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Irlanda Y Cuba Historias Entretejidas IRLANDA Y CUBA HISTORIAS ENTRETEJIDAS IRELAND & CUBA ENTANGLED HISTORIES IRLANDA Y CUBA HISTORIAS ENTRETEJIDAS IRELAND & CUBA ENTANGLED HISTORIES GERA BURTON JULIO DAVID ROJAS RODRÍGUEZ MARGARET BREHONY GISELLE GONZÁLEZ GARCÍA RAFAEL FERNÁNDEZ MOYA JOSÉ ANTONIO QUINTANA GARCÍA FÉLIX FLORES VARONA Coordinación y edición / Coordination and edition MARGARET BREHONY, NUALA FINNEGAN La Habana, 2019 Edición general / General edition Mario Cremata Coordinación y edición / Coordination and edition Margaret Brehony, Nuala Finnegan Diseño y maquetación / Design and book maker Yadyra Rodríguez Coordinación ejecutiva / Executive coordination Onedys Calvo Imagen de cubierta / Cover picture Christopher Cozier. Detalle, perteneciente a la serie “Tropical Night”, 2005. Se dedica este libro a Eusebio Leal, Historiador de La Habana © Sobre la presente edición: Ediciones Boloña, 2019. This book is dedicated to Eusebio Leal, Official Historian for the City of Havana ISBN: 978-959-294-207-3 Prohibida la reproducción total o parcial de esta publicación sin permiso previo por escrito de los titulares del copyright. Publicaciones de la Oficina del Historiador de la Ciudad. San Ignacio no. 364 altos, entre Muralla y Teniente Rey, La Habana Vieja, Cuba. [email protected] +53 7801 8180. V AGRADECIMIENTOS Somos conscientes de lo mucho que este libro debe a todas esas personas que nos ayudaron, pero primero permítasenos agradecer a nuestros autores por su paciencia durante los momentos más difíciles del proceso. El libro no hubiera sido posible sin el apoyo incondicional de la Embajada de Irlanda, en particular de la embajadora Barbara Jones y su equipo. Estamos profundamente agradecidas por los fondos proporcionados por el Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores en Irlanda, y el Departamento de Español, Portugués y Estudios Latinoamericanos en la Universidad Nacional de Irlanda, Cork, que permitieron sufragar la traducción, preparación e impresión. Queremos expresar nuestro aprecio a Onedys Calvo Noya, directora del otrora Palacio Segundo Cabo, actual Centro para la interpre- tación de las relaciones culturales Cuba-Europa, cuyo respaldo ha sido esencial. Con profunda gratitud reconocemos el profesionalismo del equipo de Ediciones Boloña en La Habana, especialmente Mario Cremata y Yadyra Rodríguez, a quienes agradecemos su interés en el proyecto. A nuestros traductores maravi- llosos Fiona Clancy, Giselle González García y Félix Flores Varona agradecemos sus esfuerzos de corazón. Nos hemos beneficiado enormemente del cuidadoso trabajo de Stan Carey, y la aportación de Yairen Jerez Columbié ha sido impres- cindible. Christopher Cozier y Carlos Garrido Castellano han sido fuentes de inspiración y ayuda práctica. Finalmente, damos las gracias a todas las personas que nos apoyaron durante el trabajo de compilación y coordinación, especial- mente nuestros amigos y familias. Margaret Brehony, La Habana, diciembre de 2019 Nuala Finnegan, Cork, diciembre de 2019 VII ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This book owes a great deal to many people but first and foremost, we must thank our contributors for their patience and collaboration during the more arduous moments of the process. This book would not have been possible without the unstinting support of the Irish Embassy led by Ambassador Barbara Jones and her team. We are deeply grateful for funds provided by the Department of Foreign Affairs and the Department of Spanish, Portuguese and Latin American Studies, University College Cork to cover the costs of production, translation and preparation. Grateful appreciation is due to Onedys Calvo Noya, director of the Palacio Segundo Cabo whose support has been essential. We are indebted to the editors at Ediciones Boloña in Havana, led by Mario Cremata as well as Yadyra Rodríguez, for their interest in the project and their professionalism. To our wonderful translators Fiona Clancy, Giselle González García and Félix Flores Varona we say a heartfelt thank you. We very much welcomed the careful editing skills provided by Stan Carey and the help extended by Yairen Jerez Columbié with structuring and framing. Christopher Cozier and Carlos Garrido Castellano were important sources of inspiration and practical help. We are thankful to the many other people who supported us through the relentless work of academic editing, most importantly our friends and family. Margaret Brehony, Havana, December, 2019 Nuala Finnegan, Cork, December, 2019 IX INDICE / TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCCIÓN. Margaret Brehony, Nuala Finnegan / 1 INTRODUCTION. Margaret Brehony, Nuala Finnegan / 9 Bibliografía / Bibliography / 15 CAPÍTULO 1 / CHAPTER 1. Gera Burton La llamada de la libertad: la voz de Richard Robert Madden en el movimiento antiesclavista / 17 Liberty’s Call: Richard Robert Madden’s voice in the anti-slavery movement / 34 Bibliografía / Bibliography / 47 CAPÍTULO 2 / CHAPTER 2. Julio David Rojas Rodríguez La conquista del espacio atlántico sobre hombros negros: la familia O’Farrill y el comercio de esclavos (1716-1866) / 49 Conquering Atlantic Space Upon Black Shoulders: the O’Farrill family and the slave trade (1716-1866) / 62 Bibliografía / Bibliography / 74 CAPÍTULO 3 / CHAPTER 3. Margaret Brehony Procesos de “blanqueamiento” étnico y políticas de raza, trabajo e identidad nacional en la Cuba colonial: un estudio de caso de inmigrantes irlandeses (1818-1845) / 75 Ethnic Whitening Processes and the Politics of Race, Labour, and National Identity in Colonial Cuba: A case study of Irish immigrants (1818-1845) / 95 Bibliografía / Bibliography / 111 CAPÍTULO 4 / CHAPTER 4. Giselle González García Morir en La Habana: microhistoria de los inmigrantes irlandeses enterrados en el Cementerio General (1859-1862) / 115 Dying in Havana: A microhistory of the Irish immigrants buried in the General Cemetery (1859-1862) / 131 INTRODUCCIÓN Bibliografía / Bibliography / 146 MARGARET BREHONY, NUALA FINNEGAN Anexo / Appendix / 148 Traducido por Giselle González García Las islas de Irlanda y Cuba, unidas por el Atlántico, comparten una historia CAPÍTULO 5 / CHAPTER 5. Rafael Fernández Moya de colonización por parte de las potencias europeas rivales, Gran Bretaña y Diáspora irlandesa en Cuba: presencia de la mujer España. Situadas en las periferias de dos imperios, ambas islas funcionaron en el desarrollo económico y social / 155 como fronteras coloniales estratégicas desde la temprana época de la expansión Women in the Irish Diaspora in Cuba: europea hasta el siglo XIX. Importantes paralelismos existen entre Irlanda y Cuba, Their role in economic and social development / 176 los cuales han sido recientemente descritos por el presidente de Irlanda, Michael Bibliografía / Bibliography / 196 D. Higgins como “nuestros pasados coloniales, [nuestros] pasados católicos, [y] nuestras experiencias postcoloniales” (UCC, 2017). Hay mucho que aprender de la comparación de nuestras experiencias comunes de descolonización; de nuestras CAPÍTULO 6 / CHAPTER 6. José Antonio Quintana García posiciones en relación con los procesos asociados a la globalización; y de la mezcla James O’Kelly: corresponsal de Guerra en Cuba / 199 de diversas etnias, culturas e idiomas como resultado del pasado colonial. Este James O’Kelly: War Correspondent in Cuba / 219 libro, resultado del esfuerzo mancomunado de académicos irlandeses y cubanos, Bibliografía / Bibliography / 238 está enfocado en los puntos de conexión entre dos países vistos a través del prisma de la migración transnacional y en el contexto de una historia compartida de colo- nialismo, de subsecuentes luchas revolucionarias, y de independencia. A diferencia CAPÍTULO 7 / CHAPTER 7. Félix Flores Varona de Argentina, los Estados Unidos, o el Caribe británico, la presencia irlandesa en José Martí: el retrato olvidado de Oscar Wilde / 239 Cuba no es tan evidente en la fusión que es la cultura cubana en el siglo XXI. Sin José Martí’s Forgotten Portrait of Oscar Wilde / 252 embargo, rastros de la herencia irlandesa en el panorama habanero son evidentes desde los siglos XViii y XIX. Rafael Fernández Moya, antiguo especialista de la Bibliografía / Bibliography / 264 Oficina del Historiador de la Ciudad de La Habana, compiló un catálogo de los topónimos cubanos relacionados con inmigrantes irlandeses quienes, a lo largo AUTORES / CONTRIBUTORS / 265 de los siglos, dejaron una marca en la evolución económica, cultural y política de la isla (Fernández Moya, 2007: 193). La Cuba de hoy no hace gala de una diáspora irlandesa fácilmente identificable, pero apellidos cubanos como O’Bourke Rodríguez, O’Halloran González, O’Neal Sánchez son indicativos de una presencia irlandesa en algún momento pasado. Este libro ilumina esas conexiones 1 INTRODUCCIÓN INTRODUCCIÓN criollas a partir de la investigación sustentada en los documentos coloniales A lo largo del siglo XIX, trabajadores irlandeses se unieron a un altamente existentes en el Archivo Nacional de Cuba, pero también en los registros parro- móvil proletariado en el mundo Atlántico. Entre el final de las Guerras Na- quiales, los libros de cementerios, periódicos, y recuentos de escritores y viajeros. poleónicas (1803-1815) y el inicio de la Gran Hambruna (1845-1847) en Irlanda, Todas estas fuentes proveen rica evidencia sobre los irlandeses, quienes vivieron los desalojos y el conflicto agrario fueron testigos de cómo números crecien- entre algunos de los más ricos, pero más frecuentemente, entre los más pobres de tes de emigrantes católicos se fueron uniendo al flujo trasatlántico. Un estimado los inmigrantes europeos en la sociedad colonial cubana.
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