DOCSLIB.ORG

Preliminary Checklist of the Terrestrial Flora and Fauna of Fern Cave

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Preliminary Checklist of the Terrestrial Flora and Fauna of Fern Cave Preliminary Checklist of the Terrestrial Flora and Fauna of Fern Cave National Wildlife Refuge ______________________________________________ Prepared for: United States Fish & Wildlife Service Prepared by: J. Kevin England, MAT David Richardson, MS Completed: as of 22 Sep 2019 All rights reserved. Phone: 256-565-4933 Email: [email protected] Flora & Fauna of FCNWR2 ABSTRACT I.) Total Biodiversity Data The main objective of this study was to inventory and document the total biodiversity of terrestrial habitats located at Fern Cave National Wildlife Refuge (FCNWR). Table 1. Total Biodiversity of Fern Cave National Wildlife Refuge, Jackson Co., AL, USA Level of Classification Families Genera Species Lichens and Allied Fungi 14 21 28 Bryophytes (Bryophyta, Anthocerotophyta, Marchantiophyta) 7 9 9 Vascular Plants (Tracheophytes) 76 138 176 Insects (Class Insecta) 9 9 9 Centipedes (Class Chilopoda) 1 1 1 Millipedes (Class Diplopoda) 2 3 3 Amphibians (Class Amphibia) 3 4 5 Reptiles (Class Reptilia) 2 3 3 Birds (Class Aves) 1 1 1 Mammals (Class Mammalia) 2 2 2 Total 117 191 237 II. Vascular Flora (Appendix 3) Methods and Materials To compile a thorough vascular flora survey, several examples of different plant communities at numerous sites were visited and sampled during the study. Approximately 45 minutes was spent documenting community structure at each site. Lastly, all habitats, ecological systems, and plant associations found within the property boundaries were defined based on floristic content, soil characteristics (soil maps) and other abiotic factors. Flora & Fauna of FCNWR3 The most commonly used texts for specimen identification in this study were Flora of North America (1993+), Mohr (1901), Radford et al. (1968), Short and Spaulding (2012) and Weakley (2015). Determinations were reinforced by consulting specimens from the UWAL herbarium and hb. J.K. England. Nomenclature of identifications generally follows Flora of North America (1993+) and Weakley (2016). Vascular Flora Results and Discussion During the current study, a total of 176 unique taxa classified in 138 genera, and 76 families were documented to occur on the property (Table 2) (Appendix 3). The six largest families within the flora were Asteraceae (21 taxa), Poaceae (13 taxa), Cyperaceae (10 taxa), Fabaceae (7 taxa), Fagaceae (6 taxa), and Juglandaceae (6 taxa) (Fig. 1). These six families comprise 35.39 percent of the flora. The seven largest genera within the flora were Carex (9 taxa), Quercus (6 taxa), Carya (5 taxa), Acer (4 taxa), Asplenium (4 taxa), Solidago (3 taxa), and Ulmus (3 taxa) (Fig. 2). These seven genera comprise approximately 19.10 percent of the flora. Approximately 3.98 percent of the flora is considered non-native to Jackson County, Alabama (Table 3). Non-native taxa were commonly found in throughout FCNWR. Five sensitive taxa were encountered on the property (ANHP 2017) (Table 4). County records encountered on the Refuge only accounted for 0.57 percent of the flora (Table 5). This lower number of county records was primarily due the thesis work by Brodeur (1999) and frequent collections by other botanist. Herbaceous taxa were the typical growth habit encountered which accounted for 54.49 percent of the flora (Table 6). Flora & Fauna of FCNWR4 Table 2. Vascular Floristics of Fern Cave National Wildlife Refuge, Jackson Co., AL, USA Level of Classification Families Genera Species Lycopodiophyta (Clubmosses) 0 0 0 Monilophyta (Ferns) 8 10 13 Acrogymnospermae (Extant Gymnosperms) 1 1 1 Magnoliids & Primitive Angiosperms 4 9 10 Monocotyledonae (Monocots) 9 18 31 Eudicotyledonae (Eudicots) 54 100 121 Total 76 138 176 Table 3. Comparison of Non-Native Taxa of the Vascular Plants of the Fern Cave National Wildlife Refuge, Jackson Co., AL, USA Level of Classification Non-Native % of Flora Lycopodiophyta (Clubmosses) 0 0.00% Monilophyta (Ferns) 0 0.00% Acrogymnospermae (Extant Gymnosperms) 0 0.00% Magnoliids & Primitive Angiosperms 0 0.00% Monocotyledonae (Monocots) 1 0.57% Eudicotyledonae (Eudicots) 6 3.41% Total 7 3.98% Table 4. Sensitive Vascular Plant Taxa of the flora of Fern Cave National Wildlife Refuge, Jackson Co., AL, USA State Global Federal Scientific Name Vernacular Name Rank Rank Status Asplenium American Hart's Tongue S1 G4T3 Threatened scolopendrium* Fern Cladrastis kentukea Kentucky Yellow Wood S3 G4 — Cotinus obovata American Smoketree S2 G4 — Jeffersonia diphylla Twinleaf S2 G5 — Oxalis grandis Great Wood Sorrel S1 G4/G5 — *Extirpated Flora & Fauna of FCNWR5 Table 5. Comparison of County Records Collected During the Vascular Plants of the Fern Cave National Wildlife Refuge, Jackson Co., AL, USA Level of Classification Non-Native % of Flora Lycopodiophyta (Clubmosses) 0 0.00% Monilophyta (Ferns) 0 0.00% Acrogymnospermae (Extant Gymnosperms) 0 0.00% Magnoliids & Primitive Angiosperms 0 0.00% Monocotyledonae (Monocots) 0 0.00% Eudicotyledonae (Eudicots) 1 0.57% Total 1 0.57% Table 6. Comparison of Growth Habits of the Vascular Plants of the Fern Cave National Wildlife Refuge, Jackson Co., AL, USA Growth Habit Abbrv. # of Taxa % of Flora Herbaceous H 97 54.49% Tree T 50 28.09% Vine V 16 8.99% Shrub S 15 8.43% Total 178 100.00% Flora & Fauna of FCNWR6 25 14.00% 12.00% 20 10.00% 15 8.00% 6.00% 10 4.00% 5 2.00% 0 0.00% Number of Taxa Percent of Flora Figure 1. Size comparison of major plant families of the Vascular Flora of the Fern Cave National Wildlife Refuge, Jackson Co., AL, USA 10 6.00% 9 5.00% 8 7 4.00% 6 5 3.00% 4 2.00% 3 2 1.00% 1 0 0.00% Carex Quercus Carya Acer Asplenium Solidago Ulmus Number of Taxa Percent of Flora Figure 2. Size comparison of major plant genera of the Vascular Flora of the Fern Cave National Wildlife Refuge, Jackson Co., AL, USA Flora & Fauna of FCNWR7 III. Lichen and Allied Fungi (Appendix 1) Field and Herbarium Studies Collecting trips at FCNWR were also spent gathering lichens according to standard collecting procedures using a hammer, chisel, knife and a hand-held pruner (Brodo et al. 2001). Lichens were placed in folded paper or paper sacks and stored for identification and later processing. Primary literature used for identification included, Brodo (2016), Brodo et al. (2001), Dey (1978), Esslinger (1978), Harris and Ladd (2005), and Lendemer et al. (2013), and standard spot tests (K, C, P) followed Brodo et al. (2001). Chemical compounds in some specimens were also examined using thin layer chromatography following Culberson and Kristinsson (1970) in solvents A, B′, and C. The use of standard dissecting scopes and compound light microscopes along with UV light fluorescence were also employed in identification. In addition to collections made, herbarium records located at AUA and UWAL were searched and a query of the Consortium of North American Lichen Herbaria (CNALH 2019) was also made to obtain additional records previously collected from the FCNWR. Results and Discussion Table 7. Comparison of Growth Habits of the Lichen and Allied Fungi of the Fern Cave National Wildlife Refuge, Jackson Co., AL, USA Growth Habit Abbrv. # of Taxa % of Lichens & Allied Fungi Flora Crustose CR 9 32.14% Foliose FO 15 53.57% Fruticose FR 4 14.29% Total 28 100.00% IV. Fauna (Terrestrial) (Appendix 4) Flora & Fauna of FCNWR8 V. Bryophytes (Bryophyta, Anthocerotophyta, Marchantiophyta) (Appendix 2) VI. Habitats & Plant Communities Many different habitats made up of unique plant communities were encountered within the FCNWR property. Distinct plant habitats documented include disturbed woodlands, wetlands, true aquatic vegetation and ruderal communities. Each habitat is influenced by soil type, topography, moisture levels, and level of human disturbance, and is divided into unique ecological systems. Ecological systems are biological communities found in similar physical environments and influenced by similar ecological processes (Comer et al. 2003). These ecological systems were defined qualitatively during the current study based on distinct plant compositions within a defined habitat. Within each ecological system specific plant community types, or associations, were documented. These associations tend to occur together within areas with similar ecological processes and substrates (Comer et al. 2003). Some of the specific plant associations are considered sensitive by NatureServe (2017). Each habitat, ecological system, and association that could be located is listed below. All rare associations listed below, according to NatureServe (2017), will be designated by the global rankings and a star (). 1. XXXX Flora & Fauna of FCNWR9 APPENDIX Species entry set-up is as follows: Genus species Authority; State/Global/Federal Rankings; Common Name; Growth Habit; {Notes} Specific designations are as follows: County Record (*) (Genus species Authority are all in bold.) State Designations: Rare Species (), Non-native species (‡), Invasive () Growth Habit (Lichens & Allied Fungi): Crustose (CR), Foliose (FO), Fruticose (FR) Growth Habit (vascular plants): Herbaceous (H), Shrub (S), Tree (T), Vine (V) Appendix 1. Lichens and Allied Fungi CALICIACEAE Buellia erubescens Arnold; Black-dot lichen; CR COLLEMATACEAE Enchylium coccophorum (Tuck.) Otálora, P.M. Jørg. & Wedin; Tar-jelly lichen; FO Leptogium austroamericanum (Malme) C.W. Dodge; Dixie jelly lichen; FO Leptogium cyanescens (Rabenh.) Körb.; Blue jelly-skin lichen; FO GRAPHIDACEAE Graphis scripta (L.) Ach.; Common script lichen; CR LECIDEACEAE Clauzadea chondrodes (A. Massal.) Clauzade & Cl. Roux; Blackspot Lichen; CR Porpidia albocaerulescens (Wulfen) Hertel & Knoph;
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Understory Community Shifts in Response to Repeated Fire and Fire Surrogate Treatments in the Southern Appalachian Mountains, USA Emily C
    Oakman et al. Fire Ecology (2021) 17:7 Fire Ecology https://doi.org/10.1186/s42408-021-00097-1 ORIGINAL RESEARCH Open Access Understory community shifts in response to repeated fire and fire surrogate treatments in the southern Appalachian Mountains, USA Emily C. Oakman1, Donald L. Hagan1* , Thomas A. Waldrop2 and Kyle Barrett1 Abstract Background: Decades of fire exclusion in the southern Appalachian Mountains, USA, has led to changing forest structure and species composition over time. Forest managers and scientists recognize this and are implementing silvicultural treatments to restore forest communities. In this study, conducted at the southern Appalachian Fire and Fire Surrogate Study site in Green River Game Land, North Carolina, USA, we assessed the effects of four fuel- reduction methods (burned four times, B; mechanical treatment two times, M; mechanical treatment two times plus burned four times, MB; and control, C) on the changes in understory community from pre-treatment to post- treatment years (2001 to 2016). We used non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) to determine overall understory community heterogeneity, agglomerative hierarchical cluster analyses (AHCA) to determine finer-scale changes in understory community structure, and indicator species analyses (ISA) to identify the species that were associated with the different fuel reduction treatments over time. Results: The NMDS ordination showed little separation between treatment polygons. The AHCA resulted in two main categories of understory species responses based on how treatment plots clustered together: (1) species apparently unaffected by the treatments (i.e., no treatment pattern present within cluster); and (2) species that responded to B, M, or MB treatments (i.e., pattern of treatment plots present within cluster).
    [Show full text]
  • State of New York City's Plants 2018
    STATE OF NEW YORK CITY’S PLANTS 2018 Daniel Atha & Brian Boom © 2018 The New York Botanical Garden All rights reserved ISBN 978-0-89327-955-4 Center for Conservation Strategy The New York Botanical Garden 2900 Southern Boulevard Bronx, NY 10458 All photos NYBG staff Citation: Atha, D. and B. Boom. 2018. State of New York City’s Plants 2018. Center for Conservation Strategy. The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY. 132 pp. STATE OF NEW YORK CITY’S PLANTS 2018 4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 6 INTRODUCTION 10 DOCUMENTING THE CITY’S PLANTS 10 The Flora of New York City 11 Rare Species 14 Focus on Specific Area 16 Botanical Spectacle: Summer Snow 18 CITIZEN SCIENCE 20 THREATS TO THE CITY’S PLANTS 24 NEW YORK STATE PROHIBITED AND REGULATED INVASIVE SPECIES FOUND IN NEW YORK CITY 26 LOOKING AHEAD 27 CONTRIBUTORS AND ACKNOWLEGMENTS 30 LITERATURE CITED 31 APPENDIX Checklist of the Spontaneous Vascular Plants of New York City 32 Ferns and Fern Allies 35 Gymnosperms 36 Nymphaeales and Magnoliids 37 Monocots 67 Dicots 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report, State of New York City’s Plants 2018, is the first rankings of rare, threatened, endangered, and extinct species of what is envisioned by the Center for Conservation Strategy known from New York City, and based on this compilation of The New York Botanical Garden as annual updates thirteen percent of the City’s flora is imperiled or extinct in New summarizing the status of the spontaneous plant species of the York City. five boroughs of New York City. This year’s report deals with the City’s vascular plants (ferns and fern allies, gymnosperms, We have begun the process of assessing conservation status and flowering plants), but in the future it is planned to phase in at the local level for all species.
    [Show full text]
  • Aesculus Flava (Yellow Buckeye, Sweet Buckeye) Aesculus Flava Is a Medium to Large Deciduous Tree
    Aesculus flava (Yellow buckeye, sweet buckeye) Aesculus flava is a medium to large deciduous tree. The palmate compound leaves turn yellow in the fall. Large yellow flower appears in mid spring. Do not use this specimen as a street tree because of the litter produced by the falling leaves. Used as a shade tree. Landscape Information Pronounciation: ESS-kew-lus FLAY-vuh Plant Type: Tree Heat Zones: 5, 6, 7, 8 Hardiness Zones: 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 Uses: Screen, Specimen, Shade Size/Shape Growth Rate: Moderate Tree Shape: oval Canopy Symmetry: Symmetrical Canopy Density: Dense Canopy Texture: Coarse Height at Maturity: Over 23 Spread at Maturity: 8 to 10 meters Time to Ultimate Height: More than 50 Years Plant Image Aesculus flava (Yellow buckeye, sweet buckeye) Botanical Description Foliage Leaf Arrangement: Opposite Leaf Venation: Pinnate Leaf Persistance: Deciduous Leaf Type: Palmately Compound Leaf Blade: 5 - 10 cm Leaf Shape: Oval Leaf Margins: Serrate Leaf Textures: Coarse Leaf Scent: No Fragance Color(growing season): Green Color(changing season): Yellow Flower Flower Showiness: True Flower Size Range: 7 - 10 Flower Type: Panicle Flower Image Flower Sexuality: Monoecious (Bisexual) Flower Scent: No Fragance Flower Color: Yellow Seasons: Spring Trunk Trunk Has Crownshaft: False Trunk Susceptibility to Breakage: Generally resists breakage Number of Trunks: Single Trunk Trunk Esthetic Values: Not Showy Fruit Fruit Type: Nut Fruit Showiness: True Fruit Size Range: 1.5 - 3 Fruit Colors: Brown Seasons: Spring Aesculus flava (Yellow buckeye, sweet
    [Show full text]
  • Checklist of Illinois Native Trees
    Technical Forestry Bulletin · NRES-102 Checklist of Illinois Native Trees Jay C. Hayek, Extension Forestry Specialist Department of Natural Resources & Environmental Sciences Updated May 2019 This Technical Forestry Bulletin serves as a checklist of Tree species prevalence (Table 2), or commonness, and Illinois native trees, both angiosperms (hardwoods) and gym- county distribution generally follows Iverson et al. (1989) and nosperms (conifers). Nearly every species listed in the fol- Mohlenbrock (2002). Additional sources of data with respect lowing tables† attains tree-sized stature, which is generally to species prevalence and county distribution include Mohlen- defined as having a(i) single stem with a trunk diameter brock and Ladd (1978), INHS (2011), and USDA’s The Plant Da- greater than or equal to 3 inches, measured at 4.5 feet above tabase (2012). ground level, (ii) well-defined crown of foliage, and(iii) total vertical height greater than or equal to 13 feet (Little 1979). Table 2. Species prevalence (Source: Iverson et al. 1989). Based on currently accepted nomenclature and excluding most minor varieties and all nothospecies, or hybrids, there Common — widely distributed with high abundance. are approximately 184± known native trees and tree-sized Occasional — common in localized patches. shrubs found in Illinois (Table 1). Uncommon — localized distribution or sparse. Rare — rarely found and sparse. Nomenclature used throughout this bulletin follows the Integrated Taxonomic Information System —the ITIS data- Basic highlights of this tree checklist include the listing of 29 base utilizes real-time access to the most current and accept- native hawthorns (Crataegus), 21 native oaks (Quercus), 11 ed taxonomy based on scientific consensus.
    [Show full text]
  • Annonaceae), from Kalakkad-Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve (KMTR), India
    Indian Journal of Experimental Biology Vol. 57, July 2019, pp. 516-525 Reproductive biology and pollinators of a steno-endemic and critically endangered tree, Monoon tirunelveliense (Annonaceae), from Kalakkad-Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve (KMTR), India MB Viswanathan*, C Rajasekar & P Sathish Kumar Centre for Research and Development of Siddha-Ayurveda Medicines (CRDSAM), Department of Botany, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli-620 024, Tamil Nadu, India Received 06 June 2014; revised 27 June 2015 Reproductive biological studies on the endemic and threatened plants are vital to understand pollinators and their role in seed setting and their dispersal, and thereby identify appropriate initiatives for conservation. In this study, we investigated Monoon tirunelveliense (M.B. Viswan. & Manik.) B. Xue & R.M.K. Saunders (Annonaceae), a steno-endemic and critically endangered tree species from the Kalakkad-Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve of India for its phenology, pollen morphology and viability, pollinators and conditions required to increase individuals and populations. We used Global Positioning System mapping to collect required data. Recording of mere 171 individuals in 7 populations justify its inclusion in IUCN Red List Category of critically endangered. Though flowering occurs throughout the year, it is at peak in July. Flowers are protogynous and cantharophilous and bear 215+10 anthers/flower, 750+60 pollen grains/anther, 1,65,000+100 pollen grains/flower, 25+12 ovules/flower and 6,600:1 pollen/ovule. Predominant pollinators are beetles belonging to Carpophilus plagiatipennis and Cerambycid species. Other pollinators include species of Aphis, Azteca, Endaeus, Pseudococcus and Psylla. Species of Halyzia and Scolopendra have also been noticed. Pollinators left behind black markings after feeding.
    [Show full text]
  • Presence of the Indole Alkaloid Reserpine in Bignonia Capreolata L
    Available online on www.ijppr.com International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research 2012; 4(3); 89-91 ISSN: 0975-4873 Research Article Presence of the Indole Alkaloid Reserpine in Bignonia Capreolata L. Clark. T1, *Lund. K.C.1,2 1Department of Botanical Medicine, Bastyr University, Kenmore WA, USA 2Bastyr University Research Institute, Kenmore WA, USA ABSTRACT Bignonia capreolatais a perennial semi-evergreen vine from the Southeast United States that was used as a medicine by the Native Americans but has since fallen out of use. A preliminary screen of B. capreolata suggested the presence of the indole alkaloid reserpine. This analysis was undertaken to 1) verify the presence reserpine using LC-MS referenced with an analytical standard of reserpine; and 2) if verified, quantitate the level of reserpine in B. capreolata leaf. LC-MS analysis has confirmed the presence of reserpine in B. capreolata, which makes this the only known plant outside the Apocynaceae family to contain this indole alkaloid. INTRODUCTION MATERIALS AND METHODS Bignonia capreolata(crossvine)is a perennial semi- Plant Material: Leaf and stem of Bignonia capreolataL. evergreen vine native to the Eastern United States. It is a were collected in near Shelby, Alabama (USA). A member of the Bignoniaceae family, a plant family sample of the plant material used for testing was predominately found in tropical and subtropical regions. authenticated by a botanist (George Yatskievych, PhD) It is known by the common name crossvine and has and submitted to the Missouri Botanical Gardens become a popular ornamental plant due to its showy herbarium (voucher #6257878). clusters of orange to red trumpet flowers1.Ethnobotanical Sample Preparation: Plant material was dried whole and use in North Americahas been documented for the leaves removed for processing.
    [Show full text]
  • Cocoa Beach Maritime Hammock Preserve Management Plan
    MANAGEMENT PLAN Cocoa Beach’s Maritime Hammock Preserve City of Cocoa Beach, Florida Florida Communities Trust Project No. 03 – 035 –FF3 Adopted March 18, 2004 TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION PAGE I. Introduction ……………………………………………………………. 1 II. Purpose …………………………………………………………….……. 2 a. Future Uses ………….………………………………….…….…… 2 b. Management Objectives ………………………………………….... 2 c. Major Comprehensive Plan Directives ………………………..….... 2 III. Site Development and Improvement ………………………………… 3 a. Existing Physical Improvements ……….…………………………. 3 b. Proposed Physical Improvements…………………………………… 3 c. Wetland Buffer ………...………….………………………………… 4 d. Acknowledgment Sign …………………………………..………… 4 e. Parking ………………………….………………………………… 5 f. Stormwater Facilities …………….………………………………… 5 g. Hazard Mitigation ………………………………………………… 5 h. Permits ………………………….………………………………… 5 i. Easements, Concessions, and Leases …………………………..… 5 IV. Natural Resources ……………………………………………..……… 6 a. Natural Communities ………………………..……………………. 6 b. Listed Animal Species ………………………….…………….……. 7 c. Listed Plant Species …………………………..…………………... 8 d. Inventory of the Natural Communities ………………..………….... 10 e. Water Quality …………..………………………….…..…………... 10 f. Unique Geological Features ………………………………………. 10 g. Trail Network ………………………………….…..………..……... 10 h. Greenways ………………………………….…..……………..……. 11 i Adopted March 18, 2004 V. Resources Enhancement …………………………..…………………… 11 a. Upland Restoration ………………………..………………………. 11 b. Wetland Restoration ………………………….…………….………. 13 c. Invasive Exotic Plants …………………………..…………………... 13 d. Feral
    [Show full text]
  • The Vascular Flora of the Lake Thoreau Environmental Center
    THE VASCULAR FLORA OF THE LAKE THOREAU ENVIRONMENTAL CENTER, FORREST AND LAMAR COUNTIES, MISSISSIPPI, WITH COMMENTS ON COMPOSITIONAL CHANGE AFTER A DECADE OF PRESCRIBED FIRE William J. McFarland, Danielle Cotton, Mac H. Alford, Micheal A. Davis 118 College Dr., Box 5018 School of Biological, Environmental, and Earth Sciences The University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, U.S.A. [email protected] ABSTRACT Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) ecosystems exhibit high species diversity and are major contributors to the extraordinary levels of regional biodiversity and endemism found in the North American Coastal Plain Province. These forests require frequent fire return inter- vals (every 2–3 years) to maintain this rich diversity. In 2009, a floristic inventory was conducted at the Lake Thoreau Environmental Center owned by the University of Southern Mississippi in Hattiesburg, Mississippi. The Center is located on 106 ha with approximately half cov- ered by a 100+ year old longleaf pine forest. When the 2009 survey was conducted, fire had been excluded for over 20 years resulting in a dense understory dominated by woody species throughout most of the forest. The 2009 survey recorded 282 vascular plant species. Prescribed fire was reintroduced in 2009 and reapplied again in 2010, 2012, 2014, 2016, and 2018. A new survey was conducted in 2019 to assess the effects of prescribed fire on floristic diversity. The new survey found an additional 268 species bringing the total number of plants species to 550. This study highlights the changes in species diversity that occurs when fire is reintroduced into a previously fire-suppressed system and the need to monitor sensitive areas for changes in species composition.
    [Show full text]
  • AMERICAN BEAUTYBERRY (Callicarpa Americana)
    ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT AND RESTORATION RESEARCH PROGRAM TECHNICAL REPORT EL-97-15 AMERICAN BEAUTYBERRY (Callicarpa americana) Section 7.5.8, U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS WILDLIFE RESOURCES MANAGEMENT MANUAL by Chester O. Martin DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY Waterways Experiment Station, Corps of Engineers 3909 Halls Ferry Road, Vicksburg, Mississippi 39180-6199 and Sarah P. Mott Conservation Communications Vicksburg, Mississippi 39180 August 1997 Final Report Approved For Public Release; Distribution Is Unlimited EL-97-15 ^ 1997 Prepared for DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Washington, DC 20314-1000 Under EIRP Work Unit 32420 library OEC I 1 The contents of this report are not to be used for advertising, publication, or promotional purposes. Citation of trade names does not constitute an official endorsement or approval of the use of such commercial products. The findings of this report are not to be construed as an official Department of the Army position, unless so designated by other authorized documents. PRINTED ON RECYCLED PAPER ÍJ\ LIBRARY 92046874 "; ■ 11 -J - y] PREFACE This work was sponsored by the Headquarters, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (HQUSACE), as part of the Ecosystem Management and Restoration Research Program (EMRRP), Work Unit 32420, entitled Development of U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Wildlife Resources Management Manual. Mr. Dave Mathis, CERD-C, was the EIRP Coordinator at the Directorate of Research and Development, HQUSACE. The Program Monitors for the study were Ms. Cheryl Smith, Mr. F. B. Juhle, and Mr. Forrester Einarsen, HQUSACE. The report serves as a section of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Wildlife Resources Management Manual.
    [Show full text]
  • The Campanulaceae of Ohio1
    CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by KnowledgeBank at OSU 142 WIENS ET AL. Vol. 62 THE CAMPANULACEAE OF OHIO1 ROBERT W. CRUDEN2 Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus 10 In Ohio the family Campanulaceae is represented by three genera: Campanula, Lobelia, and Specularia; and eleven species, of which five are common throughout the state and two are quite limited in their distribution. Following the key to species each species is briefly described, and distribution, common names, chromosome numbers, if known, and other pertinent data are given. Chromosome numbers are those given in Darlington and Wylie (1956) and in the papers of Bowden (1959a, 1959b). Average time of flowering is indi- ^ontribution Nc. 666 of the Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University. Research completed while a National Science Foundation Co-operative Fellow. 2Present address: Department of Botany, University of California, Berkeley 4, California. THE OHIO JOURNAL OF SCIENCE 62(3): 142, May, 1962. No. 3 CAMPANULACEAE OF OHIO 143 cated as well as the extreme flowering dates as determined from a study of her- barium material. The genera and species are arranged alphabetically. Distri- bution maps are included. A dot represents a collection of a particular species in a given county. No attempt has been made to indicate the general area of collection within the county, as a majority of herbarium specimens do not have this information. It should also be pointed out that many of the collections examined are forty or more years old and thus the distribution maps do not neces- sarily indicate present distribution.
    [Show full text]
  • Great Ragweed Ambrosia Trifida Asteraceae—Aster Family by Tom Reaume © 2011 Nature Manitoba Grant
    Great Ragweed Ambrosia trifida Asteraceae—Aster family by Tom Reaume © 2011 Nature Manitoba Grant: n annual wildflower 0.5–3 (–6.4) m tall by 60–120+ cm wide from a taproot 5–30 cm long by 1–2 cm wide; side Aroots 2–25 cm long by 0.5–3 mm thick; in moist disturbed open sites, flood plains, roadsides, orchards and pastures; monoecious. l FLOWER HEADS green, blooming July–November; inflo- rescence of numerous unisexual heads, the terminal male heads above the clustered, less obvious female heads; floral branches from the base or only above, 5–105+ cm long, reduced above, ascending, scabrous, some rebranching near Great Ragweed 1–2 m tall in bloom along the bank of tips; peduncles (of male heads) hairy, 2–10 mm long, rarely Omand’s Creek in Winnipeg, Manitoba divided, spreading; male heads in erect to nodding racemes 3–27 cm long by 1.5–3 cm wide, the terminal raceme the lon- gest; involucral bracts green, fused, forming a cuplike hood 3–7 mm long and wide by 2–4 mm deep, slightly hairy above near the apex, often with 1–3 dark nerves, margins erose; male flower male florets 20–55+ per head, unopened florets 1.8–2.2 mm heads long by c. 1.3 mm wide; perianth 5-lobed (6-), lobe tips blunt, each c. 0.7 mm wide, opaque, with 5 or 6 dark lines, united Two meter tall near the base, glabrous, slightly transparent revealing the an- plant with its thers inside; stamens 5, some partially exserted; anthers c.
    [Show full text]
  • Growild, Inc. June 2020 Retail Availability
    GroWild, Inc. June 2020 Retail Availability Description Quantity size Price FERNS Adiatum pedatum - Maidenhair Fern 3 1 gal. 15.00 Athyrium felix femina - Lady Fern 24 1 gal 15.00 Cheilanthes lanosa - Hairy Lip Fern 7 1 qt 10.00 Dennstaedtia punctilobula - Hay Scented Fern 156 1 gal 15.00 Diplazium pycnocarpon - Glade Fern 9 1 gal 15.00 Dryopteris filix-mas 'Dactyl' - Male Fern 27 1 gal 15.00 Dryopteris goldiana - Goldies Wood Fern 7 1 gal 15.00 Dryopteris marginalis - Wood Fern 2 1 gal 15.00 Lygodium palmatum - American Climbing Fern 64 1 Qt 10.50 Matteuccia struthiopteris v. pensylvanica - Ostrich Fern 2 1 gal. 15.00 Metteuccia struthiopteris v. pensylvanica - Ostrich Fern 12 3 gRM 28.00 Onoclea sensibilis - Sensative Fern 1 1 gal 15.00 Osmunda cinnamomea - Cinnamon Fern 3 1 gal 15.00 Osmunda regalis - Royal Fern 1 3 gal 25.00 Osmunda regalis v. spectabilis- Royal Fern 53 1 gal. 15.00 Polystichum acrostichoides - Christmas Fern 458 1 gal. 15.00 Pteridium aquilinum - Bracken Fern 51 1 QT 10.00 Thelypteris noveboracensis - New York Fern 5 1 gal 15.00 Unidentified Fern 10 1 g 10.00 Unidentified Fern 93 quart 8.00 GRASSES Andropogan gerardii - Big Blue Stem 7 quart 5.00 Androgogon glomeratus - Bushy Blue Stem 1 1gal 11.00 Andropogon g. 'Red October' - Big Bluestem PP26283 35 1 gal 15.00 Andropogon g. 'Red October' - Big Bluestem PP26283 29 3 gal 30.00 Andropogon ternarius - Split-beard Broomsedge 86 1 gal 12.50 Andropogon ternarius 'Black Mountain' - 62 3 gal 30.00 Andropogon virginicus - Broomsedge 1 1 gal 11.00 Andropogon virginicus - Broomsedge 61 3 gal 21.00 Andropogon virginicus var glaucus 55 1 gal 12.50 Bouteloua curtipedula - Side Oat Grama (syn.
    [Show full text]