Altered Sensations Archimedes NEW STUDIES in the HISTORY of SCIENCE and TECHNOLOGY
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The Jewish Middle Class in Vienna in the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries
The Jewish Middle Class in Vienna in the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries Erika Weinzierl Emeritus Professor of History University of Vienna Working Paper 01-1 October 2003 ©2003 by the Center for Austrian Studies (CAS). Permission to reproduce must generally be obtained from CAS. Copying is permitted in accordance with the fair use guidelines of the U.S. Copyright Act of 1976. CAS permits the following additional educational uses without permission or payment of fees: academic libraries may place copies of CAS Working Papers on reserve (in multiple photocopied or electronically retrievable form) for students enrolled in specific courses; teachers may reproduce or have reproduced multiple copies (in photocopied or electronic form) for students in their courses. Those wishing to reproduce CAS Working Papers for any other purpose (general distribution, advertising or promotion, creating new collective works, resale, etc.) must obtain permission from the Center for Austrian Studies, University of Minnesota, 314 Social Sciences Building, 267 19th Avenue S., Minneapolis MN 55455. Tel: 612-624-9811; fax: 612-626-9004; e-mail: [email protected] 1 Introduction: The Rise of the Viennese Jewish Middle Class The rapid burgeoning and advancement of the Jewish middle class in Vienna commenced with the achievement of fully equal civil and legal rights in the Fundamental Laws of December 1867 and the inter-confessional Settlement (Ausgleich) of 1868. It was the victory of liberalism and the constitutional state, a victory which had immediate and phenomenal demographic and social consequences. In 1857, Vienna had a total population of 287,824, of which 6,217 (2.16 per cent) were Jews. -
The Tuning Fork: an Amazing Acoustics Apparatus
FEATURED ARTICLE The Tuning Fork: An Amazing Acoustics Apparatus Daniel A. Russell It seems like such a simple device: a U-shaped piece of metal and Helmholtz resonators were two of the most impor- with a stem to hold it; a simple mechanical object that, when tant items of equipment in an acoustics laboratory. In 1834, struck lightly, produces a single-frequency pure tone. And Johann Scheibler, a silk manufacturer without a scientific yet, this simple appearance is deceptive because a tuning background, created a tonometer, a set of precisely tuned fork exhibits several complicated vibroacoustic phenomena. resonators (in this case tuning forks, although others used A tuning fork vibrates with several symmetrical and asym- Helmholtz resonators) used to determine the frequency of metrical flexural bending modes; it exhibits the nonlinear another sound, essentially a mechanical frequency ana- phenomenon of integer harmonics for large-amplitude lyzer. Scheibler’s tonometer consisted of 56 tuning forks, displacements; and the stem oscillates at the octave of the spanning the octave from A3 220 Hz to A4 440 Hz in steps fundamental frequency of the tines even though the tines of 4 Hz (Helmholtz, 1885, p. 441); he achieved this accu- have no octave component. A tuning fork radiates sound as racy by modifying each fork until it produced exactly 4 a linear quadrupole source, with a distinct transition from beats per second with the preceding fork in the set. At the a complicated near-field to a simpler far-field radiation pat- 1876 Philadelphia Centennial Exposition, Rudolph Koenig, tern. This transition from near field to far field can be seen the premier manufacturer of acoustics apparatus during in the directivity patterns, time-averaged vector intensity, the second half of the nineteenth century, displayed his and the phase relationship between pressure and particle Grand Tonometer with 692 precision tuning forks ranging velocity. -
Apparatus Named After Our Academic Ancestors, III
Digital Kenyon: Research, Scholarship, and Creative Exchange Faculty Publications Physics 2014 Apparatus Named After Our Academic Ancestors, III Tom Greenslade Kenyon College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digital.kenyon.edu/physics_publications Part of the Physics Commons Recommended Citation “Apparatus Named After Our Academic Ancestors III”, The Physics Teacher, 52, 360-363 (2014) This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Physics at Digital Kenyon: Research, Scholarship, and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of Digital Kenyon: Research, Scholarship, and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Apparatus Named After Our Academic Ancestors, III Thomas B. Greenslade Jr. Citation: The Physics Teacher 52, 360 (2014); doi: 10.1119/1.4893092 View online: http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.4893092 View Table of Contents: http://scitation.aip.org/content/aapt/journal/tpt/52/6?ver=pdfcov Published by the American Association of Physics Teachers Articles you may be interested in Crystal (Xal) radios for learning physics Phys. Teach. 53, 317 (2015); 10.1119/1.4917450 Apparatus Named After Our Academic Ancestors — II Phys. Teach. 49, 28 (2011); 10.1119/1.3527751 Apparatus Named After Our Academic Ancestors — I Phys. Teach. 48, 604 (2010); 10.1119/1.3517028 Physics Northwest: An Academic Alliance Phys. Teach. 45, 421 (2007); 10.1119/1.2783150 From Our Files Phys. Teach. 41, 123 (2003); 10.1119/1.1542054 This article is copyrighted as indicated in the article. Reuse of AAPT content is subject to the terms at: http://scitation.aip.org/termsconditions. -
ORL Et Universitaire En Chirurgie
1 UNIVERSITÉ DE NANTES 2004 THÈSE DE MÉDECINE QUALIFICATION EN MÉDECINE GÉNÉRALE Soutenue le 11 juin 2004 NOM : BOULANGER PRENOM : JEROME Titre de Thèse : La célébrité mondiale d’un otologiste nantais, Maurice Sourdille Maurice Sourdille était un otologiste qui vécu à Nantes entre les deux guerres mondiales. Il eut une carrière exceptionnelle tant par son parcours professionnel, que par les travaux qu’il mena sur la chirurgie de la surdité. Fait extraordinaire, il réalisa la majeure partie de ses travaux dans le cadre d’une clientèle privée d’O.R.L. installé en ville à Nantes alors qu’il était en même temps professeur de chirurgie générale à l’école de médecine. Il fit ainsi des découvertes qui constituent une des bases de la spécialité actuelle. Il fut aussi l’un des premiers en France à intervenir sur l’hypophyse. Ses innovations furent mal comprises par ses confrères français. Cet accueil changea lorsqu’au lendemain de la guerre ils réalisèrent que les confrères américains les avaient adoptées. Cet homme d’exception reste peu connu en France, alors qu’il eut une réputation internationale, fit partie de l’Académie de Médecine et fut fortement pressenti pour obtenir le Prix Nobel. MOTS-CLES Maurice Sourdille, précurseur de l’otologie, otospongiose, suppuration chronique de l’oreille, lambeau tympanoméatal, microscope opératoire, clinique sourdille, chirurgie transnasale de l’hypophyse. 2 INTRODUCTION 5 I. Maurice Sourdille, pionnier de l’otologie moderne 6 II. Vie privée 7 A. Sa famille 7 B. Maurice Sourdille 8 III. Naissance de l’O.R.L. en France 9 CHAPITRE I 11 L’ITINERAIRE PROFESSIONNEL 11 I. -
The Potential of Phythotherapy in Otorhinolaryngology 359
The potential of phythotherapy in otorhinolaryngology 359 © Wydawnictwo UR 2018 http://www.ejcem.ur.edu.pl/en/ ISSN 2544-1361 (online); ISSN 2544-2406 European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine doi: 10.15584/ejcem.2018.4.15 Eur J Clin Exp Med 2018; 16 (4): 359–365 REVIEW PAPER Wojciech Domka 1(ABDGF), David Aebisher 2 (ABDGF), Zuzanna Bober 3(AB), Łukasz Ożóg 4(AB), Dorota Bartusik-Aebisher 5(ABCDGF) The potential of phythotherapy in otorhinolaryngology 1 Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszów, Poland 2 Department of Human Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszów, Poland 3 Department of Electroradiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszów, Poland 4 Centre for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszów, Poland 5 Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszów, Poland Abstract Introduction. The objective of this paper is to review the evidence of the use of herbs in phytotherapy. Aim. To discuss plant properties and applications in otorhinolaryngology. Materials and methods. We analysed literature and collected information of phythotherapy in otorhinolaryngology. Results. The databases were searched using various keywords such as phytotherapy, otorhinolaryngology, and herbs such as: echinacea, eucalyptus, garlic, ginkgo, ginseng, kava, pelargonium sidoides, rosemary, spirulina, St John’s wort, and thyme. Conclusions. Due to the beneficial impact of meicinal plants in medicine there is a growing interest in analytical identification and quantification for clinical medicine and forensic toxicology. Keywords. phytotherapy, medicinal plants, otorhinolaryngology Introduction to Phytotherapy ing each plant and wrote the first International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. -
Early Use of the Scott-Koenig Phonautograph for Documenting Performance G
Acoustics 08 Paris Early use of the Scott-Koenig phonautograph for documenting performance G. Brock-Nannestada and J.-M. Fontaineb aPatent Tactics, Resedavej 40, DK-2820 Gentofte, Denmark bUniversit´eUPMC - Minist`erede la Culture - CNRS - IJRA - LAM, 11, rue de Lourmel, F-75015 Paris, France [email protected] 6239 Acoustics 08 Paris Acoustics of phenomena in the air in the 1850s combined listening, observation and tabulation. This was "real-time", catching any phenomenon as it appeared. If it was repeatable, one could be prepared. Continuous, rather than tabular data enabled a very different analysis from observation plus notebooks. Édouard-Léon Scott's invention of the phonautograph enabled this. A surface moved below a stylus vibrated by sound in air. Originally the surface was a blackened glass plate, and it became a sheet of blackened paper. The scientific instrument maker Rudolph Koenig contributed his craftsmanship by building a very professional apparatus. A two-dimensional representation of the individual vibrations was obtained. Scott deposited a sealed letter with the Paris Academy of Sciences in January, 1857 and filed a patent application in April, 1857. Later he deposited a further sealed letter and in 1859 he filed an application for patent of addition. Analyzing the thoughts expressed and documented in his manuscripts and by Koenig's licensed production it is feasible to see how they were dependent on each other, although they had different purposes in mind. The paper concentrates on Scott's interests in performance vs. Koenig's in partials, and the structure of original tracings are discussed. the air". Phillips [7] provides a very lucid explanation for these observations. -
Goldenbooksnorlbd
goldenBOOK21x27SNORL- 2/10/08 11:20 Page 1 Syndicat National des Médecins Spécialisés en O.R.L et Chirurgie Cervico faciale (SNORL) Centenaire 1908 - 2008 Illustration : © BIUM - Examen du larynx au moyen de l’appareil Killian. goldenBOOK21x27SNORL- 29/09/08 22:23 Page 2 Photo : Getty Image Audition Conseil des spécialistes de confi ance C Les audioprothésistes Audition Conseil sont des spécialistes de la correction auditive qui privilégient la qualité, démarche qui se traduit par une écoute attentive, un accompagnement individualisé et un suivi régulier. Avec le contrat «Points Bleus» et sa garantie SATISFACTION, les patients sont assurés de bénéficier du meilleur confort auditif. Par ce contrat, les spécialistes Audition Conseil s’engagent à tout mettre en œuvre pour garantir la solution Le SNORL remer la mieux adaptée à leurs besoins et à leur mode de vie. Audition Conseil, plus de 250 centres indépendants en France tél. 0826 303 404 (0,15€/mn) www.auditionconseil.fr APorl21*27.indd 1 7/07/08 10:53:57 goldenBOOK21x27SNORL- 29/09/08 22:23 Page 3 Syndicat National des Médecins Spécialisés en O.R.L et Chirurgie Cervico faciale (SNORL) Centenaire 1908 - 2008 Le SNORL remercie tout particulièrement la Bibliothèque Interuniversitaire de Médecine et d'Odontologie (BIUM) pour sa collaboration à nos illustrations. S.N.O.R.L. 3 Centenaire 1908 - 2008 7/07/08 10:53:57 goldenBOOK21x27SNORL-avamys21X27corr 18/09/08 29/09/08 10:03 22:24 Page 1Page 4 Traitement de première intention dans les formes modérées à sévères de la rhinite allergique*. Remb.Séc.Soc à 35 % Agréé Collect. -
Music and the Making of Modern Science
Music and the Making of Modern Science Music and the Making of Modern Science Peter Pesic The MIT Press Cambridge, Massachusetts London, England © 2014 Massachusetts Institute of Technology All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by any electronic or mechanical means (including photocopying, recording, or information storage and retrieval) without permission in writing from the publisher. MIT Press books may be purchased at special quantity discounts for business or sales promotional use. For information, please email [email protected]. This book was set in Times by Toppan Best-set Premedia Limited, Hong Kong. Printed and bound in the United States of America. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Pesic, Peter. Music and the making of modern science / Peter Pesic. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-262-02727-4 (hardcover : alk. paper) 1. Science — History. 2. Music and science — History. I. Title. Q172.5.M87P47 2014 509 — dc23 2013041746 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 For Alexei and Andrei Contents Introduction 1 1 Music and the Origins of Ancient Science 9 2 The Dream of Oresme 21 3 Moving the Immovable 35 4 Hearing the Irrational 55 5 Kepler and the Song of the Earth 73 6 Descartes ’ s Musical Apprenticeship 89 7 Mersenne ’ s Universal Harmony 103 8 Newton and the Mystery of the Major Sixth 121 9 Euler: The Mathematics of Musical Sadness 133 10 Euler: From Sound to Light 151 11 Young ’ s Musical Optics 161 12 Electric Sounds 181 13 Hearing the Field 195 14 Helmholtz and the Sirens 217 15 Riemann and the Sound of Space 231 viii Contents 16 Tuning the Atoms 245 17 Planck ’ s Cosmic Harmonium 255 18 Unheard Harmonies 271 Notes 285 References 311 Sources and Illustration Credits 335 Acknowledgments 337 Index 339 Introduction Alfred North Whitehead once observed that omitting the role of mathematics in the story of modern science would be like performing Hamlet while “ cutting out the part of Ophelia. -
3Rd Announcement - Call for Paper
German National Academy of Science «Leopoldina» 3rd Announcement - Call for paper OTOLOGY JUBILEE: HALLE-WITTENBERG 150 Years of the Archiv für Ohrenheilkunde* Past - Present - Future in Otology & Neurotology 7 - 10 May 2014 Halle/Saale, Germany MARTIN-LUTHER-UNIVERSITY *today published as European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology Under the auspices of the German Society of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery UKH University Hospital MARTIN-LUTHER-UNIVERSITY www.otology-jubilee.com Halle (Saale) OTOLOGY JUBILEE: 150 Years of the Archiv für Ohrenheilkunde Past-Present-Future in Otology & Neurotology In 2014 our specialty Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery celebrates an important jubilee. One hundred fifty years ago, Hermann Schwartze in Halle, Adam Politzer in Vienna, and Anton von Tröltsch in Würzburg together founded the Archiv für Ohrenheilkunde (“Archive of Otology”), as the world‘s first journal solely devoted to otology. Today the journal is published as the “European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology”. Invitation The conference aims on celebrating this jubilee of our specialty with a program consisting of oral and poster contributions in structured and open sessions on the history, the state of the art and the future directions of otology and neurotology, under the motto: Stefan K. Plontke “Where do we come from? – Where are we? - Where are we going?” The sessions of the conference will include 1) history of scientific publishing in otology and neurotology, 2) basic science, 3) diagnostic procedures, 4) conservative treatment, 5) surgical treatment, and 6) implants in otology and neurotology - all with a “Past-Present-Future” approach. We are looking forward to welcome you in Halle in May 2014. -
SIS Bulletin Index Issues 1 to 80
Scientific Instrument Society Bulletin of the Scientific Instrument Society Index No 1 to No 80 Scientific Instrument Society Bulletin of the Scientific Instrument Society Index No 1 to No 80 Contents Introduction Index of Topics 3 Index of Articles 37 Index of Book Reviews 51 The Scientific Instrument Society 61 Documents Associated with the Index 61 Introduction Development of the Index of the Bulletin of the Scientific Instrument Society The first 40 issues of the Bulletin were indexed successively, ten issues at a time. With the advent of No 50 it was decided to amalgamate the earlier work and create a single index for all 50 issues. The work involved was a vast undertaking requiring the use of optical character recognition and other computer techniques on the earlier work, and a good deal of careful proof reading. The final product was handsomely produced in A4 size uniform with the Bulletin, running to 64 index pages. Having reached 80 issues, a similar combining exercise has been done, but with fewer categories within the Index. However, whilst the main index of individual topics remains as comprehensive as previously it is presented in a smaller typeface and makes use of more columns. At the time of printing, consideration is being given to the use of this new Index as a facility on the Society's website and also in connection with CDROMs of the Bulletin. Notes for using the 3 sections of the Bulletin Index, Issue No 1 to Issue No 80 Index of Topics Topics are arranged alphabetically by subject. References are shown as 'Issue No : Page No' eg 2:15 or 45:7-11 Index of Articles Authors of articles are listed alphabetically with the titles of their articles following in issue order. -
Of Frogs and Men: the Origins of Psychophysiological Time Experiments, 1850–1865 Henning Schmidgen
Of frogs and men: the origins of psychophysiological time experiments, 1850–1865 Henning Schmidgen Towards the end of the 1840s, Hermann von Helmholtz began to investigate experimentally the propagation of stimuli within nerves. Helmholtz’s experiments on animals and human subjects opened a research field that in the following decades was intensively explored by neurophysiologists and experimental psychologists. Helmholtz’s pioneering investigations justify the central place he occupies in accounts of the history of modern psychophysiology. Studying the concrete experimental settings and their local contexts shows how deeply the work of scholars such as Helmholtz is embedded in the history of culture and technology. In particular, the rapidly growing technologies of electromagnetism, which gave rise to telegraphy and electric clocks, facilitated the time measurements of 19th-century physiologists and psychologists. On 15 January 1850, Hermann von Helmholtz (1821–1894) technology and the military were closely interrelated. signed a short report and sent it off to the Physical Three years before publishing the first volume of his Society and the Academy of Sciences in Berlin. Its first path-breaking Investigations on Animal Electricity paragraph read: (1848), Emil Du Bois-Reymond (a friend and colleague of Helmholtz) had made concrete suggestions for meas- I have found that a measurable time passes when the stimu- uring ‘the speed of the muscle and nerve activity’ at a lus exerted by a momentary electric current on the hip plexus meeting of the Physical Society3. Then in 1847, the jour- (Hüftgeflecht) of a frog propagates itself to the nerves of the nal of this society, Advances of Physics, printed the report thigh and enters the calf muscle. -
História E Evolução Da Otoscopia Catarina Lopes Silva
Clínica Universitária de Otorrinolaringologia História e Evolução da Otoscopia Catarina Lopes Silva Abril’2018 1 Clínica Universitária de Otorrinolaringologia História e Evolução da Otoscopia Catarina Lopes Silva Orientado por: Dr. Marco António Alveirinho Cabrita Simão Abril’2018 2 Resumo Dada a inespecificidade e baixa frequência dos sintomas associados à patologia do ouvido, a sua avaliação é importante para o estabelecimento das respetivas abordagens terapêuticas. A membrana timpânica (MT) constitui a única janela que nos dá acesso ao ouvido médio (OM) e, como tal, a sua aparência e comportamento fornecem-nos informações importantes acerca de eventuais alterações patológicas. A otoscopia é uma técnica fundamental que permite o acesso rápido e direto ao canal auditivo externo (CAE) e à MT, com um papel importante no diagnóstico de patologias do OM. As técnicas de observação do CAE e da MT sofreram uma extensa evolução ao longo de vários séculos. No Passado, a avaliação da MT, localizada no fundo de um canal escuro e estreito (CAE), era limitada não só pela escassez de luz como também pela reduzida acessibilidade imposta pela anatomia do canal que, por não ser retilíneo (orientação ântero-inferior) comprometia a sua observação. Os progressos na área da iluminação foram notórios com o desenvolvimento de sistemas de iluminação artificial, passando-se da utilização dos raios solares até à luz fria transportada por cabos de fibras óticas. Os espéculos auriculares, ao distenderem e horizontalizarem o CAE, contornaram o obstáculo imposto pela sua anatomia, facilitando o acesso à MT. Várias outras técnicas de observação surgiram ao longo de vários anos como a otomicroscopia e a otoendoscopia.