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Introduction Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Notes Introduction 1. I am grateful to Richard Boyd for his teaching and supervision, as a result of which I was introduced to the eminent importance, both within and outside philosophy, of arguments for naturalistic realism in Anglo- American analytic philosophy. See Boyd 1982, 1983, 1985, 1988, 1999, 2010. 2. This is how the term is spelled in Goodman 1973. Chapter 1 1. This took place at a talk at the University of Havana on the occasion of receiving an honorary degree December 8, 2001, Havana, Cuba. 2. Take, for example, Senel Paz saying, “I have always thought that it is the duty of the intellectuals . to examine closely all of our errors and negative tendencies, to study them with courage and without shame” (my translation) in Heras 1999: 148. 3. I have discussed this view at some length in Babbitt 1996. 4. Julia Sweig’s statement is significant given that she was director of Latin Ameri- can studies at the Council of Foreign Relations, a major foreign policy forum for the US government. See Sweig 2007, cited in Veltmeyer & Rushton 2013: 301. 5. “US Governor in First Trip to Castro’s Cuba” (1999, October 24), New York Times, p. 14, http:// search .proquest .com .proxy .queensu .ca /docview /110125370 / pageviewPDF ?accountid = 6180 [accessed March 10, 2013]. 6. The fact- value distinction emerged in European Enlightenment philosophy, originating, arguably, with Hume (1711– 1776) who argued that normative arguments (about value) cannot be derived logically from arguments about what exists. 7. The view that the mind, understood as consciousness, is physical, although distinctly so, is defended by philosophers of mind (Searle 1998; see also Prado 2006). Chapter 2 1. An earlier, shorter, and somewhat different version of this chapter was published in Journal on African Philosophy (Issue 5, 2012). I am grateful to Azuka Nzegwu 186 ● Notes and the Africa Resource Project (africaresource .com) for granting permission to use that article again here. 2. Daily Telegraph (1985, May 24), p. 22 cited in Gleijeses 2013a: 11. 3. Bowdler to SecState March 19, 1977, FOIA, cited in Gleijeses 2013: 11. 4. This was said by a close aide to Foreign Minister Pik Botha, cited in Gleijeses 2013a: 509. 5. This is true with a few exceptions, such as Raúl Castro’s speech and an interview on Democracy Now! with Piero Gleijeses. See Gleijeses 2013b. 6. Ministerio de las Fuerzas Armadas (MINFAR, Cuba), “Misiones internacio- nalistas militares cumplidas por Cuba, 1963– 1991,” Secret Bureau of the Second Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba, table 2, cited in Gleijeses 2013a: 521. 7. MINFAR, “Misiones internacionalistas militares cumplidas por Cuba, 1963– 1991,” Secret Bureau of the Second Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba, table 1, cited in Gleijeses 2013a: 521. 8. Castro, Fidel (1988, April 23), “Indicaciones concretas del comandante en jefe que guirarán la actuación de la delegación cubana en las conversaciones en Luanda y las negociaciones en Londres,” Archive of the Cuban Armed Forces, cited in Gleijeses 2013a: 524. 9. National Intelligence Estimate, CIA (1960, June 14), “The Situation in Cuba,” Washington, DC: National Security Archive, p. 9; Special National Intelligence Estimate (1979, June 21), “The Cuban Foreign Policy,” National Library of Congress 6– 14– 1– 2– 7, Jimmy Carter Library, p. 6, cited in Gleijeses 2013a: 525. 10. CIA (1979, April 9), “Angola Cuba: Some Strains but No New,” Central Intel- ligence Agency Records Search Tool, College Park, Maryland: National Archive, cited in Gleijeses 2013: 12. 11. Mandela (1991, July 28), Washington Post, p. 32, cited in Gleijeses 2013a: 526. 12. The agreement with Venezuela is an exception resulting in an equitable, if not equal, international exchange. See Kirk & Erisman 2009. 13. For a summary of the arguments regarding objectivity in ethics, see, for example, Boyd 1988 and Campbell 2011. 14. Department of State, United States (March 1965), “Soviet Intentions toward Cuba,” National Security File Country File box 33/37, p. 2, cited in Gleijeses 2003: 375. 15. “National Policy Paper— Cuba: United States Policy” (1968, July 15), draft, p. 15, Freedom of Information Act, cited in Gleijeses 2002: 377. 16. CIA, Office of Current Intelligence (1964, April 1), “Survey of Latin America,” National Security File Country File box 1, pp. 83– 84, cited in Gleijeses 2003: 375. 17. Hughes to the secretary of state (1965, April 19), “Che Guevara’s African Ven- ture,” National Security File Country File box 20, pp. 1– 2, cited in Gleijeses 2002: 375– 76. Notes ● 187 18. Hughes to the secretary of state (1965, August 10), “The Cuban Revolution: Phase 2,” National Security File Country File box 18/19, p. 16, cited in Gleijeses 2002: 376. 19. Bureau of Intelligence and Research, US Department of State (1967, September 15), “Cuba’s Foreign Policy,” p. 4, cited in Gleijeses 2013: 375. 20. National Coalition of Americans Committed to Rescuing Africa from the Grip of Soviet Tyranny (1985, December 7), Washington Times, p. A5, cited in Gleije- ses 2013a: 13. 21. In 1824, the Cuban poet José María de Heredia wrote a poem about Niagara Falls. 22. CIA, Office of Current Intelligence (1964, April 1), “Survey of Latin Amer- ica,” National Security File Country File box 1, pp. 83– 84, cited in Gleijeses 2003: 375. 23. This is attributed to Henry John Temple Viscount Lord Palmerston 1784– 1865, foreign secretary and two- time prime minister under Queen Victoria. http:// en .wikiquote .org /wiki /Henry _Temple, _3rd _Viscount _Palmerston [accessed Decem- ber 30, 2013]. Chapter 3 1. Allen Wood suggests that Marx was wrong about this. I discuss his objection presently. 2. For example, in a recent much- discussed book about time, Claudia Hammond argues that mental quiet is not worthy of pursuit. To “slow down time,” one should engage in “total activity.” See Hammond 2012. 3. This quote was part of a petition launched in defense of Cuba in 2003. Chapter 4 1. An earlier version of this chapter was published in Journal on African Philoso- phy (Issue 6, 2012). I thank Azuka Nzegwu and the Africa Resource Project for granting permission to use some parts of that article here. 2. I first discussed this example in Babbitt 1996. 3. See, for example, the argument about the birth of Dolly the sheep in Kitcher 2001: 63– 82. 4. This was stated in conversation and in speaking to my class. 5. For example, Frederick Engels writes, “But however often, and however relent- lessly, this cycle is completed in time and space, however millions of suns and earths shall arise and pass away, however long it may last until the conditions for organic life develop, however innumerable the organic beings that have to arise and pass away . and therefore also that with the same iron necessity that it will exterminate on the earth its highest creation, the thinking mind, it must somewhere else and at another time again produce it” (Engels 1940: 24– 25). 6. For a range of views on Marx and morality, see Nielsen & Patten 1981. 188 ● Notes Chapter 5 1. This chapter began as an argument in chapter 2 of Humanism and Embodi- ment: From Cause and Effect to Secularism (Bloomsbury, 2014). The argument in this chapter is different, but I am grateful to Bloomsbury for the reuse of some points, specifically, the preceding two principal examples. 2. José Lezama Lima stated that Martí’s “War Diaries” are “the greatest poem[s] ever written by a Cuban” (Editor’s note in Martí 2002: 350). 3. I am grateful to Rigoberto Pupo Pupo, at the University of Havana, Cuba, for insisting on the significance of “Emerson” in indicating Martí’s cosmovisión (worldview). 4. The distinction is associated with David Hume who argued that it is impossible to derive statements about what ought to be from statements about what is. The debate about whether normative claims can be known, or are even meaningful, as opposed to factual claims, which have truth value, continued throughout the twentieth century. See, for example, Boyd 1988; Campbell 2011. 5. René Descartes expressed such a view in Descartes 1641, but it continues to have consequences to this day. See, for example, Maté 2008 for its consequences in Western medicine. 6. Richard N. Boyd (1992), unpublished paper presented to the philosophy depart- ment at the University of Toronto. 7. For a summary of such argument, see Boyd 1988 and Campbell 2011. 8. I first discussed this example in a different context in Babbitt 2001. 9. This is true although few philosophers of science make the connection to Marx. Richard Boyd is one who does in Boyd 1988, 1999. 10. This was said in a speech broadcast on Cuban radio on December 2, 2001. 11. This point was made repeatedly by Dr. Rigoberto Pupo Pupo in his classes on Martí at the University of Havana. See also Ikeda & Vitier 2001: 174. References Abbey, Susan E. (2012, February). Mindfulness and psychiatry. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 57(2), 61– 62. Achebe, Chinua. (1988). Anthills of the Savannah. London, UK: Picador. Adalberto, Roque. (2011, December 7). All grown up: Elián González, survivor of raft journey from Cuba, turns 18. Reuters NBC News On- line. Retrieved from http:// worldnews .nbcnews .com / _news /2011 /12 /07 /9266563-all-grown-up-elian -gonzalez-survivor-of-raft-journey-from-cuba-turns-18?>lite [Accessed April 23, 2013]. Agramonte, Roberto (Ed.). (2000). La polémica filosófica cubana 1838– 1839 (Vol. 1). Havana, Cuba: Biblioteca de clásicos cubanos. Alarcón de Quesada, Ricardo. (2002). Cuba y la lucha por la democracia. Havana, Cuba: Editorial de ciencias sociales. Ali, Tariq. (2006). Pirates of the Caribbean: Axis of hope. New York, NY: Verso Press. Appiah, Kwame Anthony.
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