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S *+ " $ P4 A 3 A = - - M = : =9 c A @ Q A #$ < > = A , D , ' \1" A 3 !- = : 0 2 c . > J8+ = ;= - 0 *- .4 & W != R 4< > E - E 2 2 3 + 1- / : / c . = 5 @4 2 ' *+ 3 4 + ; " $ ;\ . ' *+ - 0 3 0E+ 7*+ = : T c .4 = W 1- / ' . & !"+ AS *+ 4 2 M ; 3 D 72 ' : 2 W c :) $ 2 V ' c .4 = W < 5 X- 3 X- 4 - .4 = 4 6 / >4= > E X- 3 • .4 = G& > = $ ' - + >4 0 & 5 B YE P M + + - X- • " - - X- . & ' XY " R >4 0 & 5 B 2Z - ; + / XY W • . = = ((et al.)) ((% ! )) 72 R >4 0 B A>4 0 E 4 - A4 = W >4 F " E 2 + • .4 = + % &4 0 B YE P M + + - " .4 = T + 4 4< - 46 " R 0M - X- A4 = - - " 4 : (% &) >4 0 : • . = 5 X- ;3 ((et al.)) ((% ! )) > 2Z • . " R A. 5@ >4 0 B R P M A & 5 B … A.R >4 0 B R P M A & 5 B : b 9 c, 5@ R ' *E = :( > =) 47< = A 78 2 B . % D78 . 3 W - % Q D , "2 5 , . A.P A% 4 .B A E < A. A . – :( ) A% YQ X- Wayne, P.M., Waering, P. and Bazzaz, F.A., 1993. Birch seedling responses to daily time courses of light in enyperimental forest gaps and shadehouses. Journal of Ecology, 74(5): 1500 – 1515. . 2 2 % . " R A. 5@ >4 0 B R P M A & 5 B … A.B R P M A & 5 B : cQ .' *E 2 4 + A " * A = 0 ' " . 7 < % 5 V - 4 . A. A -@4 E E < . .? A 4 W YQ YQ :R . *E A% ;+ AX+ ;7 < ' *+ Jalili, A. and Jamzad, Z., 1999. Red Data Book of Iran. A Preliminary Survey of Endemic, Rare and Enudaugered Plants species in Iran. Researech Institute of Forests and Rangelands (RIFR) Publication, Tehran, 750 p. >4 0 B W :4= - >4= = >4 0 4 : F + %@ \3 2 8 2 c- A & 5 B :(In) . 5@ R ' *E A \3 % .R A( 2) 4 - S- , \3 (% &) .' *E 2 4 + A " * A = . 2 % .(ed. eds.) A. 2 7 B R P M :R Agestam, E., 1995. Natural regeneration of beech in Sweden – Some results from a field trial. 117 – 124. In: Madsen. F., (ed.). Genetics and Silviculture of Beech. Forskingscentret for Skov & Landskab. 272 p. P M A & 5 B A % = %@ " - 3 >4 !: R 4 + :(Abstract) 0 7 V5 W & 4< D*E F > - (Key words) 72 2 4M 4 72 > (% &) >4 0 ? @ AB R . = . ? - 6 www.rifr–ac.ir X+ ;7 < ' *+ 0 7 2 ' WJ< * 20 ﺷ 2، ﺻﻔ 149-158، (1383) Echinophora sibthorpiana Guss. 1 !" #" Echinophora $ %& ' $ %& $ # ( ) * %&+ ,- . .! # / 01 $2 $ 3 ( . 04 $ %& 56 Echinophora sibthorpiana . 4#8 !" #+ $9!:- ; " @' $ A < #8 !0< *= > $? + " > Guss.) G . 4 !" $B C( ( ! : D ( E!- 4 F=8 > G . " 0 - F=8 !" > ( H0& > ( $ > > H(#< > ?,% A "# > " (GC) A "# > " *% > % ( I J .H6 " 1 ! ' 4 # (GC/MS) K L!< ( 4 I 0! 4 4 M! + Echinophira sibthorpiana ?! ( #" ; . #( W# X ?!% (%OS/V) )6N $(%OS/Q) NON % !&( 0! > + )6N NON % > # ?( 1 : #( ?( 1 ! # %&+ %4 (N = > @ I % # . 4 ( % NON % $ $Echinophira sibthorpiana Guss. $ . 4#8 : .W# X ?!% $ )6N $ [email protected] : ! " # $ , ﺳﺘﺨ ج ﺷ ﺳ ﻛ ﺒﻬ ي .Echinophora sibthorpiana Guss ( #" !" #" . 4#8 sibthorpiana ( * #" ,- platyloba cinerea 04 $ %& 56 $ %& ' $ ! %& $ # ( ) orientalis .(SOZ[ $ Y ) .! # / 01 $2 $ 3 ( . $ %'!% [V ]V \ ( $ $ G H + !" E. sibthorpiana ; .H HC ^!C_ 1 $^+ ( !( #8 # ( $D#G ! + % @'%b $ 4 !` $ " 0 " ( a ' > " !" E. sibthorpiana > #, . 4 ( ! 8 !" ; ?" ^ # .H % .(S $ 1) #4 S '4 ?34 cC( > 0 : $ B ` W '4 E. sibthorpiana !6 5 =% . 4 ( . # %& G ( : < > 4 @' ) E. sibthorpiana #+ d 4 ; M! > .(Seee $Ahmed et al) H %6 " 1 NON % $(%Sf/O) )6N $(%[V/ ) W# X ?!% ; ' 4 . + ?!3= (%O/Z) )6 %( (%Q/O) ;'! N G $(%SZ/ ) # H! ! H!' Y > . 4#8 > * + #" . #4 g b I)8 #< ( H %6 " 1 Echinophora cinerea (Boiss.) Hedge #+ 6 0! ; ' 4 4 M! ]Z .H 4 GC/MS GC ! #( $(%Z/[) ;'! N G $(%e/Q) )6N %( $(%Sf/[) ; !GN $(% V/f) )6N .(]VV] $Sajjadi et al) H #( (% /Q) W# %! (%[/ ) W# ! 20 ﺷ 2 % > Echinophora cinerea " 8 4 $ * 9!:- N $(%SV/Z) )6N %( $(%fS/ ) )6 N 4 4 M! Se / 6 $Ahmadi et al) #( ' 0! (%f/S) ;'! N G (%e/f) ; !G .(]VVS > ! E. tenuifolia subsp. Sibthorpiana 8 4 .H H ( %S/S S/O $V/e > ( ( ( 8 H= 0 $; 6) H4 ( %ef/eS $%QZ/][ M! ( + 4 4 I 0! )6N W# X ?!% $ NON % ? 4 ?!3= %eZ/OQ .(]VVO $Ozcan et al) #( )6N I M! 4 4 M! SZ E. chrysantha .(Seef $Baser et al) H #( H 4 h!C= M! O .! ! > E. lamondiana ' . (%Z/ ) ;'! N G (%]Z/Z) )6N $(% Q) NON % .(]VV] $Baser et al) #( H 4 d b E. tenuifolia ( 3! _ 2 i # .! :!:- #" ; 4 hC= (]VV] $Aridogan et al ]VVS $Akin et al) . % ( _ H! 6 W '4) Fb > + " ?,6 E. sibthorpiana #+ d 9!:- ; I J K % %6 " 1 # " @' ( . + = %& G 4 d b K % ( %+ 04 ﺳﺘﺨ ج ﺷ ﺳ ﻛ ﺒﻬ ي .Echinophora sibthorpiana Guss Echinophora sibthorpiana Guss -1 - ﺟ آ ﺘﺨ ج ﻧﺲ > 3 > (Echinophora sibthorpiana) . 4#8 !" #+ @' ? + " J $( W '4) Fb !0< + *= $@ * 2 :!:- & k d# ( + E # !" 4 ! j > G . " !" H(#< ! > G .H6 " 1 4 F=8 ( M !" l C% $B C( ( ! : D ( 8 : $ I [ ( !" > ( H0& > ( . 4 > H(#< ^ 2 # E # " . H ( %V/fQ $F=8 20 ﺷ 2 [V !" > d " [ : $ !" > !" H(#< ;!! H I H(#< .! $H( i > ( ! > G H6 " 1 *!% . " 0 - ب- ﻨ ﻲ ﺒﻬ ﺸ د ﻨ . ( ; %0 ;%6 (GC) A "# > " *% ( & 9 . > G % ( I J & $ > ; % ( ( ( !% H $ #% J (GC/MS) K L!< ( 4 ?G# A "# > " *% ( 4 9!1 > % ( m . H ( <#( +d "# !< 4 9 . 0! ( & : !< $ # > ( $ > ( > ?!3= 0! $SATURN .6 d # # 2 )< > % % + 0 - ( .H6 " 1 ! ' 4 # $ & + J . ( E 4 $ ( ]] e W ( " !+ 9 . > > ( . " % ( #' 9 . ( ( = ) #% ج- ﻣﺸﺨ ت د ﺘﮕ ﻬ ﻣ د ﺘ د د ﺘﮕ GC 1 % fV W#< ( DB-1 #% 9A W (Shimadzu) > '!4 A "# > " . ( . 4 ( % 3! V/][ ; > 6 n H C_ %'! ! V/][ $ '+ L1# :!1 [ > G 4 \ 4 *!% V > #% J ! *!% ][V ( %6 c .6 :!1 H ( K ( #% ; 8 > SV ) ]fV #%3 9 . Y - .H > " > #( FID \# > GC *% % # #%3 .H 4 ^!Y ( n ( ﺳﺘﺨ ج ﺷ ﺳ ﻛ ﺒﻬ ي .Echinophora sibthorpiana Guss W#< ! i ( %'!% O] H ( .H 4 % ? J > " # ( ^! + .H H J #% د ﺘﮕ GC-MS #% . # \# > K L!< ( 4 ?G# O VV A "# > " ; > 6 n H C_ %'! ! V/][ 1 % fV W#< ( DB-1 #% . ( ( !04 #% J . ( .H #( % 3! V/][ ]fV) #% > n ( SV 9 . Y - .H #( GC *% %'!% OS/[ H ( #( d#! + ? J > " .H 4 ^!Y ( *!% #! .! # X $ ! i F ( ( ;3 > .H H J #% W#< ! i ( .H #( O V V > !J H %3 ZV > ( H0& $ !" > #' + H(#< I ;!! ( > G . H ( %V/fQ . 4#8 > ( . " 0 - !" F=8 ' I # 0 - ( $ !< "# H ( 4 g # + > % ( !< ( .! 0! ( d 1 $(SeQZ $Shibamoto SeeV $Davies) @( DB-1 #% ( @( W .! > ?I J K % . " + ?!3= 0! 4 . #4 ] '4 ?34 ( o#( d "# S M! SZ $ # > ( + 0 - !< ( . 4 4 $ . 4#8 " 8 4 20 ﺷ 2 N $(%OS/e) NON % $ ; 4 4 0! ; ' .! ( ; ! . #( (%[/O) )6 N %( (%Sf/e) W# X ?!% $(%OS/V) )6 .H4 # %S/] .! ( ; !G N " %] ﺟ ل 1- ﺒﻬ ﻣ ﺟ د د ﻧﺲ ﻧ م ﻲ (Echinophora sibthorpiana) ﻒ ﻧ م ﻛ ﺐ ﻧ ﺲ ﻛﻮ ﺲ (%) '/ %& α-thujene '/( %&% & α-pinene '/( %)* sabinene ( '/ %+' * β-pinene &/' %. myrcene - ( /' ''' ) α-phellandrene ( /% ''. + δ-3-carene */+ ' ( p-cymene . 0 1 ' . limonene % -/( '& ' β-phellandrene '/ '(+ (Z)-β-ocimene 0 1 '* & (E)-β-ocimene /& '*% ( γ-terpinene '/- '++ terpinolene * / '%% 1,3,8-p-menthatriene - '/& &)% trans-anethole ) )/% (++ methyl eugenol + . " 0 - DB-1 #% M&J ( # + %V/V[ > %' N .! ﺳﺘﺨ ج ﺷ ﺳ ﻛ ﺒﻬ ي .Echinophora sibthorpiana Guss 2- ﻣ م ﻧﺲ Echinophora sibthorpiana #";!'+ ( %& G 4 d b 9!:- ( K % ; & : .! %&+ ( = ' 0! " = (Seee $Ahmed et al) I M! %O] J .! ( NON % #< ( .H 2 % !&( # ( %& G 9!:- # #' + ?!3= ( # W# X ?!% 6 < > .H %4 # %SZ/ .! ( d M! H p ,%8 #8 ( %[V > c!( I M! # ( #' ; o#( # M! ; .H #( %SZ ( # . 4 ( H4 ( : '! 1 E 4 c ?- !" H4 ( > ( = ; + #" * ( E. sibthorpiana M! & : H ; ' 0! > * 3 )6N + 20 ﺷ 2 E. chrysantha $(]VVS $Ahmadi et al ]VV] $Sajjadi et al) E. cinerea # ( .! (]VV] $Baser et al) E. lamondiana ;! q'+ (Seef $Baser et al) E. tenuifolia W# X ?!% 3! J . #rJ I 0! > 3 .! NON % .(]VVO $Ozcan et al) H I . > subsp. Sibthorpiana .H M! ; ' E. lamondiana 3 ( # ( H6 " b!% ( ; > # ;! q'+ ( ( = I . H % ( _ H!I 8 E. tenuifolia . 4 ( %4 % ( _ p #8 # .! _ J %&+ E. sibthorpiana % # ^ 0! > *'+ )6N %( N + . NON % > Y ( ; ( ( . %&+ %4 ( – = @ I > . % @ I #"; # '+ ( !" sm - !" ; ; d b ( d>n 2 3 @ * 2 :!:- & k d %- ;! #t& > + !" '!4 " d %- 3'+ > ;! q'+ .d .* m #' ^+ 6 9!:- > ( '- 1 u #( $ + !" 2 :!:- cC( .^ 3= %4 3'+ H 9!:- W#< > ! ﺳﺘﺨ ج ﺷ ﺳ ﻛ ﺒﻬ ي .Echinophora sibthorpiana Guss . $ I a + 6 2 =% $ + !" a + 6 .SOZ[ $. . $ Y N .S $@ * 2 :!:- & k 2 =% $ * # 6 $.\ $ 1 N - Ahmad, V.U., Jassbi A.R., 1999. Analysis of the essential oil of Echinophora sibthorpiana Guss. By means of GC, GC/MS and C-NMR techniques, J. Essent. Oil Res., 11; 107-108. - Ahmadi, L., Mirza, M., Khorram, M.T., 2001. Essential oil of Echinophora cinerea (Boiss) Hedge and Lamond from Iran, J. Essent. Oil Res., 13; 82- 83. - Akin, M., Aktumsek, A., Okur O., 2001. Investigation of antimicrobial activities of some essential oils against some animal pathogens, Veterinarium, 12; 83-85. - Aridogan, B.C., Baydar, H., Kaya, S., Demirci, M., Ozbasar D., Mumcu E., 2002. Antimicrobial activity and chemical composition of some essential oils, Archives of Pharmacal Research, 25; 860-864. - Baser, K.H.C., Bicakci, A., Malyer, H., 2000. Composition of the essential oil of Echinophora lamondiana, J. Essent. Oil Res., 12; 147-148. - Baser, K.H.C., Ozek, T., Demircakmak, B., Bicakci, A., Malyer, H., 1996. Essential oil of Echinophora chrysantha, J. Essent. Oil Res., 8; 433-434. - Davies B. W., 1990. Gas chromatographic retention indices of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes on methyl silicone and Carbowax 20M phases. J. Chromatogr, 503: 1-24. - Ozcan M., Akgul A., 2003. Essential oil composition of Turkish pickling herb (Echinophora tenufolia), Acta Botanica Hungarica, 45; 163-167. - Sajjadi, S.E., Ghannadi A., 2002. Composition of the essential oil of Echinophora cinerea (Boiss) Hedge et Lamond, J. Essent. Oil Res., 14; 114-115. - Shibamoto T., 1987. Retention Indices in Essential Oil Analysis, In: Capillary Gas Chromatography in Essential Oil Analysis. Edits., P. Sandra and C. Bicchi, p 259-274, Huethig, Verlag, New York. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research 246 Vol. 20 No. (2), 149-158 (2004) Extraction and Identification of Volatile Components of Echinophora sibthorpiana Guss. F. Sefidkon1 Abstract The genius of Echinophora presents 4 aromatic species in Iran, two of them are endemic. In this research, the aerial parts of E. sibthorpiana were collected in full flowering stage, from Tehran Provinc (north of Tehran). The plant materials were dried in room temprature and the essential oil isolated by steam distillation. The oil was analyzed by capillary GC and GC/MS. Among 17 compounds identified, the major components were delta-3-carene (31.8%), alpha-phellandrene (31.0%), methyl eugenol (16.9%), beta-phellandrene (5.3%) and p-cymene (4.7%). This oil could be used in cosmetic-hygenic industries because of the high amounts of delta-3-carene and alpha-phellandrene. These compounds have very good smells and used in perfumes. Key Words: Echinophora sibthorpiana Guss., Umbelliferae, essential oil, delta-3-carene, alpha-phellandrene, methyl eugenol. 1- Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, P. O. Box :13185-116, Tehran. E-mail : [email protected] #$ % & ' ( !" '4 5$ 6 7 !%8*" 9 : :; . <7 =7> & " ,' 7 ? &' 1232 , " - . /0 & ( * ) .= & @ 0 ! & %A7 & B = ' ...... : ...... : ...... : ...... : ! " ...... : ...... : ...... : # ...... : $% ' ()...... : $% & ...... : ! * 0< 4 7 ) ;# 1 ( 7 -) 0 - '(+ &8 09 – 1 - 2 3 4 56 ) / ( 01 - - =>8 ? ( @ * A 3 / - =>8 ? ( @ * A [email protected] :&'( )' *+ !F!G !!E :&)*+ B C>D 01 - !" "#% : $ !" "#! : ∀------In the Name of God Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Director in chief: Adel Jalili (Ph.D., Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands) Chief editor: Mohammad Bagher Rezaee (Ph.D., Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands) Editorial Board: Parviz Babakhanloo Mahlagha Ghorbanli MS.C., Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands Ph.D., Tarbiat Moallem University Nader Hassanzadeh Hossein Heidari Sharif Abad Ph.D., Research Institute and Disease Ph.D., Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands Kamkar Jaimand Mohsen Kafee Ph.D., Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands Ph.D., Faculty Agriculture, University of Tehran Abolghassem Matin Fariborz Moatar Ph.d. Agricultural Research Education and Extension Ph.D., Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medical Organization Scince, Isfahan Mohammad Javad Rassaee Iraj Rasooli Ph.D., Tarbiat Moddares University Ph.D., Shahed University Gholam Reza Nabi Parviz Owlia Ph.D., University of Tehran Ph.D., Shahed University Mohammad Bagher Rezaee Peyman Salehi Ph.d. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands Ph.D., Shahid Beheshti University Fatemeh Sefidkon Mohammad Reza Shams Ardecani Ph.d. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands Ph.D., Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medical Scince, Tehran Abbas Siami Reza Tabaei Aghdaei Ph.D., University of Urmia Ph.d. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands Technical editor: Kamkar Jaimand (Ph.D., Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands) Editorial office: Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands P.O. Box 13185-116,Tehran, Iran. Tel: 4195901-5 Fax: 4195907 Email: [email protected] Abstracts are avilable on CABI Publishing: www. 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