State of Conservation of World Heritage Properties in Europe SECTION II

liberal theories of English economists of the 19th century and of what has been called “paternalist ITALY capitalism”. The peculiarity of Crespi is, together with its Crespi d’Adda uniqueness, its perfect state of preservation. Together with the company-town of Noisiel-sur- Brief description Marne (France) it is the only company-town which has an unaltered urban structure. All the other Crespi d'Adda in Capriate San Gervasio in Italian company-towns (Leumann in Turin and Lombardy is an outstanding example of the 19th- Rossi in Schio) and European company-towns and early 20th-century 'company towns' built in (New Lanark in Great Britain and company-town Europe and North America by enlightened Krupp in Germany) have undergone great changes industrialists to meet the workers' needs. The site is because they were located near big cities which, still remarkably intact and is partly used for while expanding changed their structure, and industrial purposes, although changing economic because the owners of the towns modified them in and social conditions now threaten its survival. order to adapt them to the different, needs of our century. Crespi is located in an excellent position which has prevented the construction of new 1. Introduction buildings and (thanks to its previous owner and to Year(s) of Inscription 1995 the Municipality) architectural changes.

Agency responsible for site management As provided in ICOMOS evaluation • Municipality of Capriate San Gervasio Qualities: Crespi d’Adda is an exceptionally well Office of Culture and Tourism preserved example of a European “Company town” 24042 Capriate San Gervazio of the late 19th/early 20th century. It is outstanding Lombardy, Italy for its completeness, for the minimal level of E-mail: segretaria@comune-san-gervazio.bg.it change that it has undergone over the past 120 Website: www.commune.capriate-san- years, and, in particular, for the high quality of its gervazio.bg.it layout and its architecture.

• Soprintendenza for monuments and landscape Recommendation: That this property be inscribed of Milan on the World Heritage List on the basis of criteria Piazza del Duomo 14 (iv) and (v). 20121 Milan Lombardy, Italy Crespi d’Adda is an outstanding example of the E-mail: [email protected] 19th and early 20th century phenomenon of the “Company town” in Europe and North America, which was an expression of the prevailing 2. Statement of Significance philosophy of enlightened industrialists towards their employees. It survives remarkably intact, and Inscription Criteria C (iv), (v) part is still in industrial use, though changing economic and social conditions inevitably pose a Justification provided by the State Party threat to its continued survival. We believe the company-town of Crespi d’Adda could enter the World Heritage List for the following Committee Decision reasons: a) It is a rare example of company-town Bureau (July 1995): The Bureau decided to defer both because of the privileged position it has and the examination of this nomination to await the because its urban and architectural structure is soonest possible outcome of a comparative study unaltered. b) It witnesses a crucial period of the of "company towns" in Europe and North America, evolution of our society: the industrial revolution. prepared by TICCIH on behalf of ICOMOS. Company-towns weren’t only peculiar because of their urban structure but also, and mainly, because Session (1995): The Committee decided to inscribe they reflected an idea of precise society and this property on the World Heritage List on the precise economic growth. There was a determined basis of criteria (iv) and (v), considering that it is an hierarchy, precise roles and planned economic exceptional example of a working village of Europe relationships. They are therefore the result of the and North America, dating back to the 19th and State of Conservation of World Heritage Properties in Europe SECTION II

20th centuries, and reflecting the predominant preserved at Crespi d’Adda. All the original philosophy of enlightened industrialists with respect elements – public, private, and industrial – to their employees. Although the evolution of survive intact: none has been demolished or economic and social conditions constituted an substantially modified. There are some more inevitable threat to the survival of Crespi d'Adda, its recent constructions ancillaries to the dwelling integrity is remarkable and it has partly conserved houses which are out of keeping with the its industrial activity. It also congratulated the Italian overall appearance of the town; these will be authorities for the coherence of its conservation removed when the Municipal Plan comes into programme which had preserved the architectural full effect and social qualities of this property. • The Village of Crespi d’Adda draws the own origin from the handicraft and industrial truth of • Statement of Significance adequately defines the region. In spite of the closing of the factory, the outstanding universal value of the site the site remains which meaningful example of • Change proposed by State Party for the archaeology manufacturer. Currently the Village UNESCO’s official description maintains tourist vocation residential and tourist • Every intervention on the Village must consider Boundaries and Buffer Zone the present social truth on the territory: various • Status of boundaries of the site: adequate from how much the Village is believed still are • No buffer zone has been defined; on the area inhabited. Essential for this the "shared the Natural Park Adda North falls back. To that planning" with the citizens. It is emphasized the normative forecasts of the Town Planning of that the requirements represented from the protection join acclimatize them regional and citizens are sometimes new and various from national they constitute adapted protection those to which forehead has been made the age of the construction of the Village Status of Authenticity/Integrity World Heritage site values have been • 3. Protection maintained • There has been no programme of conservation Legislative and Administrative Arrangements specifically based on the cultural and historical • The Detailed Plan approved by the Municipal significance of Crespi d’Adda. A consistent Council with act no 9, 5/04/2004. This Plan approach covering the entire complex of regulates decisions about methods of industrial, public, and private buildings was intervention on the environment and maintained so long as it was in the ownership architectonical heritage, on the basis of of a single entity (the “company”). Since that historical studies and analysis time, the private buildings, being in individual • The protection arrangements are considered ownership, have been well maintained, but sufficiently effective there has been some deterioration in the state of the public buildings. These are now the Actions taken/proposed: subject of restoration projects, in particular the • Active safeguarding of site. It is necessary a school, where there is a plan in active better knowledge of the traditional activities of preparation for its re-use as a centre the site. For this purpose there are in progress incorporating a museum, library, and meeting some studies concerning the cataloguing of centre. So far as the industrial buildings are constructive typologies, of the maintenance concerned, only part of the extensive complex environmental techniques and production is currently in use. As a result some areas are techniques progressively deteriorating. Part of the regeneration project involves their rehabilitation and use for interpreting the town’s industrial 4. Management past. More serious is the condition of the small Use of site/property hydroelectric power station, which is an • Urban centre; religious use; rural landscape; excellent example of early 20th century Art Adda Nord Regional Park Nouveau architecture. Its technical equipment is still in situ and plans are being prepared for Management /Administrative Body its rehabilitation as an industrial heritage • Management under protective legislation; museum. Natural Park of Adda Nord A remarkable degree of authenticity has been State of Conservation of World Heritage Properties in Europe SECTION II

• In the Plan of provincial coordination, actions 8. Sources of Expertise and Training in for the enhancement of the territory are Conservation and Management previewed also for the site Techniques • Site manager with responsibilities added to an existing job; Coordinator needed • From the University, the school of specialization, • Levels of public authority who are primarily the Superintendence are available specialized involved with the management of the site: expertise to work in co-operation with the national; regional; local; Adda Regional Park, Municipality Parish, Associations, private citizens • There are training need currently not being met • The current management system is sufficiently for the management and enhancement of the effective cultural heritage, for the revival of tourism and to promote awareness of the values of the site Actions proposed: among the owners and inhabitants • Integrated promotion of the Site; to support the integrated enhancement, in infra-sectorial and 9. Visitor Management inter-sectorial terms, of the resource "culture" as the base of the local development plans that • Visitor statistics: 30.000 (supplied statistical use the environmental and cultural resources. survey from the associations that offer guided La complexity of the interventions needs the visits), 2004 participation of all the subjects and the • Visitor facilities: a Service Guides assured from involvement of all the stakeholders, from the cultural Associations presents on the territory is peripheral state offices to the sub-regional and available. The Associations cure the local agencies, including private subjects. acceptance of the visitors and supply various The integrated promotion should be based on: packages in accordance with the visitors’ A. Industrial archaeology and culture of the job; requirements. Two Associations are located B. Cultural "Ecomusei" and parks; C. Archives; inside the Village of Crespi. They are active D. Knowledge Instruments; E. Intercultural over the entire year service bar, and informative point. At present there is only some informative material and the promoting activity of the 5. Management Plan associations. The lack of economical resources • Management plan under preparation; to be did not consent to realize a visitor centre completed and adopted: December 2007 • Responsibility for over-seeing the 10. Scientific Studies implementation of the management plan and monitoring its effectiveness: Municipality of • Studies related to the value of the site; Capriate San Gervazio condition surveys; archaeological surveys • They have been carried up studies and plans for the creation of a documentation centre and 6. Financial Resources a museum area. Has been carried up a Financial situation feasibility study about the promotion of the site • Municipality funds • The studies represent the starting point for the • Sufficient; not adequate for the protection and elaboration of the Management Plan and, in conservation of the site general, of the promotion and enhancement • Further fund are been researching from strategies for the site. They are also the base national, regional and private sources for the training of the guides

7. Staffing Levels 11. Education, Information and Awareness Building • No adequate staff resources to protect, maintain and promote the site • An adequate number of signs referring to World Heritage site Rate of access to adequate professional staff • World Heritage Convention Emblem used on across the following disciplines: publications • Good: conservation, visitor management • Adequate awareness of World Heritage among: • Average: management; promotion; visitors, local authorities interpretation; education State of Conservation of World Heritage Properties in Europe SECTION II

• Need for awareness rising: more information 13. Monitoring and sensitisation for the local community and local entrepreneurs. It’s important to explain the • No formal monitoring programme link between the revival of tourism and the • Measures taken/planned: Necessity that each economic development intervention of conversion of the site • Heritage days functionality will be subjected to preventive evaluation. A monitoring plan for the site will be • Web site available: www.villaggiocrespi.it, included in the future management plan. Since www.crespidadda.it, www.associazionenema.it. the universal recognized value of the Village of • There are in program some photograph Crespi D' Adda resides in the conservation of exhibitions, summer events and meetings. In its original structure, is necessary that particular, one about “Crespi d’Adda, resource participation for the conversion of the for the local development” in the occasion of functionalities of the place is subjected to a the decennial of the site inscription preventive appraisal rather than to a successive

control. A plan for monitoring the site is under 12. Factors affecting the Property (State of construction, together with the Management Conservation) Plan

Reactive monitoring reports • N/A 14. Conclusions and Recommended Actions Conservation interventions • Main benefits of WH status: social; World • The following interventions have been executed Heritage status influenced positively in the site: Arrangement of the "Carpinata". The international know-ability of the site. The cobbled paving shaded by "bersot" of horn- inscription stimulated a better awareness of the beam and the adjacent paths were arranged importance of the site in the local community. and a new lighting system was built; realization The acknowledgment is of stimulus in order to of an archaeological documentation centre; in instil greater knowledge of the importance of this will be located also the historical archive of the place for the local community that lives daily Crespi d'Adda legler; the link of the Village of in the situated one strengthens the will to Crespi D'Adda to the irrigation net of the operate actively for its conservation, drainage consortium of the media plain of valorisation and promotion; increasing of the Bergamo; restoration of the path called "from studies on the site and stimulation of cultural Leonardo to UNESCO"; maintenance of the debates about the site; an increment of visitors roof of the stairwell and of the access to the • Strengths/Weaknesses of management: lack of basement of the building "Palazzotto n. 11"; the touristy offer and scarce enhancement of public illumination system remake; restoration cultural offer of Via Crespi, Corso Manzoni and pedestrian walk ways between Via Marconi and Via Stalin; Future actions: re-qualification of pedestrian walk ways • Promotion of meetings and cultural events; between Via Stadium and Via Progresso organisation of cultural meetings and • Present state of conservation: Good workshops about the value and actuality of Crespi d’Adda, after ten years from inscription. Threats and Risks to site Organisation responsible: Municipality of • Specific issues: In general, the landscape is as Capriate San Gervasio. Timeframe: 2005-2006 much more sensible as it preserves traces of • Promotion of conventions and cultural events; recent transformations, or inversely, of the Elaboration and realization of cultural events landscape’s relative integrity. Subjective egiornate of study on the site in order to reflect aspects, of no less importance, must be taken on the present time of the value of Crespi to ten into consideration, i.e. the role society ascribes years from the inscription in the World Heritage to the site involved in relation to associated List. Organisation responsible: Municipality of symbolic values Capriate San Gervasio. Timeframe: 2005-2006 • Emergency measures taken: Prevention and education; positioning of video cameras for surveillance and patrolling of the local police; sensitization and incentives to arouse interest towards reclamation of buildings