early formulations of the . 'Dravidian' ideology developed by the Vellala elite were transformed by the SelfRespect Movement into "a new arsenal with which the ruling elite was attacked." ·-··· -· -··- ··- ·- --·---- i,, -·· ·- ·- --. -
Hindus and Others: a Sri Lankan Perspective (Introduction) Mathieu Claveyrolas, Anthony Goreau-Ponceaud, Delon Madavan, Eric Meyer, Pierre-Yves Trouillet
Hindus and Others: A Sri Lankan Perspective (Introduction) Mathieu Claveyrolas, Anthony Goreau-Ponceaud, Delon Madavan, Eric Meyer, Pierre-Yves Trouillet To cite this version: Mathieu Claveyrolas, Anthony Goreau-Ponceaud, Delon Madavan, Eric Meyer, Pierre-Yves Trouillet. Hindus and Others: A Sri Lankan Perspective (Introduction). The South Asianist Journal, University of Edinburg, 2018, 6, pp.1 - 22. hal-01900123 HAL Id: hal-01900123 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01900123 Submitted on 24 Oct 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Introduction - Hindus and Others: A Sri Lankan Perspective Mathieu Claveyrolas, Anthony Goreau-Ponceaud, Delon Madavan, Éric Meyer, Pierre-Yves Trouillet Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 1–22 | ISSN 2050-487X | www.southasianist.ed.ac.uk 2018 | The South Asianist 6 (1): 1-22 | pg. 1 Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 1-22 Introduction Hindus and Others: A Sri Lankan Perspective MATHIEU CLAVEYROLAS ANTHONY GOREAU-PONCEAUD DELON MADAVAN ÉRIC MEYER PIERRE-YVES TROUILLET Who is a Hindu? was the famous subtitle chosen by Savarkar for his nationalist pamphlet founding the Hindutva ideology in 19231. We know about the legal difficulties faced by the British (among others) to define Hindus and Hinduism, and the resulting solution, which defined being Hindu by default: being Hindu meant not being Muslim, nor Christian, nor Sikh, nor Buddhist, nor anything else. -
Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction Du Branch Patrimoine De I'edition
"THE ROUTE TO YOUR ROOTS": HISTORY, HINDU NATIONALISM, AND COMICS IN INDIA AND SOUTH ASIAN DIASPORAS SAILAJA VATSALA KRISHNAMURTI A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY GRADUATE PROGRAMME IN SOCIAL & POLITICAL THOUGHT YORK UNIVERSITY TORONTO, ONTARIO MAY 2008 Library and Bibliotheque et 1*1 Archives Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de I'edition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A0N4 Ottawa ON K1A0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-39020-7 Our file Notre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-39020-7 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library permettant a la Bibliotheque et Archives and Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par telecommunication ou par Plntemet, prefer, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des theses partout dans loan, distribute and sell theses le monde, a des fins commerciales ou autres, worldwide, for commercial or non sur support microforme, papier, electronique commercial purposes, in microform, et/ou autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L'auteur conserve la propriete du droit d'auteur ownership and moral rights in et des droits moraux qui protege cette these. this thesis. Neither the thesis Ni la these ni des extraits substantiels de nor substantial extracts from it celle-ci ne doivent etre imprimes ou autrement may be printed or otherwise reproduits sans son autorisation.