DOCSLIB.ORG

Arctic Biodiversity Assessment

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Arctic Biodiversity Assessment 566 Arctic Biodiversity Assessment The lesser snow goose Chen c. caerulescens shows an approximate east-west cline in their Nearctic breeding distribution in frequency of pale or dark morphs, with blue morphs most common in the east. Although studies of fitness components failed to uncover any adaptive advantage associated with either morph, geese show strong mating preference based on the color of their parents, leading to assortative mating. Queen Maud Gulf Bird Sanctuary, Nunavut, Canada. Photo: Gustaf Samelius. 567 Chapter 17 Genetics Lead Author Joseph A. Cook Contributing Authors Christian Brochmann, Sandra L. Talbot, Vadim B. Fedorov, Eric B. Taylor, Risto Väinölä, Eric P. Hoberg, Marina Kholodova, Kristinn P. Magnusson and Tero Mustonen Contents Summary ..............................................................568 17.5. Recommendations and conservation measures ������������������582 17.1. Introduction .....................................................568 17.5.1. Call for immediate development of freely available, specimen-based archives ...................................582 17.2. Systematics, phylogenetics and phylogeography ................569 17.5.1.1. Build European, Asian and North American 17.2.1. Systematics ................................................569 tissue archives .....................................582 17.2.1.1. Phylogenetics and taxonomy �����������������������569 17.5.2. Expand biodiversity informatics ............................582 17.2.1.2. Systematics and phylogenetics in Arctic species ....569 17.5.2.1. Connect GenBank, EMBL and DDJB to Archives .....582 17.2.2. Phylogeography – setting the stage for interpreting 17.5.2.2. Connect GenBank (Genomics) to GIS applications ..583 changing environmental conditions ........................571 17.5.2.3. Stimulate emerging pathogen investigations 17.2.2.1. Influence of dynamic climates on structuring through integrated inventories ���������������������583 Arctic diversity .....................................571 17.5.2.4. Develop educational interfaces and portals for 17.2.2.2. Contact between divergent populations Arctic databases ...................................583 or species ..........................................571 17.5.3. Identify, survey and monitor genes that influence fitness ....583 17.2.2.3. Comparisons across species – influence of episodic 17.5.4. Monitor response to climate change (neutral and expansion and isolation on structuring diversity ...572 functional variation) ........................................583 17.3. Contemporary processes .........................................577 17.5.5. Management and forensic applications ....................584 17.3.1. Demography ...............................................577 17.5.5.1. Ensure rigorous identification ����������������������584 17.3.1.1. Population fluctuation .............................577 17.5.5.2. Provide framework for assisted colonization or 17.3.1.2. Effective population size (homozygosity and genetic restoration ................................584 heterozygosity) ....................................577 17.6. Conclusions .....................................................584 17.3.2. Peripheral populations .....................................577 Acknowledgements ....................................................585 17.3.3. Isolation and endemism ...................................577 17.3.4. Tracking the invasion of species ............................579 References .............................................................585 17.3.5. Identifying emerging pathogens ...........................580 17.3.6. Threatened and endangered species, ESUs and MUs ........580 17.4. Advances in technology and analytical methods ����������������580 17.4.1. New technology ...........................................580 17.4.2. New theory and analytical approaches .....................581 Knowledge exists, we live it. But I do not think about » that ever. It is just there. We still follow the old ways. Naturally. This is our way. Isak Påve, a Saami reindeer herder from northern Sweden; Hiltunen & Huovari (2004). 568 Arctic Biodiversity Assessment SUMMARY limited information is available about most essential fac- tors for organisms (e.g. contemporary genetic diversity, The impact of climate warming on Arctic organisms is evolutionary history, modes of reproduction). A coordi- complex, and its interpretation will require a concerted nated investment in biological infrastructure is needed effort. To mitigate the impact of climate-induced per- now (similar to that already in place for monitoring the turbations, an essential first step is to develop an under- physical environment) if we are to apply and realize the standing of how high latitude species and ecosystems powerful insights provided by molecular genetics. were influenced by past episodes of dynamic environ- mental change. One of our best views of past change in Arctic populations is through molecular genetics (e.g. 17.1. INTRODUCTION DNA studies). DNA-based views provide a basis for fore- casting how biomes and individual species will respond in Maintaining genetic variation in wild populations of Arctic the future and thus are a key component of an advanced organisms is fundamental to the long-term persistence of early-warning system for natural environments of the high latitude biodiversity. Variability is important because Arctic. it provides options for species to respond to changing environmental conditions and novel challenges such as Species typically adapt to new conditions or shift into emerging pathogens or invasive species. As individual spe- new areas, but a number of Arctic species are now ex- cies decline in abundance and their geographic distribu- periencing a reduction in their distributions, abundance tions shrink, genetic variability is also often eroded. It and ability to exchange individuals among populations. is important to realize that we have not yet developed a Molecular genetic approaches are used in a wide range basic understanding of how genetic variability is parti- of studies to provide comprehensive assessments of how tioned across space or time in the Arctic. Furthermore, species interact with their environments. Important in- we lack information on how genetic variation, and the sights have been gained related to the conservation status related concept of evolutionary potential, is generated and of high latitude species of concern, but because Arctic maintained for most Arctic organisms, whether free-living environments are remote and difficult to access, only or parasitic. Fortunately, new technologies and analyti- Figure 17.1. An Arctic Observatory showing the centrality of a natural history museum to multiple research, teaching, management, policy and outreach initiatives in the Arctic. Of particular importance for molecular genetic analyses is the availability of an archival repository of biotic samples that allow a rapid and rigorous response to emerging natural resource questions. Critical science in several fields related to Arctic biodiversity is now based on molecular genetic approaches and depends on temporally deep and spatially extensive archives for many organisms. Through the development of databases for these archives that are now accessible via the internet, the specimens become central to attempts to connect research to policy and the general public. Policy initiatives Public Other webtools & databases Universities, Critical science is based (e.g. BOLD, GenBank, GoogleEarth, on molecular genetics Conservation other museums GBIF, Encyclopedia of Life) of Arctic & archives Conservation biology Flora and Fauna • Population status & structure • Abundance • Bottlenecks Sample providers Natural History Museum Long-term Specimen databases (WWW) Ecology environmental • Distribution research stations • Migration Teaching & research, • Dispersal and breeding behavior Pathogen Spatial and temporal perspectives identication & Emerging pathogen detection monitoring • Environmental change • Systematics & population biology • Identication • Monitoring Protected lands • Evolutionary genomics • Health and economic dimensions • Host switching inventory • Range expansion & monitor Evolution Frozen samples of Resource managers • Response to past climate change Arctic fauna & ora • Hybridization Management & research • Historical demography • Parks & protected areas • Forestry services • Fish & wildlife protection Regional & local commissions • Fish and game managers A molecular approach Specimens & samples Indigenous peoples to Arctic observatories Specimen data and project metadata Chapter 17 • Genetics 569 cal approaches now afford the possibility of much more covering, categorizing and interpreting biological diversi- comprehensive and refined views of genetic variation, ty. Without this map it is impossible to even ask pertinent but realizing the potential of these new approaches will questions related to change in Arctic environments. Aside foremost require a renewed effort to inventory and rigor- from the more ‘charismatic’ species, our knowledge of ously document Arctic diversity at all levels (Fig. 17.1). the systematics of the vast majority of Arctic organisms A revitalized effort to explore diversity will provide the remains poor. We emphasize two particular aspects of foundation necessary for a variety of theoretical and ap- systematics that are closely interlinked, phylogeny (evo- plied endeavors, ranging from uncovering the history of lutionary relationships) and
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Molecular and Functional Evolution of Hemoglobin in Perissodactyl
    Molecular and functional evolution of hemoglobin in perissodactyl mammals (equids, tapirs, and rhinos) by Margaret Clapin A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies of the University of Manitoba in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Department of Biological Sciences University of Manitoba Winnipeg, Manitoba Canada © 2019 Abstract: In this thesis, the oxygen binding characteristics of recombinant hemoglobin (Hb) isoforms (HbA [α2β2] and HbA2 [α2δ2]) from the extinct woolly rhinoceros (Coelodonta antiquitatis) are compared with Sumatran rhino (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis) and black rhino (Diceros bicornis) Hb. The major Hb component (HbA) of horses (Equus caballus) was also examined, as its blood O2 affinity has a low thermal sensitivity. This trait is commonly associated with cold-adaptation as it permits O2 to be offloaded at the cool peripheral tissues of regionally endothermic mammals, though the mechanism(s) by which the oxygenation enthalpy is reduced in horse Hb is unknown. It was hypothesized that the woolly rhino Hb isoforms would have similarly low thermal sensitivities to that of horses, either through enhanced effector binding or by altering the energetic transition from the tense to the relaxed state of hemoglobin. To test this hypothesis the hemoglobin coding sequences for each of the above species were determined and their Hb isoforms expressed using E. coli and purified. Oxygen equilibrium curves were then determined in the presence and absence of allosteric effectors at 25 and 37°C. Horse HbA had a low sensitivity to 2,3- diphosphoglycerate (DPG), though its low temperature sensitivity was primarily driven by increased DPG binding at the lower test temperature.
    [Show full text]
  • Zootaxa: Crangonyx Islandicus Sp. Nov., a Subterranean Freshwater
    Zootaxa 1365: 1–17 (2006) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ ZOOTAXA 1365 Copyright © 2006 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) Crangonyx islandicus sp. nov., a subterranean freshwater amphipod (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Crangonyctidae) from springs in lava fields in Iceland JÖ R U N D U R S VAVA R S SO N 1 & BJARNI K. KRISTJÁNSSON2 1Institute of Biology, University of Iceland, Askja-Natural Science Building, Sturlugata 7, 101 Reykjavík, Ice- land. E-mail: [email protected] 2Holar University College, 551 Skagafjörður, Iceland. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Crangonyx islandicus sp. nov. (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Crangonyctidae) is described from Iceland. This is the second species of freshwater, subterranean, gammaridean amphipods found in Iceland and the first species of the family Crangonyctidae. Crangonyx islandicus sp. nov. can be distinguished from other species of the genus Crangonyx by combination of the following characters: the number of spines on the outer and inner lobes of the maxillipedal palp, the presence of a spine at the base of the unguis of the dactylus of gnathopods 1 and 2, stout and short uropod 3, and by a short and wide telson. The species was recorded in South, Southwest, West and Northeast Iceland from numerous springs emerging from relatively young (<10 000 years), porous lavas. The species has apparently survived Pliocene and Pleistocene glaciations in groundwater of porous lava fields and may have persisted in Iceland for several million years. Key words: Amphipoda, Crangonyx, Crangonyctidae, Crangonyctoidea, Iceland, glaciations, subterranean, groundwater, subarctic Introduction Subterranean waters hold a variety of organisms of most animal phyla (see Botosaneanu 1986).
    [Show full text]
  • Ancient Metaproteomics: a Novel Approach for Understanding Disease And
    Ancient metaproteomics: a novel approach for understanding disease and diet in the archaeological record Jessica Hendy PhD University of York Archaeology August, 2015 ii Abstract Proteomics is increasingly being applied to archaeological samples following technological developments in mass spectrometry. This thesis explores how these developments may contribute to the characterisation of disease and diet in the archaeological record. This thesis has a three-fold aim; a) to evaluate the potential of shotgun proteomics as a method for characterising ancient disease, b) to develop the metaproteomic analysis of dental calculus as a tool for understanding both ancient oral health and patterns of individual food consumption and c) to apply these methodological developments to understanding individual lifeways of people enslaved during the 19th century transatlantic slave trade. This thesis demonstrates that ancient metaproteomics can be a powerful tool for identifying microorganisms in the archaeological record, characterising the functional profile of ancient proteomes and accessing individual patterns of food consumption with high taxonomic specificity. In particular, analysis of dental calculus may be an extremely valuable tool for understanding the aetiology of past oral diseases. Results of this study highlight the value of revisiting previous studies with more recent methodological approaches and demonstrate that biomolecular preservation can have a significant impact on the effectiveness of ancient proteins as an archaeological tool for this characterisation. Using the approaches developed in this study we have the opportunity to increase the visibility of past diseases and their aetiology, as well as develop a richer understanding of individual lifeways through the production of molecular life histories. iii iv List of Contents Abstract ...............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Timeline of the Evolutionary History of Life
    Timeline of the evolutionary history of life This timeline of the evolutionary history of life represents the current scientific theory Life timeline Ice Ages outlining the major events during the 0 — Primates Quater nary Flowers ←Earliest apes development of life on planet Earth. In P Birds h Mammals – Plants Dinosaurs biology, evolution is any change across Karo o a n ← Andean Tetrapoda successive generations in the heritable -50 0 — e Arthropods Molluscs r ←Cambrian explosion characteristics of biological populations. o ← Cryoge nian Ediacara biota – z ← Evolutionary processes give rise to diversity o Earliest animals ←Earliest plants at every level of biological organization, i Multicellular -1000 — c from kingdoms to species, and individual life ←Sexual reproduction organisms and molecules, such as DNA and – P proteins. The similarities between all present r -1500 — o day organisms indicate the presence of a t – e common ancestor from which all known r Eukaryotes o species, living and extinct, have diverged -2000 — z o through the process of evolution. More than i Huron ian – c 99 percent of all species, amounting to over ←Oxygen crisis [1] five billion species, that ever lived on -2500 — ←Atmospheric oxygen Earth are estimated to be extinct.[2][3] Estimates on the number of Earth's current – Photosynthesis Pong ola species range from 10 million to 14 -3000 — A million,[4] of which about 1.2 million have r c been documented and over 86 percent have – h [5] e not yet been described. However, a May a -3500 — n ←Earliest oxygen 2016
    [Show full text]
  • Nuclear DNA Analyses in Genetic Studies of Populations: Practice, Problems and Prospects
    Molecular Ecology (2003) 12, 563–584 INVITEDBlackwell Publishing Ltd. REVIEW Nuclear DNA analyses in genetic studies of populations: practice, problems and prospects DE-XING ZHANG* and GODFREY M. HEWITT† *State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Zhongguancun Road, Beijing 100080, PR China, †School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK Abstract Population-genetic studies have been remarkably productive and successful in the last dec- ade following the invention of PCR technology and the introduction of mitochondrial and microsatellite DNA markers. While mitochondrial DNA has proven powerful for genea- logical and evolutionary studies of animal populations, and microsatellite sequences are the most revealing DNA markers available so far for inferring population structure and dynamics, they both have important and unavoidable limitations. To obtain a fuller picture of the history and evolutionary potential of populations, genealogical data from nuclear loci are essential, and the inclusion of other nuclear markers, i.e. single copy nuclear poly- morphic (scnp) sequences, is clearly needed. Four major uncertainties for nuclear DNA analyses of populations have been facing us, i.e. the availability of scnp markers for carry- ing out such analysis, technical laboratory hurdles for resolving haplotypes, difficulty in data analysis because of recombination, low divergence levels and intraspecific multi- furcation evolution, and the utility of scnp markers for addressing population-genetic ques- tions. In this review, we discuss the availability of highly polymorphic single copy DNA in the nuclear genome, describe patterns and rate of evolution of nuclear sequences, sum- marize past empirical and theoretical efforts to recover and analyse data from scnp markers, and examine the difficulties, challenges and opportunities faced in such studies.
    [Show full text]
  • Migration: on the Move in Alaska
    National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Alaska Park Science Alaska Region Migration: On the Move in Alaska Volume 17, Issue 1 Alaska Park Science Volume 17, Issue 1 June 2018 Editorial Board: Leigh Welling Jim Lawler Jason J. Taylor Jennifer Pederson Weinberger Guest Editor: Laura Phillips Managing Editor: Nina Chambers Contributing Editor: Stacia Backensto Design: Nina Chambers Contact Alaska Park Science at: [email protected] Alaska Park Science is the semi-annual science journal of the National Park Service Alaska Region. Each issue highlights research and scholarship important to the stewardship of Alaska’s parks. Publication in Alaska Park Science does not signify that the contents reflect the views or policies of the National Park Service, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute National Park Service endorsement or recommendation. Alaska Park Science is found online at: www.nps.gov/subjects/alaskaparkscience/index.htm Table of Contents Migration: On the Move in Alaska ...............1 Future Challenges for Salmon and the Statewide Movements of Non-territorial Freshwater Ecosystems of Southeast Alaska Golden Eagles in Alaska During the A Survey of Human Migration in Alaska's .......................................................................41 Breeding Season: Information for National Parks through Time .......................5 Developing Effective Conservation Plans ..65 History, Purpose, and Status of Caribou Duck-billed Dinosaurs (Hadrosauridae), Movements in Northwest
    [Show full text]
  • Investigating Sexual Dimorphism in Ceratopsid Horncores
    University of Calgary PRISM: University of Calgary's Digital Repository Graduate Studies The Vault: Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2013-01-25 Investigating Sexual Dimorphism in Ceratopsid Horncores Borkovic, Benjamin Borkovic, B. (2013). Investigating Sexual Dimorphism in Ceratopsid Horncores (Unpublished master's thesis). University of Calgary, Calgary, AB. doi:10.11575/PRISM/26635 http://hdl.handle.net/11023/498 master thesis University of Calgary graduate students retain copyright ownership and moral rights for their thesis. You may use this material in any way that is permitted by the Copyright Act or through licensing that has been assigned to the document. For uses that are not allowable under copyright legislation or licensing, you are required to seek permission. Downloaded from PRISM: https://prism.ucalgary.ca UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY Investigating Sexual Dimorphism in Ceratopsid Horncores by Benjamin Borkovic A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES CALGARY, ALBERTA JANUARY, 2013 © Benjamin Borkovic 2013 Abstract Evidence for sexual dimorphism was investigated in the horncores of two ceratopsid dinosaurs, Triceratops and Centrosaurus apertus. A review of studies of sexual dimorphism in the vertebrate fossil record revealed methods that were selected for use in ceratopsids. Mountain goats, bison, and pronghorn were selected as exemplar taxa for a proof of principle study that tested the selected methods, and informed and guided the investigation of sexual dimorphism in dinosaurs. Skulls of these exemplar taxa were measured in museum collections, and methods of analysing morphological variation were tested for their ability to demonstrate sexual dimorphism in their horns and horncores.
    [Show full text]
  • Captive Breeding of Mammals - Marco Masseti
    BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION AND HABITAT MANAGEMENT – Vol. II – Captive Breeding of Mammals - Marco Masseti CAPTIVE BREEDING OF MAMMALS Marco Masseti Dipartimento di Biologia Animale e Genetica, Laboratori di Antropologia, Università di Firenze, Firenze, Italy Keywords: captive breeding, domestic mammals, threatened wild mammals, zoological gardens, arks, museums. Contents 1. Introduction 2. Captive breeding of mammals. The domestic species. 3. Selective breeding 4. Captive breeding of non-domestic species as a conservation strategy. 5. Captive breeding of threatened species 6. Captive breeding of threatened micromammals 7. Captive breeding and reintroduction of carnivores 8. Case studies 8.1 The Arabian Oryx Programme 8.2 The Case Of The Fallow Deer 9. Perspectives Bibliography Biographical Sketch 1. Introduction Mammals are currently among the main victims of human depredations on the environment. A huge amount of species and subspecies have disappeared to date, revealing human exploitation of natural resources as a long lasting process beginning in prehistorical periods and lasting until historical times. In the late Pleistocene, for example, the modern mammalian fauna assemblages of the Western Palaearctic Region were already defined. They would have yet comprised the totality of the species still surviving today, if some extinctions had not mainly affected large terrestrial mammals between 15.000UNESCO and 10.000 years BP, such –as the EOLSS mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius Blumenbach, 1803), the cave bear (Ursus spelaeus Rosenmuller & Heinroth, 1794), the woolly rhinoceros (Coelodonta antiquitatis Blumenbach, 1803), the giant deer (Megaloceros giganteus Berckhemer, 1910), and others. All these extinctions were without replacementSAMPLE by ecologically similar species:CHAPTERS for large mammals - i.e. species exceeding about 40 kg mean adult body weight - it has been estimated that Europe lost approximately 7 out of 24 genera (i.e.
    [Show full text]
  • The Genetic Legacy of the Quaternary Ice Ages
    review article The genetic legacy of the Quaternary ice ages Godfrey Hewitt School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ Global climate has fluctuated greatly during the past three million years, leading to the recent major ice ages. An inescapable consequence for most living organisms is great changes in their distribution, which are expressed differently in boreal, temperate and tropical zones. Such range changes can be expected to have genetic consequences, and the advent of DNA technology provides most suitable markers to examine these. Several good data sets are now available, which provide tests of expectations, insights into species colonization and unexpected genetic subdivision and mixture of species. The genetic structure of human populations may be viewed in the same context. The present genetic structure of populations, species and communities has been mainly formed by Quaternary ice ages, and genetic, fossil and physical data combined can greatly help our understanding of how organisms were so affected. The study of palaeoclimates is a particularly active research field that These severe climatic oscillations produced great changes in species is producing much data and increasingly coherent explanations. distributions, and these have been described in some detail, particularly The Earth’s climate became cooler through the Tertiary (65 million from the fossil records of pollen and beetles in Europe and North years (Myr)) with frequent oscillations that increased in amplitude America1,9. Species went extinct over large parts of their range, some and lead to the series of major ice ages of the Quaternary (2.4 Myr to dispersed to new locations, some survived in refugia and then the present).
    [Show full text]
  • The Rhinoceroses from Neumark-Nord and Their Nutrition
    During the Pleistocene, there were three main groups of Im Pleistozän traten drei Hauptgruppen von Nashörnern auf, rhinoceroses, each of them in a different part of the Old jede in einem anderen Teil der Alten Welt: die afrikanische World: the African lineage leads to the modern square- Linie führt zu den heutigen Breitmaul- und Spitzmaulnashör- lipped rhinoceros and black rhinoceros, the Asian group nern, die asiatische Gruppe umfasst das Panzer-, das Suma- includes the great one-horned rhinoceros, the Sumatra tra- und das Javanashorn sowie ihre Vorfahren. Zur dritten rhinoceros and the Java rhinoceros as well as their ances- Gruppe, die im späten Pleistozän ausstarb, gehören Coelo- tors. The third group, which became extinct in the Late donta und Stephanorhinus. Das Wollhaarnashorn (Coelodonta Pleistocene, includes Coelodonta and Stephanorhinus. The antiquitatis) trat in Europa zum ersten Mal während der woolly rhinoceros (Coelodonta antiquitatis) appeared in Elsterkaltzeit auf. Stephanorhinus kirchbergensis, das Wald- Europe for the first time during the Elsterian cold period. nashorn, ist auf die Interglaziale beschränkt und wanderte Stephanorhinus kirchbergensis, the forest rhinoceros, is lim- wahrscheinlich nach jeder Kaltzeit erneut von Asien aus ein. ited to the interglacial periods and probably dispersed again Das Steppennashorn (Stephanorhinus hemitoechus) ist wie- and again after each cold period from Asia into Europe. The derum in Europa seit 450 000 Jahren heimisch. In Neumark- steppe rhinoceros (Stephanorhinus hemitoechus) again has Nord konnten diese drei Nashörner zusammen nachgewiesen been present in Europe for 450,000 years. All three types werden, was umso bemerkenswerter ist, weil das Wollhaar- of rhinoceros together could be documented in Neumark- nashorn im Allgemeinen als Vertreter der Glazialfaunen gilt.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Species of the Genus Pseudocrangonyx (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Pseudocrangonyctidae) from Korea
    A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 735: 27–44 (2018) New Pseudocrangonyx from Korea 27 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.735.21697 RESEARCH ARTICLE http://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research A new species of the genus Pseudocrangonyx (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Pseudocrangonyctidae) from Korea Chi-Woo Lee1,*, Ko Tomikawa2,*, Takafumi Nakano2,3, Gi-Sik Min1 1 Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon 22212, South Korea 2 Department of Science Edu- cation, Graduate School of Education, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima 739-8524, Japan 3 Present ad- dress: Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan Corresponding author: Gi-Sik Min ([email protected]) Academic editor: A. Myers | Received 17 October 2017 | Accepted 22 January 2018 | Published 6 February 2018 http://zoobank.org/502338A6-6CF7-4D4E-9B54-8B3615053149 Citation: Lee C-W, Tomikawa K, Nakano T, Min G-S (2018) A new species of the genus Pseudocrangonyx (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Pseudocrangonyctidae) from Korea. ZooKeys 735: 27–44. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.735.21697 Abstract A new subterranean species of pseudocrangonyctid amphipod, Pseudocrangonyx daejeonensis sp. n. is de- scribed from the interstitial waters in Daejeon, Korea. Pseudocrangonyx daejeonensis sp. n. is distinguished from three morphologically similar congeners, P. coreanus Uéno, 1966, P. febras Sidorov, 2009, and P. gudariensis Tomikawa & Sato, 2016, by the characteristics of antenna 1, antenna 2, mandible, gnathopod 2, pleopods, uropods 1–2, and telson. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on nuclear 28S rRNA and histone H3, and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and 16S rRNA genes revealed that P. dae- jeonensis is a sister species of the unnamed Pseudocrangonyx sp.
    [Show full text]
  • Updates to the Sporadic Knowledge On
    A peer-reviewed open-access journal SubterraneanUpdates Biology to 33:the 71–85 sporadic (2020) knowledge on microsporidian infections in groundwater amphipods 71 doi: 10.3897/subtbiol.33.48633 RESEARCH ARTICLE Subterranean Published by http://subtbiol.pensoft.net The International Society Biology for Subterranean Biology Updates to the sporadic knowledge on microsporidian infections in groundwater amphipods (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Niphargidae) Daniel Grabner1, Dieter Weber2, Alexander M. Weigand3 1 University of Duisburg-Essen, Aquatic Ecology and Centre for Water and Environmental Research, Univer- sitätsstr. 5, 45141 Essen, Germany 2 Université Libre de Bruxelles, Evolutionary Biology & Ecology group, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium 3 Musée National d'Histoire Naturelle Luxembourg, 25 Rue Munster, 2160 Luxembourg, Luxembourg Corresponding author: Alexander M. Weigand ([email protected]) Academic editor: O. T. Moldovan | Received 20 November 2019 | Accepted 20 January 2020 | Published 13 February 2020 http://zoobank.org/78CFBE17-0918-455A-8813-C92324DBFCFE Citation: Grabner D, Weber D, Weigand AM (2020) Updates to the sporadic knowledge on microsporidian infections in groundwater amphipods (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Niphargidae). Subterranean Biology 33: 71–85. https://doi. org/10.3897/subtbiol.33.48633 Abstract A set of 69 specimens from 19 groundwater species of the genera Niphargus, Niphargellus, Microniphargus and Crangonyx was genetically screened for microsporidian infections. Samples mostly originated from groundwater-dependent spring environments (71%), natural caves (9%) and artificial caverns/tunnels (13%). Amphipod hosts were identified by morphology and/or molecular data, whereas microsporidian parasites were characterised by a genetic screening assay targeting a section of the small subunit rRNA gene. Five microsporidian species (Dictyocoela duebenum; Nosema sp.; Hyperspora aquatica and two unde- scribed Microsporidium spp.) were revealed from 13 host specimens (Niphargus schellenbergi; N.
    [Show full text]