sign in sign up
<<
Home , Alismatales, Apiales, Asparagales, Asterales, Boraginales, Brassicales

2

AN ORDINAL The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group Anarthriaceae Ixioliriaceae Centrolepidaceae CLASSIFICATION Lanariaceae Laxmanniaceae Ecdeiocoleaceae FOR THE FAMILIES Eriocaulaceae OF FLOWERING Flagellariaceae Themidaceae Hydatellaceae Xanthorrhoeaceae Joinvilleaceae Xeronemataceae CLASSIFICATION OF FLOWERING PLANTS Hook.f. Prioniaceae Amborellaceae Restionaceae Austrobaileyaceae Taccaceae Thismiaceae Hydnoraceae Acorales Reveal Trichopodaceae Acoraceae

Nymphaeaceae Perleb Griseb. [+Cabombaceae] Dumort. Cannaceae Aponogetonaceae Heliconiaceae Lowiaceae Butomaceae Ceratophyllales Bisch. Ripogonaceae Perleb Posidoniaceae

Atherospermataceae Lindl. Ruppiaceae Gomortegaceae Scheuchzeriaceae Buxaceae Didymelaceae Sabiaceae Siparunaceae Bromhead [+Tetracentraceae] Agapanthaceae COMMELINOIDS Bromhead Agavaceae Dumort. Alliaceae Abolbodaceae Degeneriaceae Eupomatiaceae Anemarrhenaceae Anthericaceae Hanguanaceae Aphyllanthaceae Mayacaceae Dumort. Circaeasteraceae Dumort. Bromhead [+Kingdoniaceae] Behniaceae Arecaceae Eupteleaceae Lactoridaceae Blandfordiaceae Dumort. Convallariaceae Doryanthaceae [+Fumariaceae] Hemerocallidaceae [+Pteridophyllaceae] MONOCOTS Herreriaceae Hesperocallidaceae

Corsiaceae Hyacinthaceae Small Japonoliriaceae 3 4

CORE EUDICOTS Penthoraceae Dirachmaceae Pterostemonaceae Aextoxicaceae Berberidopsidaceae Tetracarpaeaceae Nothofagaceae Gunneraceae Rhoipteleaceae Myrothamnaceae Ticodendraceae Aphloiaceae Mart. Perleb EUROSIDS II Ixerbaceae Balanopaceae Krameriaceae Tapisciaceae Ancistrocladaceae Bromhead Asteropeiaceae Stachyuraceae [+Bretschneideraceae] Cactaceae Tristichaceae Bataceae Euphroniaceae Dumort. Goupiaceae Emblingiaceae Hugoniaceae Drosophyllaceae Koeberliniaceae Frankeniaceae [+Hypseocharitaceae] Greyiaceae Moringaceae Nepenthaceae Ledocarpaceae Pentadiplandraceae Physenaceae Malesherbiaceae Setchellanthaceae Medusagynaceae Tovariaceae EUROSIDS I Tropaeolaceae Rhabdodendraceae Celastraceae Dumort. Sarcobataceae Parnassiaceae [+Diegodendraceae] Stegnospermataceae [+Lepuropetalaceae] Stackhousiaceae Scyphostegiaceae Dumort. Dumort. Coriariaceae Misodendraceae Corynocarpaceae Heinze Cephalotaceae Datiscaceae Dumort. Rchb. Alzateaceae Cercidiphyllaceae Bromhead Fabaceae Tremandraceae Daphniphyllaceae Polygalaceae Heteropyxidaceae Grossulariaceae Quillajaceae Perleb Barbeyaceae Engl. Cecropiaceae Paeoniaceae Celtidaceae Oliniaceae 5 6

Onagraceae EUASTERIDS I EUASTERIDS II FAMILIES OF UNCERTAIN POSITION Psiloxylaceae Adoxaceae Rhynchocalycaceae Plocospermataceae Vahliaceae Carlemanniaceae Ctenolophonaceae Dumort. Lindl. [+Desfontainiaceae] Cynomoriaceae Aucubaceae Eremosynaceae Biebersteiniaceae Eucommiaceae Oncothecaceae Polyosmaceae Geissolomataceae Sphenostemonaceae Hoplestigmataceae Lindl. Tribelaceae Kaliphoraceae [+Peganaceae] Nakai Lissocarpaceae Lophopyxidaceae Medusandraceae Aralidiaceae Griseliniaceae Mitrastemonaceae Bromhead Melanophyllaceae Dumort. Avicenniaceae Plagiopteraceae [+ ] Senft Pottingeriaceae Byblidaceae Aquifoliaceae Cyclocheilaceae Helwingiaceae Strasburgeriaceae Hydrostachyaceae Phyllonomaceae Tepuianthaceae Lindl. Dumort. Myoporaceae [+] [+Lobeliaceae] Carpodetaceae Donatiaceae Fouquieriaceae Halesiaceae Pentaphragmataceae Phellinaceae Myrsinaceae

Pellicieraceae Dumort. Convolvulaceae Dumort. Roridulaceae Hydroleaceae Caprifoliaceae Montiniaceae Diervillaceae Solanaceae Dipsacaceae Sphenocleaceae Linnaeaceae Morinaceae Ternstroemiaceae Valerianaceae Tetrameristaceae

Theophrastaceae

7 8

ORDINAL SYNONYMS Connarales Takht. ex Reveal Elaeocarpales Takht. Haemodorales Hutch. Acanthales Lindl. Takht. ex Calycanthales Mart. = Cunoniales = Oxalidales = Commelinales = Lamiales Reveal = Laurales Convolvulales Dumort. Elatinales Nakai Haloragales Bromhead Acerales Lindl. - not accepted, at Calycerales Takht. ex Reveal = Solanales - not accepted, family = Saxifragales = Sapindales beginning of system = Asterales Coriariales Lindl. unplaced Griseb. Actinidiales Takht. ex Reveal Avenales Bromhead Rchb. = Cucurbitales Elodeales Nakai = Saxifragales = Ericales = Poales = Asterales Corylales Dumort. = Alismatales Hanguanales R.Dahlgren ex Adoxales Nakai Balanopales Engl. Cronquist = Fagales Empetrales Raf. Reveal - not accepted, family under = Malpighiales - not accepted, family at Corynocarpales Takht. = Ericales = not accepted, family under euasterids II Balanophorales Dumort. beginning of system = Cucurbitales Eriocaulales Nakai commelinoids Aesculales Bromhead - not accepted, family Cannales Dumort. Crassulales Lindl. = Poales Helleborales Nakai = Sapindales unplaced = Zingiberales = Saxifragales Eucommiales Nemejc ex = Ranunculales Agavales Hutch. Balsaminales Lindl. Hutch. Takht. ex Cronquist Helwingiales Takht. = Asparagales = Ericales = Brassicales Reveal = Garryales = Aquifoliales Alliales Traub Barbeyales Takht. & Reveal Caprifoliales Lindl. - not accepted, family under Euphorbiales Lindl. Himantandrales Doweld and = Asparagales = Rosales = Dipsacales rosids = Malpighiales Shevyryova Alstroemeriales Hutch. Batales Engl. Cardiopteridales Takht. Cunoniales Hutch. Eupomatiales Takht. ex Reveal = Magnoliales = Liliales = Brassicales - not accepted, family under = Oxalidales = Magnoliales Hippuridales Pulle ex Reveal Altingiales Doweld Begoniales Dumort. euasterids II Cyclanthales J.H.Schaffn. Eupteleales Hu ex Reveal = Lamiales = Saxifragales = Cucurbitales Carduales Small = Pandanales = Ranunculales Homaliales Bromhead Amaranthales Dumort. Berberidales Dumort. = Asterales Cymodoceales Nakai Euryalales H.L.Li = Malpighiales = Caryophyllales = Ranunculales Caricales L.D.Benson = Alismatales - not accepted, family at Hortensiales Griseb. Amaryllidales Bromhead Betulales Bromhead = Brassicales Cynomoriales Burnett beginning of system = Cornales = Asparagales = Fagales Cassiales Horan. - not accepted, family Ficales Dumort. Hydatellales Cronquist Ambrosiales Dumort. Biebersteiniales Takht. = Fabales unplaced = Rosales = Poales = Asterales = Sapindales Casuarinales Lindl. Cyperales Hutch. Flacourtiales Heinze Hydnorales Takht. ex Reveal Ammiales Small Bignoniales Lindl. = Fagales = Poales = Malpighiales - not accepted, family at = Apiales = Lamiales Baskerville Cytinales Dumort. Fouquieriales Takht. ex Reveal beginning of system Amomales Lindl. Bixales Lindl. - not accepted, family under - not accepted, family = Ericales Hydrangeales Nakai = Zingiberales = Malvales eurosids I unplaced Francoales Takht. = Cornales Ancistrocladales Takht. Dumort. Centrolepidales Takht. Daphnales Lindl. = Geraniales Hydrastidales Takht. = Caryophyllales - not accepted, family under = Poales = Malvales Frangulales Wirtg. = Ranunculales Annonales Lindl. euasterids I Cephalotales Nakai Daphniphyllales Pulle ex = Rosales Hydropeltidales (Bartl.) Spenn. = Magnoliales Brexiales Lindl. = Oxalidales Cronquist Galiales Bromhead - not accepted, family Anthobolales Dumort. - not accepted, family under Cercidiphyllales Hu ex Reveal = Saxifragales = Gentianales at beginning = Santalales eurosids I = Saxifragales Datiscales Dumort. Geissolomatales Takht. ex of system Apocynales Bromhead Dumort. Chenopodiales Dumort. = Cucurbitales Reveal Hydrostachyales Diels ex = Gentianales - not accepted, family under = Caryophyllales Desfontainiales Takht. - not accepted, family Reveal Aponogetonales Hutch. commelinoids Chironiales Griseb. - not accepted, family under unplaced = Cornales = Alismatales Dumort. = Gentianales euasterids II Gesneriales Dumort. Hypericales Dumort. Dumort. - not accepted, family under Chloranthales A.C.Sm. ex J.- Diapensiales Engl. & Gilg = Lamiales = Malpighiales = Alismatales euasterids II F.Leroy = Ericales Glaucidiales Takht. ex Reveal Hypoxidales Takht. Araliales Reveal Brunoniales Lindl. - not accepted, family at Didymelales Takht. = Ranunculales = Asparagales = Apiales = Asterales beginning of system - not accepted, family under Globulariales Dumort. Icacinales Tiegh. ex Reveal Aralidiales Takht. ex Reveal Burmanniales Heinze Cinchonales Lindl. eudicots = Lamiales - not accepted, family under = Apiales = Dioscoreales = Gentianales Hutch. Goodeniales Lindl. euasterids II Dumort. Burserales Baskerville Circaeasterales Takht. - not accepted, family under = Asterales Hu ex Cronquist = Piperales = Sapindales = Ranunculales core eudicots Greyiales Takht. - not accepted, family at Asarales Horan. Butomales Hutch. Cistales Rchb. Dioncophyllales Takht. ex = Geraniales beginning of system = Piperales = Alismatales = Malvales Reveal Grossulariales Lindl. Iridales Raf. Asclepiadales Dumort. Takht. ex Reveal Citrales Dumort. = Caryophyllales = Saxifragales = Asparagales = Gentianales - not accepted, family under = Sapindales Diospyrales Prantl Takht. ex Reveal Ixiales Lindl. Asteliales Dumort. eudicots Cocosales Nakai = Ericales - not accepted, family under = Asparagales = Asparagales Byblidales Nakai ex Reveal = Arecales Droserales Griseb. core eudicots Jasminales Dumort. Atriplicales Horan. = Lamiales Colchicales Dumort. = Caryophyllales Gyrocarpales Dumort. = Lamiales = Caryophyllales Cactales Dumort. = Liliales Ebenales Engl. = Laurales Juglandales Dumort. Aucubales Takht. = Caryophyllales Combretales Baskerville = Ericales Gyrostemonales Takht. = Fagales = Garryales Callitrichales Dumort. = Myrtales Elaeagnales Bromhead = Brassicales Julianiales Engl. = Lamiales = Rosales = Sapindales 9 10

Juncaginales Hutch. Mitrastemonales Makino Paridales Dumort. Dumort. Sedales Rchb. Tropaeolales Takht. ex Reveal = Alismatales - not accepted, family = Liliales = Rosales = Saxifragales = Brassicales Juncales Dumort. unplaced Parnassiales Nakai Rhinanthales Dumort. Silenales Lindl. Turnerales Dumort. = Poales Monimiales Dumort. - not accepted, family under = Lamiales = Caryophyllales = Malpighiales Lacistematales Baskerville = Laurales eurosids I Rhizophorales Tiegh. ex Reveal Simmondsiales Reveal Typhales Dumort. = Malpighiales Moringales Nakai Passiflorales Dumort. = Malpighiales = Caryophyllales = Poales Lactoridales Takht. ex Reveal = Brassicales = Malpighiales Rhodorales Horan. Smilacales Lindl. Ulmales Lindl. = Piperales Myricales Engl. Penaeales Lindl. = Ericales = Liliales = Rosales Lardizabalales Loconte = Fagales = Myrtales Rhoipteleales Novák ex Reveal Stellariales Dumort. Dumort. = Ranunculales Myristicales Thomé Petiveriales Lindl. = Fagales = Caryophyllales = Rosales Lecythidales Cronquist = Magnoliales = Caryophyllales Roridulales Nakai Stylidiales Takht. ex Reveal Vacciniales Dumort. = Ericales Myrothamnales Nakai ex Petrosaviales Takht. = Ericales = Asterales = Ericales Leitneriales Engl. Reveal - not accepted, family under Rubiales Dumort. Styracales Bisch. Vallisneriales Nakai = Sapindales - not accepted, family under monocots = Gentianales = Ericales = Alismatales Lentibulariales Lindl. core eudicots Philydrales Dumort. Ruppiales Nakai Taccales Dumort. Velloziales R.Dahlgren ex = Lamiales Myrsinales Spenn. = Commelinales = Alismatales = Dioscoreales Reveal Ligustrales Bartl. ex Bisch. = Ericales Physenales Takht. Rutales Perleb Tamales Dumort. = Pandanales = Lamiales Dumort. = Caryophyllales = Sapindales = Dioscoreales Veratrales Dumort. Limnanthales Nakai = Alismatales Pinguiculales Dumort. Sabiales Takht. Tamaricales Hutch. = Liliales = Brassicales Narcissales Dumort. = Lamiales = not accepted, family under = Caryophyllales Verbenales Horan. Linales Baskerville = Asparagales Pittosporales Lindl. eudicots Tecophilaeales Traub ex Reveal = Lamiales = Malpighiales Nartheciales Reveal & Zomlefer = Apiales Salicales Lindl. = Asparagales Viburnales Dumort. Loasales Bessey - not accepted, family under Plantaginales Lindl. = Malpighiales Lindl. - not accepted, family under = Cornales monocots = Lamiales Salvadorales R.Dahlgren ex = Ericales euasterids II Loganiales Lindl. Nelumbonales Reveal Platanales J.H.Schaffn. Reveal Theligonales Nakai Vincales Horan. = Gentianales = Proteales = Proteales = Brassicales = Gentianales = Gentianales Lonicerales T.Liebe Dumort. Plumbaginales Lindl. Samolales Dumort. Thymelaeales Willk. Perleb = Dipsacales = Caryophyllales = Caryophyllales = Ericales = Malvales = Malpighiales Loranthales Dumort. Nolanales Lindl. Podophyllales Dumort. Samydales Dumort. Tiliales Caruel Vitales Reveal = Santalales = Solanales = Ranunculales = Malpighiales = Malvales - not accepted, family under Lythrales Caruel Nyctaginales Dumort. Podostemales Lindl. Sanguisorbales Dumort. Tofieldiales Reveal & Zomlefer core eudicots = Myrtales = Caryophyllales = not accepted, family under = Rosales = Alismatales Vochysiales Dumort. Marathrales Dumort. Dumort. rosids Sapotales Hook f. Torricelliales Takht. ex Reveal = Myrtales - not accepted, family = not accepted, family at Polemoniales Bromhead = Ericales = Apiales Winterales A.C.Sm. ex Reveal Podostemaceae under rosids beginning of system = Ericales Sarraceniales Bromhead Tovariales Nakai - not accepted, family at Mayacales Nakai Ochnales Hutch. ex Reveal Polygalales Dumort. = Ericales = Brassicales beginning of system - not accepted, family under = Malpighiales = Fabales Scheuchzeriales B.Boivin Trilliales Takht. Xyridales Lindl. commelinoids Oenotherales Bromhead Polygonales Dumort. = Alismatales = Liliales = Poales Medusagynales Takht. = Myrtales = Caryophyllales Scleranthales Dumort. Hook.f. Zosterales Nakai = Malpighiales Olacales Benth. Pontederiales Hook f. = Caryophyllales - not accepted, family under = Alismatales Medusandrales Brenan = Santalales = Commelinales Scrophulariales Lindl. monocots Takht. - not accepted, family Oleales Lindl. Portulacales Dumort. = Lamiales Trochodendrales Takht. ex - not accepted, family under unplaced = Lamiales = Caryophyllales Scyphostegiales Croizat Cronquist rosids Melanthiales R.Dahlgren ex Onagrales Rchb. Posidoniales Nakai = Malpighiales - not accepted, family under Reveal = Myrtales = Alismatales eudicots = Liliales Opuntiales Willk. Potamogetonales Dumort. Melastomatales Oliv. = Caryophyllales = Alismatales = Myrtales Raf. Primulales Dumort. Meliales Lindl. = Asparagales = Ericales = Sapindales Paeoniales Heinze Quercales Burnett Menispermales Bromhead = Saxifragales = Fagales = Ranunculales Pandales Engl. & Gilg Rafflesiales Oliv. Menyanthales T.Yamaz. ex = Malpighiales - not accepted, family at Takht. Papaverales Dumort. beginning of system = Asterales = Ranunculales Resedales Dumort. Metteniusales Takht. Paracryphiales Takht. = Brassicales - not accepted, family - not accepted, family Restionales J.H.Schaffn. unplaced unplaced = Poales 11 12

SELECTED FAMILIAL SYNONYMS Napoleonaceae = Lecythidaceae Scepaceae = Euphorbiaceae Abrophyllaceae = Carpodetaceae Conostylidaceae = Haemodoraceae Gyrocarpaceae = Hernandiaceae Naucleaceae = Rubiaceae = Olacaceae Acanthochlamydaceae = Cordiaceae = Boraginaceae Halophilaceae = Hydrocharitaceae Nectaropetalaceae = Erythroxylaceae Sclerophylacaceae = Solanaceae Velloziaceae Coridaceae = Primulaceae Halophytaceae = Amaranthaceae Nelsoniaceae = Acanthaceae Scoliopaceae = Liliaceae = Sapindaceae Corokiaceae = Argophyllaceae Hectorellaceae = Portulacaceae Nemacladaceae = Campanulaceae Scybaliaceae = Balanophoraceae Achradaceae = Sapotaceae Corylaceae = Betulaceae Heliotropiaceae = Boraginaceae Nesogenaceae = Cyclocheilaceae Scytopetalaceae = Lecythidaceae Aegicerataceae = Myrsinaceae Croomiaceae = Stemonaceae Heloniadaceae = Melanthiaceae Nolanaceae = Solanaceae Selaginaceae = Scrophulariaceae Agdestidaceae = Phytolaccaceae Cruciferae = Brassicaceae Helosidaceae = Balanophoraceae Nolinaceae = Convallariaceae Sesamaceae = Pedaliaceae Aitoniaceae = Meliaceae Curtisiaceae = Cornaceae Henriqueziaceae = Rubiaceae Nupharaceae = Nymphaeaceae Sesuviaceae = Aizoaceae Alangiaceae = Cornaceae Cuscutaceae = Convolvulaceae Hippocastanaceae = Sapindaceae Nyctanthaceae = Oleaceae Simethidaceae = Hemerocallidaceae Aloaceae = Asphodelaceae Cyananthaceae = Campanulaceae Hippocrateaceae = Celastraceae Nyssaceae = Cornaceae Siphonodontaceae = Celastraceae Alsinaceae = Caryophyllaceae Cyanastraceae = Tecophilaeaceae Hippuridaceae = Plantaginaceae = Olacaceae = Lythraceae Ambrosiaceae = Asteraceae Cynocrambaceae nom. illeg. = Hortoniaceae = Monimiaceae Oftiaceae = Scrophulariaceae Spigeliaceae = Loganiaceae Amygdalaceae = Rosaceae Rubiaceae Hostaceae = Agavaceae Ophiopogonaceae = Convallariaceae Stenomeridaceae = Dioscoreaceae Androstachyaceae = Euphorbiaceae Cyphiaceae = Campanulaceae Humbertiaceae = Convolvulaceae Osyridaceae = Santalaceae = Malvaceae Antoniaceae = Loganiaceae Cyphocarpaceae = Campanulaceae Hydrastidaceae = Ranunculaceae Pachysandraceae = Buxaceae Stilaginaceae = Euphorbiaceae = Rafflesiaceae Cypripediaceae = Orchidaceae Hydrocotylaceae = Araliaceae Palmae = Arecaceae Strychnaceae = Loganiaceae Apostasiaceae = Orchidaceae Dactylanthaceae = Balanophoraceae Hydropeltidaceae = Nymphaeaceae Papilionaceae = Fabaceae Stylobasiaceae = Surianaceae = Olacaceae Davidiaceae = Cornaceae Hydrophyllaceae = Boraginaceae Peganaceae = Nitrariaceae Stylocerataceae = Buxaceae Aristoteliaceae = Elaeocarpaceae Davidsoniaceae = Cunoniaceae Hymenocardiaceae = Euphorbiaceae Pentastemonaceae = Stemonaceae Symphoremataceae = Lamiaceae Asclepiadaceae = Apocynaceae Decaisneaceae = Lardizabalaceae Hypecoaceae = Papaveraceae Peperomiaceae = Piperaceae Syringaceae = Oleaceae Asteranthaceae = Lecythidaceae Desfontainiaceae = Columelliaceae = Clusiaceae Periplocaceae = Apocynaceae Tetracentraceae = Trochodendraceae Averrhoaceae = Oxalidaceae Dialypetalanthaceae = Rubiaceae Hypseocharitaceae = Geraniaceae Peripterygiaceae = Cardiopteridaceae Tetradiclidaceae = Peganaceae Avetraceae = Dioscoreaceae Dianellaceae = Hemerocallidaceae Idiospermaceae = Calycanthaceae Petermanniaceae = Colchicaceae Tetragoniaceae = Aizoaceae Balanitaceae = Zygophyllaceae Dichondraceae = Convolvulaceae Illecebraceae = Caryophyllaceae = Phytolaccaceae Tetrastylidiaceae = Olacaceae Barbeiuaceae = Phytolaccaceae Diclidantheraceae = Polygalaceae Jasionaceae = Campanulaceae Philadelphaceae = Hydrangeaceae Thalassiaceae = Hydrocharitaceae Barclayaceae = Nymphaeaceae Diegodendraceae = Bixaceae Jasminiaceae = Oleaceae Phormiaceae = Hemerocallidaceae Theligonaceae = Rubiaceae Barringtoniaceae = Lecythidaceae Dionaeaceae = Droseraceae Johnsoniaceae = Hemerocallidaceae Phylicaceae = Rhamnaceae Thunbergiaceae = Acanthaceae Baueraceae = Cunoniaceae Dracaenaceae = Convallariaceae Julianiaceae = Anacardiaceae = Euphorbiaceae = Malvaceae Baxteriaceae = Dasypogonaceae Duabangaceae = Lythraceae Kiggelariaceae = Flacourtiaceae Pinguiculaceae = Lentibulariaceae Trapaceae = Lythraceae Bembiciaceae = Flacourtiaceae Duckeodendraceae = Solanaceae Kingdoniaceae = Circaeasteraceae Pistaciaceae = Anacardiaceae Trapellaceae = Pedaliaceae Berzeliaceae = Bruniaceae Dulongiaceae nom. illeg. = Kirengeshomaceae = Hydrangeaceae Pistiaceae = Araceae Tribulaceae = Zygophyllaceae Bischofiaceae = Euphorbiaceae Phyllonomaceae Labiatae = Lamiaceae Platystemonaceae = Papaveraceae Tricyrtidaceae = Liliaceae Blepharocaryaceae = Anacardiaceae Dysphaniaceae = Amaranthaceae Langsdorffiaceae = Balanophoraceae Plumeriaceae = Apocynaceae = Melanthiaceae Boerlagellaceae = Sapotaceae Ehretiaceae = Boraginaceae Leeaceae = Vitaceae Podoaceae = Anacardiaceae Triplostegiaceae = Valerianaceae = Malvaceae Ellisiophyllaceae = Scrophulariaceae Leguminosae = Fabaceae Podophyllaceae = Berberidaceae Uapacaceae = Euphorbiaceae Boopidaceae = Calyceraceae Empetraceae = Ericaceae Leitneriaceae = Simaroubaceae Polygonanthaceae = Ullucaceae = Basellaceae Bretschneideraceae = Akaniaceae Epacridaceae = Ericaceae Lemnaceae = Araceae Anisophylleaceae Umbelliferae = Apiaceae Brexiaceae = Celastraceae = Santalaceae Lenoaceae = Boraginaceae Potaliaceae = Gentianaceae Utriculariaceae = Lentibulariaceae Brunelliaceae = Cunoniaceae Eriospermaceae = Convallariaceae Leoniaceae = Violaceae Ptaeroxylaceae = Rutaceae Uvulariaceae = Colchicaceae Brunoniaceae = Goodeniaceae Erycibaceae = Convolvulaceae Lepuropetalaceae = Parnassiaceae Pteridophyllaceae = Papaveraceae Vacciniaceae = Ericaceae Bumeliaceae = Sapotaceae Erythropalaceae = Olacaceae Lilaeaceae = Juncaginaceae Punicaceae = Lythraceae Viburnaceae = Adoxaceae Burchardiaceae = Colchicaceae Eucryphiaceae = Cunoniaceae Limoniaceae = Plumbaginaceae Pyrolaceae = Ericaceae = Santalaceae Byttneriaceae = Malvaceae Euryalaceae = Nymphaeaceae Liriodendraceae = Magnoliaceae Ranzaniaceae = Berberidaceae Viticaceae = Lamiaceae Cabombaceae = Nymphaeaceae Exocarpaceae = Santalaceae Lobeliaceae = Campanulaceae Reaumuriaceae = Tamaricaceae Walleriaceae = Tecophilaeaceae Caesalpiniaceae = Fabaceae Flindersiaceae = Rutaceae Lomandraceae = Laxmanniaceae Retziaceae = Stilbaceae Wellstediaceae = Boraginaceae Calectasiaceae = Dasypogonaceae Foetidiaceae = Lecythidaceae Lophiraceae = Ochnaceae Rhinanthaceae = Orobanchaceae Xanthophyllaceae = Polygalaceae Callitrichaceae = Plantaginaceae Frangulaceae = Rhamnaceae Lophophytaceae = Balanophoraceae Rhodoleiaceae = Hamamelidaceae Xerophyllaceae = Melanthiaceae Calochortaceae = Liliaceae Fumariaceae = Papaveraceae Luxemburgiaceae = Ochnaceae Rhopalocarpaceae = Zannichelliaceae = Camelliaceae = Theaceae Funkiaceae = Agavaceae Malaceae = Rosaceae Sphaerosepalaceae Potamogetonaceae Canotiaceae = Celastraceae Galacaceae = Diapensiaceae Martyniaceae = Pedaliaceae Rhynchothecaceae = Ledocarpaceae Cansjeraceae = Opiliaceae Geitonoplesiaceae = Mastixiaceae = Cornaceae Roxburghiaceae = Stemonaceae = Brassicaceae Hemerocallidaceae Medeolaceae = Liliaceae Ruscaceae = Convallariaceae Carduaceae = Asteraceae Geniostomaceae = Loganiaceae Meliosmaceae = Sabiaceae Saccifoliaceae = Gentianaceae Cassythaceae = Lauraceae Geosiridaceae = Iridaceae Mendonciaceae = Acanthaceae Salaciaceae = Celastraceae Chailletiaceae = Dichapetalaceae Gisekiaceae = Phytolaccaceae Mesembryanthemaceae = Aizoaceae Salicorniaceae = Amaranthaceae Chenopodiaceae = Amaranthaceae Glaucidiaceae = Ranunculaceae Mimosaceae = Fabaceae Salpiglossidaceae = Solanaceae Chionographidaceae = Globulariaceae = Plantaginaceae Monotaceae = Dipterocarpaceae Sambucaceae = Adoxaceae Melanthiaceae Goetzeaceae = Solanaceae Monotropaceae = Ericaceae Samolaceae = Primulaceae Chloanthaceae = Lamiaceae Gonystylaceae = Thymelaeaceae Mouririaceae = Memecylaceae Saniculaceae = Apiaceae Cichoriaceae = Asteraceae Gouaniaceae = Rhamnaceae Moutabeaceae = Polygalaceae Sarcophytaceae = Balanophoraceae = Brassicaceae Gramineae = Poaceae Myriophyllaceae = Haloragaceae Sarcospermataceae = Sapotaceae = Rutaceae Gronoviaceae = Loasaceae Mystropetalaceae = Balanophoraceae Sargentodoxaceae = Lardizabalaceae Cobaeaceae = Polemoniaceae Gustaviaceae = Lecythidaceae Najadaceae = Hydrocharitaceae Saurauiaceae = Actinidiaceae Compositae = Asteraceae Guttiferae = Clusiaceae Nandinaceae = Berberidaceae Sauvagesiaceae = Ochnaceae Scaevolaceae = Goodeniaceae 13

Ceratophyllales 100/75 Laurales 100/54 Magnoliales 95/Š Piperales

99/55 Acorales 95/88

monocots Alismatales 58/59 99/66 96/100 Asparagales 99/83 Dioscoreales 100/100 99/68

angiosperms Pandanales 84/87 Liliales 100/99 Arecales 68/Š 67/Š Š/Š 95/Š Poales 82/Š Commelinales commelinoids 100/83 Zingiberales 98/88 85/Š Ranunculales 100/99 Proteales 100/80 100/99 Caryophyllales eudicots Santalales 98/Š 80/Š Saxifragales 59/Š 100/72 Geraniales 100/Š Malpighiales 77/55 Oxalidales 98/95 68/Š 100/77 Fabales 99/58 eurosid I rosids Š/Š Rosales 100/Š 100/94 core eudicots 60/Š Cucurbitales 100/89 Fagales 100/99 Myrtales 100/94 95/Š Brassicales 100/94 eurosid II 51/Š Malvales 100/98 Sapindales 98/Š 98/85 Cornales 82/98 Ericales 100/Š Garryales asterids 56/89 100/99 Gentianales 99/Š 100/96 euasterid I Lamiales 89/Š 96/Š Solanales 100/92 Aquifoliales 88/Š 100/22 Apiales 97/Š 94/85 euasterid II 86/96 Asterales Dipsacales

Figure 1. Phylogenetic interrelationships of the orders of flowering plants, compiled from recent cladistic analyses cited in the text. Jackknife support is given on the branches (a dash for values <50%), first jackknife values from analysis of 545 sequences of the rbcL, atpB, and 18S rDNA (D. E. Soltis, M. W. Chase, P. S. Soltis, D. Albach, M. E. Mort, V. Savolainen, M. Zanis, and J. S. Farris, unpublished, in preparation) and second jackknife values from analysis of 2538 rbcL sequences (Källersjö et al., 1998).