Sharma, Narayan Prasad (2014) Morphosyntax of Puma, a Tibeto‐Burman Language of Nepal
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Chapter 2 Language Use in Nepal
CHAPTER 2 LANGUAGE USE IN NEPAL Yogendra P. Yadava* Abstract This chapter aims to analyse the use of languages as mother tongues and second lan- guages in Nepal on the basis of data from the 2011 census, using tables, maps, and figures and providing explanations for certain facts following sociolinguistic insights. The findings of this chapter are presented in five sections. Section 1 shows the impor- tance of language enumeration in censuses and also Nepal’s linguistic diversity due to historical and typological reasons. Section 2 shows that the number of mother tongues have increased considerably from 92 (Census 2001) to 123 in the census of 2011 due to democratic movements and ensuing linguistic awareness among Nepalese people since 1990. These mother tongues (except Kusunda) belong to four language families: Indo- European, Sino-Tibetan, Austro-Asiatic and Dravidian, while Kusunda is a language isolate. They have been categorised into two main groups: major and minor. The major group consists of 19 mother tongues spoken by almost 96 % of the total population, while the minor group is made up of the remaining 104 plus languages spoken by about 4% of Nepal’s total population. Nepali, highly concentrated in the Hills, but unevenly distributed in other parts of the country, accounts for the largest number of speakers (44.64%). Several cross-border, foreign and recently migrated languages have also been reported in Nepal. Section 3 briefly deals with the factors (such as sex, rural/ urban areas, ethnicity, age, literacy etc.) that interact with language. Section 4 shows that according to the census of 2011, the majority of Nepal’s population (59%) speak only one language while the remaining 41% speak at least a second language. -
Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y. and RMW Dixon, Eds. 2006. Serial Verb
A Grammar of Bantawa : grammar, paradigm tables, glossary and texts of a Rai language of Eastern Nepal Doornenbal, M.A. Citation Doornenbal, M. A. (2009, November 3). A Grammar of Bantawa : grammar, paradigm tables, glossary and texts of a Rai language of Eastern Nepal. LOT dissertation series. LOT, Netherlands Graduate School of Linguistics, Utrecht. Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/1887/14326 Version: Not Applicable (or Unknown) Licence agreement concerning inclusion of doctoral thesis in the License: Institutional Repository of the University of Leiden Downloaded from: https://hdl.handle.net/1887/14326 Note: To cite this publication please use the final published version (if applicable). Bibliography Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y. and R.M.W. Dixon, eds. 2006. Serial Verb Constructions. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press. Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y. 2004. Evidentiality. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Allen, N.J. 1975. Sketch of Thulung Grammar. New York: Ithaca. B ant av a, D. ik. 2001. ºAtAvA (rAI) fNÚkof (Bant av a (Ra ) abdako±, ‘Bantawa Rai dictionary'). D.K. Rai ‘Rupabun'. B ant av a, D. ik. V.S. 2055. ºAtvA (rAI) &yAkrZ^ , (Bantav a Ra Vyak aran . , ‘Bantawa Rai Grammar'). l#mF þkAfn, (Laks.mi Prak a±an). Bickel, Balthasar, Goma Banjade, Martin Gaenszle, Elena Lieven, Netra Paudyal, Ichchha Purna Rai, Manoj Rai, Novel Kishore Rai, and Sabine Stoll. 2007. ‘Free prefix ordering in Chintang'. Language, 83: pp. 1—31. Bickel, Balthasar and Johanna Nichols. 2006. ‘Inflectional morphology'. T. Shopen [ed.] Language typology and syntactic description. Bickel, Balthasar. 1993. ‘Belhare subordination and the theory of topic'. Studies in Clause Linkage, ASAS No. 12: pp. -
University of California Press (University of California, Office of the President)
University of California Press (University of California, Office of the President) Year Paper vol Handbook of Proto-Tibeto-Burman: System and Philosophy of Sino-Tibetan Reconstruction James A. Matisoff University of California, Berkeley This paper is posted at the eScholarship Repository, University of California. http://repositories.cdlib.org/ucpress/ucpl/vol 135 Copyright c 2003 by the author. Handbook of Proto-Tibeto-Burman: System and Philosophy of Sino-Tibetan Reconstruction Abstract This 800-page volume is a clear and readable presentation of the current state of research on the history of the Tibeto-Burman (TB) language family, a typologically diverse group of over 250 languages spoken in Southern China, the Himalayas, NE India, and peninsular Southeast Asia. The TB languages are the only proven relatives of Chinese, with which they form the great Sino-Tibetan family. The exposition is systematic, treating the reconstruction of all the elements of the TB proto-syllable in turn, including initial consonants (Ch. III), prefixes (Ch. IV), monophthongal and diphthongal rhymes (Ch. V), final nasals (Ch. VII), final stops (Ch. VIII), final liquids (Ch. IX), root-final *-s (Ch. X), suffixes (Ch. XI). Particular attention is paid to variational phenomena at all historical levels (e.g. Ch. XII “Allofamic variation in rhymes”). This Handbook builds on the best previous scholarship, and adds up-to-date material that has accumulated over the past 30 years. It contains reconstruc- tions of over a thousand Tibeto-Burman roots, as well as suggested comparisons with several hundred Chinese etyma. It is liberally indexed and cross-referenced for maximum accessibility and internal consistency. -
Aspects of Chintang Syntax
Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2015 Aspects of Chintang syntax Paudyal, Netra P Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-113367 Dissertation Published Version Originally published at: Paudyal, Netra P. Aspects of Chintang syntax. 2015, University of Zurich, Faculty of Arts. Aspects of Chintang Syntax Thesis presented to the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences of the University of Zurich for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Netra Prasad Paudyal Accepted in the fall semester 2013 on the recommendation of the doctoral committee: Prof. Dr. Balthasar Bickel (main advisor) Prof. Dr. John M. Peterson Zurich 2015 Table of Contents Acknowledgements vii Notational conventions and abbreviations ix List of figures xii List of tables xiii 1 Introduction 1 1.0 The linguistic situation in Nepal 1 1.1 The Chintang people and their language 3 1.2 The Chintang village profile 6 1.3 The ethnic and religious situation 7 1.4 Genetic affiliation 8 1.5 Sources of data and the fieldwork 9 1.6 Goals and overview of the dissertation 10 2 Phonology 13 2.0 Introduction 13 2.1 Consonants 13 2.1.1 Stop consonants 16 2.1.2 Fricatives 17 2.1.3 Nasals 17 2.1.4 Glides 17 2.1.5 Aspiration 18 2.1.6 Distribution of consonant phonemes 18 2.1.7 Consonant clusters and geminate consonants 20 2.2 Vowel phonemes 23 2.2.1 Monophthongs 23 2.2.2 Diphthongs 24 2.2.3 Vowel sequences 27 2.3 Syllable structure 28 2.4 Basic -
Linguistic Diversity and the Preservation of Endangered Languages: a Case Study from Nepal Mark Turin
Linguistic diversity and the preservation of endangered languages: A case study from Nepal Mark Turin To cite this version: Mark Turin. Linguistic diversity and the preservation of endangered languages: A case study from Nepal. International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), 2007, 978-92-9115-055- 7. halshs-03083332 HAL Id: halshs-03083332 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-03083332 Submitted on 19 Dec 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Final_Final_Talking Point 4_Mark1 1 1/4/2008 2:53:35 PM About ICIMOD The International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) is an independent ‘Mountain Learning and Knowledge Centre’ serving the eight countries of the Hindu Kush-Himalayas – Afghanistan , Bangladesh , Bhutan , China , India , Myanmar , Nepal , and Pakistan – and the global mountain community. Founded in 1983, ICIMOD is based in Kathmandu, Nepal, and brings together a partnership of regional member countries, partner institutions, and donors with a commitment for development action to secure a better future for the people and environment of the extended Himalayan region. ICIMOD’s activities are supported by its core programme donors: the governments of Austria, Denmark, Germany, Netherlands, Norway, Switzerland, and its regional member countries, along with over thirty project co–financing donors. -
Deixis System in Bantawa Rai and English Language A
DEIXIS SYSTEM IN BANTAWA RAI AND ENGLISH LANGUAGE RAI RAI 2016 A Thesis Submitted to the Department of English Education 2126 SITAL In Partial Fulfillment for the Masters of Education in English LANGUAGE Submitted by Sital Rai TAWA RAI AND ENGLISH Faculty of Education Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur Kathmandu, Nepal DEIXIS SYSTEM INDEIXIS BAN 2016 DECLARATION I hereby declare that to the best of my knowledge this thesis is original; no part of it was earlier submitted for the candidature of research degree to any University. Date: 24/09/2016 ________________ Sital Rai 2 RECOMMENDATION FOR ACCEPTANCE This is to certify that Ms. Sital Rai has completed the research work of her M. Ed. Thesis entitled “Deixis System in Bantawa Rai and English Language” under my guidance and supervision. I recommend the thesis for acceptance. Date: 25/09/2016 ____________________ Dr. Anjana Bhattarai (Supervisor) Professor and Head Department of English Education University Campus T. U., Kirtipur 3 RECOMMENDATION FOR EVALUATION This thesis has been recommended for evaluation by the following Research Guidance Committee. Signature Dr. Anjana Bhattarai (Supervisor) ______________ Professor and Head Chairperson Department of English Education University Campus, T. U., Kirtipur Dr. Govinda Raj Bhattarai ____________ Member Professor, Department of English education University Campus, T. U. Kirtipur Dr. Purna Bahadur Kadel ______________ Lecture, Member Department of English Education University Campus, T. U. Kirtipur Date: 03/08/2015 4 EVALUATION AND APPROVAL This thesis has been evaluated and approved by the following Thesis Evaluation Committee. Signature Dr.Anjana Bhattarai (Supervisor) ______________ Professor and Head Chairperson Department of English Education University Campus, T. -
National Languages Policy Recommendation Commission 1994(2050VS)
The Report of National Languages Policy Recommendation Commission 1994(2050VS) National Language Policy Recommendation Commission Academy Building, Kamaladi Kathmandu, Nepal April 13, 1994 (31 Chaitra 2050 VS) National Languages Policy Recommendation Commission Academy Building, Kamaladi Kathmandu, Nepal Date: April 13, 1994(31st Chaitra 2050VS) Honorable Minister Mr. Govinda Raj Joshi Minister of Education, Culture and Social Welfare Keshar Mahal, Kathmandu. Honorable Minister, The constitution promulgated after the restoration of democracy in Nepal following the people's revolution 1990 ending the thirty-year autocratic Panchayat regime, accepts that Nepal is a multicultural and multiethnic country and the languages spoken in Nepal are considered the national languages. The constitution also has ascertained the right to operate school up to the primary level in the mother tongues. There is also a constitutional provision that the state while maintaining the cultural diversity of the country shall pursue a policy of strengthening the national unity. For this purpose, His Majesty's Government had constituted a commission entitled National Language Policy Recommendations Committee in order to suggest the recommendations to Ministry of Education, Culture and Social Welfare about the policies and programmes related to language development, and the strategy to be taken while imparting primary education through the mother tongue. The working area and focus of the commission constituted on May 27, 1993 (14th Jestha 2050 VS) was the development of the national languages and education through the mother tongue. This report, which considers the working area as well as some other relevant aspects, has been prepared over the past 11 months, prior to mid-April 1994 (the end of Chaitra 2050VS), on the basis of the work plan prepared by the commission. -
List of Languages Spoken in Nepal
List of Languages spoken in Nepal. 20,188,000 (1995). 2,423,840 speakers of Tibeto-Burman languages (1991 J. Matisoff). Kingdom of Nepal, Sri Nepala Sarkar. Literacy rate 20% to 29%. Information mainly from W. Winter 1991, SIL 1977, Hale 1982, Dor Bahadur Bista 1972. Data accuracy estimate: A2, B. Hindu, Buddhist, Muslim, Christian. Blind population 100,000. Deaf institutions: 3. The number of languages listed for Nepal is 125. Of those, 124 are living languages and 1 is extinct. ATHPARIYA (ATHAPRE, ATHPARE) [APH] 2,000 (1995 Karen Ebert); 232,264 all Rai languages (1971 census). North of the Tamur, between the Dhankutakhola in the west and the Tangkhuwa in the east; Dhankuta and Bhirgaon panchayats. Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Bodic, Eastern Himalayan, Kiranti, Eastern, Southwestern. Different from the Arthare dialect of Dungmali, and from Belhariya, which is also called Athpariya (W. Winter 1991). Used by all, including children and educated speakers. Low bilingualism in Nepali. Reported to be closest to Limbu, but not inherently intelligible with it. The term 'Kiranti' covers about 21 dialects, of which fewer than half are even partially intelligible. Rai and Kiranti are partially overlapping terms and subject to many interpretations (Austin Hale SIL 1977, personal communication). Survey needed. AWADHI (ABADI, ABOHI, AMBODHI, AVADHI, BAISWARI, KOJALI, KOSALI) [AWD] 540,000 in Nepal (1993 Johnstone); 20,000,000 in India (1951 census); 20,540,000 in all countries. Lumbini Zone, Kapilbastu District, Majhkhanda, Khajahani. Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, East Central zone. Dialects: GANGAPARI, MIRZAPURI, PARDESI, THARU, UTTARI. 50% to 75% literate. Bible portions 1820-1911. -
English Code-Mixing in Magar Literature: a Case of "Aachhim Chetaika"
ENGLISH CODE-MIXING IN MAGAR LITERATURE: A CASE OF "AACHHIM CHETAIKA" A Thesis Submitted to the Department of English Education In Partial Fulfilment for the Master of Education in English Submitted by Manoj Kumar Pun Magar Faculty of Education Tribhuvan University Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal 2016 T.U. Reg. No.: 6-1-54-307-2006 Date of Approval of Second Year Examination Thesis Proposal: 08/08/2016 Roll No: 280394/070 Date of Submission: 29-09-2016 1 DECLARATION I hereby declare that to the best of my knowledge this thesis is original; no part of it was earlier submitted for the candidature of research degree to any university. Date: 21-09-2016 …………….………………. Manoj Kumar Pun Magar 2 RECOMMENDATION FOR ACCEPTANCE This is to certify that Mr. Manoj Kumar Pun Magar has prepared this thesis entitled English Code-Mixing in Magar Literature: A Case of "Aachhim Chetaika" under my guidance and supervision. I recommend the thesis for acceptance. Date: 22-09-2016 ............................................ Mr. Guru Prasad Poudel (Supervisor) Teaching Assistant Department of English Education Faculty of Education T.U., Kirtipur, Kathmandu 3 RECOMMENDATION FOR EVALUATION This thesis has been recommended for evaluation from the following Research Guidance Committee. Signature Dr. Anjana Bhattarai ……………………. Professor and Head Chairperson Department of English Education T.U., Kirtipur Ms. Madhu Neupane ……………………. Lecturer Member Department of English Education T.U., Kirtipur Mr. Guru Prasad Poudel (Supervisor) ……………………. Teaching Assistant Member Department of English Education T.U., Kirtipur Date: 4 EVALUATION AND APPROVAL This thesis has been evaluated and approved by the following Thesis Evaluation and Approval Committee. Signature Dr. -
A Reconstruction of Proto-Kiranti Verb Roots Guillaume Jacques
A reconstruction of Proto-Kiranti verb roots Guillaume Jacques To cite this version: Guillaume Jacques. A reconstruction of Proto-Kiranti verb roots. Folia Linguistica, De Gruyter, 2017, 51 (s38), pp.177-215. 10.1515/flih-2017-0007. halshs-01731021 HAL Id: halshs-01731021 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01731021 Submitted on 13 Mar 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Guillaume Jacques∗ A reconstruction of Proto-Kiranti verb roots Abstract: In Kiranti languages, rich alternations in verbal paradigms make internal reconstruction possible, and allow a better understanding of the vowels and codas of the proto-language than is possible for other parts of speech. This paper, using data from four representative languages (Wambule, Khaling, Bantawa, Limbu), proposes a new approach to Proto- Kiranti historical linguistics combining the comparative method and internal reconstruction, and taking morphological alternations and analogy into ac- count. It presents a comprehensive account of the sound correspondences between the four target languages and reconstructs more than 280 proto- Kiranti verb roots. Keywords: Kiranti, Khaling, Wambule, Limbu, Bantawa, Sound change, Analogy 1 Introduction The reconstruction of Proto-Kiranti has already been the topic of much detailed research, in particular Starostin (1994-2000), Michailovsky (1994), Opgenort (2005) and Michailovsky (2010). -
Marginalizatlon of INDIGENOUS LANGUAGES of NEPAL I
MARGINALIZATlON OF INDIGENOUS LANGUAGES OF NEPAL Go\'inda Bah.ldur Tumbahang Introduction Nepal is. a multi -ethnic and l11ulli-lingual nation wi th diffcrclU ceologic:! 1 zoncs such as mountain. hill. inner Tarni and Tarni . It is a home 10 59 indigenous nationalities. who speak more than 70 languages. BUI many of Ihe indigenous languages :.re seriously endangered and quilc a few ha\'c been extinct due 10 the wrong l:mgu;lge policy of the Slate before the introduction of multiparty democracy in Ihe country. This paper defines Ihe indigenous languages list ing them according 10 go\'crnmcnI gal-CHC, poims Olll Ihe process of their margina1izalion. evaluates their present silUalion. and suggests ways how to bring IhcIllIO the main st ream of national l:mguagc ;lIld cullurc. Dclinition According to The National Foundation for Development of Indigenous Nationalities Act 2002 (Adi l'llsil)wwjllti ljl/han Prmi.wlulI/ Ain 2058). Adib.'lsislhnajatis arc 'those ethnic groups or communities enl isted in the Appendix I Schedu le of the Act who have their own mother tongue and Ir:lditiOrl:l1 CUStoms. distinct cuhur;LI identity. distinct social structure :md written or or:11 hi story or their own: The act cnlists 59 distinct groups ;15 indigenous nationalities. who live in different ccologic:l1 zones as mentioned in table I. Table I: Indigenous nationalities of Nepal Mounl:lin Mountain I. 8arhagaunle 2. 8hmia 3. By:lgnsi 4. Chhai rOlan 5. Doll'" 6. L..1rkc I 7. Lhorni 8. Lhopa I 9. Marphali 111akali 10. Mug:l!i I 11. Siyar I 12. -
Descriptive and Methodological Issues in Kiranti Grammar(S) Aimée Lahaussois
Descriptive and methodological issues in Kiranti grammar(s) Aimée Lahaussois To cite this version: Aimée Lahaussois. Descriptive and methodological issues in Kiranti grammar(s). Humanities and Social Sciences. Université de Paris / Université Paris Diderot (Paris 7), 2020. tel-03030562 HAL Id: tel-03030562 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03030562 Submitted on 30 Nov 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Université de Paris Ecole Doctorale "Sciences du language", ED 622 MÉMOIRE DÉPOSÉ EN VUE DE L’HABILITATION À DIRIGER DES RECHERCHES DESCRIPTIVE AND METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES IN KIRANTI GRAMMAR(S) AIMÉE LAHAUSSOIS JURY M. Olivier Bonami, PU, Université de Paris (garant) Mme. Hilary Chappell, DE, EHESS (examinateur) M. George van Driem, Professor, Université de Berne (rapporteur) M. Enrique Palancar, DR, CNRS-Sedyl (examinateur) M. Nick Riemer, Professor, University of Sydney (examinateur) Mme. Françoise Rose, DR, CNRS-DDL (présidente) Mme. Margaret Thomas, Professor, Boston College (rapporteur) 20 novembre 2020 TABLE OF CONTENTS