Wind Power Forecasting Using Extreme Learning Machine
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3,549 Mw Yt 0.810 Mw
Canada Wind Farms As of October 2010 Current Installed Capacity: 3,549 MW YT 0.810 MW NL 54.7 MW BC 656 MW 103.5 MW AB 104 MW SK MB 171.2 MW ON 663 MW 1,298 MW QC PE 164 MW NB 195 MW NS Courtesy of 138 MW Alberta COMPLETED WIND FARMS Installed Capacity Project Project Power Turbine # Project Name (in MW) Developer Owner Purchaser Manufacturer Year Online 1 Cardston Municipal District Magrath 30 Suncor, Enbridge, EHN Suncor, Enbridge, EHN Suncor, Enbridge, EHN GE Wind 2004 McBride Lake 75.24 Enmax, TransAlta Wind Enmax, TransAlta Wind Enmax, TransAlta Wind Vestas 2007 McBride Lake East 0.6 TransAlta Wind TransAlta Wind TransAlta Wind Vestas 2001 Soderglen Wind Farm 70.5 Nexen/Canadian Hydro Nexen/Canadian Hydro Nexen/Canadian Hydro GE 2006 Developers, Inc. Developers, Inc. Developers, Inc. Waterton Wind Turbines 3.78 TransAlta Wind TransAlta Wind TransAlta Wind Vestas 1998 2 Pincher Municipal District Castle River Wind Farm 0.6 TransAlta Wind TransAlta Wind TransAlta Wind Vestas 1997 Castle River Wind Farm 9.9 TransAlta Wind TransAlta Wind TransAlta Wind Vestas 2000 Castle River Wind Farm 29.04 TransAlta Wind TransAlta Wind TransAlta Wind Vestas 2001 Cowley Ridge 21.4 Canadian Hydro Canadian Hydro Canadian Hydro Kenetech 1993/1994 Developers, Inc. Developers, Inc. Developers, Inc. Cowley Ridge North Wind Farm 19.5 Canadian Hydro Canadian Hydro Canadian Hydro Nordex 2001 Developers, Inc. Developers, Inc. Developers, Inc. Lundbreck 0.6 Lundbreck Developments Lundbreck Developments Lundbreck Developments Enercon 2001 Joint Venture A Joint Venture A Joint Venture A Kettles Hill Phase I 9 Enmax Enmax Enmax Vestas 2006 Kettles Hill Phase II 54 Enmax Enmax Enmax Vestas 2007 Old Man River Project 3.6 Alberta Wind Energy Corp. -
The Commoner Issue 13 Winter 2008-2009
In the beginning there is the doing, the social flow of human interaction and creativity, and the doing is imprisoned by the deed, and the deed wants to dominate the doing and life, and the doing is turned into work, and people into things. Thus the world is crazy, and revolts are also practices of hope. This journal is about living in a world in which the doing is separated from the deed, in which this separation is extended in an increasing numbers of spheres of life, in which the revolt about this separation is ubiquitous. It is not easy to keep deed and doing separated. Struggles are everywhere, because everywhere is the realm of the commoner, and the commoners have just a simple idea in mind: end the enclosures, end the separation between the deeds and the doers, the means of existence must be free for all! The Commoner Issue 13 Winter 2008-2009 Editor: Kolya Abramsky and Massimo De Angelis Print Design: James Lindenschmidt Cover Design: [email protected] Web Design: [email protected] www.thecommoner.org visit the editor's blog: www.thecommoner.org/blog Table Of Contents Introduction: Energy Crisis (Among Others) Is In The Air 1 Kolya Abramsky and Massimo De Angelis Fossil Fuels, Capitalism, And Class Struggle 15 Tom Keefer Energy And Labor In The World-Economy 23 Kolya Abramsky Open Letter On Climate Change: “Save The Planet From 45 Capitalism” Evo Morales A Discourse On Prophetic Method: Oil Crises And Political 53 Economy, Past And Future George Caffentzis Iraqi Oil Workers Movements: Spaces Of Transformation 73 And Transition -
Wind Energy Forecasts in Calculation of Expected Energy Not Served
WIND ENERGY FORECASTS IN CALCULATION OF EXPECTED ENERGY NOT SERVED By Richard Sun Bachelor of Applied Science and Engineering, University of Toronto 2011 A thesis presented to Ryerson University in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree Master of Applied Science in the program Electrical and Computer Engineering Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 2014 ©Richard Sun 2014 AUTHOR'S DECLARATION FOR ELECTRONIC SUBMISSION OF A THESIS I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. This is a true copy of the thesis, including any required final revisions, as accepted by my examiners. I authorize Ryerson University to lend this thesis to other institutions or individuals for the purpose of scholarly research I further authorize Ryerson University to reproduce this thesis by photocopying or by other means, in total or in part, at the request of other institutions or individuals for the purpose of scholarly research. I understand that my thesis may be made electronically available to the public. ii Wind Energy Forecasts In Calculation of Expected Energy Not Served Master of Applied Science 2014 Richard Sun Electrical and Computer Engineering Ryerson University ABSTRACT The stochastic nature of wind energy generation introduces uncertainties and risk in generation schedules computed using optimal power flow (OPF). This risk is quantified as expected energy not served (EENS) and computed via an error distribution found for each hourly forecast. This thesis produces an accurate method of estimating EENS that is also suitable for real-time OPF calculation. This thesis examines two statistical predictive models used to forecast hourly production of wind energy generators (WEGs), Markov chain model, and auto-regressive moving-average (ARMA) model, and their effects on EENS. -
Response to Wind Turbine Noise Complaints, May 2017, Pg
2 Contents INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................. 3 THE FULFILLMENT ......................................................................................................................................... 3 Was the information complete? ............................................................................................................... 4 ROLE OF COMPLAINTS .................................................................................................................................. 5 Renewable energy approval (REA) requirements ..................................................................................... 5 Legal status of complaint documents ....................................................................................................... 6 Background: Ontario’s complaint tracking process .................................................................................. 6 Direction from the Government ............................................................................................................... 9 WHAT HAPPENS TO COMPLAINTS? ............................................................................................................ 10 Field Response Rate ................................................................................................................................ 10 Actions Taken ......................................................................................................................................... -
GCEP Energy Tutorial Wind 101 Patrick Riley October 14, 2014
GCEP Energy Tutorial Wind 101 Patrick Riley October 14, 2014 Imagination at work. Agenda • Introduction & fundamentals • Wind resource • Aerodynamics & performance • Design loads & controls • Scaling • Farm Considerations • Technology Differentiators • Economics • Technology Development Areas GCEP Wind 101| 14 October 2014 2 © 2014 General Electric Company – All rights reserved Power from Wind Turbines Power in Wind 1 3 Pwind = 2 r v Area v = wind speed Extractable Power from Wind turbine Importance of site identification (local wind resource) & understanding of wind shear 1 3 Pwind = 2 cp r v Area Area = rotor swept area Power increases with rotor2 Cp = power coefficient a measure of aerodynamic efficiency of extracting energy from the wind GCEP Wind 101| 14 October 2014 3 © 2014 General Electric Company – All rights reserved Configurations Horizontal-Axis (HAWT) Vertical-Axis (VAWT) Upwind vs. Downwind Lift Based (Darrieus) vs. Drag-Based (Savonius) Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Darrieus-windmill.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Savonius-rotor_en.svg Copyright 2007 aarchiba, used with permission. Copyright 2008 Ugo14, used with permission. Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wind.turbine.yaw.system.configurations.svg Copyright 2009 Hanuman Wind, used with permission. Number of Blades Airborne Wind Turbine Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Water_Pumping_ Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Airborne_wind_generator-en.svg Windmill.jpg Copyright 2008 James Provost, used with permission. Copyright 2008 Ben Franske, used with permission. GCEP Wind 101| 14 October 2014 4 © 2014 General Electric Company – All rights reserved Utility-Scale Turbine Types Convergence of industry Horizontal axis Upwind 3 blades Variable rotor speed Active (independent) pitch Main differentiators Direct drive vs. -
Wind Concerns Ontario Briefing File
Briefing File Wind Concerns Ontario January 28, 2009 Contents: 1. An introduction to Wind Concerns Ontario – when formed, constituent groups, and executive officers. 2. The issue of public safety risk posed by wind turbines. 3. The issue of noise and its impact on people posed by wind turbines. 4. The issue of health effects posed by wind turbines. 5. The effect on municipal and provincial economies posed by wind turbines. 6. The impact of wind turbines on the ability to meet Ontario’s energy needs. 7. The impact of wind turbines on Ontario’s and Canada’s environmental conditions. 8. Summary of Issues that Need Resolution. _______________________________________________________________________ MAIN LEVELS OF CONCERN 1. The adverse effects of industrial wind on the public’s health, well being and safety and environmental impacts on birds, wetlands, conservation areas and shorelines. (Noting the absence of a full environmental assessment for any project to date.) 2. Proper land use regulations such as used for hydroelectric in order to protect rural economies, historic landscapes, quality of life and remove disruptive change from rural to industrial. 3. Economic sustainability. Financial burden on Ontario taxpayers, municipalities, manufacturers and businesses through high costs of wind generated power. 4. How do these developments fit in with Ontario’s economic and industrial strategy? WHAT DOES WIND CONCERNS ONTARIO WANT? 1. That the Province of Ontario immediately put in place a moratorium on further industrial wind turbine development to stay in effect until the completion and public review of a comprehensive and scientifically robust health/noise study of the effects of wind turbines. -
May 22, 2020 Project Number: 200375 Ms
May 22, 2020 Project Number: 200375 Ms. Ariane Côté, Environmental Manager Romney Energy Centre Limited Partnership 53 Jarvis Street, Ste 300 Toronto, ON M5C 2H2 E-mail: [email protected] Re: Review of Operator Procedures with Respect to Renewable Energy Approval 3397-AV3NVX, Condition K2 Sewage Works of the Transformer Substation Spill Containment Facility Romney Wind Energy Centre Dear Ms. Côté: BluMetric Environmental Inc. (BluMetric ™) has prepared this letter for the Romney Wind Energy Centre (the ‘’Project’’) following review of plans and procedures prepared by others to confirm that the Project is in conformance with Condition K2 (1) of the Renewable Energy Approval (REA) 3397-AV3NVX, related to the construction and operations of a transformer substation containment facility (the ‘’facility’’). The Project REA is provided as Attachment 1. It is the intention that this letter will be provided to the Ministry of Environment, Conservation, and Parks (the Ministry). Prior to BluMetric’s involvement, Wood Canada Limited (Wood), was retained to ensure conformance of the REA Conditions K2 (1)(a) and (b) related to the actual construction and design of the facility. The final letter report by Wood stamped by a Professional Engineer licensed in Ontario is provided in Attachment 2. As such, the purpose of this letter is to review the following provided documents to Conditions K2 (1)(c) and (d) of the Project REA: • Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure (SPCC) Procedure prepared by EDF Renewable Services, Document # HSE-01-2356, dated February 2020, Revision 1; and • Emergency Preparedness and Response Plan (EPRP) prepared by EDF Renewables, Document # EENA-OEMS-PR1201, dated January 2020, Revision 3. -
Guidelines for Design of Wind Turbines
Guidelines for Design of Wind Turbines A publication from DNV/Risø Second Edition Guidelines for Design of Wind Turbines 2nd Edition Det Norske Veritas, Copenhagen ([email protected]) and Wind Energy Department, Risø National Laboratory ([email protected]) 2002. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronical, mechanical, photocopying, recording and/or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publishers. This book may not be lent, resold, hired out or otherwise disposed of by way of trade in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published, without the prior consent of the publishers. The front-page picture is from Microsoft Clipart Gallery ver. 2.0. Printed by Jydsk Centraltrykkeri, Denmark 2002 ISBN 87-550-2870-5 Guidelines for Design of Wind Turbines − DNV/Risø Preface The guidelines can be used by wind turbine manufacturers, certifying authorities, and wind turbine owners. The guidelines will The guidelines for design of wind turbines also be useful as an introduction and tutorial have been developed with an aim to compile for new technical personnel and as a refer- into one book much of the knowledge about ence for experienced engineers. design and construction of wind turbines that has been gained over the past few years. The guidelines are available as a printed This applies to knowledge achieved from book in a handy format as well as electroni- research projects as well as to knowledge cally in pdf format on a CD-ROM. -
Page De Garde
-PET- Vol. 57 ISSN : 1737-9934 Advanced techniques on control & signal processing Proceedings of Engineering & Technology -PET- Editor : Dr. Ahmed Rhif (Tunisia) International Centre for Innovation & Development –ICID– ISSN: 1737-9334 -PET- Vol. 57 ICID International Centre for Innovation & Development Proceedings of Engineering & Technology -PET- Advanced techniques on control & signal processing Editor: Dr. Ahmed Rhif (Tunisia) International Centre for Innovation & Development ICID – – Editor in Chief: Lijie Jiang, China Dr. Ahmed Rhif (Tunisia) Mohammed Sidki, Morocco [email protected] Dean of International Centre for Natheer K.Gharaibeh, Jordan Innovation & Development (ICID) O. Begovich Mendoza, Mexico Editorial board: Özlem Senvar, Turkey Janset Kuvulmaz Dasdemir, Turkey Qing Zhu, USA Mohsen Guizani, USA Ved Ram Singh, India Quanmin Zhu, UK Beisenbia Mamirbek, Kazakhstan Muhammad Sarfraz, Kuwait Claudia Fernanda Yasar, Turkey Minyar Sassi, Tunisia Habib Hamdi, Tunisia Seref Naci Engin, Turkey Laura Giarré, Italy Victoria Lopez, Spain Lamamra Kheireddine, Algeria Yue Ma, China Maria Letizia Corradini, Italy Zhengjie Wang, China Ozlem Defterli, Turkey Amer Zerek, Libya Abdel Aziz Zaidi, Tunisia Abdulrahman A. A. Emhemed, Libya Brahim Berbaoui, Algeria Abdelouahid Lyhyaoui, Morocco Jalel Ghabi, Tunisia Ali Haddi, Morocco Yar M. Mughal, Estonia Hedi Dhouibi, Tunisia Syedah Sadaf Zehra, Pakistan Jalel Chebil, Tunisia Ali Mohammad-Djafari, France Tahar Bahi, Algeria Greg Ditzler, USA Youcef Soufi, Algeria Fatma Sbiaa, Tunisia Ahmad Tahar Azar, Egypt Kenz A.Bozed, Libya Sundarapandian Vaidyanathan, India Lucia Nacinovic Prskalo, Croatia Ahmed El Oualkadi, Morocco Mostafa Ezziyyani, Morocco Chalee Vorakulpipat, Thailand Nilay Papila, Turkey Faisal A. Mohamed Elabdli, Libya Rahmita Wirza, Malaysia Feng Qiao, UK Summary Comparative of Data Acquisition Using Wired and Wireless Communication System Based Page 1 on Arduino and nRF24L01. -
Green Energy Act
FACES OF TRANSFORMATION: Jobs, economic renewal and cleaner air from Year One of Ontario’s Green Energy Act NOVEMBER 2010 Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank all of the individuals who were involved in the production and review of this report, including those who shared their stories with us. In particular, we wish to acknowledge Rebecca Black, Paul Gipe, Greg Padulo, and Adam Scott for their invaluable assistance. This report was prepared by ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENCE on behalf of the GREEN ENERGY ACT ALLIANCE. Permission is granted to the public to reproduce and disseminate this report, in part or in whole, free of charge, in any format or medium and without requiring specific permission. INTRODUCTION Ontarians know change. Today’s 25-year-olds weren’t born in homes with computers. Today’s 35-year-olds didn’t go to university or college with cell phones. All the same, today’s 65-year-olds can find their grandkids’ school with the GPS in their BlackBerry — and don’t even bat an eye. But change isn’t just happening online or on our phones. It’s happening in our factories, farms and First Nations communities. It’s moving Ontario from importing dirty coal to making clean energy. And it’s being embraced by Ontarians from all walks of life, who believe we can harness opportunity through renewable energy. Only a year old, the Green Energy & Green Economy Act has tapped into Ontarians’ long history of energy resourcefulness. In a province whose prosperity was first powered by Niagara Falls, and its great lakes and rivers, today’s resourcefulness is powered by our wind, our sun and geothermal energy hidden deep beneath our soil. -
Assessment of the Prediction Capacity of a Wind-Electric Generation Model
IBIMA Publishing International Journal of Renewable Energy & Biofuels http://www.ibimapublishing.com/journals/IJREB/endo.html Vol. 2014 (2014), Article ID 249322, 16 pages DOI: 10.5171/2014.249322 Research Article Assessment of the Prediction Capacity of a Wind-Electric Generation Model María N. Romero 1 and Luis R. Rojas-Solórzano 2 1Fluid Mechanics Laboratory, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Venezuela 2School of Engineering, Nazarbayev University, Rep. of Kazakhstan Correspondence should be addressed to: María N. Romero; [email protected] Received Date: 30 November 2013; Accepted Date: 15 April 2014; Published Date: 30 December 2014 Academic Editor: Sultan Salim Al-Yahyai Copyright © 2014 María N. Romero and Luis R. Rojas-Solórzano. Distributed under Creative Commons CC-BY 3.0 Abstract Harnessing the wind resource requires technical development and theoretical understanding to implement reliable predicting toolkits to assess wind potential and its economic viability. Comprehensive toolkits, like RETScreen®, have become very popular, allowing users to perform rapid and comprehensive pre-feasibility and feasibility studies of wind projects among other clean energy resources. In the assessment of wind potential, RETScreen® uses the annual average wind speed and a statistical distribution to account for the month-to-month variations, as opposed to hourly- or monthly-average data sets used in other toolkits. This paper compares the predictive capability of the wind model in RETScreen® with the effective production of wind farms located in the region of Ontario, Canada, to determine which factors affect the quality of these predictions and therefore, to understand what aspects of the model may be improved. The influence of distance between wind farms and measuring stations, statistical distribution shape factor, wind shear exponent, annual average wind speed, temperature and atmospheric pressure on the predictions is assessed. -
The Effects of CO2 Abatement Policies on Power System Expansion
The Effects of CO2 Abatement Policies on Power System Expansion by Conrad Fox B.Sc.E., Queen‟s University at Kingston, 2008 A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTERS OF APPLIED SCIENCE in the Department of Mechanical Engineering © Conrad Fox, 2011 University of Victoria All rights reserved. This thesis may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without the permission of the author. ii The Effects of CO2 Abatement Policies on Power System Expansion by Conrad Fox B.Sc.E., Queen‟s University at Kingston, 2008 Supervisory Committee __________________________________________________________________________ Dr. Andrew Rowe, (Department of Mechanical Engineering) Supervisor __________________________________________________________________________ Dr. Peter Wild, (Department of Mechanical Engineering) Supervisor __________________________________________________________________________ Dr. Curran Crawford, (Department of Mechanical Engineering) Departmental Member iii Abstract Supervisory Committee __________________________________________________________________________ Dr. Andrew Rowe, (Department of Mechanical Engineering) Supervisor __________________________________________________________________________ Dr. Peter Wild, (Department of Mechanical Engineering) Supervisor __________________________________________________________________________ Dr. Curran Crawford, (Department of Mechanical Engineering) Departmental Member Human development owes a great debt to cheap