ا ا ا : ( ) : ( ) !" #$ : ( ) V W'7 K99T U 2/ ='6/7 2@ : #6/ XG0 : =7 ,<YY : Z"% ['0G : \0 2 : 2] C^ : )0% : ! .0#6 ) K; #b2 K]9 C'a6G .5 Z K]9 _// ? 2 2 //T K`G . * . ! "#$%& ' "( ) *+, -& ./ : !" "9 $( 1- + 78 +6 1,/ 4 15 – 3 2 +$ 1 :%% 1; $:# !""#% :$ !""#!: 1?B?C2A??@ + <=#> [email protected] :&'()' *+ :,- CABI Publishing : !" # www. Cabi - Publishing. org . - /01 - 2 % , %& '*+ ! "#$ (Original) .3& 45 6 - 78 9: ;< = " .& C &4< D*E F (%&) >40 2 ?@ A&5 B B A % N O+ PQ ;: N D=M - AKLJ A?+ 3 AWORD J3B *+ AI GH2 .= R F! 0$ SQ !0 - > 10 .= 3& T -- U,5 /- D73 6$ '- >= 46 - ' 5 <5 'MV, '72 %-!- %! 4M + .= W 4M AXY 2Z .4" !+ '- J& >- & % 4- R!= R4< R!= R4< .4= W /$ R!= % [- R4< % A ;@ - ? .4= W ; 0 '*E .4= O+ F '- +[ 7 ; .4=- * - & A\1 4- :b9 '; c . >4@4- 2 A70 "+ = (72 L 24M) >"3 D8 :)=@8 c .= J$ >4!: != R4< AXY W >4= V5 ; %-!- .= W >- > 24M := G)P c . S*+ "$ P4 A3 A = - - M= :=9 c A@ Q A#$ < >= A, D, '\1" A3!- = :02 c .> J8+ = ;= - 0 *- .4& W != R4< >E - E2 2 3 + 1- / :/ c .= 5 @42 '*+ 3 4+ ;"$ ;\ . '*+ - 0 3 0E+ 7*+ = :T c .4= W 1- / ' .& !"+ AS*+ 42 M ; 3 D72 ' :2W c :)$ 2 V' c .4= W <5 X- 3 X- 4- .4= 46 / >4= >E X- 3 • .4= G& >= $ '- + >40 &5 B YE PM ++- X- • "- - X- .& ' XY " R >40 &5 B 2Z - ;+ / XY W • .= = ((et al.)) ((%! )) 72 R >40 B A>40 E 4- A4= W >4 F " E 2 + • .4= + %&40 B YE PM ++- " .4= T+ 44< - 46 " R 0M- X- A4=- -" 4: (%&) >40 : • .= 5 X- ;3 ((et al.)) ((%! )) > 2Z • ." R A.5@ >40 B R PM A&5 B … A.R >40 B R PM A&5 B :b9 c, 5@ R '*E = :( >=) 47< = A78 2 B . % D78 .3W - %Q D, "25 , . A.P A%4 .B AE< A. A<V :R . – :() A% YQ X- Wayne, P.M., Waering, P. and Bazzaz, F.A., 1993. Birch seedling responses to daily time courses of light in enyperimental forest gaps and shadehouses. Journal of Ecology, 74(5): 1500 – 1515. .2 2 % ." R A.5@ >40 B R PM A&5 B … A.B R PM A&5 B : cQ .'*E 2 4+ A" * A= 0 '" .7< %5 V - 4 . A. A-@4E E< ..? A4 WYQYQ :R .*E A%;+ AX+ ;7< '*+ Jalili, A. and Jamzad, Z., 1999. Red Data Book of Iran. A Preliminary Survey of Endemic, Rare and Enudaugered Plants species in Iran. Researech Institute of Forests and Rangelands (RIFR) Publication, Tehran, 750 p. >40 B W :4=- >4= = >40 4: F + %@ \3 2 8 2 c- A&5 B :(In) .5@ R '*E A \3 % .R A(2) 4- S-, \3 (%&) .'*E 2 4+ A" * A= .2 % .(ed. eds.) A.2 7 B R PM :R Agestam, E., 1995. Natural regeneration of beech in Sweden – Some results from a field trial. 117 – 124. In: Madsen. F., (ed.). Genetics and Silviculture of Beech. Forskingscentret for Skov & Landskab. 272 p. PM A&5 B A % = %@ "- 3 >4!: R 4+ :(Abstract) 07 V5 W &4< D*E F >- (Key words) 72 24M 472 > (%&) >40 ?@ AB R .= . ? -6 www.rifr–ac.ir X+ ;7< '*+ 0 72 'WJ< * 20 ﺷ 2، ﺻﻔ 149-158، (1383) ﻬﺎي .Echinophora sibthorpiana Guss 1 ﭼﻜﻴﺪه !" #" Echinophora $%&' $%& $# ( ) * %&+ ,- . .! # /01 $2 $3( . 04 $%&56 Echinophora sibthorpiana .4#8 !" #+ $9!:- ; " @' $ A< #8 !0< *= > $? +" > Guss.) G .4 !" $B C( ( !: D ( E!- 4 F=8 > G ." 0- F=8 !" > ( H0& >( $ > > H(#< > ?,% A"#>" (GC) A"#>" *% > % ( IJ .H6" 1 ! ' 4 # (GC/MS) K L!< ( 4 I 0! 4 4 M! + Echinophira sibthorpiana ?! ( #" ; .#( W#X ?!% (%OS/V) )6N $(%OS/Q) NON% !&( 0! > + )6N NON% > # ?(1 : #( ?(1 ! # %&+ %4(N= > @I % # .4( % واژهﻫﺎي : NON% $ $Echinophira sibthorpiana Guss. $ .4#8 .W#X ?!% $)6N $ [email protected] :!" #$ , ﺳﺘﺨج ﺷﺳ ﻛﺒﻬﺎي .Echinophora sibthorpiana Guss ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ ( #" !" #" .4#8 sibthorpiana ( * #" ,- platyloba cinerea 04 $%&56 $%&' $! %& $# ( ) orientalis .(SOZ[ $Y) .! # /01 $2 $3( . $%'!% [V ]V \ ( $ $ G H +!" E. sibthorpiana ; .H HC ^!C_ 1 $^+ ( !(#8 # ( $D#G ! +% @'%b $4 !` $ "0" ( a' > " !" E. sibthorpiana > #, .4( ! 8 !" ; ?" ^# .H % .(S $1) #4 S '4 ?34 cC( >0 : $ B` W'4 E. sibthorpiana !65 =% .4( . # %&G (:< > 4 @' ) E. sibthorpiana #+ d 4 ; M! > .(Seee $Ahmed et al) H %6" 1 NON% $(%Sf/O) )6N $(%[V/) W#X ?!% ;' 4 .+ ?!3= (%O/Z) )6 %( (%Q/O) ;'! N G $(%SZ/) # H!! H!' Y > .4#8 > * + #" .#4 g b I)8 #< ( H %6" 1 Echinophora cinerea (Boiss.) Hedge #+ 6 0! ;' 4 4 M! ]Z .H 4 GC/MS GC !#( $(%Z/[) ;'! N G $(%e/Q) )6N%( $(%Sf/[) ;!GN $(%V/f) )6N .(]VV] $Sajjadi et al) H #( (%/Q) W#%! (%[/) W#! 20 ﺷ 2 % > Echinophora cinerea " 84 $* 9!:- N $(%SV/Z) )6N%( $(%fS/) )6 N 4 4 M! Se /6 $Ahmadi et al) #( ' 0! (%f/S) ;'! N G (%e/f) ;!G .(]VVS > ! E. tenuifolia subsp. Sibthorpiana 84 .H H( %S/S S/O $V/e >( ( (8 H=0 $;6) H4( %ef/eS $%QZ/][ M! ( + 4 4 I 0! )6N W#X ?!% $NON% ?4 ?!3= %eZ/OQ .(]VVO $Ozcan et al) #( )6N I M! 4 4 M! SZ E. chrysantha .(Seef $Baser et al) H #( H 4 h!C= M! O .! ! > E. lamondiana ' . (%Z/) ;'! N G (%]Z/Z) )6N $(%Q) NON% .(]VV] $Baser et al) #( H 4 db E. tenuifolia (3! _ 2i # .! :!:- #" ; 4 hC= (]VV] $Aridogan et al ]VVS $Akin et al) . %( _ H!6 W'4) Fb > +" ?,6 E. sibthorpiana #+ d 9!:- ; IJ K% %6" 1 # " @' ( .+ = %&G 4 db K% ( %+04 ﺳﺘﺨج ﺷﺳ ﻛﺒﻬﺎي .Echinophora sibthorpiana Guss Echinophora sibthorpiana Guss -1 اﻟﻒ- ﺟآ ﺘﺨج ﻧﺲ > 3 > (Echinophora sibthorpiana) .4#8 !" #+ @' ? +" J $( W'4) Fb !0< +*= $@ * 2:!:- &k d#(+ E# !" 4 !j > G ." !" H(#< ! > G .H6" 1 4 F=8 ( M !" lC% $B C( ( !: D ( 8 : $I [ ( !" > ( H0& >( .4 > H(#< ^ 2# E# " . H( %V/fQ $F=8 20 ﺷ 2 [V !" > d" [ : $!" > !" H(#< ;!! H I H(#< .! $H(i > ( ! > G H6" 1 *!% ." 0- ب- ﻨﻲ ﺒﻬﺎي ﺸ دﻨ .( ;%0 ;%6 (GC) A"#>" *% ( & 9. > G % ( IJ & $> ;%( ( (!% H $#% J (GC/MS) K L!< ( 4 ?G# A"#>" *% ( 4 9!1 > % ( m . H( <#( +d"# !< 4 9. 0! ( &: !< $# >( $>( > ?!3= 0! $SATURN .6d ## 2)< > % % + 0- ( .H6" 1 ! ' 4 # $& + J .( E4 $( ]] e W ("!+ 9. > >( ." % (#' 9. ( (=) #% ج- ﻣﺸﺨت دﺘﮕﻬ ﻣد ﺘد دﺘﮕ GC 1 % fV W#< ( DB-1 #% 9A W (Shimadzu) >'!4 A"#>" . ( .4( %3! V/][ ; >6 n HC_ %'!! V/][ $ '+ L1# :!1 [ > G 4 \4 *!% V > #% J ! *!% ][V ( %6 c.6 :!1 H ( K ( #% ;8 > SV) ]fV #%3 9. Y- .H >" > #( FID \# > GC *% % # #%3 .H 4 ^!Y (n( ﺳﺘﺨج ﺷﺳ ﻛﺒﻬﺎي .Echinophora sibthorpiana Guss W#< !i ( %'!% O] H ( .H 4 % ?J >" #( ^!+ .H HJ #% دﺘﮕ GC-MS #% .# \# > K L!< ( 4 ?G# OVV A"# >" ; >6 n HC_ %'!! V/][ 1 % fV W#< ( DB-1 #% .( ( !04 #% J .( .H #( %3! V/][ ]fV) #% > n( SV 9. Y- .H #( GC *% %'!% OS/[ H ( #( d#!+ ?J >" .H 4 ^!Y (*!% #!.!# X $!i F (( ;3 > .H HJ #% W#< !i ( .H #( OV V > !J H %3 ZV ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ > ( H0& $!" > #' + H(#< I ;!! ( > G . H( %V/fQ .4#8 >( ." 0- !" F=8 ' I # 0- ( $ !< "# H( 4 g # + > % ( !< ( .! 0! ( d1 $(SeQZ $Shibamoto SeeV $Davies) @( DB-1 #% ( @( W .! > ?IJ K% ." + ?!3= 0! 4 .#4 ] '4 ?34 ( o#( d"# S M! SZ $# >( + 0- !< ( .4 4 $ .4#8 " 84 20 ﺷ 2 N $(%OS/e) NON% $ ; 4 4 0! ;' .! ( ;! .#( (%[/O) )6 N%( (%Sf/e) W#X ?!% $(%OS/V) )6 .H4 # %S/] .! ( ;!G N" %] ﺟل 1- ﺒﻬﺎي ﻣﺟد د ﻧﺲ ﻧم ﻲ (Echinophora sibthorpiana) ﻒ ﻧم ﻛﺐ ﻧﺲ ﻛﻮﺲ (%) '/ %& α-thujene '/( %&% & α-pinene '/( %)* sabinene ( '/ %+' * β-pinene &/' %. myrcene - (/' ''' ) α-phellandrene (/% ''. + δ-3-carene */+ '( p-cymene . 01 '. limonene % -/( '& ' β-phellandrene '/ '(+ (Z)-β-ocimene 01 '* & (E)-β-ocimene /& '*% ( γ-terpinene '/- '++ terpinolene * / '%% 1,3,8-p-menthatriene - '/& &)% trans-anethole ) )/% (++ methyl eugenol + ." 0- DB-1 #% M&J ( # + %V/V[ > %' N .! ﺳﺘﺨج ﺷﺳ ﻛﺒﻬﺎي .Echinophora sibthorpiana Guss 2- ﻣم ﻧﺲ Echinophora sibthorpiana ﺑﺤﺚ #";!'+ ( %&G 4 db 9!:- ( K% ; &: .! %&+ (= ' 0! " = (Seee $Ahmed et al) I M! %O] J .! ( NON% #< ( .H 2% !&( #( %&G 9!:- # #' + ?!3= ( # W#X ?!% 6< > .H %4 # %SZ/ .! ( d M! H p,%8 #8 ( %[V > c!( I M! #( #' ; o#( # M! ; .H #( %SZ ( # .4( H4( : '!1 E4 c ?- !" H4( > ( = ; +#" * ( E. sibthorpiana M! &: H ; ' 0! > * 3 )6N + 20 ﺷ 2 E. chrysantha $(]VVS $Ahmadi et al ]VV] $Sajjadi et al) E. cinerea #( .! (]VV] $Baser et al) E. lamondiana ;!q'+ (Seef $Baser et al) E. tenuifolia W#X ?!% 3!J . #rJ I 0! > 3 .! NON% .(]VVO $Ozcan et al) H I . > subsp. Sibthorpiana .H M! ;' E. lamondiana 3 ( # ( H6" b!% ( ; > # ;!q'+ ( (= I . H %( _ H!I8 E. tenuifolia .4( %4 %( _ p#8 # .! _J %&+ E. sibthorpiana % # ^ 0! > *'+ )6N%( N +. NON% > Y ( ;(( .%&+ %4( – = @I > . % @I #"; # '+ ( !" sm - !" ; ﺳﭙﺎﺳﮕﺰاري ; db ( d>n 23 @ * 2:!:- &k d%- ;!#t& > +!" '!4 " d%- 3'+ > ;!q'+ .d.*m #' ^+6 9!:- >( '- 1 u#( $ +!" 2:!:- cC( .^ 3= %4 3'+ H 9!:- W#< >! ﺳﺘﺨج ﺷﺳ ﻛﺒﻬﺎي .Echinophora sibthorpiana Guss . $I a+6 2=% $ +!" a+6 .SOZ[ $. $Y N .S $@ * 2:!:- &k 2=% $* #6 $.\ $1 N - Ahmad, V.U., Jassbi A.R., 1999. Analysis of the essential oil of Echinophora sibthorpiana Guss. By means of GC, GC/MS and C-NMR techniques, J. Essent. Oil Res., 11; 107-108. - Ahmadi, L., Mirza, M., Khorram, M.T., 2001. Essential oil of Echinophora cinerea (Boiss) Hedge and Lamond from Iran, J. Essent. Oil Res., 13; 82- 83. - Akin, M., Aktumsek, A., Okur O., 2001. Investigation of antimicrobial activities of some essential oils against some animal pathogens, Veterinarium, 12; 83-85. - Aridogan, B.C., Baydar, H., Kaya, S., Demirci, M., Ozbasar D., Mumcu E., 2002. Antimicrobial activity and chemical composition of some essential oils, Archives of Pharmacal Research, 25; 860-864. - Baser, K.H.C., Bicakci, A., Malyer, H., 2000. Composition of the essential oil of Echinophora lamondiana, J.