University of New Hampshire University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository Doctoral Dissertations Student Scholarship Winter 1997 Systematics of the Hamamelidaceae based on morphological and molecular evidence Jianhua Li University of New Hampshire, Durham Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation Recommended Citation Li, Jianhua, "Systematics of the Hamamelidaceae based on morphological and molecular evidence" (1997). Doctoral Dissertations. 1997. https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation/1997 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Scholarship at University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. f INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. 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SYSTEMATICS OF THE HAMAMELIDACEAE BASED ON MORPHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR EVIDENCE BY JIANHUA LI B.S. Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China, 1984 M.S. Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China, 1987 DISSERTATION Submitted to the University of New Hampshire in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Plant Biology December, 1997 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. SYSTEMATICS OF THE HAMAMELIDACEAE BASED ON MORPHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR EVIDENCE BY JIANHUA LI B.S. Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China, 1984 M.S. Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China, 1987 DISSERTATION Submitted to the University of New Hampshire in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Plant Biology December, 1997 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. UMI Number: 9819680 UMI Microform 9819680 Copyright 1998, by UMI Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. UMI 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, MI 48103 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. This dissertation has been examined and approved. Dissertation Director, Dr. A. Linn Bogle Professor of Plant Biology Dr.//Garrett E s c r o w Professor of Plant Biology / Dr. Anita^?. Klein Associate Professor of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Dr. Thomas D. Lee Associate Professor of Plant Biology Dr. Leland S J J&hnke Associate Professor of Plant Biology '9 Dati Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. THIS DISSERTATION IS DEDICATED TO my parents and parents-in-laws Jinsheng and Yuolian Li & Jiabao and Yuozhao Zhang iii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I owe great indebtedness to my advisor, Professor Dr. A. Linn Bogle. Without his continuing encouragement, unreserved support, great understanding and consideration, I would not be able to finish this project. Dr. Anita S. Klein has been very supportive and generous to me technically and sometimes financially. I am indebted to her generosity and guidance. I would like to extend my sincere thanks to the other members of my dissertation committee, Dr. Garrett Crow, Dr. Tom Lee, and Dr. Lee Jahnke, who have made the course of my doctorate education a rich and rewarding experience. Thanks are extended to Dr. Tao Sang, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI for providing matK primers; Dr. Bruce Baldwin for technical advice; Donald Padgett for the conversations and friendship we shared as fellow graduate students in Plant Systematics; Joselle Germano and Danielle Friel for sharing lab space and technical assistance. The following people and their institutions deserve special thanks for helping me collect materials or sending me DNA for this study: Patricia Grady and Vinnie Simeone of the Planting Field Arboretum at Oyster Bay, Long Island, New York; Dr. Niangjun Chung, Forest Experimental Station, National University of Taiwan; Dr. Shumiaw Chaw, Botanical iv Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Institute, Academia Sinica, Taiwan; Dr. Tracy D. Omar, Washington University Arboretum, Seattle, WA; Chris Strand, Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University, Boston, MA; Dr. Rob Nicholson, Smith College, MA; Zhongchun Luo, Forest Bureau of Xinning County, Hunan, China; Dr. Peter K. Endress, Institute of Systematic Botany, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Dr. Yinlong Qiu, Indiana University; Dr. Leng Guan Saw, Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Kepong, Malaysia; Dr. Richard Saunders, University of Hong Kong; Dr. Armand Randrianasolo, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MI; Longwood Gardens, PA; Etienne A. Rakotobe, National Center for Pharmaceutical Research, Madagascar; Division of State Park, Hawaii. My sincere thanks also extend to the following Herbaria for allowing me to access specimens of the Hamamelidaceae, or loaning me specimens of the Hamamelidaceae for this study: Harvard University Herbaria, Missouri Botanical Garden, National Herbarium at the Smithsonian Institution, New York Botanical Garden, and Hong Kong Herbarium. My special thanks go to the Department of Plant Biology and the Graduate School of the University of New Hampshire for awarding me financial support in the form of Teaching and Research Assistantships, Travel Funds, Graduate School Summer Teaching Assistant Fellowships, Graduate Student Research Enhancement Funds, and a Dissertation Fellowship. Financial support for research from the Powers Fund is also greatly appreciated. v Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. My heartfelt thanks are extended to my wife Yuling and daughter Ran for their support, encouragement, and great companionship. I would also like to thank Mrs. M. Bogle for her hospitality and consideration to me and my family. She made us feel at home and warmly-loved. Finally, thanks are extended to many unnamed people who have offered me help in different ways and enriched my life in the University of New Hampshire. vi Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OF CONTENTS DEDICATION .................................................. iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ..............................................iv LIST OF TABLES ...............................................ix LIST OF FIGURES ...............................................X LIST OF APPENDICES ......................................... xiv ABSTRACT ..................................................... xv INTRODUCTION i-1. General Information of the Hamamelidaceae.......... 1 i-2. Brief History of Systematics of the Hamamelidaceae ..................................... 5 i-3. Systematics Problems of the Hamamelidaceae.........9 i-4. Parsimony Analysis and Molecular Systematics ....10 i-5. Objectives ........................................ 11 CHAPTER I. A PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF THE HAMAMELIDACEAE BASED ON MORPHOLOGICAL DATA 1.1. Introduction ...................................... 24 1.2. Materials and Methods..............................25 1.3. Results ........................................... 28 1.4. Discussion ........................................ 48 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction