Enjoy a sunset sail on a felucca returning from the botanical gardens on Lord Horatio Herbert Kitchener Island at Aswan. one of the ports of call of the Nile Goddess on the January AHS trip to Egypt and the Nile. AHSSTUDYTOURS Awon I way to go!

September 20-0ctober 3, 1990 dens in Savannah and Hilton Head. and the sig­ historic gardens. including the Manial Palace Gar­ nificant and historic gardens of Charleston . While dens in Caire and the botanical garden on Lord Castles and Gardens of Scotland cruising the Intracoastal Waterway you 'lI have op­ Horatio Herbert Kitchener Island at Aswan . Program In the Western Highlands of Argyll. see Culzen Park portunities to view splendid marshlands teeming leaders are Carolyn Marsh Lindsay and Bob Lind­ Castle and Crarae Woodland Gardens. Spend two with birds and wildlife. loin Carolyn and Bob Lind­ say. Mrs. Lindsay is a member of the AHS Board days at the Isle of Skye's Clan Donald Center. forty say on board this yacht cruise exploring the Colonial and the current AHS president. acres of woodland gardens and nature trails on the South . Mrs. Lindsay is the current AHS president. Leonard Haertter Travel Company grounds of Armadale Castle. Visit the highland gar­ Leonard Haertter Travel Company. 7922 Bonhomme Ave., dens at Inverewe before traveling on to Inverness 51. Louis. MO 63105 1800) 942-6666 lin Missouri, 314- and Edinburgh . You'll be welcomed by the castles' 721-6200). owners and guided by Everitt Miller, former director April 16-21, 1991 of Longwood Gardens and past AHS president. AHS Annual Meeting in Passages Unlimited, 2 Oli ver Street, Eighth Floor, Boston. MA 02 109 1800) 232 -2939. Birmingham January 23-February 5, 1991 Enjoy the beauty of Birmingham. Alabama. during Egypt and Nile Cruise the American Horticultural Society's 1991 Annual Explore the earliest of the Western civilizations and Meeting. Meeting tours will focus on Birmingham 's November 10- 17, 1990 the life-giving influence of the Nile River. The itin­ finest public and private gardens and gardening Gardens of the Colonial South erary includes Cairo, Luxor. and Abu Simbel as well classes and clinics will be held at the Birmingham Board the Nantucflet Clipper in Florida and travel north as a five-day cruise on the Upper Nile from Luxor Botanic Garden . Post-meeting tours will feature fab­ to old Southern gardens on Sea Island. private gar- to Aswan on board the Nile Goddess. Visit numerous ulous gardens of the South.

2 JUNE 1990 PhotQ Courtesy o f th e Egyptian To uri st Authori ry eric an Horticulturist Volume 69, Number 6 June 1990

ARTICLES Moving A Garden: The Horror! The Horror! By Peter Loewer ...... 12 When you relocate, think twice before taking your plants along for the ride. Gardening Where We Live By Ann Lovejoy ...... 16 To succeed as a gardener, know yo ur home territory. Gardens in America By Mirabel Osler ...... 22 A trip across our country through a British writer's imagination. Ethical Gardeners, Beautiful Plants By Jacqueline Heriteau ...... 28 We can wean ourselves from horticultural chemicals if we JUNE'S COVER make better informed choices at the nursery. Photographed by Jessie Harris The Birth of Botanica In this month's issue, three By Frank Good ...... 32 writers look at the diverse Wichitans lobbied hard for a municipal garden, and three American landscape, its var­ years later, still work hard to keep it growing. ied climate, and array of na­ tive and "tough" immigrant SHORT FEATURES plants for a clue to defining Advice From River Farm/Stalking Your Elusive Dream Plant ...... 38 the American garden. Here, Plant Profiles/Corydalis: High Praise, Low Availability ...... 40 fleabane, lupines, and Indian paintbrush color the slopes of DEPARTMENTS Rendezvous Mountain in Wy­ Commentruy ...... 4 oming's Teton Monntains. Letters ...... i Book Reviews...... 9 Classifieds ...... 43 Pronunications ...... 46

EDFI'OR: Kathleen Fisher. ASSISTANT EDITOR: Mary Beth Wiesner. EDITORIAL ASSISTANT: Martha Palenno. DESIGN DIRECTOR: Ellen Cohen. MEMBERSHIP DIRECTOR: Kathleen B. Amberger. ADVERTISING: American Hortieultural Society Advertising ];)epartment, 80 South Early Street, Mexandria, VA 22304, telephone (703) 823-6966. COLOR SEPARATIONS: Chroma· Graphics, Inc. EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD: Dr. Gerald S. Barad, Flemington, N] ; Dr. Harrison Flint, West Lafayette, lL'l; Peter Loewer, Biltmore Station, NC; Dr. Elizabeth McClintock, San Francisco, CA; Frederick McGourty, Norfolk, CT; Janet M. Poor, WiMetka; IL; Maire Simington, Phoenix, AZ; Jane Steffey, Sykesville, MD; Dr. James E. Swasey, Newark, DE; Philip E. Chandler, Santa Monica, CA. Replacement issues of AMERlCAN HORTICULT1JRJST are available at a cost of S2.50 per copy. The opinions expressed in the articles that appear in AMERlCAN HORTICULTURlST are those of the authors and are not necessarily those of the Swiety. Botanical nomenclature in AMERlCAN MORTICULTURIST is based on HORl'US l'HlRD. Manuscripts, ru1 work, and photographs sent for possible publication will be returned if they are accompanied by a self·addressed, stamped envelope. We caMot guarantee the safe return of unsolicited material. AMERlCAN HORTlCUlifURIST, ISSN 0096·4417, is the official publication of the Am.,ican Horticultural Sooiety, 7931 East Boulevard Drive, Alexandria, Virginia 22308, (703) 768· 5700, and is issued six times a year as a magazine and six times a year as a news edition. The American Horticultural Society is a nonprofit organization dedicated to excellence in horticulture. Membership in the Society includes a subSCription to AMERlCAN HORTICULllURlST. National membership dues are S3;; two years are s60. Foreigu dues are 545. S12 of dues are deSignated for AMERICAN HORTICULTURlST. Copyright © 1990 by the American Horticultural Society. Second·c1ass postage paid at Alexandria, Virginia, and at additional mailing offices. Postmaster: Please send Fonn 3579 to AMERlCAN HORTICULTURIST, 793 1 East Boulevard Drive, Alexandria, VA 22308.

AMERICAN HORTICULTURIST 3 American Horticultural Society Cnmmentary Officers 1989-1990 Mrs. Carolyn Marsh Lindsay Rochester, New York President Mr. John H. Whitworth Jr. hat a time to be alivtl! This has New York, New York First Vice President to be the "Year of the Gar­ Mrs. John M. Maury W dener." Imagine having our very Washington, D.C. own President George Bush unveil a na­ Second Vice President tional tree planting initiative as part of his Mr. Richard C. Angino Harrisburg, Pennsylvania budget proposal to Congress for fiscal year Secretary 1991. The $630 million initiative, namtld Mr. Richard J. Hutton "America the Beautiful," calls in part for West Grove, Pennsylvania Treasurer planting, improving, and preserving a bil­ Mr. Eve~itt L. Miller lion trees per year. Thirty million trees are Kennett Square, Pennsylvania to be planted by volunteers in urban areas. Immediate Past President The program would provide technical and Board of Dir€Gt<'>rs financial assistance for the planting and Mr. Richard C. Angino maintenance of these community trees. Harrisburg, Pennsylvania I was in Tortola, British Virgin Islands, when the announcement came. Mr. George Ball Jr. West Gaicago, Illinois I thought someone had misread the zeros. Millions of dollars devoted to Dr. SheIran Blair trees is an exciting program! I needed to read it with my own eyes. Columbus, Ohio Well, my friends, what do we do? First, if you haven't already done Mrs. Benjamin P. Bole Jr. Cleveland, Ohio it, thank the President, and let every member of Congress know how Dr. Henry M. Ca~hey thrilled we are with the news. Let thtlm know that they have our total Washington, D.C. support. Smile when they tell you "new" truths about tn~ es that we Mr. Russell B. Clark gardeners have known for years. Resist the temptation to tell them that Bost0n, Massachusetts Mrs. Erastus Corning II of course trees will cool our urban heat islands and reduce energy con­ Albany, New Yo~k sumption, and that every dog and two-year-old child knows that it is Mrs. Ann Lyon Crammond cooler under a tree! Atlanta, GeoJ'gia Mr. Edward N. Dane Next, how can your American Horticultural Society help? You may Boston, MassaGausetts have thought that this news "leaked" to us last summer as we were Mrs. Beverley White Dunn planning this year's Williamsburg Garden Symposium. We needed to Birmingham, Alabama Mr. K. Albert Ebinger know the best tr€€s to plant and there was Bill Flemer, "Mr. Tree" himself, Boxford, Massachuscms right there to tell us. Jim van Sweden showed us examples of the great Mr. Richard J. Hutton strides that cities have made in creating "user-friendly" spaces. West Grove, Pennsylvania A portion of our Annual Meeting will focus on Seattle's famous "Free­ Mr. Stephen F. Keating Wayzata, Minnesota way Park." It is right downtown just a few blocks from our hotel. The Mr. David M. Lilly huge size and flourishing plants are spectacular, but the sight of the park St. Paul, Minnesota cantilevered over the freeway will just blow your mind! We will hear how Mrs. Carolyn Marsh Lindsay Rochester, New ~ork it all got accomplished and talk to Betty Miller, the great lady who specified Mrs. John M. Maury the plants. Washington, D.G. The people who attend our me€tings are all great sources of success Mr. Elvin McDonald Brooklyn, New York stories. They love to share the details necessary to get the job done. Timing Mr. Everitt L. Miller and what not to do, shared by fellow gardeners, are invaluable. We hope Kennett Square, Pennsylvania you will join us. AHS makes a conscious effort to achieve a balanced Mts. Jane Scarff geographical rotation for the site of our Annual Meetings in order to New Carlisle, Ohio Mr. Andre Viette focus on special horticultural resources in the various regions of our Fishersville, ViFginia beautiful country, and to take advantage of major new developm€nts in Mrs. Helen Fulcher Walutes American horticulture whenever possible. We also hope to encourage Mount Vernon, Virginia Mr. John H. Whitworth Jr. members to attend every several years without undue financial burden. New York, New York Your entire Board of Directors and I are anxious to see you all, to hear Mrs. Jean Verity Woodhull your latest triumphs, and to learn what you would like your AHS to do, Dayton, Ohio as we experience some of thtl most beautiful scenery in the world. Executive Director Wait until President Bush hears that the gardeners of America are Mr. Frank L. Robinson already looking forward to sharing their knowledge to make his program a reality!

Carolyn Marsh Lindsay AHS President

4 JUNE 1990 'GARDIN fllDIR IT'S 100% AUTOMATIC I Feeds up to 1250 sq. ft. in 12 Minutes~(. No Suction Tube - No Strainer - No Measuring - No Mixing - No Stirring It even cleans itself, automatically!

It's Hydraulic Powered. Featured on National TV food , even after several months in storage. Nothmg to go wrong! with James Whitmore When you are ready to use it again, just attach your garden hose and start feeding . The Other hose-end garden feeders depend on Miracle-Gro is just as good as new. vacuums and suction tubes. But as you know from sad experience, vacuums fail Use your No-Clog Feeder with and suction tubes clog. Miracid or Miracle-Gro Lawn Food The new Miracle-Gro Garden Feeder Now it's easier than ever to feed your lawn works on an entirely different engineering and your evergreens. The No-Clog Feeder is principle . . . hydraulic power! There are no designed for use with all Stern's water soluble suction tubes to clog .. . no vacuums to fail plant foods . DO NOT use the Feeder to dis­ .. . nothing to go wrong. pense other brands of fertilizers , or insecti­ Feeds 1250 sq. ft. lawn cides or herbicides. The proportioning device or 50 big tomato plants is not designed for these products! in just 12 minutes· Now, Pre-measured in handy Other hose-end feeders can't dispense re-Ioad packets more than 15 tablespoons of plant food to Just drop in and spray on! the jar... enough for just 150 square feet. No Mixing. No Measuring. There's no measuring, no That's the maximum concentration of plant Pour any amount of dry mixing, no mess. Now avail­ food that can pass up the suction tube able in the Sib. size package without clogging. Miracle-Gro into jar. of Miracle-Gro All Purpose The Miracle-Gro No-Clog Feeder is to­ With the No-Clog Feeder, you just pour Plant Food, Miracle-Gro tally different. There's no pre-mixing. You dry Miracle-Gro into the jar.. . No mixing, Lawn Food, Miracid, and in put dry plant food in the jar-as much as no measuring, no stirring. The No-Clog many areas, Miracle-Gro you like, up to 50 tablespoons. Hydraulic Feed~r fills itself with water automatically for Roses and Tomatoes. power dissolves the plant food automati­ and proportions the solution perfectly (one cally as you need it, in proper proportion­ tablespoon to one gallon of water) for FREE! One pound of Miracle-Gro creating an ideal fertilizer solution. The No­ flowers , vegetables, shrubs, evergreens, packed in every No-Clog Feeder Clog Feeder is totally effective dispensing foundation plants, trees , lawns, whatever Also complete easy-to-follow directions any amount of plant food-from 2 to 50 you grow. printed on sturdy card for easy reference. tablespoons. No job too big or too small. How it works Makes it easier than ever Hydraulic pressure drives a tiny high­ to feed with Miracle-Gro powered jet of water into the jar... mixes and proportions the plant food and water Use the No-Clog Feeder with all varieties automatically. Then it forces the concen­ of MiraeJe-Gro (All-Purpose, Lawn Food, trated mixture out of the jar into the power­ Tomato, or Rose Food), as well as Miracid. ful mainstream of water. The nozzle con­ Use it any time your plants need feeding. verts the stream into a gentle-as-rain spray Eliminates need for costly pattern .. . can't burn plants. Lawn-Feeding Services Cleans itself automatically Because N0-Clog Feeder treats large When most of the fertilizer has been dis­ areas so thoroughly, so quickly, so easily, pensed; when only a few undissolved crystals homeowners have no need for expensive remain in the jar, it's telling you that the plant professional lawn feedings. food is almost completely used up . To clean *With normal water pressure out the remaining crystals, just turn the No­ Clog Feeder upside-down while the water is still running. Give the jar a slight twist to allow air to enter the jar. While you continue feeding your plants, the jar will empty and flush itself clean. It's all automatic. No mess. No waste. No left-overs. You use only what you need. What to do with left over Miracle-Gro? Just store it wet in the feeder jar so it's ready-to-use next time, Wet storage will not harm the plant

AMERICAN HORTICULTURIST 5 July 13 & 14, 1990 Giverny Revisited Angino Gardens 1890 1990 Harrisburg, PA

Friday Night • Wine Tasting • French Cabaret

Saturday A French Country Picnic • Food • Dancing • Art • Wonderous Gardens • Walking Tours

Featuring: Gtwrges Perrier Head Chef

Elizabeth Murray Author Monet's Passion Saturday- $125 Sponsorships Available- $500 - $1000 Tami Swartz For the Whole Picture Call (717) 766-0914 Juilliard Period Music Proceeds Benefit the Fight Against Leukemia Letters

as a speaker at our annual convention a TYING GROUPS TOGETHER few years before he died. I was always As a former member of the Board and a amused at the way he chided the garden very interested member of the American club ladies who strove to get blue ribbons Horticultural Society, I am extremely cog­ at the daffodil shows! nizant of the goals and the direction of I used to send notes on his green note AHS. I must tell you that you are doing cards with the block printed designs and an excellent job of publishing American am delighted that you have some available. Horticulturist. I am so pleased to see the The charcoal drawing is great! magazine improve edition by edition. It Wells Knierim has become meaty, full of information and Cleveland, Ohio good articles that are of interest to a wide public. I believe every horticultural organ­ Your article on my uncle Ben Morrison in ization needs to have a publication that is the February American Horticulturist is worthy to be read, that one anticipates, most interesting and covers his career quite that is working to build information not thoroughly. His personal life was equally only for the lay gardener but for those who complicated. Ben was the oldest of three wish to go a dimension beyond. children of Lisle and Isabel Fechtig Mor­ Your article on "A Noah's Ark for En­ rison and after 1937, a great deal of his dangered Plants" was absolutely excellent, time and energy-and I suspect a good deal and the article on "Proven Performers"­ of money-were spent on the care of his a series by the plant authorities from plant brother, Louis Keith Morrison, who had societies-was a wonderful contribution suffered a coronary thrombosis. Without to horticulture as well as to the magazine. his support I doubt that my mother could I look forward to other articles of that have managed my father at all. Ben took my nature. I hope in the future AHS can work father into his home and provided a thera­ even more closely with other organiza­ pist for many months. And my father at that tions, tying all these groups together and time was not an easy man to deal with. representing as a whole the direction of Along with his charm for adults, you horticulture and conservation in our country. should have added that young people also Janet Poor enjoyed Ben. I spent a good many happy Glencoe, Illinois hours with him "helping" in his garden some distance down the hill from the res­ o Please send me a free catalog. Janet Poor is chairman of the board of the idence he shared with his parents. o Please send me 100 Mammoth Chicago Botanic Garden. As a clearing­ I am delighted to know that his work is Darwin Hybrid Tulips for $19.95. house of information for all of American still recognized and valued. o Payment enclosed: ____ horticulture, we are striving to bring more Elizabeth M. Shea o 01arge to: 0 Master Can:! 0 VISA attention to national and regional plant Pensacola, Florida Acct. No.: ______societies, botanic gardens, and other hor­ Exp. Date: ______ticultural organizations through features on the groups themselves and news items CONCERN FOR THE Name: on their activities. We hope to forge closer TROPICS Mailing Address: ______ties with all of them! I was particularly pleased that you were able to include the sidebar article on "A Shipping Address: ______Sister Garden" with Marcia Bonta's piece MORE ON MORRISON on the University of Califomia Botanical City: ______Congratulations on your article on B. Y. Garden in your February issue. The Jun­ Morrison in the February issue! As a long iata Valley Audubon Sociery here in cen­ State: _____ Zip: _____ time daffodil devotee and a long-past pres­ tral Pennsylvania is trying to build support Phone Number: ______ident of the American Daffodil Society (I for the Wilson Botanical Garden featured followed George Lee who was the editor in that sidebar, and it is urging nature or­ Val1 €l1SdCl1 ll1c. of your Daffodil Handbook in 1966), I was ganizations, garden clubs, and anyone Stillbrook Farm a great admirer of B. Y. We were fortunate concerned about international environ­ 313 Maple Street, Litchfield, CT 06759 to have the daffodil handbook dedicated mental issues to join our "Support a Costa (203) 567-8734 to him at its publication and to have him Rican Garden" program.

AMERICAN HORTICULTURIST 7 Readers of American Horticulturist who ... a treasury of cold-hardy share our concerns for tropical horticul­ hard-to-find perennials for tural issues and want to learn more about fr1h IHI~- ~ the excellent work of the garden should your pleasure ...... ~ ~I __~ contact me (P.O. Box 68, Tyrone, PA 16686, [814] 684-3113) or write directly to the Wilson Botanical Garden, Apartado 35, San Vito, Coto Brus, Costa Rica. Sup­ ~ porters will receive the English-language quarterly "Amicus Newsletter," published ~ by the garden's staff. Bruce Bonta Tyrone, Pennsylvania

Unique double CLEMATIS (AGAIN!) glazing• option In regard to the debate about the pro­ ASTILBE Quality nunciation of "clematis" in the February Over 85 Varieties letters column: a few years ago I read a Redwood Greenhouses little poem that I memorized-more or less. • Wide variety of designs and sizes plus custom sizes to fit Its literary merit may be very much in doubt, special needs. but its point is succinct: • Garden·Sun Room design in Busse Gardens many sizes, too. Because it grows on lattice, "The Minnesota Perennial People" • Unique prefabrication, easy to erect. The hoi polloi say clem-AT-is; • Greenhouse accessories and Rt. 2 - Box 238-J equipment. But Webster won't desist Cokato. MN 55321 • Factory-direct prices, freight prepaid. Until they say CLEM-a-tis. • 35 years experience. (612) 286-2654 I've never pronounced it incorrectly since. Send for free color cetelog. Catalog $2.00 - Deduct on first order Dewey Owens turdi-built Wappingers Falls, New York ~ Greenhouse Manufacturing Co. Dept. AH, 11304 SW Boones Ferry Rd ., Portland, OR 97219 (503) 244-4100

Never AHS MEMBERSHIP SERVICES miss nature's Your satisfaction with our member service is very important to us. If you have a question or problem concerning your membership, please contact the Mem­ best performances! bership Department for assistance. Join readers of "Gardens & You can help by giving complete information when you call or write. Please Countl)'sides" and receive the refer to the five digit number which is on the mailing label on your magazine only international travel journal or news edition. The number helps us to quickly identify your membership written jar garden enthusiasts record for corrections. by garden enthusiasts. You 'll visit private English cot­ tage gardens and unspoiled CHANGING YOUR ADDRESS? Tirolean alpine meadows as Please allow 6-8 weeks advance notice. Attach a mailing label in the space provided well as national treasures like (or write in your old address) then fill in your new address on the lines below. Japan's secret gardens of Kyoto. Discover who's who and what's where in the world's Old Address: Member # ______countl)'sides, plus tips on how Name ______and when to enjoy nature at Address ______her best. One year (ten issues) City ______State ______Zip ______just $57 (regularly $75). 1-800-531-5314 New Address: VISA/MC or check Name ______Address ______r9arden~& City ______State ______Zip ______\..AJUntryslues Dept. E, 401 Austin Hwy., Ste. 209 San Antonio, TX 78209 Mail to: Membership Services, American Horticultural Society, 7931 East Boulevard Drive, Alexandria, Virginia 22308

8 JUNE 1990 Book Reviews

AN,OAK SPRING SYLVA: stances in its production, and people as­ books about trees, touches us with the im­ A Selection of the Rare Books sociated with the work. Details about many portance of history, and whets our appetite on Trees in the Oak Spring of the books include valuable observations for the other volumes-on fruit, flowers, Garden Library on the illustrations. Artists, engravers, and garden design, and other horticultural top­ Sandra Raphael. Yale University Press, printers all receive their due. ics-still to come in this series. In the first section we share a Napo­ New Haven, Connecticut, 1989. 147 Keith Crotz pages. Color drawings. Publisher's price, leonic snub. The first four volumes of hardcover: $40.00. AHS member price: Nouveau Duhamel, printed berween 1800 $33.95. and 1819, were dedicated to Napoleon's first wife, Josephine. But it was Emperor What was the first American tree to amaze Francis I of Austria, the father of his sec­ the gardeners of Europe? Do you want to ond wife, Marie-Louise, to whom the Lit­ know the details of the first book devoted tle Corporal gave a set following their mar­ to oak trees? This is the book garden bib­ riage in 1810. And the set in the Oak Spring liophiles have been waiting for. Sandra Ra­ Garden Library is the very set! phael guides us on a unique tour of forty­ The first four titles in "American Trees" six books and prints devoted to trees in were published in Europe and trace the the Oak Spring Garden Library collected keen interest Europeans had in trees from by Rachel Lambert (Mrs. Paul) Mellon on the New World. Christopher Gray's Cat­ an estate in Upperville, Virginia. alogue lists those trees and shrubs that ac­ The book's design, paper, printing, and climated to the climate of England. The binding attest to the care and devotion plants are those collected by Mark Catesby expended on this collection. Printed on acid­ when he lived in America. New plants of free paper with rwenty-rwo color and nu­ America's interior-post oak (Quercus merous black-and-white photographs, An stellata), Illinois hickory (Carya illinoi­ Oak Spring Sylva provides a history of nensis), and the American horse chestnut trees in a well-conceived plan. (Aesculus octandra)-are described in the first tree book published in America. Ar­ John E. Bryan. Timber Press, Portland, bustrum Americanus: The American Grove Oregon, 1989. Two volumes, 451 pages. is an alphabetical catalog of forest trees Color photographs. Publisher's price, and shrubs of the United States. The de­ hardcover (both volumes, not sold mand for knowledge of American trees was separately): $120.00 AHS member price: so great that both French and German edi­ $101.95. tions were published. The third section contains a sampling of These rwo volumes took ten years to pre­ books devoted to a particular type of tree. pare, and they are extensive. Volume I has Willows, oaks, dogwoods, acacias, and even eight chapters covering basic principles Fe­ mulberry trees are represented. The num­ lated to all flower "bulbs." It includes his­ ber of books devoted to the mulberry tree torical aspects, nomenclature, propaga­ was truly amazing. Americans experi­ tion, cultivation, uses in the landscape, mented for more than 200 years trying to forcing, and pests. It also covers the genera 1NC A~ O-,K s"Il produce silk in this country only to learn starting with Achimenes and ending with SYlVA that until 1830, they had the wrong tree. Hypoxis. Volume II starts with Ipheion Planting, the final section, illustrates the and concludes with Zygadenus. The vol­ s",poI'PS " .",,,,,,£.1- \ j " various methods used berween 1669 and ume has ten appendices covering such top­ 1828 to grow, train, plant, and transplant ics as common names, heights, colors, har­ trees. John Evelyn's Sylva or Discourse of diness, and cut flowers. There is also a Divided into four sections-Trees, Forest Trees contains instructions for re­ glossary and biblography. American Trees, Individual Trees, and moving stumps. Several titles provide dia­ There are 300 color plates in clusters Planting-each of the sections is then at­ grams of great engines for removing large throughout the volume. Unfortunately, they ranged in chronological order. A biblio­ specimens while others are practical essays are not located adjacent to the respective graphic description of the title is followed on planting large tracts of land to trees. genera description. Thus, one must search by pagination, binding style, and number Anyone interested in trees, gardens, or for the individual photos. In addition, the of plates. A short narrative outlines how the history of books will find this volume genus text does not give a page number or a book received its title, unusual circum- exciting. It serves as a model for collecting indication of whether a photo is in the

AMERICAN HORTICULTURIST 9 book. This is a major shortcoming of the volumes. The photos are focused on spe­ cific genera and species. They do not cover a wide range of cultivars, e.g., tulips or narcissus. There are, of course, thousands D~11l~l~S of these being marketed, Get more ... Nevertheless, these volumes represent ~or y~~w an enormous undertaking and provide an money by Bonus P\ant ac\\n~" overview of the diversity of flowering bulbs. FREE "Big Nam$20 00 or more) P\US ders of on\Y . To the best of my knowledge, there is no (on or other single source available that covers this information. I feel that John Bryan has Get dazzling Golor and enviable gorgeous blooms THIS SUMMER, achieved his objective of writing a com­ or make your home floral arrangement excitingly beautiful with WILD's prehensive treatise on "bulbs." guaranteed top quality, magnificent Daylilies. A rare and limited oppor­ tunity, so select your old favorites and choose from the glamorous new The question is: Are these volumes for varieties, all at 1/3 off prices shown (min. order $10), plus $3.50 packing and handling charge. Order NOW! All orders must be received by April 30, 1991. the average gardener? I would say no. These volumes were intended for the bulb spe­

Cat. Price Cat. Price Cat. Price cialist, professional writer, educator, and, o ABSTRACT ART M Ae o FLAMING POPPA Tet ML Ae OE o MOVIE MAKER ML Ae OE 5-112" of course, libraries. There are other general Bitone, coral amber & buff . . .2.25 Velvety Ilame red . . ... 3.00 sparkling creped medium pink ..... 3.00 o AMERICAN BELLE EM Ae OE o GARDINERS ISLAND M Ae OE VF o MYSTERY VALLEY ML Ae gardening books on bulbs that are rea­ 6" lavender pink. deeper halo ..... 7.00 6-112" brilliant clear greenish yellow 4.00 Smooth coral pink ...... 3.00 o AMERICAN FOLK LIFE E OE o GEORGE CALEB BINGHAM M Ev OE F o MY WAYS EM Ae OE sonably priced and readily available, and Huge smokey orchid pink ...... 5.00 7-a" pink blend ...... 2.50 Velvety ruffled bluish red ...... 4.00 those are still the best sources for the av­ o ANNIE WELCH EM Ae OE o GOLDEN FLUTE M-ML OE o NEW NOTE M Ae OE Blush pink, sunlast . . ... 2.25 5-112" light gold. lavender rib . . .6.00 .5 " bright velvety cranberry red .... 6.00 erage home gardener . o BELLE ISLE ML 5·112" o GUITAR STREET EM Ae OE o PARADE GUEST M lovely pastel, chartreuse heart ..... 2.50 4-112" bright dark red ...... 4.00 7-a" long blooming rose pink ...... 3.00 August A. DeHertogh o BELLS APPEALING Tet EM Ae OE 7·a" o HAIDEE M Ae OE o PILOTLIGHT EM-M Ae OE medium light yellow, green heart .. . 5.00 7-a" clear peach, gold heart ...... 3 .50 Lavender pink, large lemon heart .. 2.50 o BELL TOWER EM Ae OE o HAPPY INTERLUDE M Ae OE o PINK SPARKLER M OE T" pink, lemon lime heart ...... 3.50 6" azalea pink ...... 2 .50 5-6" dusty light rose pink ...... 4.00 o BREAKAWAY Tet M o HOLIDAY HAPPINESS EM Ae 6- 7" o PUFF M OE Auffled Buffy copper-orange . . .3.00 clear bright red , chartreuse heart .. 6.00 orchid pink; chartreuse throat ..... 3.00 i ~ M I R ABE LOs L E Rl/ o BREAKOUT EM·ML Ae OE o ICE CREAM PARLOR M o REBEL BOY EM Ae OE Black Auffled , large velvety deep wine red 3.00 5" pale creamy peach, lavender rib 3.00 wine red , tiny chartreuse heart .... 3.00 o CAPE COD EM Ae OE o JIMS PICK EM-M Ae OE 7" o SAVORY ML Ae OE Auffled, deep wine red ...... 3.00 blended deep rose, tangerine heart 7.00 6·114" velvety deep rich magenta . .a .oo o CARIBBEAN SKY M Ae OE o JOLLY HEARTS Tet EM Ae OE o STAGECOACH INN EM OE Light melon brushed rose . . ... 2.50 Velvety smooth cherry red ...... 3.00 7·a" light yellow pink ...... 3.50 1 ~9~ I o CHAR LIES ANGELS M Ae OE o JUST FOR YOU LM OE 7-112" huge o TIJUANA M Ae OE 6-112" rose pink blend . .3.00 pale orange yellow, mellows cream 3.00 Aose red with green-yellow heart .. 3.00 o CHARTREUSE MAGIC M OE o LITTLE LOVE ML Ae o TIMELESS M Re OE Lemon yellow bloom ..... 2.50 Excellent small melon; green heart 2.25 a" muted ivory flesh peach ...... 3.00 I p~ 1 o CUP OF SUGAR ML o LOOK ONCE AGAIN Tet M Ae OE o WALLY NANCE EM Re OE 5" cream or primose .3.00 Extremely ruffled light orange ..... 5.00 Velvety bright ruby red, green heart 4.50 o CUP RACE M Ae o MAGIC WORD M o WHIR OF LACE ML Salmon pink with light gold heart .. 2.25 Lovely creped pale yellow ...... 2.50 5-6" grapefruit yellow ...... 2.50 o ERUPTION ML o MATEUSEM o WINE TIME EM Ev OE Auffled , velvety cherry red ...... 3.00 Auffled rose wine ...... 3.00 Velvety deep wine red ...... 3 .00 FEATHER DOWN ML MEADOW MORN M Ae OE Apricot, YOUNG COUNTESS M Re iI C~ ;::::::·::: o o o Light cream , dusted peach . .5.00 pink, gold, cantaloupe blend ...... 3.00 4-112" pale orchid pink ...... 2.25 II Jl ·,,:,1.11·/ •..I'ml,Pt, ill_ I.. "" ullu"~ of ,,,, ... 1 ~/t.d."" d., •• 11 EACH PLANT LABELLED ~II'''''~ Ii, J.I~ I pi ""no, 9."-".''''

TJi I! tN CH ANrloll!N T OF T a r es, EASY TO GROW GUARANTEED SAFE DELIVERY V I (:A IIIO I,; S GA II OIi!'< I :.r(i ~ I! ,l ~ "',.:r r t o.' tit s . BEAUTIFUL TO SHOW Wild's plants are true to name and guaranteed delivered safe. C. HI1DHO O O ' C lON T S, Wild's ships only large, sturdy, well-cared-for and healthy plants KEY TO ABBREVIATIONS: ready to take root and produce profuse blooms. E-Early; Ev-Evergreen; EM-Early Mid; M-Midseason; ML-Mid Late; SEND NOW FOR OUR L-Late; OE-Opens Evenings; Re­ 92-PAGE COLOR CATALOG Reblooming; F-Fragrant; Tet­ Choose from more than 1300 varieties of Tetraploid . Peonies and Daylilies. Catalog shows many in full color and gives timely A GENTLE PLEA FOR CHAOS ANY $15.00 $10 planting tips and instructions. Sent FREE WORTH ...... ONLY with minimum $10 order... or send only Mirabel Osler, Simon and Schuster, New Any $22.50 worth, $15; any $30 worth. $2.00 for catalog (deductible on your first York, 1989. 176 pages. Color $20, etc. Min. order $15 worth lor $10. catalog order). Add $3.50 pkg . & hdlg . photographs. Publisher's price, NO C.O.D.'S PLEASE hardcover: $22.95. AHS member price: BONUS PLANTS $19.50. We will send these magnificent Day­ ,..------,GILBERT H. WILD &. SON, INC . lilies FREE on net cash order total­ I AH-690 Joplin SI., Sarcoxie, MO 64862-0338 I Those who aspire to become garden writ­ ing only: I 0 Please send varieties checked. I enclose I ers may want to avoid this book: they will $20 .00 Order, GEORGE CALEB BINGHAM $ (1 /3 off total order at prepaid prices $30 .00 Order, MATEUS I shown) plus $3.50 pkg. & hdlg. charge. Send FREE I eat their hearts out. But for anyone who catalog and any EARNED FREE PLANT. Missouri $40 .00 Order. MY WAYS I residents add 6.05% sales tax to order. I finds that the ultimate reading experience $50.00 Order, FEATHER DOWN 0 Enclosed is $2 for 92-page Color Catalog only I L...______....I (deductible on first catalog order). is the "click" of recognition in a mutual I experience, the nodding of the head at a " WE WILL NEVER I NAME I COMPROMISE QUALITY FOR long-held observation crystalized on the ST.lR.FD. PRICE" I I page: it doesn't get much better than this. CITY STATE - ZIP - ..I L This is an instance where the author's ------British base is a non-issue. Among this col- 10 JUNE 1990 lection of essays there were a few unfa­ archy," she struggles to absorb and admire miliar common names, and it seemed odd the dimensions and formality of Versailles. to hear anyone waxing poetic over that Osler claims self-effacingly not to know ball-dropping pest, the American sweet gum the names of her plants, so that one is tree. But the subtitle is "The Enchantment astonished, on a second browse-through, of Gardening," and Osler is seeking to to see that she has named hundreds. Yet change how we plant, not what we plant. her thirst for knowledge is wide-ranging She wants to see more sensuality and less and contagious. Her homage to historic orderliness; more time to marvel at the plant collectors reconnects our suburban kingfisher's return to the pond and less flower beds to that lineage of adventurers; time dead-heading the cranes bills. her paeans to other garden writers and Among the targets of her wit-in ad­ botanical illustrators beckon one to the dition to lawns ("I equate making lawns library. with washing up. You needn' t be told But while the reader may learn some twice.") and the editors of certain garden­ new facts and discover some new plants, ing publications ("The author mentions a this is a book to pick up for rejuvenation cauliflower, so there has to be a photo­ on those days when gardening is what Os­ graph of one displayed on linen ... " )-is ler describes as "masochistic perversity" a group of gardeners she calls the Penste­ and "pure tedious hell," because, after all, mon Ladies: "Pettifogging their way from "There can be no other occupation like clump to clump, their eyes seeing subtleties gardening in which, if you were to creep and refinements that had passed me by up behind someone at their work, you completely. Where I had been looking at would find them smiling." You are likely a heavenly rampage of mottled and frec­ to be caught with that same expression kled flowers in a herbaceous border, they while reading A Gentle Plea for Chaos. had been looking at a conundrum. 'Is that Kathleen Fisher penstemon 'King George' or 'Schoenhol­ zeria'? 'Oh, it must be 'Evelyn', surely. Would one of them at any moment mutter Keith Crotz owns and operates fitfully about that winey-blue beauty known American Botanist, Booksellers, a as 'Sour Grapes'? I moved forward hope­ Chillicothe, Illinois, firm specializing in fully. Discussion followed, animated and rare and out-of-print books on intense, and like a foreigner I couldn't grasp horticulture. 11000ta 'fQANCEE' the language." fancy 11000ta • Tree Peonie.

Book Order Form Please send me the following books at the special AHS member prices.

o An Oak Spring Sylva Sandra Raphael ...... $33.95 D VISA D MasterCard Exp. Date ---­ Send $4.00 for your 1990 Full Color Catalog YAL 001 (fully refundable with first order) Acct. # ______o Bulbs John E. Bryan ..... ~ ...... $101.95 TIM 002 Signature ______o A Gentle Plea for Chaos Mirabel Osler ...... $19.50 Ship to: ______SlM 020 I would like to order books. Street: ______Please add $2.50 per book for postage and handling. Virginia residents, also add 41/2% Ciry: ______sales tax. Please allow six weeks for delivery.

o Enclosed is my check for $___ _ State: _____ Zip: ______Route 5, Box 197 AH Penny Roed South Barrfngton, illinois 60010-9570 MAIL TO: AHS Books, 7931 East Boulevard 'Drive, Alexandria, VA 22308. Call Toll Free 1-800·553·3715

AMERJCAN HORTICULTURIST 11 Story by Peter Loewer Illustrations by Jean Jenkins

MOVING ~ GARDEN

e planned the move so the Rosa moyesii I grew from seed, which well. Weeks before that had flowered the previous summer of '89, fatal day, we con­ although it produced no hips, would stay tracted a moving firm, - behind. The Acanthus mol/is that I bought debated how many in a weak moment back in '82-a moment plants would risk the journey from Co­ The when I talked myself into believing that checton Center, New York (a cold Zone the Catskills were warming up-and by 5), to Asheville, North Carolina (a happy dint of mulching and continual fussing, Zone 7), and asked for a delivery of many, Horror! kept alive and actually prodded into flow­ many boxes. My wife Jean drew a plan of ering twice, would also stay. The quince our new home including both floors plus tree would be left as would all of the scree the existent (but in disrepair) seven-by­ bed inhabitants, including a charming dwarf seven-foot potting shed, the once garage The Japanese maple of uncertain ancestry whose and now spare room (we call it the stone roots plunged so deep it would be impos­ room), and the contracted-for greenhouse. sible to dig up, especially in November. For weeks we consulted about these plans. I also left plants that I realized were too Jean made paper cutouts of the furniture Horror! large to safely transport without the ben­ we planned to take along and we pushed efit of specialists. That meant bidding the little models from one end of the graph farewell to my fifteen-Yf:lar-old weeping paper to the other, taking pages of notes birch (Betula pendula 'Youngii') and my as we did so. beautiful weeping white pine (Pinus stro­ I did the same with the garden. My wife's - bus 'Pendula'), a tree I bought as a young aunt and uncle, who lived in Asheville, sent Picking the Plants to Move cutting and which had produced its first me drawings of what could be seen of the Outside in our old garden, I mused over cones the previous summer. garden around our new home. In Septem­ possible choices and marked the plants I ber 1989 I went down to North Carolina wished to move with yellow twist-ties left and made copious notes abo\:lt any pos­ over from the boxes and boxes of plastic Winter Approaches sible bare spots that might be ready to trash bags we consumed during the wf:leks It gets cold in the Catskills in November. receive plants from up north. preceding the move. Before the movers ar­ In fact, the first flush of winter is felt in Space would be limited. The new garden rived, I planned to bag some twenty-five late August or early September when the was only one acre and already planted with plants-the chosen few. night air that flows down the mountain­ a host of shrubs, wildflowers, and unusual How to choose? There were hundreds sides is already as chill as the breath of the perennials that the last owner had col­ of plants in our old garden, many of them average ghost. lected over a period of twenty years. But raised from seed obtained from the various "Don't worry about the cold," my Car­ it was so neglected that in September, it rock garden societies and the seed ex­ olina uncle said. "It never gets too cold resembled the perennial border around the changes of the Hardy Plant Society and before December here." Munster home; the only thing missing was our own American Horticultural Society. The movers planned on a giant truck for a perpetual dark cloud overhead. The selection was catholic and included our household belongings and a smaller In addition to business records, house­ many ornamental grasses yet to hit the big truck to carry the plants - both greenho\:lse hold artifacts, two cats, and a seventy-pound time. How do you single out the winners? . and outdoor-and the piles of pots and German shorthair, our inventory encom­ Anything I could repropagate from seed other miscellaneous equipment that I had passed 2,000 books including over 500 had space efficiency in its favor. I had started collected over the past twenty years. devoted to botany and garden writing of in late summer to collect seeds and by Oc­ "Don't worry about the move," said the this century and the last. Add to this a tober's end, had amassed over 150 paper Prime Mover, a gentleman with twelve years greenhouse full of plants that did not take packets, carefully labeled as to common in the moving business. "As long as you kindly to exposure to cold weather and and botanical name, place of origin, and move before Thanksgiving, the weather here the chosen plants from the old perennial any notes to myself about cultural needs. should be fine and," he paused to give a border, a list that fluctuated up and down No matter how it hurt, I decided against snappy salute to the sky above, "it never depending on both the time of day I read taking any mature plants that could be gets that cold in North Carolina before it and just how tired I was. replaced at a future date. This meant that January."

12 JUNE 1990 AMERICAN HORTICULTURIST 13 rains still fell. I dried off again. By four, I had successfully wrapped six­ teen plants. Using a flashlight, I walked forlornly through the garden searching the ground and my memory for the plant I knew I would want once the moving was over. The greenhouse inhabitants had yet to be packed up and moved to the waiting truck. They included an eight-foot-high Cordyline australis that I grew from a seedling obtained in 1973 (it resembled a Miami palm tree in a hurricane, toppling I thought about starting the big dig be­ posted for the area. The temperature fell over repeatedly until safely inside the truck), fore Halloween. But there was a book to as quickly as the stock market on blue and various other pots both large and small finish, endless choices to be made about Mondays. of plants with too many sentimental as­ the packing, my wife was still working at My first job was to dig up a small section sociations to be left behind. the local library, the d€adline for the next of a large clump of a particular Miscanthus By six o'clock, with the help of the mov­ Quill & Trowel-the newsletter of the grass that originally came from a garden ers and a scrap of illumination from the Garden Writers Association of America­ in southern Pennsylvania. Since it grew one light over the garage door, both the green­ was only two weeks after the move ... all to two feet higher than any of those avail­ house plants and the perennials were safely the demands of modern life that eat up able from nurseries, I deemed it important. aboard. The Prime Mover and two helpers time with the passion of a food processor But every time I reached for the black plas­ drove away with the intention of stopping that has taken hold of your tie. tic that was to hold the roots, the roll blew overnight somewhere in Virginia. They away. Newspapers brought for packing would next see us Saturday morning at the The Day of the Move flew. Labels flew. My felt-tip marker ac­ new house. My wife and I, the two cats The movers arrived for the packing of the tually leapt into the air. I was drenched and the dog reentered the €mpty house, trucks early on the morning of Thursday, and sticky with mud. listening to the roar of the now declining November 16. Everything that could be After twenty minutes of struggle, the grass wind as we prepared to arise at four in the put in a box was put in a box. Our living roots were inside the second moving van. morning for our drive to North Carolina. room resembled the final, warehouse scene I went indoors and changed clothes and in "Raiders of the Lost Ark." put those I had worn into the dryer. The Movers Arrive Now most of November had been beau­ The wind blew harder and lightning The morning of the 19th was clear with tiful with chilly nights and pleasant, cool ripped across the sky. welcome warmth. We made the drive in days. But that morning dawned with tem­ The movers were wet. The boxes were twelve and a half hours, in time for a light peratures in the high 50s, high humidity, wet. Soon I was wet again. supper before we bedded down on bor­ and a sky thick with slow-motion clouds By eleven o'clock, I had effectively bagged rowed cots. belying a wind that began at 30 mph and nine more plants with dozens more to go. Before we could begin to make our plants gave no sign of slowing. After changing clothes again, I went for feel at home in their new surroundings, "Not too good," said the Master Mover. the unregistered cultivar of a dwarf hem­ there were a couple of hitches. Construc­ "Rain's going to start soon. But I'll move lock that bore frosty white tips on the new tion had not begun on our greenhouse be­ the big truck as close to the house as pos­ growth every year, which a good gardener cause the City of Asheville Zoning Officer sible and we' ll trundle everything out friend had given me. said the setback for the structure was short through the garage." This particular dig required a shovel. As by five feet. I was scheduled to appeal my When the truck was finally parked it I dug, the rain fell harder and soon the case at City Hall the following Monday effectively blocked off my immediate en­ hole was filling with water and the plastic afternoon: not, I felt, an auspicious begin­ trance to the garden. I either had to climb wrappings were now two counties away. ning to a new life. And the potting shed over the ramp that went from the garage My boots were full and my hands were that I had intended to use for many of the floor to the five-foot-high truckbed or walk solid muck. I had started this dig at noon plants had been glossed over by the con­ all the way around the house. I should note and by one, the hemlock was in the truck. struction crew working on the house and that our old house was originally a country I went inside to dry off and change clothes was nothing but a small sinkhole, smelling hotel and consists of three houses joined again. At two o'clock a twenty-foot piece of damp, with a dark green fiberglass roof together, making this a trip of some 230 of the aluminum soffit on the attic roof of that was home to a small ant colony. feet each way. the largest house was picked up by the It's one thing to plan a move with pieces The rain came. It fell in drops and dol­ wind and began to blow back and forth of paper but quite another to deal with lops, with some collective waterballs as with a noise like the trumpet of doom. eighty boxes of books set to go inside and large as quail eggs. Then it hailed, and the Held by one nail, it threatened to fall on twenty boxes of plants for the out. wind blew harder. I could almost spy the the greenhouse below. And the night before had been unsea­ Reverend Davidson and Sadie Thompson By three I had the help of the local roofer sonably cold. The thermometer sank to 18 at one end of the garden. By mid-morning and we nailed back the soffit. Soon it would degrees in Asheville and the next morning we learned that tornado warnings were be dark but the wind still blew and the when we unloaded the plant truck, I found

14 JUNE 1990 out what were cheeky plants when it came to cold and what were not. The heirloom night-blooming cereus was BEFORE YOU PACK. burned on most of its stems and will be • • • long in recovering; the orchid cactus fared just a bit better, but won't bloom until next Contemplating a move? year. The cyclamen were limp but they If you can't be dissuaded by Peter Loewer's eventually sat up again; most of my spec­ grim experience from trying to take imen Kalanchoe uniflora fell apart in limp your garden and/or greenhouse with you, he offers shreds and the unknown wild plants from Madagascar that I grew from seed would some tips that might make relocating never see the light of day again . My fa ­ your own plants a trifle more pleasant. vorite anthurium was pulp and the once sophisticated calla lily had all the charm GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS plenty of soil and wrap the plants in of a dozen two-day-old McDonald buns. 1. Start cuttings of plants too large to plastic. Various sized plastic garbage All told, thirteen prized plants were lost. move easily. bags work well. Those that had survived were pushed 2. Where species and season allow it, 3. Plants need an ample supply of water into the seven-by-seven-foot potting shed, gather seeds for annuals and perennials. before they are moved, so if rainfall is for the weather reports were predicting 3. Except for sentimental reasons, never short, begin an irrigation program. that the worst winter weather for years move a plant that can easily be replaced 4. If moving trees, start root pruning was coming up. I kept the room warm with in the future. the year before the move. a kerosene heater-something called gar­ 4. Label everything with care using 5. Deciduous trees should be moved dener's luck told me to bring it along­ waterproof ink. when dormant. hung on chains from the one roof support 5. If moving to a colder climate, make 6. Conifers need three weeks to a month since there was no space on the floor be­ sure that plants left in a truck or car to settle in before the rigors of a north­ low; that was littered from corner to cor­ overnight are kept warm. ern winter, so be sure and mulch well ner with plants. if time is short. On the outside I was confronted with WITH POTTED PLANTS 7. If forced to move in summer, ball seven boxes of balled-and-plasticked plants. 1. Roll up potted plants in newspaper and burlap trees and shrubs during the "Unseasonable cold," everyone said. just like florists roll up bouquets, then previous spring and keep plants in a "Unseasonable cold," I grumbled, as I pack them upright in cardboard book shady spot, well watered until the move. set out to dig holes with frozen hands that boxes. Use plenty of crushed paper for 8. In the plant'S new home, prepare a held frozen tools. It literally took days to packing. Eschew plastic pellets! Paper bed of good, friable soil where new roots complete the job and my hope was that works better and is easier to get rid of can develop easily. by spring, I would not have forgotten where after the move. 9. After you transplant, follow a care­ everything had been tucked. 2. If you have enough notice, start re­ ful watering routine. The greenhouse was finished in Decem­ potting rootbound plants a year ahead, ber and the potting shed emptied of its to cut down on the stress of moving. inhabitants as the weather began warming in January. WITH GARDEN PLANTS Today in mid-February, I finished plant­ 1. Early spring is the best time to move ing exactly sixty-four little pots of seeds. plants; fall is OK if the move is to a Tomorrow I will do more. The camellia is warmer climate. in bloom and the winter honeysuckle 2. When digging up perennials, include (Lonicera fragrantissima ) wafts its per­ fume amid the grove of mountain rho­ dodendron (Rhododendron catawbiense) down at the edge of Kenilworth Lake. But be it government,decree or eminent domain, I will never move again. They'll have to put me in a large pot, wrap it in excelsior, and ship me out-screaming!

Peter Loewer is the author of A Year of Flowers. His last article for American Horticulturist, in February 1989, was "Trials of a Zone 5 Gardener with a Zone 10 Dream." He is now quite content to settle three zones shy of that ideal.

AMERICAN HORTICULTURIST 15 GARDENING WHERE WE LIVE BY ANN LOVEJOY

ardens everywhere begin in rudbeckias. Horticulturally, we are in our dreams. Practical or romantic, teens, still discovering and defining our­ urban or rural, each gardener has selves. This can be a delightful experience, Ga vision for each plot, whatever especially when it leads us to relish our the scale. As seasons pass and gardens grow, national diversity. America is a big and few of our schemes fulfill the goals that complex country; rather than seeking to gave them birth. Though most gardeners codify a single American school of garden get as much pleasu[('l from the process of making, we can rejoice in the many Amer­ garden making as from the results, some ican styles, celebrating the emerging are discouraged when their efforts don't strengths and character of each region in match that enticing inner vision. Often the turn. problem is simply one of patience; a new Since success is most likely when the garden won't feel substantial and settled dream garden approximates the possible, for perhaps five years, and needs eight or truly regional garden books could offer us ten years of steady growth to look mature. satisfying images to replace the improba­ More serious troubles arise when garden­ ble. Gardening where we live does not mean ers in Alabama or Minnesota want to rep­ that we can't draw inspiration from any licate Sissinghurst. Here, the difficulty is place but our own back yard, but it does twofold: first, no copy or emulation ever require us to learn more about our par­ has the flavor or impact of the original. ticular territory. Gardening wakes us up Secondly, America is not England. Before in all sorts of ways, making us aware of you can make wonderful gardens, you've seasonal changes, of weather patterns and got to know your territory. microclimates, of differences in soils and Say "English garden" and images of bil­ water. Knowing the territory also means lowing borders fill the inner eye. Say recognizing the bounty of the local flora. " American garden" and the picture be­ No matter what won't grow where you comes jumbled, confused. Just what is an live, there is plenty that will. Even our American garden? In truth, we might well weeds can give us clues: where knotweeds exercise our imaginations with greater thrive, so may more garden-worthy poly- freedom than we generally do, for Amer­ ican gardening could be as varied as Amer­ Those living on a boggy site can take ica itself. Limiting our palettes to English advantage of it by planting Japanese irises border plants is as myopic and arbitrary (lris ensata), an import that has adapted as deciding to grow only prairie grass and well to American growing conditions.

16 JUNE 1990 Ph oro by Jessie M. Harris

gonums. If our lawns are choked with moss, tions. Lots of community colleges offer more tender counterparts, but as we gain we might as well remove the grass entirely, courses in native plant identification, often confidence and understanding, we value or relegate it to a more promising site. In with class field trips. Native plant societies them for their own qualities. its place, thick carpets of moss, now en­ abound; they are a terrific resource in re­ Once our plant palette is expanded to couraged, may be interwoven with hostas gions where conventional border plants include the local flora, we can begin to and hellebores, ferns and ivies, rhodo­ can't handle local conditions. play with variations on regional themes. dendrons and Carolina allspice (Calycan­ Any such investigation has several re­ In one spot we may choose to mirror a thus floridus). Should the grass wither when wards: it is tremendous fun in itself; it gives combination frequently found in field or summers bakes the ground dry, yuccas and us the company of like-minded people; and wood; perhaps wild cherry, fat redbud, rock roses (Cistus spp.), California fuch­ it can enrich our gardens enormously. Those and spring beauty (Claytonia); or asters of sias (Zauschneria californica), poppies, and who fear that native plants will make the mauve and rose, running sweet fern many herbs will thrive. Nicola Ferguson's garden dull and frumpy will be reassured (Comptonia peregrina), its fall coat the color wonderful book, Right Plant, Right Place, almost at once; some American natives are of cinnamon toast, and white snakeweed is most helpful for gardeners faced with spectacular, and many others that appear (Eupatorium rugosum). In another place, varying conditions; even though it is Eng­ drab when starved are transformed by de­ we may alter the original group by ex­ lish in origin, many of the plants men­ cent garden conditions. America is rich in changing the species plants for hybrids, tioned are American natives, or have hardy, wonderful plants; literally hundreds of supplement it with imported cousins, or attractive counterparts among our native English border plants are expatriates from reflect it obliquely by using completely dif­ flora. these shores. Continental finishing school ferent plants of the same colors. As re­ Walking through local woods and fields left some of them too delicate to return to peated patterns build throughout the gar- will teach us a good deal about the plants their native soil, but quite often their heart­ that will thrive for us. Visits in any season ier country cousins will fill their garden Below: The swollen bladderwort (Utri­ will reveal early rising perennials that could niches with aplomb. Salvias and solidagos, cularia inflata) is an American native mask fading bulb foliage, sturdy midsum­ asters and artemisias, all boast native spe­ that thrives in ponds and wet places. mer bloomers, sure sources of splendid fall cies and garden varieties that will succeed Right: Rock roses (Cistus spp.), of Med­ color, plants with winter beauty of berry anywhere in the United States. At first, we itteranean origin, will thrive where lawns or bark. In most of the country, indigenous may regard these plants as substitutes for wither. plants have been joined by enterprising newcomers that naturalize with ease. Sometimes this entrepreneurial spirit can be harmful, as when imported Lythrum crowds out less invasive native species. More often the interlopers are innocuous and give us important clues as to which plant families enjoy our region. Moreover, ob­ serving natural plant relationships and combinations can be as instructive as vis­ iting gardens and arboreta. There are multiple options to pursue in our search for specific regional informa­ tion. Private gardens are seldom publicly accessible in this country, though entree to numerous gardens often accompanies a membership in garden clubs or plant so­ cieties. While much needs to be done na­ tionally, there are already a few outstand­ ing regional gardens that are open to the public. At the North Carolina State Uni­ versity Arboretum at Raleigh, Edith Ed­ dleman has developed extensive display gardens to demonstrate the possibilities presented by hundreds of native plants, some in splendid isolation, others grouped with exotics from across the world. Parks departments and water companies all over the country are promoting gardening with native plants through instructional classes and demonstration gardens. USDA Co­ operative Extension Service Master Gar­ dener programs are often excellent places to find out about local plants and condi-

18 JUNE 1990 Pharos by Jess ie M. Harris

den, colors and relationships echo and shift time, and through trial and error, the gar­ into new pictures that refer to each other den of your inner eye will form itself under even as they change through the seasons. your hands. As your taste changes and ex­ When we seek out our native plants in perience clarifies your desires, the garden their natural habitats, we can also observe will follow your lead. Never let a lack of the way plants grow together in nature; formal training keep you from arranging trees and large shrubs sheltering smaller your garden according to your individual shrubs and perennials, the whole laced to­ light. Garden mistakes are easily rectified, gether by creeping ground covers punc­ and plants are by and large willing work­ tuated with bulbs and low-growing an­ ers, both flexible and forgiving. Gardeners nuals. Employed in our gardens, these grow long-sighted, planting trees for a fu­ lessons from the wild help to unite unruly ture they may never see. Time is the gar­ collections of plants. Arrayed in natural­ dener's friend; there is no hurry about istic patterns, the plants happily mimic the making a garden, for the process, rather healthy, harmonious relationships found than the product, is the point. in nature. Well-placed plants form floral Gardening where you live means more communities that work together, living than using native plants and materials, more gardens kept in bounds as much by natural than echoing regional landscape elements; law as by a busy hand. it means making a garden that changes Gardening where we live means that we with your life and tastes, showing your take advantage of what nature offers us, current fancies and interests. Profession­ not copy it wholesale; slavish imitations ally designed gardens may be pleasing, yet of nature will be no more successful than they are almost never personal; the very those pseudo-Sissinghursts. For one thing, best gardens in the world are all the chil­ gardening is by definition interference with dren of a personal dream. Your ideal gar­ nature, and despite the flagrant untruths den may overflow with blossoms, a floral of the poets, nature unassisted rarely extravaganza for half the year, restful and achieves what most of us would consider quiet the other half. I may prefer a cool, a garden. Here, too, we can draw inspi­ sheltered retreat filled with a tapestry of ration and concepts from a model, trans­ foliage, vines trailing from every tree, ex­ posing plants and architectural elements otic perfumes heavy on the air. Another freely to suit our personal aesthetic, giving may long for lilacs and daylilies, rambling preference to local materials. In the Pacific roses on arching white arbors, red peonies Northwest, this may mean fences of raw nodding in a trim, grassy yard enclosed by timber; arches of whole, crotched trees; a a white picket fence. No matter what is treillage of bark-covered branches - a trendy, our individual tastes and personal rough-hewn style that, if well conceived plant loves should shape our own gard€ns and carried out, results in elegant funk. In more than pressures of fashion or the dr€ary New Mexico, it might translate into walls dictates of "good design." Any original, of adobe and patios of glazed tile, while however eclectic, has more life and char­ in New Hampshire, flat flagstones of na­ acter than the most tasteful copy. tive granite and fences made from field When we garden where we live, our gar­ stones would be appropriate. Again, one dens become distinct and individual in the need not be limited to a strict palette, but process, faithful representations of our in gardening, as in architecture, an indi­ thoughts and loves. When our gardens suit vidual example that is free of trendiness our needs, offering us places to work and and well related to its regional setting will to rest, to play and to dream, we enjoy age better than another made to fit into them to the fullest through every season. the artificial environment of an immediate As we grow secure in our knowledge of neighborhood, which quickly becomes plants, sure of the rightness of our personal dated and out of fashion. choices, we will be making new and lasting This-the design stage- is where too contributions to the regional schools of many of us falter, hampered more by fear American gardening - gardeners all across of transgressing the mysterious, implaca­ the country united in making gardens where ble laws of Good Taste than by our in­ we live. experience. Take courage, inform yourself thoroughly and well, and dare to try; over Ann Lovejoy is a contributing editor of Horticulture magazine and author of a The Englemann hedgehog cactus (Echin­ soon-to-be-released book, The Border in ocereus englemannii) can be found in Ar­ Bloom, from which this article is izona's Sonoran Desert. excerpted. She gardens in Seattle.

20 JUNE 1990 Ph oto by Jessie M. Harris

ERICA BY MIRABEL OSLER

Americans envy the British their climate and their well-established gardening traditions. They spend fortunes fruitlessly trying to emulate the look of English country gardens. Here is a look from the other side of the Atlantic.

know nothing about American gar­ "Land-mass" -what a heady word. dens, but I love to imagine what they Those of you who do not live on an island are like. To us, on our little congested can have no idea of that sense of freedom I island, almost sinking under the weight when you set foot at Calais, aware that of gardens, the idea of that space, re­ there is no watery restraint between you moteness and limitless horizon, where it is and Vladivostok. Little do the French ap­ possible to walk over one uninhabited hill preciate that Calais is the gateway to and find another just the same, is fairly emancipation. Fortunate Danes, Portu­ mind-blowing. Thoughts of gardening then guese and Walloons. Enviable Americans, take on a different resonance. with frozen wastes and sweltering forests; I have been addicted to westerns for years, with rivers like arteries passing through not for their prescribed formula of the good state after state. As for their gardens-how guys and bad guys, but because behind all they vex me. I've tried to find out about their cavorting, often superbly photo­ them from our small local town library, graphed, is the most beautiful landscape but with no success. There is not one single imaginable. Those ravines and cloud shad­ book on American gardens. "Well, we've ows across prairies; those black hills, men­ never been asked," explained the librarian. acing and remote, those distant mountains Isn't it time then, that we had a little cross­ with snowy summits; swamps, creeks and fertilization? gulches are words so irresistibly evocative In our country, limited by climate and I like to savour their potency, though I congestion, to me the idea of American have little chance of ever seeing such places. gardens remains undefined. The extremes High pastures, bone-dry river beds and of garden design and what is possible to contorted trees, misshapen forever by pre­ grow there, is fascinating to English eyes vailing winds blowing constantly from God knows where. Think of it! An unimagined Tulips, iberis, and sempervirens growing land-mass stretching boundless to the in a private rock garden in the Rocky oceans. Mountains in Kalispell, Montana.

From A GENTLE PLEA FOR CHAOS by Mirabel Osler. Copyright © 1989 by Mirabel Osler. Reprinted by permission of Simon & Schuster Inc. Ph oro by Joanne Pavia conditioned by roses. Given the diversity One of the most bizarre traditions that Who mows what? Is there no animosity of nationalities in America, sources for in­ immediately strikes someone from Eng­ over shadows? What happens, for in­ spirati on must have come from five con­ land, brought up on privacy, is the Amer­ stance, when one person decides to plant tinents. Who gardens say, in Butte, Mon­ ican front garden. Where we have walls, a coniferous tree; when loose petals of t ana? What gems of wonder lie fences or hedges defining our territorial overblown blossom float across invisible undiscovered in Meridian, Mississippi? frontiers, in small American towns they boundaries? And are you obliged to greet Aren't there unacknowledged marvels in appear to have nothing. Where we clearly your neighbour as a force majeure that you Bismarck, North Dakota; in Maine and know whose leaves are ruining the lawn, meet eyeball-to-eyeball across the unde­ California? And that state with the most or whose right it is to pick an overhanging fined sward? beautiful name, Pennsylvania (a word sprig of lilac, over there there are no def­ Yet the effect of seeing a green flow of whose first syllable should be uttered on initions. Where did the open-plan tradition grass which unites each h0use one to an­ an indrawn breath-while sylvania is re­ originate? And doesn't this system pre­ other gives a restful appearance to the street. leased like a sigh), has, I'm positive, places suppose that every house owner is pleas­ Trees and bushes are there, but not the worth leaving home for. antly co-operative towards his neighbour? individual expression from flower-beds. At the back of the house, obviously it is different. Here is a description of a gar­ den in Iowa, taken from Jonathan Raban's account of his journey down the Missis­ sippi in Old Glory:

... I followed him behind the bar and into a scruffy little kitchen where he switched on a raft of lights which flooded the yard be­ yond. "Look," said Mr. Frick, showing me out through the door. Even now, his garden was still an embroidered quilt of summer colours. Plants in knots were arranged in steep pyr­ amids, in banks of deep green ferns, in white, wrought-iron pagodas and hanging baskets. He had squashed what looked to me like a complete Chelsea flowershow into the space of a living room: slender h€rb margarets, livid begonias, fuchsias, chrysanthemums, pri­ mulas, geraniums ... Tiny gravelled walks trailed in and out of the beds of flowers. The centrepiece was a miniature waterfall. Mr. Frick switched it on, and a little river came bubbling througbt the ferns, over rocks of col­ oured crystal and splashed into a lily-padded pool. In the corner of the yard was a rose bower, the blooms of pink and crimson look­ ing bloody in the floodlight. A signboard with carved rustic lettering was suspended over the top of the bower on silver chains: it said "I Never Promised You A Rose Garden." One of the attributes of American gar­ dens that is alien to us, is the way in which they cam be taken into the house, or, con­ versely, the sitting and eating rooms can be part of the garden. From looking at pictures I see that many of these designs use pebbles, boulders, gravel, cement and driftwood, while plants in pots are used

Left: The American woodland offers many delicate wildflowers that translate well to shady gardens, such as spring beauty (Claytonia caroliniana.) Right: Lupines (Lupinus polyphyllus) fill a farm field near Nashville.

24 JUNE 1990 Phoros by Jessie M. Harri s for twining up dividing screens. In Pene­ lope Hobhouse's book, Garden Style, she describes a small garden in New York where pots of grasses and bamboos, as well as flowering plants, are used " ... like flower arranging; pictures are constantly built up and then changed; the overriding aim is to create a green oasis as a contrast to the concrete city desert." In the same book is a lovely photograph of the Magnolia Plantation in South Car­ olina. The still dark waters reflect the straight lines of the "live oaks," with their roots rising like sinews to hold the trunks soaring high above the swamp. Are there still to be found legacies in the gardens of the south from all that available labour in other centuries? Are there fine gardens laid out around fine houses in the midst of fields of tobacco? Is Rosedown in Loui­ siana a ravishing place of monumental trees, azaleas, camellias and sweet olives? Did traders on the Mississippi make spectac­ ular productions between the sugar-cane and cotton plantations? Perhaps the Mis­ souri Botanical Garden in St. Louis is a fantasy place, with desert houses full of night-flowering blooms and grotesque ex­ otics. Cypress swamps, magnolia gardens and banyan trees; bayou and savannah­ what foreign words to evoke a wild ex­ travagance of sensuality, way beyond the quiescence of sweet williams. As for the "butterfly pools" in Charles­ ton, imagination takes off. Are they mi­ grating flecks of blue, drawn by an irre­ sistible plant grown only in Charleston? Do the butterflies waver and surge and move like the sea in their breeding season? Elsewhere what colours are to be seen in the Longwood Gardens of Pennsylvania, among the rolling hills? There's so much more, but I shall never know. There are, fortunately, wonderful American writers that do penetrate my sit­ ting-room. That witty and abrasive writer Henry Mitchell does slap down my pre­ much as I adore their plushy faces and be grown in a garden. When she comes to tentions to try for the impossible. Suc­ sturdy stems. platycodons I have to turn to my garden cinctly he tells us that one bulb may be Another much beloved book is Eleanor encyclopaedia, for shamefacedly I've never enough, or that there really are alternatives Perenyi's Green Thoughts. She has a won­ heard of them. They are balloon flowers to "a million blades of grass shorn uni­ derful chapter on blues. Not on moods, and look from the photograph the most formly." And I have taken to heart his but on flowers. "I love blue more than any exquisite deep blue with papery-veined advice to "not go hog wild" over peonies, other color. I am inordinately attracted to petals. The balloon-shaped buds open into any blue substance: to minerals like tur­ saucer-shaped flowers. Above: Meadow beauty (Rhexia) is one of quoise and lapis lazuli, to sapphires and In the book Mrs. Perenyi comments: many beautiful American natives just be­ aquamarines; to cobalt skies and blue-black "That Americans aren't a race of gardeners ginning to become available in the trade. seas; Moslem tiles-and to a blue flower is evident enough from the range of tools Right: An alpine sunflower or "old man whether or not it has any other merit." offered in most stores." Maybe. Even so of the mountain" (Hymenoxys grandi­ Then off she goes beguiling us with her I'm not put off. I long to see the variety flora) brightens a rocky hillside in the Grand words and descriptions, her enthusiasm for of their gardens through eyes that for years Tetons. and commitment to all the blue things to have been focused on those in England.

26 JUNE 1990 Ph otos by Jessie M. Harri s

ETHICAL GARDENERS, BEAUTIFUL PLANTS BY JACQUELINE HERITEAU

n a garden, you don't get what you planet. Dr. Cathey calls these principles "I "the new ethic" in American gardening. deserve," says Dr. H. Marc Cathey, director of the U.S. National Arbor­ Others might call it a "new naturalism": etum. "You get what survives." an informed, or sophisticated naturalism If this was true in the past, it is much that promotes healthy soil and healthy more so today. Changes in our environ­ plants and is beneficial to environments ment-the carbon dioxide build-up in our near and far. atmosphere, changing weather patterns, a Champions of the new naturalism ad­ dwindling supply of unpolluted ground­ dress it in various ways. "The other side water, garbage cruising the seas for a park­ of the butterfly" is Elvin McDonald's phrase ing space, shrinking topsoil, and fouled for an approach that promotes healthy air-make it harder for many plants to gardens with only a last resort to chemi­ survive. Many of those same changes also cals. McDonald is director of special proj­ make it unethical for us to use chemicals ects at the Brooklyn Botanic Garden. His to stretch the boundaries of that survival. show-and-telliectures now usually include In seeking fresh solutions, gardeners look references to the importance of leaving some to nature, to the principles that drive the of the garden for the beautiful and bene­ ficial three Bs-butterflies, bees (including Members of the Asclepias genus require some wasps), and birds. They pollinate, little fuss and attract butterflies that will they rejuvenate, they plant. Above all, they help pollinate other plants. Right: The gobble insects that we don't much want. swamp milkweed, Asclepias incarnata. To encourage these allies, McDonald

28 JUNE 1990 Photo by Jessie M. Harris

says, we must feed them by planting flow­ for "Gardening Where We Live." Ann urges adapt to €nvironmental changes. The price ers and shrubs they like. Don't spray, leave gardeners to, in essence, fulfill their dreams of this interruption of the natural cycle is stalks and seedheads to ripen, rake leaves by enhancing their garden's natural incli­ that we now must take over the devel­ into drifts and leave them to overwinter, nations and using lots of healthy, native opment and select plants adapted to pro­ serving as a home to fat wriggly worms selections. They should submit to the site's jected climate changes." that till the soil and feed our birds. own inclinations, giving moss its head where In embracing a new garden ethic, he says, James van Sweden and Wolfgang Oehme, it is determined to take over the lawn, per­ we must seek "tough plants for tough landscape designers based in Washington, haps weaving it with ornamental shade times." Tough can also be beautiful, and D.C., have found nationwide recognition lovers. many of these tough plants are already in for naturalism in "the new American gar­ Native plant societies are as plentiful as the trade. A survey of the nation's most den." Their trademark is a meadowlike native plants, she notes, and abound in distinguished horticulturists and growers combination of ornamental grasses, native soul mates ready to share knowledge of identified some 1,700 outstanding and es­ trees and shrubs, and masses of flowering local gardening imperatives, "a terrific re­ tablished garden plants that they consider bulbs and easy-care perennials. source in regions where conventional bor­ able to flourish in today's climate and en­ In spring, a carpet of naturalized bulbs der plants can't handle conditions." vironment with little or no assistance from flowers in spaces opened up by the annual The need to encourage diversity in our the gardener or chemicals. Many of them shearing of the ornamental grasses. In planting is a common "new naturalism" attract one or more of McDonald's "three su mmer, black-eyed Susan, Russian sage, theme. Dr. Cathey explains why. Bs" or contribute to the environment in and other perennials that require no fer­ "In ages past," he says, "plants growing other ways, such as erosion control. tilizer or fuss bloom among the now half­ in the wild maintained ecological balances Among them are many of the more than grown grasses. In fall, sweeps of sedum by adapting to dimatic change. Some plant 200 pest- and disease-resistant ornamen­ turn russet and the trees show orange and species 'migrated' with the winds and the tals that have been introduced by the Na­ red. In winter, the wild winds dance among birds to regions suited to their needs. Some tional Arboretum. Hundreds more from the tall grasses. Th us both design and seeds of plants that survived change grew there and other sources are under devel­ maintenance promote healthy ecological into species adapted to the new conditions. opment, on their way to making our gar­ balances and provide texture and color in And some species vanished, making way dens "naturally" healthy and easy to main­ all four seasons. for the new. tain. The aesthetics of the new naturalism are " By replacing jungl€, wetlands, and By using such "tough plants," Dr. Cathey addressed beautifully by West Coast writer prairie with ranch and farm, city and road, maintains, the home gardener joins sci­ Ann Lo vejoy in her argument on page 16 we have limited plants' opportunities to entists and breeders in helping nature with the process that has been thwarted by ag­ riculture and urbanization. His sugges­ tions for helping both the new garden ethic and our own home gardens to flourish:

Left: If our yards won't support lawn grass, moss can be an attractive, low-chemical alternative. Below: A tough carpeter, Polygonum af­ fine 'Dimity' ('Superbum') is a native of Nepal. THE USDA PLANT HARDINESS MAP OF THE UNITED STATES

RANGE OF AVERAGE ANNUAL MINIMUM TEMPERA ruRES FOR EACH lONE lONE 1 BELOW - SO F 0 lONE 2 - 50 TO - 40 0 ~ lONE 3 -40 TO - 30 &I ~ -m: HI lONE 4 - 30 '\'.\ TO - 20 = lONE 5 - 20 TO - 10' ~~ lONE 6 -10 TO 0 -0 l ONE 7 o TO 1(1" -0 lONE 8 10' TO 20 lONE 9 20 TO 30 l ONE 10 30" TO' 40' l ONE 11 ABOVE 40 -0 • Choose plants most likely to thrive in bu ying trees, shrubs, vines, and woody of plants with problems that invite pol­ your local weather conditions. If you've ground covers. Buy only those that thrive lution. It's a simple system of six to eight been puzzled by reports that the weather in your region; but do plant a tree this letters-the first letters of the genus, spe­ is warming while your plants are freezing, year! cies, variety, or cultivar names of the plant. be assured that your plants are right. This • Demand reliability. Your garden can be Not all nurserymen have yet completely was the conclusion of data gathered for a chemical-free zone! Set out only plants worked the code into their inventory and fifteen years and more from 14,500 weather billed as pest- and disease-resistant. labeling systems. But if gardeners use the stations from Alaska to Mexico, and in­ • Avoid excessive fertilizing. Too much code, it will further encourage its spread, cluding Canada and Hawaii. nitrogen is getting into our rivers and lakes, and give the industry a clear message that The data was gathered for the new U.S. upsetting the ecological balances that keep American gardeners are backing the new Department of Agriculture Plant Hardi­ them pure and fresh. ethic for American gardens. ness Map, the first revision of that map in • Use plants' real names. Ask for plants twenty-five years. Produced by Meteoro­ by botanical name. Botanical names de­ Washington, D.C., free-lance writer logical Evaluation Services in Amityville, scribe known performance. Common Jacqueline Heriteau is the author of The New York, it shows that some twenty­ names change from place to place, and National Arboretum Book of three states are registering cooler temper­ cultivar names from breeder to breeder in Outstanding Garden Plants, on which atures than shown on the last map. Another many cases. most of this material is based. The AHS eight states show the cold zones dipping • Support industry code names. Plants are Book Program is offering the $39.95 farther south, or warm zones declining. becoming more national and interna­ book to members at a special discount Hawaii shows areas of frost in its moun­ tional. New plant names appear every sea­ price of $29.95. The new USDA Plant tains for the first time. Although twelve son, but the names often fail to tell who Hardiness Zone Map appears as states show similar weather and five ap­ these newcomers are so that their real needs endpapers to the book. A highly pear warmer, this map reveals many more may be unknown. Some turn out to be detailed, four-foot-square version of the microclimates, especially in the cool, offspring of plants with problems. map is being printed at the U.S. mountainous regions. A "Nursery Crops Coding System" has Government Printing Office. To order • Insist on plants proven stable through recently been introduced by the American send a check or money order for $6.50 generations. Choose responsible local nur­ Association of Nurserymen as a sort of to Superintendent of Documents, U.S. series and garden centers. Keep new, un­ "pedigree" for plants. The system is in­ Government Printing Office, tried mutants in separate test gardens, away tended to encourage the identification, rec­ Washington, DC 20402 or call (202) from your main plantings. Stick to estab­ ognition, and production of healthy ma­ 783-3238. Order by Stock #001-000- lished, resistant plants, especially when terials and discourage the multiplication 04550-4.

Far Lefe ph oro by Elvin McDonald ; Left: pha ro by Pamela Harper AMERICAN HORTICULTURIST 31 The Birth 0

Place of. great beauty is impact on the way people garden in this emerging in the sand hills fickle climate. of Sim Park's southeast Botanica was an idea ripe for fruition. comer," proclaimed the For years, a grassroots group of garden pages of The Wichita clubs had been wanting to create a center Eagle-Beacon.'1\ "In time, it will be one of for their activities. At the same time, the the things for which people come to Wich­ Wichita Park Department had visions of ita, a Midwestern attraction to be se€n a mlmicipal botanical garden. Eventually, nowhere else between Minneapolis and the park department offered a bona fide Dallas." proposal to the city commissioners for a The editorial appeared in September 1985 $1 milli0n admiFlistrative and meeting cen­ on ground-breaking day for Botanica, The ter to be budgeted over three years. But it Wichita Gardcms, America's newest small was still touch-and-go for its supporters, municipal botanical garden. It was indeed because approval of the first third of the a resplendent affair, with scores of dig­ million would not necessarily obligate nitaries and gardening enthusiasts turning commissioners in successive years. Garden the req4isite symbolic spad€ful of soil: in club members and others lobbied dili­ this case, the soil9f a practice golfing green gently each year to influence a favorable being sacrificed for building footings. vote, and there was much jubilant cel€• Across the road on the higher ground bration when the final third of the money of the Sim Park Golf Course, a golf cart Who says a was allocated; detractors, meanwhile, la­ drew to a stop. Two golfers emerged and mented the waste of government money scanned the ceremony. They shook their botanical garden has to be that could have gone to social programs. heads slowly in dismay, leaving little doubt The facility was made an arm of the concerning their opinion of the desecration big? Since it opened Wichita Park Board, a semi-autonomous of a good putting green for "fl0wers." municipal agency, with a legal agreement The groundbreaking was a landmark only three years ago, this making a eitizens' group, Botanica, Inc., stride forward in the city's botanical cul­ the operator. A fifty-one member Botanica tural life, and it had been a long time nine-and-a-half acre Wichita Board of Trustees, whose members include aborning. There were a few in the city, like park department personnel, nurserymen, the golfers, who saw no need for it. There garden has touched bankers, pmfessional horticulturists, and would be some· disagreements among sup­ amateur gardeners, supervises the build­ porters !Jbout how it should be done, and its community in dozens ing's use anq plans the gardens and th€ir there would be things that, had they to do of ways ... and taught skeptics maintenance. them over again, might be d0ne differently. Botanica was to be built on nine and a But the words of the Eagle editorial have a few things about what half acres almost within walking distance been prophetic. In just the first year after of the business center of Kansas' largest its opening in May 1987, the garden reg­ will grow in Kansas. istered visitors from fifty states and twenty­ Left:-A popular attraction at Botanica are nine foreign countries. In the three years the aquatic garden's huge Victoria lily­ since, more than 250,000 visitors have been by Frank Good pads, pictured here with Nymphaea fa­ counted. Botanica has become an integral biola, a hardy water lily. Right: A shady part of the community, including its public refuge adjacent to the Parriott Terrace elementary classrooms, and is having an Garden.

32 JUNE 1990 Photos Courtesy of Botanica, The Wichita Gardens AMERICAN HORTICULTURIST 33 city. To design it, the trustees chose two Wichita-based professionals: architect Dwight Bonham and landscape architect Tom Montgomery. Intertwined with the design of the new garden was a nostalgic bit of history, which is unapparent to visitors until pointed out by garden tour guides. In 1903, a mere thirty-three years after the city was incorporated, the Arkansas Valley Interurban rail line was organized to connect the burgeoning prairie center with outlying communities. One of the stops for the interurban was at the Sim Park Golf Course clubhouse on the northwest edge of the youthful cow town. The "trolleys in the country" are now long gone, and a new clubhouse has been built in a more favored site. But planners agreed not to raze the old clubhouse/station stop. With insight and sensitivity, they incorporated the old stone structun: in the botanical showplace's new $1 million building, which houses administrative offices, the library, gift shop, meeting room, small kitchen, greenhouse, and an auditorium that seats 540 persons. The subtle hues of the Shakespearean garden, as contrasted to an intensive bo­ It was a neat planning touch, and it came garden are brightened by a mound of tanical collection. We display plants in with a bonus: a large hackberry, Eastern impatiens. Such vibrant colors are a big landscape settiNgs that we hope will widen red cedars, and mulberry trees growing drawing card for visitors. the homeowners' horizon as related to the around the structure. These trees help pro­ plants they can grow and how they should vide a surprisingly mature appearance to doors can be extended to the outdoors. To grow them." the three-year-old gardens. the west, a fully exposed slope, because it The names of many Botanica gardens Bonham and Montgomery also tried to would create a hotspot for plants, was re­ and features attest to its ties with the com­ preserve the natural terrain and native plants served for the Xeriscape garden added last munity and its reliance on private SUPP0l't. growing on the periphery. These included season. Those already built include the Hanna H. coral berry, Indian currant, Virginia creeper, "We felt strongly that water is an im­ Jabara Entry Garden, the Shakespearean and even a wild grape vine. The terrain­ portant part of a garden," Montgomery Garden, the Margie Button Memorial sand dunes sculpted by stiff Kansas winds says, so a low area that seemed unlikely Fountain, the Martha W. Parriott Terrace and the nearby Arkansas River-was left to ever drain well became Botanica's aquatic Garden, the reflecting pool, the Fred C. unaltered, but made more habitable for garden. Schnitzler Juniper Collection, the Xeri­ plants with recycled yard wastes supplied Two months before its grand opening, scape Demonstration GardeN, the Bank by the street department. the board of trustees hired Donald R. Burna IV Centennial Pavilions, the rockery, This preservation was commendable, as Botanica's executive director. Burna came the woodland walk, greenhouse, Linda given that the designers had so little acreage to Wichita from Longwood Gardens in M. Stewart Perennial Evaluation Garden, to work with and had to make every inch Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, where he and the Jessie Wooldridge Brosius Rose count. "We wanted to get in as many dif­ was an assistant department head and Garden, and the aquatic collection in the ferent things as we could," Montgomery grounds supervisor. It took him only a few garden's one-third-acre pond. said, "but that meant we would have to days to discover fully what a difference Contemplated, and awaitiNg funding, make all the gardens small and closely re­ exists between the plush atmosphere of are an outdoor butterfly garden, an indoor lated in design, so that one area would Longwood, with its budget of $14 million butterfly sanctuary and conservatory, a blend into the next." Thus the more formal a year, and the modest $400,000 annual home demonstration flower garden, and and rectangular gardens, such as the resources of Botanica. Of that total, a third an oriental gardeN. Montgomery said he Shakespearean Garden, were situated next comes from the city, and the rest from gate hopes to add a pinetum on a gentle slope to the main building. Far away in the admissions, building rentals, gift shop sales, near where the adjacent water department northwest corner, a dune lent itself to the memberships, and donations. has a sludge pit, to take advantage of con­ informal feel of native grasses and the pa­ Large, well-endowed, and long-estab­ ditions ideal for conifers and also to screen vilion that serves as an overlook. A de­ lished botanical gardens like Longwood the view of the water treatment plant. pressed area outside the main meeting room can show exhaustive collections of rare "Some people have wanted their money formed a natural amphitheater, and serves plants. Botanica's limited area dictates a back when they see that the garcden isn't as a place where events being staged in- different role, says Burna. "It's a display completely finished," said M0ntgornery.

34 JUNE 1990 have to operate with." brings another drought or the water short­ One way that Botanica increases its vis­ age seems like yesterday'S worry. ibility is through horticultural education, The library is another source of horti­ both for its 2,000 members and the general cultural education. To encourage greater public. Lectures on gardening basics are use, it recently changed its policy to allow offered as evening events. Lunchtime lec­ members to check out books rather than tures, which are well-attended because of merely browsing. the garden's proximity to downtown, cover Already, Botanica is experiencing some more narrowly focused themes, ranging healthy growing pains. The use rate of the from herb vinegars to pest identification. facilities is approximately 70 percent. Burna Beginning with the 1989-90 school year, said lack of funds prevents more efficient all 3,000 third-graders in the Wichita Pub­ use. "We have to run rentals to boost in­ lic Schools began coming to Botanica for come, rather than having education an experience in the garden. Projects have courses," he explained. Ironically, the very included dissecting seeds and making leaf attractiveness of the facility and its sur­ prints with sunlight and blueprint paper. roundings also hampers its effective use. The curriculum, which was developed There's a huge demand for non-horticul­ cooperatively by Botanica and school sys­ tural uses. So now, less than four years tem staff, calls for pre- and post-visit after its completion, the building is inad­ discussions. equate. Sorely needed are more classrooms Another educational effort, which should and offices, a lecture hall, and an activity have an impact on the community both center (one with a tile floor that children aesthetically and ecologically, is a Xeri­ can dribble soil and water on). scape certificate program. Although Kan­ A push is on to gain funds for a $600,000 sas was once identified as part of the Great addition (with $300,000 more for furni­ American Desert, this state is known today ture and equipment), which, among other "But that's what keeps a lot of people com­ as the breadbasket of the nation because pluses, would take the desk of the devel­ ing back; they want to see what's new." in most years, its fertile soil produces more opment director out of the library. Burna says a lot of jokes are made about wheat than any other state in the union. Don Burna also found a vast difference the "obligatory" oriental garden, which Nevertheless, there's a thread of verity in between the size of Longwood's staff- will contrast sharply with the traditional the early-day label. Average rainfall in 190 full-time employees, 100 part-timers, kitchen gardens of this area. There has Wichita is thirty inches per year. As in and 40 students- and Botanica's staff of been little Asian influence on the landscape many Western states, there's fierce, intense twelve full-time and one part-time posi­ here, where the Asian population is almost scrambling for what water resources there tion. In the office he has a development non-existent. Botanica's will be a Chinese, are. director, volunteer coordinator, gift shop rather than a Japanese garden, in honor To teach homeowners and gardening manager, education coordinator, facilities of Wichita's sister city, Kaifeng. "People professionals to use water more prudently coordinator, an administrative assistant, like an oriental garden, and that's why and frugally, the Xeriscape program is of­ and an office aide. In the garden are a many gardens have added them," says fering a series of courses on soil, irrigation, supervisor, three full-time gardeners, and Burna. "There are design elements in ori­ and selection of low-water-use plants. As a part-time gardener. ental gardens that are very attractive to is the case throughout the country, enthu­ So how does the prodigious amount of visitors. " siasm for Xeriscaping waxes and wanes, work get done? Volunteers. Another drawing card for getting large depending on whether the growing season "The volunteer program makes Botan- numbers of visitors through the admission gates is continuous, vibrant color. Those numbers are important both for the direct support they represent, through admis­ Out of the Mouths of Botanikids sions and purchases in the gift shop, and because it is important for the garden to At the ornamental fountain in the central lobby of Botanica's administration maintain a visible presence in the com­ building, two young lads were eying the copper sculpture of two geese amid munity. "We have to be visible-that's cattails. "What's that?" one of them asked his companion. something that some gardens don't like to The other, presuming knowledge beyond his years, replied: "Those geese are think about," says Burna. "But along with sitting in the middle of a wheat field. The tall things are hot dogs on sticks." being a botanical garden, we're an attrac­ tion. We're competing with baseball games, In the Shakespearean Garden, a bust of The Bard faces the main entryway. One the zoo" - which has its own botanical of two youngsters observing the likeness was heard to ask the other: "Who is garden - "and with a theme water park for that?" that discretionary dollar. The esoteric col­ "It says that's Shakespeare," said the second. lections will always draw some people, but "Who's Shakespeare?" the more Botanica appeals to a greater "I don't know. Must have been a gardener." number of people, the more money we'll

AMERICAN HORTICULTURIST 35 ica possible," Buma says emphatically. "Without the volunteers there would be no Botanica as we know it. Volunteers The AABGA: work in the gardens and help put up the displays. They staff the admissions desk, Getting New Public Gardens Off conduct garden tours, work in the gift shop, put out mailings, and staff the library. to a Good Start "Without them we'd be in big trouble. Last year there were more than 200 vol­ unteers. They worked over 14,000 hours here. That's the equivalent of seven full­ time employees. Not surprisingly, many are garden club members and their friends, and most are between 40 and 70 years old. At one time the staff dreamed of trying to recruit younger volunteers by establishing a pro­ gram that would offer an alternative to singles bars. But even volunteer programs need seed money, so the idea remains on the drawing board. Aspirants in Botanica's annual photo con'test position A support group, Friends of Botanica, themselves for their best shot. raises funds for equipment through lec­ tures and a pre-Christmas flower festival. Thinking of starting a botanical garden Center is a good source for technical Another money maker-the instant suc­ in your own community? One of the information. Its library includes loan cess of which was a pleasant surprise to a services provided by the American As­ packets of sample lease agreements for number of skeptics-is the gift shop, which sociation of Botanical Gardens and Ar­ new municipal gardens, feasibility grosses $60,000 a year. Since it's staffed boreta (AABGA), the professional as­ studies for botanical gardens, papers on by volunteers, the overhead is low and all sociation for public gardens, is helping college and university gardens, and profit is funneled into the gardens. Though new gardens get started. There are many master plans of other new gardens. only a little more than 500 square feet in aspects to such a project, but here are Besides Botanica, there are several area, its collection of books, jewelry, ce­ a few suggestions from the AABGA for other new gardens well worth the visit. ramics, and shirts with the Botanica logo individuals or groups interested in cre­ The Rhododendron Species Founda­ make it a high-traffic area and few have ating a public garden. tion garden on the grounds of the Wey­ the willpower to pass it by. Ask yourself these questions: At what erhaueser Company headquarters in A popular item is the annual Botanica stage of development is your garden or Tacoma, Washington, combines the poster, chosen by competition. Unframed your plan for a garden? What is the size natural setting of an open woodland posters are given to new members, and and scope of your plan? Do you want with more than 500 species of rhodo­ have been a persuasive n~ cruiting device. your garden to be a local resource for dendron. The formal gardens, wild­ They're also reproduced as notecards. the community with an educational fo­ flower collections, and meadows of Those who are artists with a lens instead cus, or should it be a tourist attraction, Chanticleer, an early twentieth century of a brush participate in the yearly pho­ a major display garden, or resource for Main Line estate in Wayne, Pennsyl­ tography competition for donated prizes. a college? Who will be the governing vania, will soon be open to public tours. All photos must be taken on the Botanica authority: trustees from a private foun­ The Crosby Arboretum in Hattiesburg, grounds. Last year, there were 131 entries. dation, a parks and recreation depart­ Mississippi, opened its diverse collec­ Other arts are represented as well: Bo­ ment, or a university committee? tion of native plants to the public in tanica serves as a stage for piano recitals, Visit other gardens and talk to their 1984. North Carolina is home to two dance companies, university choral groups, staffs about how their gardens got excellent new university arboreta: N0rth and jazz combos. started. Learn about their funding Carolina Arboretum of the University But in the end, Botanica is flowers . That's sources, recommendations for design­ of North Carolina, outside Asheville, what visitors come to see and, one likes to ers and consultants, and what they and the North Carolina State Univer­ believe, each takes a lasting image of those would do differently if they were start­ sity Arboretum in Raleigh. flowers home. "One of the first things I ing over again. Public gardens in your For guidance in starting a public gar­ heard was 'Nothing will grow in Kansas,'" region are particularly valuable re­ den, or more information on the AABGA recalls Don Buma. "Here we have an op­ sources. and its services, write or call the AABGA portunity to show just how many plants Contact the AABGA. It offers a net­ offices at 786 Church Road, Wayne, will actually thrive here." work of public garden professionals who PA 19087, (215) 688-1120. are happy to share their knowledge and Elizabeth Sullivan Frank Good is garden columnist for the experience. The AABGA Resource AABGA Wichita Eagle-Beacon. The Botanica library is named in his honor.

36 JUNE 1990 Carolina lupines (Thermopsis caroliniana) in Botanica's Shakespearean Garden.

AMERICAN HORTICULTURIST 37 ADVICE FROM RIVER FARMIBY PEGGY LYTTON Stalking Your Elusive Dream Plant

Ow many times have you searched for the one plant that promises to transform your common back yard into the Garden of Eden, onlyH to find that local nurseries haven't heard of it, don't carry it, and don't know who does? Yet you know it exists because you read about it in a slick garden mag­ azine; the article tantalized you with promises of spring flowers and beautiful fall berries. You were hooked, but couldn't find a supplier. Through helping members of the Amer­ ican Horticultural Society who have found themselves in such a plight, I discovered a number of invaluable sources and ways to find the elusive "carrot on the stick." One such gem is the Andersen Horti­ cultural Library's Source List of Plants and Seeds, published by the Andersen Horti­ cultural Library at the Minnesota Land­ known nurseries. Under each company's know of another nursery that does carry scape Arboretum. Compiled from nursery listing is more information about the stock the plant you're after. Owners in particular catalogs dated fall 1988 to spring 1989, it carri~s and its catalog or price list. can provide fruitful leads to unusual plants. this paperback lists wholesale and retail For a font of information on sources of Many times they can explain why you are sources for over 40,000 commercially plants as well as their care, you can turn having such a hard time locating what you available plants in North America. The to the national plant societies or their want. plants are listed by botanical name but for chapters. I have often called the American If you do find the plant only to discover those not well-versed in Latin, there is an­ Rose Society for rose sources-they can that it cannot be shipped to your state, other list of common names with the cor­ locate one in a matter of minutes. When don't despair. The nursery is complying responding botanical names. This includes I wanted to find information on an ivy with your state agriculture department's almost every species, cultivar, hybrid, and source I called the American Ivy Society. quarantine laws, usually because the par­ variety you can imagine plus uncommon There are over 200 plant societies repre­ ticular plant is known to harbor a disease species of common plants. Nursery ad­ senting a vast range of sizes and sophis­ or pest that could threaten a major crop, dresses and phone numbers are given so tication. Some have extensive source banks nursery ornamental, or an indigenous plant. that plantseekers can request their catalogs and slide collections, several publications Often the mail-order nursery isn't shipping or just call in an order. and a whole host of handouts; others the plant because it does not have the re­ To assist those who are interested in a operate out of an officer's home, but sources to fumigate the plants and have broad category of plants, such as daylilies, nevertheless are the gateway to a network them inspected. If this plant is an "absolute rather than a particular cultivar or species, of extremely knowledgeable people. I have must have" for your garden, contact the I turn to Gardening by Mail by Barbara always found these fellow gardeners happy nursery owner and your state department J. Barton. Her book is a great source book to help and pass on their years of experience. of agriculture for the specifics on the quar­ for plants, products, gardening magazines, When you find a knowledgeably run antine law. It may require only a one-time associations, reference ' books, and horti­ nursery, don't overlook it as a source of a pesticide treatment to allow the plant in cultural libraries. Nursery sources are listed plant just because what you're seeking isn't the state. by the type of plant-such as bulbs, ge­ listed in the nursery's catalog. They may Some of your searches may lead you to raniums, or greenhouse/tropical plants­ only have a few or they may have stocked a foreign source, probably a specialty mail­ which is a great way to discover the lesser- it after the catalog came out, or they may order catalog. Ordering plants and seeds

38 JUNE 1990 Illustrations by Margaret Scott from Canadian nurseries is relatively sim­ berries are not. Most flower bulbs are al­ flowers harboring a potentially harmful ple because of the excellent relationship lowed but gladiolus bulbs from Africa, It­ organism. Such flowers are sent to a lab between our two countries and the fact aly, Malta, and Portugal are prohibited. where experts identify the pest. If the pest that few plants on either side pose signif­ There are restrictions pertaining to bonsais is already established in the United States, icant disease problems for the other. To and some other types of live plants; all the flowers can pass through. If not, they compensate for the different value of plants in soil are prohibited. are either fumigated or destroyed. American and Canadian dollars, Canadian Keeping up to date with the latest "can" Paul Aden, a professional plant hunter, companies may issue refunds, or keep the and "cannot" can be impossible, so be recently completed a trip to Japan. "Don't extra money, citing more expense and work forewarned and obtain a permit before your try bringing in anything associated with involved in shipping to the United States. trip. Write to the USDA's Animal and Plant the food industry: no fruit, no grain," Aden Ordering from other countries mayor Health Inspection Service (APHIS) for a warns. "It has to be strictly ornamental." may not be difficult depending upon where permit to bring plants into the country. Because procedures and quarantines in­ your horticultural desires lead you. Plants, APHIS will mail you a packet of infor­ volved in bringing plants into the country as opposed to seeds, pose more of a prob­ mation before your trip detailing proce­ are so complex, he advises against it unless lem due to their potential for harboring dures, quarantines, and forms to be aware you have a permit or are professionally diseases and insects. But if you see what of. This permit does not guarantee entry collecting. Professional plant hunters often you want in a foreign catalog, don't be of your plants, but it does provide the USDA have horticultural organizations, such as afraid to ask for it. The company will tell officials with the necessa ry paperwork and the U.S. National Arboretum, receive the you if it can be shipped to you. You gen­ it does inform you before your trip so you plants they collect overseas. Although they erally shouldn't have any difficulty ob­ don't waste time and money. must still fill out all the same forms and taining seeds: simply fill out the order form Upon returning, it is necessary to fill out obtain the necessary permits, shipping to and enclose an international money order. a customs declaration form. Airline a major garden's address lends their col­ Traveling and bringing plants in from a attendants collect the forms and signal the lecting "authenticity" and eases bringing foreign country yourself is another matter. USDA agents at the terminal to come to the collection home. You are responsible for adhering to Amer­ the customs area to inspect your plants. Obtaining that elusive plant can be frus­ ican regulations, the foreign country's reg­ Paul Sullivan, plant protection and trating and time-consuming. But when you ulations, and international agreements, such quarantine officer at John F. Kennedy Air­ finally find it and plant it in your garden, as the Convention on International Trade port in New York, sees hundreds of dif­ it can be as satisfying as fitting the last in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and ferent kinds of plants a day. Most do not piece in a puzzle. Briefly satisfying, any­ Flora (CITES) where they apply. Regula­ present a problem, but agents are strict. way, until you discover that there is still tions are complex; the entry status of prod­ "Absolutely no soil is allowed," warns Sul­ a piece missing .. .. ucts differs by the type of item, intended livan, because it can harbor nematodes. use, origin, and destination. For example, However, perlite, peat moss, sawdust, and Peggy Lytton is a former assistant editor seeds of most flowers, shrubs, trees, and wood shavings are all permissible. of American Horticulturist and former vegetables are allowed but seeds of co­ Sullivan says that occasionally a com­ director of AHS's Gardener's conuts, cotton, black currants, and coffee mercial airline will bring in a cargo of cut Information Service.

SOURCES:

To obtain the Andersen Horticultural Li­ brary'S Source List of Plants and Seeds send $29.95 to the Andersen Horticul­ tural Library, Minnesota Landscape Ar­ boretum, 3675 Arboretum Drive, Box 39, Chanhassen, MN 55317.

Gardening by Mail, published by Tusker Press, can be obtained through the AHS Book Service. It retails for $15.95; AHS member price is $9.57 (order no. HOUS05).

For a list of plant societies, please send a stamped, self-addressed envelope to Gardener's Information Service, Amer­ ican Horticultural Society, 7931 East Boulevard Drive, Alexandria, VA 22308.

To obtain a permit for bringing plants into the United States, write to USDA-APHIS, 6505 Bellcrest Road, Hyattsville, MD 20782, Attention: Permit Unit.

AMERICAN HORTICULTURIST 39 PLANT PROFILEIBY PATRICIA A. TAYLOR CORYDALIS High Praise, Low Availability

ention Corydalis to from May to September." knowledgeable garden­ Two species popular with British gar­ ers and there is instant deners are e. cashmeriana and e. ochro­ praise. Mention them leuca. The latter bears a white flower and to the staff of your local is naturalized throughout central and Mgarden center or to national mail-order western EHrope. It would probably be suit­ nurseries and you will probably get a blank able for many American gardens. "All forms stare or its long-distance equivalent. of fumitory are worth collecting," writes In short, this is a case of some wonderful British garden columnist Robin Lane Fox, plants that are almost impossible to find. "especially the pale cream-flowered e. Corydalis is a genus that would puzzle ochroleuca and they soon start seeding many a horticulture student. Among its themselves. " 300 species are tubers, herbaceous per­ Beth Chatto says in The Green Tapestry ennials, biennials, and annuals. Their na­ that she grows this plant in her reservoir tive territory spans all of the Northern garden, where "As the waves of Narcissus hemisphere and South Africa. and deep blue Siberica recede," their leaves Given this diversity, it isn't surprising are partially buried in fast-growing, frag­ that the height of the species varies from ile-looking Corydalis ochroleuca. four inches to four feet. They are members e. cashmeriana, hailing from the Him­ of the Fumariaceae family-and thus cous­ alayas, is one of the most beautiful-and ins to bleeding hearts and other Dicen­ challenging-of the species. Its flowers are tras-and many have elegant blue-green Corydalis sempervirens: habit, above, and a brilliant greenish blue and its stems are foliage. detail, right. red. The Color Dictionary of Flowers and What all these plants do have in com­ Plants says it is one of the most "sensa­ mon are cone-shaped flowers with only more often. Although Donald Wyman dis­ tional of all alpine plants." one spur. The flowers come in pinks, yel­ misses it curtly as "Not a very good or­ This plant thrives in Scotland and, ac­ lows, white, blues, and even, in the case namental" in his Gardening Encyclopedia, cording to Ruth Clausen and Nicolas Ek­ of our native e. sempervirens, purple-pink Mrs. William Starr Dana gives it a more strom's Perennials for American Gardens, with yellow tips. favorable description in her 1893 classic, would probably be suitable in our Pacific Though long known and grown, Cory­ How to Know the Wild Flowers: Northwest. The English can't resist trying dalis species have never been major at­ "From rocky clefts in the early summer to make a go of it. Transplanted American tractions in a garden scene. This is some­ woods springs the pale corydalis, its grace­ Lanning Roper described its color as "un­ what puzzling because most of the plants ful foliage dim with a whitish bloom, and forgettable" and growing it as a real chal­ are both attractive and easy to care for. its delicate rosy yellow-tipped flowers be­ lenge, even to the most experienced. Gar­ Two American species, e. aurea and e. traying, by their odd, flat corollas, their deners at the Royal Park at Windsor sempervirens, have been described in wild­ kinship with the Dutchman's breeches ... managed to coach a respectable showing flower books, but I have yet to come across Thoreau assigns them to the middle of May by planting it in a peat wall. one reference to them in a garden. e. aurea and says they are 'rarely met with,' which Here in Princeton, New Jersey, I have was described by W. B. McDougall and statement does not coincide with the ex­ personal acquaintance with three Cory­ Herma Baggley in their 1956 book The perience of those who find the rocky dalis species and cannot praise them highly Plants of Yellowstone National Park as "a woodlands each summer abundantly dec­ enough. e. bulbosa, e. cheilanthifolia, and low-spreading herb ... with numerous orated with their fragile clusters." e. lutea illustrate well the diversity of the yellow, irregular flowers." It sounds like This is a native plant that shade gar­ genus-their only common trait is that they a perfect candidate for the front of a sunny deners might want to track down. Ac­ are all about twelve inches tall-as well as border-if only someone would collect seed cording to H. W. Rickett's The Odyssey its beauty and ease of care. and offer it in the trade. Book of American Wildflowers, it "grows All three can be grown in sun or wood­ e. sempervirens appears in the literature in rocky woods, usually in the shade . .. land shade. Good drainage is a must. The

40 JUNE 1990 Above photo by Jerry Pavia ; right photo by David M. Stone: PHOTOINATS AMERICAN HORTICULTURIST 41 satisfactory for much of the country. C. bulbosa, sometimes dubbed purple fumewort, is grown in several Princeton gardens and is supposed to be hardy to minus 20° F. It is the kind of little treasure that seeds itself and is passed lovingly among gardening friends. Since it blooms in mid­ April, it fits well into areas that receive spring sun but summer shade. The leaves go dormant by late May. Often listed as C. salida, C. bulbosa is an old-fashioned flower, having been among the more popular plants in American gar­ dens a century ago, according to garden historian Ann Leighton. Its blue-green fo­ liage bears an elegant resemblance to that of the flat-leaf parsley and forms lovely mounds. Above these hover swarms of lav­ ender pink flowers, looking like a conven­ tion of winged fairies enjoying the first growth of spring. Henry Francis du Pont also grew this species at Winterthur. He planted a dou­ ble-flowered version, often listed as C. densiflora, around the base of winter hazel species (Corylopis pauciflora, platypetala, and spicata) . In early spring, the trees are covered with yellow-green flowers and the ground shimmers with the delicate lav­ ender pink blossoms of the corydalis. Corydalis lutea C. lutea, a European native with the pro­ SOURCES saic common name of yellow corydalis, is very best situation would be a humusy soil the most popular of the species and the in partial sun. While garden literature in­ COR YDALIS BULBOSA most readily available in the trade. Its blue­ dicates that Corydalis species are most Rice Creek Gardens, 1315 66th Avenue, green foliage can be found in gardens across happy among rocks, they seem perfectly N.E., Minneapolis, MN 55432, catalog most of the country, from shady nooks in content without them in my garden. free. the Boston area to sunny spots in southern Of the three, C. cheilanthifolia or fern­ California. Though it is supposed to like leaf corydalis is the most difficult to find. CORYDALIS LUTEA alkaline soil, it does well in my Princeton It is native to central China and was prob­ Andre Viette Farm & Nursery, Rt. 1, Box garden, where the industry-polluted rain­ ably introduced to this country fifty years 16, Fishersville, VA 22939, catalog $2. fall assures that the soil is acidic. ago when Henry Francis du Pont brought I would recommend this plant for its it to Winterthur, his magnificent Delaware Lamb Nursery, East 101 Sharp Avenue, foliage alone. It resembles that found on estate. There it has thrived and spread. Spokane, W A 99202, catalog free. thalictrums: blue-green, elegant, and just As its popular name implies, this plant perfect for the front of a border. But then has a warm green, fernlike foliage. In early Logee's Greenhouses, 55 North Street, beginning in May, bright yellow flowers April, a thick, spikelike stem, heavily clus­ Danielson, CT 06239, catalog $3. begin to appear on the tips of gossamer tered with yellow flowers, emerges from stems that peek from between the leaves. the spray of green leaves, making it one of CORYDALIS SOLIDA And those flowers keep on coming right the first herbaceous perennials to greet the Bundles of Bulbs, 112 Greenspring Valley into fall, lasting into November one year, new garden year. Road, Owing Mills, MD 21117, ca talog and always into October in my garden. The flowers last no more than three free. Yellow corydalis is a plant that requires weeks, but the foliage remains lush and neither fertiliz€r nor pesticide, that blooms attractive through the summer. In the fall, protected situation that tend to stay green. for almost half the year, and that does well it behaves erratically, with some turning The plant is so rare that references to in either sun or shade, and that is truly an extremely lovely yellow and the rest its hardiness are difficult to find. Its per­ elegant: definitely a plant that should be deciding to stay evergreen for the winter. formance at Winterthur, where it has sur­ in more gardens! I suspect that location has something to vived lows of minus 16° F, and Princeton, do with this performance: in my garden, where it has sailed through humid days in Patricia A. Taylor is the author of Easy it's the plants in heavier shade and a more the high 900s, indicates that it should be Care Perennials.

42 JUNE 1990 Ph oto by Jessie M. Harri s GARDEN ACCENTS Classifieds

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Exotic House are hardy plants homegrown in rich 1lIinois prairie p.o. BOx 645 Plants, 1,200 photos, $8.95. Circulars gladly soil. Each plant is freshly dug and hand packed. Corona del Mar, CA 92625 sent, ROEHRS COMPANY, Box 125, E. Ruth­ Send $4 (fully refundable on first order). Write erford, N] 07073. OUR LATEST CATALOGUE to KLEHM NURSERY, Route 5, Box 197cl, 1.00 CAROL DIDRICK'S LITTLE RED BOOK ON South Barrington, IL 60010-9555 or call toll OLD GARDEN ROSES. Where to get them and free-800-553-3 715.

AMERICAN HORTICULTURIST 43 GARDENING SUPPLIES C;REER C;~RDENS GOATSKIN GLOVES. Tough, lightweight, napa 1280 Goodpasture Island Rd., Eugene, OR 97401-1794 goatskin stretches and becomes form-fitting, giving wearer ultimate in fit, grip, dexterity. Specializing in -- Natural lanolin in leather keeps hands soft. Sizes EXOTIC Rhododendroru 7-10 or send outline of hand. $9.50 postpaid. UNUSUAL Japanese Maples PUTNAM'S, Box 295-AH, Wilton, NH 03086. RARE Trees & Shrubs GREENHOUSE ACCESSORIES SPECIAL Borum Materials COMPLETE MIST PROPAGATION SYS­ TEMS. Get phenomenal propagation results, EXCEPTlONAL COLOR CATALOG indoors-outdoors. Environment sensitive Offering 2000 kinds of plants - ONLY $3.00 controlled. FREE BROCHURES. AQUA­ WE SHIP ANYWHERE MONITOR, Dept. 4, Box 327, Huntington, NY Order our catalog by calling 1-800-548-0111 11743. (516) 427-5664. GROUND COVERS PACHYSANDRA-STURDY, HEAVILY ROOTED PLANTS FOR SHADED AREAS. Ppd.: 50-$15.50; 100-$27.95; 500-$114.95; 1,000-$205. First-class stock. Folder on re­ quest. PEEKSKILL NURSERIES, Box H, Shrub Oak, NY 10588. HELP WANTED We at the American Horticultmal Society are often asked to refer individuals for significant horticultural positions around the country. We are not in a position to offer full placement services to candidates or employers. However, as a service to our members, both individuals and employers alike, we would be very glad to receive reSumeS and cover letters of individuals seeking job changes and employers seeking can­ didates. All responsibility for checking refer­ ences and determining the appropriateness of both position and candidate rests with the in­ dividuals. AHS's participation in this activity is only to serve as a connecting point for members of the Society. Inquiries and informational ma­ terial should be sent to: Horticultural Employ­ ment, American Horticultural Society, 7931 East Boulevard Dr., Alexandria, VA 22308. HOSTA Lilypons Water Gardens AMERICA'S PREMIER HOSTA GROWER presents their NEW 84 page full color 1990 !BEgin you~ watE'1. gadw today with a 1!it onj. catalogUE. perennial catalog. Filled with the latest varieties yp from Paul Aden, plus many varieties of Peonies, fwtu~ing pagE aftE.~ pagE of bwutiful watE~ liliH, lotuj., bog Tree Peonies, Daylilies, Hosta, Ornamental planh, ~tatua~, and thE EHwtialj. fo~ kEEping it all wo~king Grasses, Iris and Companion Plants ... many foili, exclusives. All are hardy plants homegrown in togdhE'1.. rich Illinois prairie soil. All are containerized plants for all season shipping. Each plant is hand ...No pool? ChOO1.E a fobE'1.glaH o~ QX7)C pool fwm thE many 1.i=1. packed the way Grandma Klehm would have shipped it. Send $4 (fully refundable on first ihown in thE .£jlyponi catalogUE.. order). Write to KLEHM NURSERY, Route 5, Box 197cl, South Barrington, IL 60010-9555 or call toll free-800-553-3715. o Please send the new Lilypons catalogue plus informative HOUSEPLANTS newsletters with seasonal sales. Enclosed is $5.00. ORCHIDS, GESNERlADS, BEGONIAS, CACTI California (30{/), Maryland (25(/) and Texas (35{/) residents please add tax. & SUCCULENTS. Visitors welcome. 1990-91 catalog $2. LAURA Y OF SALISBURY, 432 Un­ Please rush my catalogue by first class mail. Enclosed is $6.75. o dermountain Rd., Salisbury, CT 06068. (203) 435-2263. o 1500 Amhort Road 0 1500 Lilypons Road 0 1500 LilYPoIIs Way P.O. Box 10 1'.0. Box 188 P.O. Box 1130 IRIS Lilypons, l\1D 21717 Brookshire, TX 77423-0188 11,ermal, CA 92274 Bearded Irises - 7 mixed named. $10 postpaid. (301) 874-5133 (713) 934-8525 Color catalog $2. Many iris types. COMAN­ CHE ACRES IRIS, Dept. AH, G0wer, MO 64454. JEWELRY Kame Address Beautifully hand crafted contemporary "tussie mussie" pins. (Watertight containers to keep City State Zip flowers fresh while you wear them!) Sterling silver or 14K gold. Send SASE for brochure: ------~ Susan Wood, P.O. Box 270953, Houston, TX 77277.

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AMERlCAN HORTICULTURIST 45 Pronunciations

Acanthus mollis a-KANTH-us MOLL-is C. densiflora C. den-sih-FLOR-ah Lonicera fragrantissima Achimenes a-kim-EE-neez C. lutea C. LOO-tee-a low-NISS-er-ah fray-gran-TIS-i-ma Aesculus octandra IES-ku-lus ock-TAN-dra C. ochroleuca C. oak-row-LEU-ca Lupinus polyphyllus Asclepias a-SKLEE-pee-us C. sempervirens C. sem-per-VIE-renz loo-PY-nus pol-ee-F1L-lus A. incarnata A. in-kar-NAH-tah C. solida C. SO-li-da Lythrum LITH-rum Betula pendula BET-ew-la PEN-dew-la Corylopsis pauciflora Miscanthus mis-KANTH-us Calycanthus floridus ko-ril-OP-sis paw-si-FLOR-ah Nymphaea fabiola ka-lee-KANTH-us FLO-ri-dus C. platypetala C. plat-ih-PET-ah-Ia nimf-IE-a FA Y-bee-oh-la Carya illinoinensis C. spicata C. spi-KAH-ta Pinus strobus PINE-us STRO-bus KA-ree-a ill-ih-noy-NEN-sis Dicentra di-SEN-tra Polygonum affine po-LI-go-num a-fEE-nee Cistus SIS-tus Echinocereus englemannii Quercus stellata KWER-kus ste-LATE-ah Claytonia klay-TOE-nee-a ee-KI-no-seer-e-us en-gel-MAN-nee-eye Rhexia aristosa REX-ee-uh air-is-TOE-sah C. caroliniana C. ka-ro-lin-ee-AH-na Eupatorium rugosum Rhododendron catawbiense Comptonia peregrina ew-pa-TO-ree-um roo-GO-sum ro-do-DEN-dron ka-taw-bee-EN-see komp-TON-ee-a pe-re-GREE-na Hymenoxys grandiflora Rosa moyesii RO-sa MOYZ-ee-eye Cordyline australis hy-men-OX-is grand-ih-FLOR-um Thermopsis caroliniana kor-di-L Y-ne aw-STRAIL-is Hypoxis hi-POKS-is ther-MOP-sis ka-ro-lin-ee-AH-na Corydalis aurea ko-RI-da-lis AW-ree-a Ipheion i-FA Y-on Utricularia inflata C. bulbosa C. bul-BO-sa Iris ensata EYE-ris en-SATE-ah ew-trik-ew-LAH-ree-ah in-FLA Y-tah C. cashmeriana C. kash-me-ree-AH-na Kalanchoe uniflora Zauschneria californica C. cheilanthifolia C. kay-lanth-i-FO-lee-a ka-LAN-ko-ee ew-ni-FLOR-ah zowsh-NE-ree-a ka-li-FORN-i-ka Zygadenus zi-ga-DA Y-nus

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46 JUNE 1990 JUNE 19·22, 1990 45TH ANNuAL MEETING SEATITE, VVASEITNGTON

JOIN fellow gardeners in the "Emerald City" LEARN about topics from "alpines" to ''waste management"

VISIT private gardens featured in Rosemary Verey's "An American Woman's Garden"

E~oy Bloedel Reserve, Washington Park Arboretum, Freeway Park, and the Rhododendron Species Foundation

HEAR Ann Lovejoy on perennials and Ken Gambrill on rhododendrons

ExPLORE on your own nearby nurseries, the locks and salmon ladders, Mt. St. Helens, Butchart Gardens, the San Juan Islands, and Vancouver MEET AHS award winners, past and present

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ROSES IN BLAZING COLORS