DOCSLIB.ORG

ABSTRACT MODLISZEWSKI, JENNIFER LOUISE. the Formation

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
ABSTRACT MODLISZEWSKI, JENNIFER LOUISE. the Formation ABSTRACT MODLISZEWSKI, JENNIFER LOUISE. The formation and maintenance of a hybrid zone of Aesculus L. (Sapindaceae) in the southeastern United States. (Under the direction of Qiu- Yun (Jenny) Xiang) Hybrid zones have long been touted by plant evolutionary biologists as an unrivaled phenomenon through which the mechanisms of evolution may be studied as they are occurring. Speciation, introgression, and adaptation may all occur as a result of their formation and thus their study may provide new insight into how these processes occur. The purpose of this study is to determine the manner in which a broad hybrid zone of Aesculus was formed, through the use of chloroplast DNA analysis. This hybrid zone encompasses parts of central and northern Georgia and includes hybrids among three species of Aesculus sect. Pavia: Aesculus flava, A. pavia, and A. sylvatica. These species currently have distinct geographic distributions, with both A. pavia and A. flava absent from the hybrid zone. Previous hypotheses have purported that the Aesculus hybrid zone was formed through either 1) secondary contact of previously isolated species or 2) recurrent long-distance pollen dispersal via the ruby-throated hummingbird, Archilochus colubris. It is also possible that the zone may have originated through a combination of both of these forces. This study consists of two parts, the first involving the verification of maternal inheritance of chloroplasts in Aesculus, and the second involving the assessment of the hypothesis of historical secondary contact, based on patterns of cpDNA variation in hybrid and parental populations. Verification of the inheritance of chloroplasts was accomplished through the sequencing of the matK gene from the parents and progeny of 17 crosses among various Aesculus species. The relative contribution of historical secondary contact to the formation of the hybrid zone was accomplished through PCR-RFLP analysis of three loci in the chloroplast genome: matK, trnD-trnT, and trnH-trnK, from 29 natural populations of Aesculus located within, adjacent to, and broadly separate from the hybrid zone. Haplotypes identified from RFLP analysis of the three loci were sequenced and subjected to phylogenetic and population genetic analyses. Results from the sequencing of the matK gene from controlled crosses verified that chloroplasts are inherited maternally in Aesculus, as in most angiosperms. Twenty-one unique haplotypes were identified via analysis of RFLPs, indicating that the chloroplast genome of Aesculus is highly polymorphic. Phylogenetic and population genetic analyses of sequence and restriction site data revealed that cpDNA haplotypes do not correlate with either spatial or taxonomic boundaries. Haplotypes of A. pavia, a species that is presently physically absent from the hybrid zone, were detected in hybrid populations. Additionally, most populations were fixed for a single haplotype that was unique to that population. These results suggest that while secondary contact has played a historical role in the formation of the hybrid zone, current gene flow via seeds is highly restricted among populations. Furthermore, multiple types of cpDNA, originating from the last common ancestor of the group, are maintained in hybridizing species, suggesting that the common ancestor of species of sect. Pavia was polymorphic. Comparison of these results to those of previous analysis of allozyme markers suggests that intermittent long-distance pollen dispersal has helped to maintain the hybrid zone while localized gene flow due to secondary contact of divergent species was responsible for the initial formation of the hybrid zone. Future studies of the Aesculus hybrid zone might focus on the fitness of hybrid individuals as a determining factor in the continued maintenance of the hybrid zone, as well as genotype-by-environment interactions that may be influencing the physical shape and geographic location of the Aesculus hybrid zone. This study could lead to the development of a new hybrid zone model, which would be particularly well-suited for plants capable of long-distance dispersal. THE FORMATION AND MAINTENANCE OF A HYBRID ZONE OF AESCULUS L. (SAPINDACEAE) IN THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES by Jennifer Louise Modliszewski A thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty of North Carolina State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science BOTANY Raleigh 2005 Approved by: _____________________ _____________________ Dr. Philip Awadalla Dr. Thomas R. Wentworth _____________________ _____________________ Dr. Michael D. Purugganan Dr. Qiu-Yun (Jenny) Xiang Co-Chair of the Advisory Committee Co-Chair of the Advisory Committee BIOGRAPHY Jennifer Louise Modliszewski was born in Manassas, VA on 5 March 1980 to Darlene and Louis Modliszewski. Jennifer graduated from Liberty High School in Bealeton, Virginia in June of 1998 as the valedictorian of her senior class. She received a Park Scholarship to attend North Carolina State University, where she went on to receive a Bachelor of Science in both botany and horticultural science. As an undergraduate, Jennifer worked as an undergraduate research assistant in the molecular evolutionary genetics laboratory of Michael Purugganan. Additionally, during the summer of 2001, she worked as an intern at the United States National Arboretum in Washington, DC, where she studied the genetic diversity of a rare plant, Gaylussacia brachycera. In the fall of 2002, Jennifer enrolled in the Department of Botany at North Carolina State University to pursue a master of science, with interests in population genetics and evolutionary ecology. Jennifer is married, and met her husband, Neil Jacobs, while an undergraduate at North Carolina State University. After graduation, she plans to continue her education in the field of population genetics and evolutionary ecology. ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to begin by expressing my deepest gratitude to all of my committee members for their guidance, support and understanding. In particular, I would like to thank Dr. Qiu-Yun (Jenny) Xiang, my major advisor, for her understanding and patience with me, and for her attempts to create a familial atmosphere within the lab. I would like to thank Dr. Michael Purugganan for not seeming to mind that every time that I came to his office to talk to him about something, I ended up crying, although not because of anything that he had to say. While here, he has been a major source of inspiration, motivation, and worldly wisdom for me. And of course, the everyday enthusiasm and cheer of Dr. Tom Wentworth made my course of study here a much brighter one. To Dr. Awadalla, I can only say that I wish you would have been ‘on the boat’ from the beginning. I also thank Dr. Becky Boston for making my decision regarding my course of study here at NCSU an easier one. I would also like to extend special thanks and acknowledgments to collaborators that worked with me on the cpDNA analysis of the hybrid zone: Claude dePamphilis, Daniel Crawford, David Thomas, and Chuanzhu Fan. In particular, Claude contributed many insightful comments and helpful additions to the manuscript. In addition, David Thomas and Dr. Tom Wentworth were, thankfully, extremely meticulous in their editing of the manuscript. Charlotte Chan of the Holden Arboretum and Susan Wiegrefe of the Morton Arboretum provided materials for cpDNA inheritance analysis, and thus deserve many thanks. Additionally, Todd Lasseigne and the J. C. Raulston Arboretum allowed me to perform the initial crossing experiments. The research presented here was supported by a iii Faculty Research grant from Idaho State University and a Faculty Research and Development grant from NCSU, both awarded to QYJX. My graduate experience at NCSU would have been a much more stressful one, were it not for the help of Sue Vitello. Without her help, I might have been giving my thesis seminar on the brickyard. I would also like to thank my fellow lab-mates, Chuanzhu Fan, Wenheng Zhang, and Melinda Peters, for offering advice and help, both scientific and otherwise. Even though many of our shared experiences here have mostly been of the stressful sort, I felt fortunate to have true peers to look to for advice and support. Additionally, I recognize the laboratory trouble-shooting abilities of David Thomas, which have made my time in laboratory well spent. My parents, Louis and Darlene, deserve much acknowledgment and kudos for the careful upbringing of all of their children, and for their (successful) attempts to instill in us the highest of moral values and appreciation for that which we have. I will carry these values with me, in both scientific endeavors and life in general. I thank my father for his demands for perfection and attention to detail, or in other words, his embodiment of the philosophy that if “…you are going to do a shoddy job of something there is no point in doing it at all…”. I would also like to thank my mother for her unending willingness to listen, even when I didn’t want to talk. Finally, I would like to thank my husband, Neil, for always believing in me and for never failing to tell me so whenever I needed to hear it. Unfortunately for him, at times this was quite often. iv CONTENTS List of Tables . vii List of Figures . viii List of Abbreviations . ix Chapter 1 – Introduction — Hybridization and the Aesculus Hybrid Zone . 1 Background . 1 What is a hybrid? What is a hybrid zone? . 1 Significance of the study of hybrid zones . 1 How are hybrid zones formed? How are hybrid zones maintained? — Hybrid zone models . 3 Aesculus L. (Sapindaceae) . 4 Biogeography of Aesculus . 4 North American Aesculus . 4 Floral morphology of Aesculus . 5 General description of the hybrid zone . 6 Hybrid forms . 7 Studies Presented in Subsequent Chapters . 8 Chloroplast DNA inheritance analysis . 8 Analysis of cpDNA restriction site haplotypes . 9 Chapter 2 – Ancestral Chloroplast Polymorphism and Historical Secondary Contact in a Broad Hybrid Zone of Aesculus (Sapindaceae) . 11 Abstract . 11 Introduction . 13 Materials and Methods .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • State of New York City's Plants 2018
    STATE OF NEW YORK CITY’S PLANTS 2018 Daniel Atha & Brian Boom © 2018 The New York Botanical Garden All rights reserved ISBN 978-0-89327-955-4 Center for Conservation Strategy The New York Botanical Garden 2900 Southern Boulevard Bronx, NY 10458 All photos NYBG staff Citation: Atha, D. and B. Boom. 2018. State of New York City’s Plants 2018. Center for Conservation Strategy. The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY. 132 pp. STATE OF NEW YORK CITY’S PLANTS 2018 4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 6 INTRODUCTION 10 DOCUMENTING THE CITY’S PLANTS 10 The Flora of New York City 11 Rare Species 14 Focus on Specific Area 16 Botanical Spectacle: Summer Snow 18 CITIZEN SCIENCE 20 THREATS TO THE CITY’S PLANTS 24 NEW YORK STATE PROHIBITED AND REGULATED INVASIVE SPECIES FOUND IN NEW YORK CITY 26 LOOKING AHEAD 27 CONTRIBUTORS AND ACKNOWLEGMENTS 30 LITERATURE CITED 31 APPENDIX Checklist of the Spontaneous Vascular Plants of New York City 32 Ferns and Fern Allies 35 Gymnosperms 36 Nymphaeales and Magnoliids 37 Monocots 67 Dicots 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report, State of New York City’s Plants 2018, is the first rankings of rare, threatened, endangered, and extinct species of what is envisioned by the Center for Conservation Strategy known from New York City, and based on this compilation of The New York Botanical Garden as annual updates thirteen percent of the City’s flora is imperiled or extinct in New summarizing the status of the spontaneous plant species of the York City. five boroughs of New York City. This year’s report deals with the City’s vascular plants (ferns and fern allies, gymnosperms, We have begun the process of assessing conservation status and flowering plants), but in the future it is planned to phase in at the local level for all species.
    [Show full text]
  • Aesculus Flava (Yellow Buckeye, Sweet Buckeye) Aesculus Flava Is a Medium to Large Deciduous Tree
    Aesculus flava (Yellow buckeye, sweet buckeye) Aesculus flava is a medium to large deciduous tree. The palmate compound leaves turn yellow in the fall. Large yellow flower appears in mid spring. Do not use this specimen as a street tree because of the litter produced by the falling leaves. Used as a shade tree. Landscape Information Pronounciation: ESS-kew-lus FLAY-vuh Plant Type: Tree Heat Zones: 5, 6, 7, 8 Hardiness Zones: 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 Uses: Screen, Specimen, Shade Size/Shape Growth Rate: Moderate Tree Shape: oval Canopy Symmetry: Symmetrical Canopy Density: Dense Canopy Texture: Coarse Height at Maturity: Over 23 Spread at Maturity: 8 to 10 meters Time to Ultimate Height: More than 50 Years Plant Image Aesculus flava (Yellow buckeye, sweet buckeye) Botanical Description Foliage Leaf Arrangement: Opposite Leaf Venation: Pinnate Leaf Persistance: Deciduous Leaf Type: Palmately Compound Leaf Blade: 5 - 10 cm Leaf Shape: Oval Leaf Margins: Serrate Leaf Textures: Coarse Leaf Scent: No Fragance Color(growing season): Green Color(changing season): Yellow Flower Flower Showiness: True Flower Size Range: 7 - 10 Flower Type: Panicle Flower Image Flower Sexuality: Monoecious (Bisexual) Flower Scent: No Fragance Flower Color: Yellow Seasons: Spring Trunk Trunk Has Crownshaft: False Trunk Susceptibility to Breakage: Generally resists breakage Number of Trunks: Single Trunk Trunk Esthetic Values: Not Showy Fruit Fruit Type: Nut Fruit Showiness: True Fruit Size Range: 1.5 - 3 Fruit Colors: Brown Seasons: Spring Aesculus flava (Yellow buckeye, sweet
    [Show full text]
  • Checklist of Illinois Native Trees
    Technical Forestry Bulletin · NRES-102 Checklist of Illinois Native Trees Jay C. Hayek, Extension Forestry Specialist Department of Natural Resources & Environmental Sciences Updated May 2019 This Technical Forestry Bulletin serves as a checklist of Tree species prevalence (Table 2), or commonness, and Illinois native trees, both angiosperms (hardwoods) and gym- county distribution generally follows Iverson et al. (1989) and nosperms (conifers). Nearly every species listed in the fol- Mohlenbrock (2002). Additional sources of data with respect lowing tables† attains tree-sized stature, which is generally to species prevalence and county distribution include Mohlen- defined as having a(i) single stem with a trunk diameter brock and Ladd (1978), INHS (2011), and USDA’s The Plant Da- greater than or equal to 3 inches, measured at 4.5 feet above tabase (2012). ground level, (ii) well-defined crown of foliage, and(iii) total vertical height greater than or equal to 13 feet (Little 1979). Table 2. Species prevalence (Source: Iverson et al. 1989). Based on currently accepted nomenclature and excluding most minor varieties and all nothospecies, or hybrids, there Common — widely distributed with high abundance. are approximately 184± known native trees and tree-sized Occasional — common in localized patches. shrubs found in Illinois (Table 1). Uncommon — localized distribution or sparse. Rare — rarely found and sparse. Nomenclature used throughout this bulletin follows the Integrated Taxonomic Information System —the ITIS data- Basic highlights of this tree checklist include the listing of 29 base utilizes real-time access to the most current and accept- native hawthorns (Crataegus), 21 native oaks (Quercus), 11 ed taxonomy based on scientific consensus.
    [Show full text]
  • Species at Risk on Department of Defense Installations
    Species at Risk on Department of Defense Installations Revised Report and Documentation Prepared for: Department of Defense U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Submitted by: January 2004 Species at Risk on Department of Defense Installations: Revised Report and Documentation CONTENTS 1.0 Executive Summary..........................................................................................iii 2.0 Introduction – Project Description................................................................. 1 3.0 Methods ................................................................................................................ 3 3.1 NatureServe Data................................................................................................ 3 3.2 DOD Installations............................................................................................... 5 3.3 Species at Risk .................................................................................................... 6 4.0 Results................................................................................................................... 8 4.1 Nationwide Assessment of Species at Risk on DOD Installations..................... 8 4.2 Assessment of Species at Risk by Military Service.......................................... 13 4.3 Assessment of Species at Risk on Installations ................................................ 15 5.0 Conclusion and Management Recommendations.................................... 22 6.0 Future Directions.............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Nuclear DNA Analyses in Genetic Studies of Populations: Practice, Problems and Prospects
    Molecular Ecology (2003) 12, 563–584 INVITEDBlackwell Publishing Ltd. REVIEW Nuclear DNA analyses in genetic studies of populations: practice, problems and prospects DE-XING ZHANG* and GODFREY M. HEWITT† *State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Zhongguancun Road, Beijing 100080, PR China, †School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK Abstract Population-genetic studies have been remarkably productive and successful in the last dec- ade following the invention of PCR technology and the introduction of mitochondrial and microsatellite DNA markers. While mitochondrial DNA has proven powerful for genea- logical and evolutionary studies of animal populations, and microsatellite sequences are the most revealing DNA markers available so far for inferring population structure and dynamics, they both have important and unavoidable limitations. To obtain a fuller picture of the history and evolutionary potential of populations, genealogical data from nuclear loci are essential, and the inclusion of other nuclear markers, i.e. single copy nuclear poly- morphic (scnp) sequences, is clearly needed. Four major uncertainties for nuclear DNA analyses of populations have been facing us, i.e. the availability of scnp markers for carry- ing out such analysis, technical laboratory hurdles for resolving haplotypes, difficulty in data analysis because of recombination, low divergence levels and intraspecific multi- furcation evolution, and the utility of scnp markers for addressing population-genetic ques- tions. In this review, we discuss the availability of highly polymorphic single copy DNA in the nuclear genome, describe patterns and rate of evolution of nuclear sequences, sum- marize past empirical and theoretical efforts to recover and analyse data from scnp markers, and examine the difficulties, challenges and opportunities faced in such studies.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecological Site F136XY031GA PROVISIONAL - Bottomland Forest, Thermic Temperature Regime
    Natural Resources Conservation Service Ecological site F136XY031GA PROVISIONAL - Bottomland Forest, Thermic Temperature Regime Accessed: 10/02/2021 General information MLRA notes Major Land Resource Area (MLRA): 136X–Southern Piedmont This area is in North Carolina (29 percent), Georgia (27 percent), Virginia (21 percent), South Carolina (16 percent), and Alabama (7 percent). It makes up about 64,395 square miles (166,865 square kilometers). (Ag Bulletin 296) The northeast-southwest trending Piedmont ecoregion comprises a transitional area between the mostly mountainous ecoregions of the Appalachians to the northwest and the relatively flat coastal plain to the southeast. It is a complex mosaic of Precambrian and Paleozoic metamorphic and igneous rocks with moderately dissected irregular plains and some hills. (EPA Ecoregions descriptions) ADD APPROPRIATE ECOREGION DESCRIPTION(S) Classification relationships A PROVISIONAL ECOLOGICAL SITE is a conceptual grouping of soil map unit components within a Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) based on the similarities in response to management. Although there may be wide variability in the productivity of the soils grouped into a Provisional Site, the soil vegetation interactions as expressed in the State and Transition Model are similar and the management actions required to achieve objectives, whether maintaining the existing ecological state or managing for an alternative state, are similar. Provisional Sites are likely to be refined into more precise group during the process of meeting the APPROVED ECOLOGICAL SITE DESCRIPTION criteria. This PROVISIONAL ECOLOGICAL SITE has been developed to meet the standards established in the National Ecological Site Handbook. The information associated with this ecological site does not meet the Approved Ecological Site Description Standard, but it has been through a Quality Control and Quality Assurance processes to assure consistency and completeness.
    [Show full text]
  • The Genetic Legacy of the Quaternary Ice Ages
    review article The genetic legacy of the Quaternary ice ages Godfrey Hewitt School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ Global climate has fluctuated greatly during the past three million years, leading to the recent major ice ages. An inescapable consequence for most living organisms is great changes in their distribution, which are expressed differently in boreal, temperate and tropical zones. Such range changes can be expected to have genetic consequences, and the advent of DNA technology provides most suitable markers to examine these. Several good data sets are now available, which provide tests of expectations, insights into species colonization and unexpected genetic subdivision and mixture of species. The genetic structure of human populations may be viewed in the same context. The present genetic structure of populations, species and communities has been mainly formed by Quaternary ice ages, and genetic, fossil and physical data combined can greatly help our understanding of how organisms were so affected. The study of palaeoclimates is a particularly active research field that These severe climatic oscillations produced great changes in species is producing much data and increasingly coherent explanations. distributions, and these have been described in some detail, particularly The Earth’s climate became cooler through the Tertiary (65 million from the fossil records of pollen and beetles in Europe and North years (Myr)) with frequent oscillations that increased in amplitude America1,9. Species went extinct over large parts of their range, some and lead to the series of major ice ages of the Quaternary (2.4 Myr to dispersed to new locations, some survived in refugia and then the present).
    [Show full text]
  • Flora of the Carolinas, Virginia, and Georgia, Working Draft of 17 March 2004 -- BIBLIOGRAPHY
    Flora of the Carolinas, Virginia, and Georgia, Working Draft of 17 March 2004 -- BIBLIOGRAPHY BIBLIOGRAPHY Ackerfield, J., and J. Wen. 2002. A morphometric analysis of Hedera L. (the ivy genus, Araliaceae) and its taxonomic implications. Adansonia 24: 197-212. Adams, P. 1961. Observations on the Sagittaria subulata complex. Rhodora 63: 247-265. Adams, R.M. II, and W.J. Dress. 1982. Nodding Lilium species of eastern North America (Liliaceae). Baileya 21: 165-188. Adams, R.P. 1986. Geographic variation in Juniperus silicicola and J. virginiana of the Southeastern United States: multivariant analyses of morphology and terpenoids. Taxon 35: 31-75. ------. 1995. Revisionary study of Caribbean species of Juniperus (Cupressaceae). Phytologia 78: 134-150. ------, and T. Demeke. 1993. Systematic relationships in Juniperus based on random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs). Taxon 42: 553-571. Adams, W.P. 1957. A revision of the genus Ascyrum (Hypericaceae). Rhodora 59: 73-95. ------. 1962. Studies in the Guttiferae. I. A synopsis of Hypericum section Myriandra. Contr. Gray Herbarium Harv. 182: 1-51. ------, and N.K.B. Robson. 1961. A re-evaluation of the generic status of Ascyrum and Crookea (Guttiferae). Rhodora 63: 10-16. Adams, W.P. 1973. Clusiaceae of the southeastern United States. J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 89: 62-71. Adler, L. 1999. Polygonum perfoliatum (mile-a-minute weed). Chinquapin 7: 4. Aedo, C., J.J. Aldasoro, and C. Navarro. 1998. Taxonomic revision of Geranium sections Batrachioidea and Divaricata (Geraniaceae). Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 85: 594-630. Affolter, J.M. 1985. A monograph of the genus Lilaeopsis (Umbelliferae). Systematic Bot. Monographs 6. Ahles, H.E., and A.E.
    [Show full text]
  • Native Tree Families, Including Large and Small Trees, 1/1/08 in the Southern Blue Ridge Region (Compiled by Rob Messick Using Three Sources Listed Below.)
    Native Tree Families, Including Large and Small Trees, 1/1/08 in the Southern Blue Ridge Region (Compiled by Rob Messick using three sources listed below.) • Total number of tree families listed in the southern Blue Ridge region = 33. • Total number of native large and small tree species listed = 113. (Only 84 according to J. B. & D. L..) There are 94 tree species in more frequently encountered families. There are 19 tree species in less frequently encountered families. • There is 93 % compatibility between Ashe & Ayers (1902), Little (1980), and Swanson (1994). (W. W. Ashe lists 105 tree species in the region in 1902. These are fully compatible with current listings.) ▸means more frequently encountered species. ?? = means a tree species that possibly occurs in the region, though its presence is not clear. More frequently encountered tree families (21): Pine Family Cashew Family Walnut Family Holly Family Birch Family Maple Family Beech Family Horse-chestnut (Buckeye) Family Magnolia Family Linden (Basswood) Family Laurel Family Tupelo-gum Family Witch-hazel Family Dogwood Family Plane-tree (Sycamore) Family Heath Family Rose Family Ebony Family Legume Family Storax (Snowbell) Family Olive Family Less frequently encountered tree families (12): Cypress Family Bladdernut Family Willow Family Buckthorn Family Elm Family Tea Family Mulberry Family Ginseng Family Custard-apple (Annona) Family Sweetleaf Family Rue Family Honeysuckle Family ______________________________________________________________________________ • More Frequently Encountered Tree Families: Pine Family (10): ▸ Fraser fir - Abies fraseri (a.k.a. Balsam) ▸ red spruce - Picea rubens ▸ shortleaf pine - Pinus echinata ▸ table mountain pine - Pinus pungens ▸ pitch pine - Pinus rigida ▸ white pine - Pinus strobus ▸ Virginia pine - Pinus virginiana loblolly pine - Pinus taeda ▸ eastern hemlock - Tsuga canadensis (a.k.a.
    [Show full text]
  • Baja California, Mexico, and a Vegetation Map of Colonet Mesa Alan B
    Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Volume 29 | Issue 1 Article 4 2011 Plants of the Colonet Region, Baja California, Mexico, and a Vegetation Map of Colonet Mesa Alan B. Harper Terra Peninsular, Coronado, California Sula Vanderplank Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, Claremont, California Mark Dodero Recon Environmental Inc., San Diego, California Sergio Mata Terra Peninsular, Coronado, California Jorge Ochoa Long Beach City College, Long Beach, California Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso Part of the Biodiversity Commons, Botany Commons, and the Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons Recommended Citation Harper, Alan B.; Vanderplank, Sula; Dodero, Mark; Mata, Sergio; and Ochoa, Jorge (2011) "Plants of the Colonet Region, Baja California, Mexico, and a Vegetation Map of Colonet Mesa," Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany: Vol. 29: Iss. 1, Article 4. Available at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso/vol29/iss1/4 Aliso, 29(1), pp. 25–42 ’ 2011, Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden PLANTS OF THE COLONET REGION, BAJA CALIFORNIA, MEXICO, AND A VEGETATION MAPOF COLONET MESA ALAN B. HARPER,1 SULA VANDERPLANK,2 MARK DODERO,3 SERGIO MATA,1 AND JORGE OCHOA4 1Terra Peninsular, A.C., PMB 189003, Suite 88, Coronado, California 92178, USA ([email protected]); 2Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, 1500 North College Avenue, Claremont, California 91711, USA; 3Recon Environmental Inc., 1927 Fifth Avenue, San Diego, California 92101, USA; 4Long Beach City College, 1305 East Pacific Coast Highway, Long Beach, California 90806, USA ABSTRACT The Colonet region is located at the southern end of the California Floristic Province, in an area known to have the highest plant diversity in Baja California.
    [Show full text]
  • Hippocastanaceae Yellow Buckeye
    Aesculus octandra Family: Hippocastanaceae Yellow Buckeye The genus Aesculus contains 13 species, which grow in the United States [6], Mexico [1] and Eurasia [6]. Species cannot be separated based on microanatomy. The name aesculus is a Latin name of a European oak or other mast-bearing tree. Aesculus californica-California buckeye, horsechestnut Aesculus glabra*-American horsechestnut, buckeye, fetid buckeye, Ohio buckeye, sevenleaf buckeye, smooth buckeye, sticking buckeye, stinking buckeye, Texas buckeye, white buckeye Aesculus glabra var. glabra-Ohio buckeye (typical) Aesculus glabra var. arguta-Texas buckeye, white buckeye Aesculus hippocastanum-buckeye, common horsechestnut, conker-tree, European horsechestnut, horse chestnut (Europe) Aesculus octandra*-big buckeye, buckeye, large buckeye, Ohio buckeye, sweet buckeye, yellow buckeye Aesculus parviflora-bottlebrush buckeye, shrubby buckeye Aesculus pavia-buckeye, firecracker plant, red buckeye, red-flowered buckeye, red pavia, scarlet buckeye, woolly, woolly buckeye Aesculus sylvatica-dwarf buckeye, Georgia buckeye, painted buckeye *commercial species Distribution In the United States, buckeye ranges from the Appalachians of Pennsylvania, Virginia, and North Carolina westward to Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas. Buckeye is not customarily separated from other species when manufactured into lumber and can be utilized for the same purposes as aspen, basswood, and sap yellow- poplar. The following description is for yellow buckeye (Aesculus octandra). The Tree Buckeye is a tree 30 to 70 ft (9 to 21 m) high and 2 ft (0.6 m) in diameter. It grows best in rich moist soil along the banks of streams and in river bottoms. Buckeye matures in 60 to 80 years. It is one of the initial trees to leaf-out in the spring.
    [Show full text]
  • Biological Evaluation of Proposed, Threatened, Endangered and Sensitive Species
    Biological Evaluation of Proposed, Threatened, Endangered and Sensitive Species Wildlife Habitat Improvement and Fuels Reduction Project Proposed Action within Winston County, Alabama Responsible Agency: USDA Forest Service National Forests in Alabama William B. Bankhead Ranger District Contact: Deciding Officer: District Ranger Glen D. Gaines Biological Evaluation Preparer: Biological Scientist Allison Cochran PO Box 278 Double Springs, Alabama 35553 Telephone 205-489-5111 FAX 205-489-3427 E-mail [email protected] [email protected] Type of Document Categorical Exclusion – BE Summary The proposed project will reduce midstory and understory trees and shrubs in two sites, totaling approximately 47 acres, noted on the attached maps. The project sites are located in the Black Pond and Hickory Grove communities. They are found in Forest Service management compartments 163 and 19. The sites proposed for treatment are loblolly pine stands. They were thinned in 2005 and 2006, respectively. Selected vegetation between 1 inch and 6 inches DBH will be removed in upland pine- dominant habitat. In compartment 163, the result will be an open pine stand with reduced fuel loading and advanced hardwood regeneration. In compartment 19, the result will be an open pine stand with reduced fuel loading. The result will allow for restoration and maintenance of native forest communities, including upland oak-hickory forest in compartment 163 and fire dependent pine woodlands in compartment 19. The purpose and need for the project is to improve wildlife habitat, improve conditions for native upland plants, restore and maintain native forest communities, and to decrease the risk of catastrophic wildfires by reducing fuels.
    [Show full text]