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Diapositiva 1 Subclase Hamamelidae Ubicación taxonómica. Caracteres diagnósticos. Diferencia entre los órdenes. Familias que conforman los órdenes. Especies de importancia económica. Especies indígenas. Sistema filogenético de Cronquist Subclase Hamamelidae Ordenes Hamamelidales Juglandales Urticales Casuarinales Fagales 3.400 spp. 12.000 spp. Subclase Hamamelidae = Sepaloideanas -Amentíferas Arboles (hierbas) Perianto ausente o con un ciclo de color verde. Amentos = espigas péndulas de flores pequeñas y unisexuales Subclase Hamamelidae – Cronquist 1981 Urticales Juglandales Fagales Casuarinales Hamamelidales Subclase Hamamelidae A. Gineceo dialicarpelar. Inflorescencias globosas Hamamelidales (H.N.) B. Carpelos libres. Fruto aquenio Platanaceae B’. Carpelos unidos en la base. Fruto capsular Hamamelidaceae Orden Hamamelidales: Platanaceae infl. masculina infl. femenina aquenio Fl. femenina Fl. masculina Platanus xacerifolia Carpelos libres. Fruto aquenio Orden Hamamelidales: Hamamelidaceae Ovario 2-locular Cápsulas bivalvas Liquidambar styraciflua – Norteamérica Hamamelis virginiana Carpelos soldados en la base. Fruto cápsula Subclase Hamamelidae A. Gineceo dialicarpelar Hamamelidales AA. Gineceo gamocarpelar B. Hojas pinnaticompuestas Juglandales Orden Juglandales: Fam. Juglandáceas G ínfero “drupáceo” drupa involucrada pericarpio pericarpio indehiscente dehiscente 4-valvar nuez alada Juglans Carya Pterocarya Carya Receptáculo,exo y mesocarpo carnoso Endocarpio leñoso Alas Fam. Juglandáceas: Juglans Juglans regia “Nogal europeo”- Frutal (frutal) Juglans regia “Nogal europeo” Juglans nigra “Nogal americano” - Arbolado Juglandáceas nativas *Juglans australis “Nogal criollo” Prov. de las Yungas Orden Juglandales: Fam. Juglandáceas Carya illinoensis “Nuez de pecán” - Norteamérica Frutal y Forestal (cultivada en el Delta y la Mesopotamia) Subclase Hamamelidae A. Gineceo dialicarpelar Hamamelidales AA. Gineceo gamocarpelar B. Hojas pinnaticompuestas Juglandales BB. Hojas simples C. Gineceo súpero Urticales Orden Urticales Clave de diferenciación de familias A. Hojas asimétricas B. Fruto drupa Celtidaceas B’. Fruro sámara Ulmáceas Orden Urticales Hojas asimétricas en la base Fruto drupa Fruto sámara Celtis -Celtidáceas Ulmus-Ulmáceas Orden Urticales Hojas asimétricas en la base Celtis australis Ulmus procera “Olmo europeo” cordones de conchillas de la región rioplatense y las dunas costeras atlánticas Celtis ehrenbergiana (=C. tala) “tala" Orden Urticales Clave de diferenciación de familias A. Hojas asimétricas B. Fruto drupa Celtidaceas B’. Fruro sámara Ulmáceas A’. Hojas simétricas. Fruto seco o carnoso C. Plantas con látex. Infrutescencias carnosas. Moráceas Orden Urticales: Fam. Moráceas Sicono Ficus carica “Higuera” Ficus carica “Higuera” Fam. Moráceas: Ficus – fruto sicono Ficus elastica “gomero” India y Malaya Ficus pumila *Ficus luschnathiana “agarrapalo” Ficus benjamina -Asia y “Enamorada del muro” Prov. Paranaense Australia Asia y Australia Orden Urticales: Fam. Moráceas Fruto sincarpio carnoso Fruto aquenio con los sépalos carnosos Maclura pommifera - Norteamérica Morus alba - China Orden Urticales Clave de diferenciación de familias A. Hojas asimétricas B. Fruto drupa Celtidaceas B’. Fruro sámara Ulmáceas A’. Hojas no asimétricas. Fruto seco o carnoso C. Plantas con látex. Infrutescencias carnosas. Moráceas C’. Plantas sin látex. Sin infrutescencias carnosas. D. Hojas palmatinervias o palmatipartidas. Plantas dioicas Cannabáceas Orden Urticales: Fam. Cannabáceas Cultivo de “lúpulo” en El Bolsón (Prov. Río Negro) Cannabis sativa - Asia Humulus lupulus – H. Norte Orden Urticales Clave de diferenciación de familias A. Hojas asimétricas B. Fruto drupa Celtidaceas B’. Fruro sámara Ulmáceas A’. Hojas no asimétricas. Fruto seco o carnoso C. Plantas con látex. Infrutescencias carnosas. Moráceas C’. Plantas sin látex. Sin infrutescencias carnosas. D. Hojas palmatinervias o palmatipartidas. Plantas dioicas. Cannabináceas D’. Hojas no palmatinervias ni palmatipartidas. Plantas monoicas. Urticáceas Orden Urticales: Fam. Urticáceas Urtica urens “Ortiga” - Europa Subclase Hamamelidae A. Gineceo dialicarpelar Hamamelidales AA. Gineceo gamocarpelar B. Hojas pinnaticompuestas Juglandales BB. Hojas simples C. Gineceo súpero Urticales CC. Gineceo ínfero E. Hojas escuamiformes Casuarinales = Verticilales Tallos equisetiformes con hojas escuamiformes en verticilo Orden Verticilales: Fam. Casuarináceas Amentos masculinos Tallos equisetiformes con hojas escuamiformes en verticilo Flor femenina con dos brácteas Sámaras Conos femeninos Casuarina cunninghamiana “casuarina” Subclase Hamamelidae A. Gineceo dialicarpelar Hamamelidales AA. Gineceo gamocarpelar B. Hojas pinnaticompuestas Juglandales BB. Hojas simples C. Gineceo súpero Urticales CC. Gineceo ínfero E. Hojas en verticilo, escuamiformes Casuarinales EE. Hojas alternas, no escuamiformes Fagales DiferenciaciónOrden de Fagales los órdenes A. Frutos rodeados por brácteas herbáceas o leñosas. Estilos 2 Betuláceas O. Fagales: Betuláceas: frutos con brácteas . *Alnus acuminata ssp. acuminata Betula pendula “Abedul” “Aliso del cerro” – Prov. de las Yungas Bráctea herbácea Bráctea leñosa O. Fagales: Betuláceas nativas *Alnus acuminata subsp. acuminata “Aliso del cerro” – Prov. de las Yungas Fagales: Betuláceas de frutos con brácteas herbáceas Bráctea herbácea Bráctea herbácea trilobulada Nuez laciniada Carpinus betulus “Carpe” -Ornamental Corylus avellana “Avellano” - Frutal Flores femeninas en fascículos Amento femenino Amento masculino DiferenciaciónOrden de Fagales los órdenes A. Frutos rodeados por brácteas herbáceas o leñosas. Estilos 2 Betuláceas AA. Frutos rodeados por una cúpula leñosa. Estilos 3 (ó 6) B. Flores masculinas en amentos. Hemisferio norte Fagáceas Familia Fagáceas A. Frutos redondeados B. Amentos péndulos . Cúpula basal Quercus “Robles” Clave de las especies de Quercus “Robles” A. Hojas caedizas B. Lóbulos de las hojas redondeados Q. robur “Roble europeo” BB.Lóbulos de las hojas agudos C. Hojas pinnatipartidas Q. palustris “Roble de los pantanos” CC. Hojas pinnatífidas Q. rubra “Roble americano” Clave de las especies de Quercus “Robles” A. Hojas persistentes B. Hojas con 7 pares de venas secundarias o menos Q. suber “Alcornoque” BB. Hojas con más de 7 pares de venas secundarias Q. ilex “Encina” Familia Fagáceas A. Frutos redondeados B. Amentos péndulos . Cúpula basal (1) Quercus “Robles” BB. Amentos erguidos . Cúpula erizada rodeando totalmente los frutos (3) Castanea “Castaño” Castanea sativa Familia Fagáceas A. Frutos redondeados B. Amentos péndulos . Cúpula basal Quercus “Robles” BB. Amentos erguidos . Cúpula erizada rodeando totalmente los frutos Castanea “Castaño” A. Frutos angulosos Fagus “Hayas” flor ♂ glomérulo Fagus sylvatica DiferenciaciónOrden de Fagales los órdenes A. Frutos rodeados por brácteas herbáceas o leñosas. Estilos 2 Betuláceas AA. Frutos rodeados por una cúpula leñosa. Estilos 3 (ó 6) B. Flores masculinas en amentos. Hemisferio norte Fagáceas BB. Flores masculinas solitarias o en dicasios Hemisferio sur Notofagáceas Nothofagus de hoja caduca dientes redondeados - regulares Nothofagus pumilio “lenga” dientes agudos – irregulares – 4 o 6 nervaduras Nothofagus antártica “ñire” Orden Fagales: Fagáceas - Provincia Subantártica (Bosque caducifolio) Nothofagus de hoja caduca dientes regulares Nothofagus alpina “raulí” Nothofagus pumilio “lenga” dientes irregulares – 7 nervaduras Nothofagus obliqua “roble pellín” Orden Fagales: Fagáceas - Provincia Subantártica (Bosque caducifolio) Nothofagus de hoja perenne hojas ovadas Nothofagus betuloides “guindo” hojas lanceoladas Nothofagus dombeyi “coihue” Orden Fagales: Fagaceae - Provincia Subantártica (Bosque perennifolio) Subclase Hamamelidae – Cronquist 1981 Urticales Fagales APG III Fagales Rosales APG III Juglandales Casuarinales Ovario ínfero Hamamelidales Proteales APG III Platanaceae Rosales- Hamamelidaceae Saxifragaceae APG III 1.- Cite 3 caracteres (hábito, perianto e inflorescencia) que permitan reconocer a la Subclase Hamamelidae. 2.- Diferenciar los 3 órdenes a través de una clave dicotómica. 3.- Caracterizar al Orden Verticilales (tallos, estructuras reproductivas, frutos). 4.- Urticales. Diferencias a las familias mediante una clave dicotómica. 5.- Ulmáceas: Diferencie los géneros Celtis y Ulmus por sus frutos. Citar 2 ejemplos (una especie indígena y otra exótica). 6.- Moráceas: ¿Cuál es el n.c. y vulgar de la especie cultivada como ornamental, frutal y que sus hojas sirven de alimento al gusano de seda? Cite el nombre vulgar de Ficus luschnathiana, a qué hace referencia dicho nombre y en qué provincia fitogeografía argentina se encuentra? 7.- Cannabináceas. ¿Para qué se utiliza el Humulus lupulus? ¿Qué parte de la planta es la que se utiliza? 8.- ¿Cómo se diferencian las Betuláceas de las Fagáceas? 9.- ¿Cuáles son y en qué provincias fitogeográficas crecen las especies nativas de esas dos familias? 10.- ¿Qué géneros de Betuláceas tienen sus flores femeninas reunidas en conos? 11.- ¿Qué géneros de Betuláceas tienen sus flores femeninas protegidas por una bráctea de consistencia herbácea? 12.- Fagáceas. Diferenciar los géneros Quercus y Castanea por sus amentos e involucro. 13.- Fagáceas: Diferenciar los géneros Fagus y Nothofagus por su flores masculinas e involucro. 14.- Realizar una clave dicotómica que permita diferenciar a las siguientes especies de Quercus: Q. suber, Q. palustris y Q. robur ¿A cuál de ellas pertenece el emblema de nuestra Universidad? 15.- En qué provincia fitogeográfica se distribuyen
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