Dufferin Wind Power Inc

Dufferin Wind Power Project Wind Turbine Specification Report

August 2012

DUFFERIN WIND POWER INC.

Suite 4550, 161 Bay Street, Toronto, Ontario M5J 2S1, Canada Tel: +1 416 800 5155/Fax: +1 416 551 3617/ www.dufferinwindpower.ca

IMPORTANT NOTICE December 20, 2012

Dear Reader,

On August 13, 2012, Dufferin Wind Power Inc. submitted its Renewable Energy Approval (REA) application to the Ministry of the Environment. The REA application included two possible routes for the power line that will interconnect the project to the provincial grid. The first power line option consisted of a dual-circuit, 69kV line that would have run along the public road right of way under a joint use agreement with Hydro One through the Townships of Melancthon, Mulmur, Amaranth, and the Town of Mono. The second power line option consisted of a single-circuit, 230kV line that would run along a private easement and along the former Toronto Grey and Bruce railroad corridor through the Township of Melancthon, the Town of Shelburne, and the Township of Amaranth.

After substantial public consultation over the past year and half including consultations with provincial and municipal authorities, environmental investigations, technical reviews, and consultations with the local community, we have selected the 230 kV power line option using the private easement and former railroad corridor as it presents the least impact to the community and is the better overall solution.

On December 17, 2012 Dufferin Wind Power Inc. notified the Ministry of the Environment of the selection of the 230kV power line option and withdrew the 69kV power line option from consideration.

While this report, along with the other REA reports, for the Dufferin Wind Power project still include information on both the 69kV and 230kV power line options for your reference, the 69kV option has been withdrawn and will no longer be considered part of Dufferin Wind Power’s REA application.

If you have any questions please contact us at 1 (855) 249-1473 or e-mail us at [email protected]. You can also visit us and review the project reports and updates at www.dufferinwindpower.ca

Sincerely, Dufferin Wind Power Inc.

DufferinWind Power Inc.

Dufferin Wind Power Project Dufferin Wind Power Inc. Wind Turbine Specification Report August 2012

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The Project will require approval under Ontario Regulation 359/09, Renewable Energy Approval (REA) under Section V.0.1 of the Ontario Environmental Protection Act. The REA process replaces previous requirements for several separate approvals under (among others) the Environmental Assessment Act, Planning Act and Environmental Protection Act. Based on the REA Regulations, this project is a ‘Class 4’ wind facility. The Wind Turbine Specification Report is one component of the REA Application for the Project, and has been written in accordance with Ontario Regulation 359/09 (as revised January 1, 2011) and MOE’s Technical Guide to Renewable Energy Approvals, 2011.

The wind turbines will be located entirely within the Township of Melancthon in the County of Dufferin, approximately 14 kilometres north of the Town of Shelburne, Ontario. The wind turbines will be sited entirely on privately owned land currently used for agricultural production of row crops, pastureland or land that has been left fallow. Two types of General Electric (GE) wind turbines will be used to maximize power output and minimize noise emissions. Currently, there are plans for 18 GE 2.75 MW and 31 GE 1.6 MW wind turbines, for a total of 49 wind turbines. To meet noise requirements set out in O.Reg 359.09 not all turbines will be generating at their nameplate capacity. Eighteen larger models of turbines (GE 2.75 MW) were used to reduce the number of turbines required to meet the project’s 100 MW FIT contract. Although, in order to meet noise requirements some turbines will be hardwired in various noise reduced operation modes, which means the nameplate capacity of various turbines will be reduced. The project’s total nameplate capacity is 99.1 MW, although the expected generation capacity will be 91.4 MW, considering the turbines in noise reduced operation mode.

This Wind Turbine Specification Report outlines the specifications of the two models of wind turbines to be used for this Project, including the make, model, nameplate capacity, hub height, rotational speeds and acoustic emissions data, including the sound power and frequency spectrum in terms of octave-band sound power levels, as well as the measurement uncertainty and tonality.

Page i

Dufferin Wind Power Project Dufferin Wind Power Inc. Wind Turbine Specification Report August 2012

TABLE OF CONTENTS Page EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... i 1. INTRODUCTION ...... 1 2. PROJECT PROPONENT ...... 2 3. PROJECT LOCATION ...... 3 3.1 Description of Project Components 4 4. WIND TURBINE SPECIFICATIONS AND ACOUSTIC DATA ...... 6

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: Adherence to Ontario Regulation 359/09 Wind Turbine Specifications Report ...... 1 Table 2: Wind Turbine Characteristics ...... 6 Table 3: List of Wind Turbines by Turbine Model and Noise Reduced Operation Mode ...... 7

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1: Wind Farm Site Plan ...... 5

LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix A Wind Turbine Manufacturer Technical Specifications Appendix B Wind Turbine Manufacturer Acoustic Specifications

Page ii

Dufferin Wind Power Project Dufferin Wind Power Inc. Wind Turbine Specification Report August 2012

1. INTRODUCTION

The Dufferin Wind Power Project (the Project) is a wind facility being developed by Dufferin Wind Power Inc. (DWP), an entity owned by Longyuan Canada Renewables Ltd. (Longyuan Canada) and Farm Owned Power (Melancthon) Ltd. (FOPM). The wind farm, located in the County of Dufferin, will consist of 18 General Electric (GE) 2.75 MW and 31 GE 1.6 MW wind turbines for a total of 49 wind turbines with a nameplate capacity of 99.1 MW and an expected energy generation of 91.4 MW. The wind turbines will be situated entirely on privately owned land that is currently under agricultural production of row crops, pastureland or land that has been left fallow.

A 100 MW contract from the Ontario Power Authority (OPA) for the sale of electricity from wind power through the Province’s Feed-in-Tariff (FIT) program (enabled by the Green Energy and Green Economy Act) has been received for the Project. The Project will require approval under Ontario Regulation 359/09, Renewable Energy Approval (REA or Ontario Regulation 359/09) under Section V.0.1 of the Ontario Environmental Protection Act. Based on the REA Regulations, this project is a ‘Class 4’ wind facility.

This Wind Turbine Specification Report has been prepared to fulfill the requirements of Item 14 in Table 1 of the Ontario Regulation 359/09, Renewable Energy Approvals as per Table 1.

Table 1: Adherence to Ontario Regulation 359/09 Wind Turbine Specifications Report Requirements Section Reference Provide specifications of each wind turbine, including: Section 4 1. The make, model, nameplate capacity, hub height above grade and Appendix A rotational speeds. 2. The acoustic emissions data, determined and reported in accordance with standard CAN/CSA-C61400-11-07, “Wind Turbine Generator Systems – Part 11: Acoustic Noise Measurement Techniques,” dated Section 4 October 2007, including the overall sound power level, measurement Appendix B uncertainty value, octave-band sound power levels (linear weighted) and tonality and tonal audibility.

This Wind Turbine Specification Report was made available for municipal and aboriginal review and comment on February 24, 2012, and for public review and comment on May 24, 2012. The REA Consultation period ended on July 23, 2012. Other reports included in the REA submission package include:

 Project Description Report  Construction Plan Report Page 1 Dufferin Wind Power Project Dufferin Wind Power Inc. Wind Turbine Specification Report August 2012

o Archaeological Assessments o Cultural Heritage Self-Assessments o Cultural Heritage Assessment o Transportation Plan for Turbine Delivery  Design and Operations Report o Noise Assessment Report o Environmental Effects Monitoring Plan o Emergency Response and Communications Plan o Post-Construction Monitoring Plan  Decommissioning Plan Report  Property Line Setback Assessment Report  Water Body Report  Water Assessment Report  Natural Heritage Assessment Reports o Records Review o Site Investigation o Evaluation of Significance o Environmental Impact Study  Consultation Report  Supporting Documents.

2. PROJECT PROPONENT

Dufferin Wind Power Inc. (DWP) is a partnership between Longyuan Canada Renewables Ltd (Longyuan Canada) and Farm Owned Power Melancthon (FOPM) Ltd. Longyuan Canada is a Toronto-based, wholly-owned subsidiary of the China Longyuan Power Group Corporation (CLYPG), which is considered the second largest renewable energy company in the world. FOPM is a partnership of local landowners and farmers that was formed to develop the Dufferin Wind Power project. In April 2010, FOPM was awarded a 100 MW Feed-In-Tariff (FIT) contract for the sale of electricity from wind power through the Ontario Power Authority’s FIT program. In June 2011, Longyuan Canada partnered with FOPM and acquired a controlling interest in the Dufferin Wind Power project to advance the project. Together, Longyuan Canada and FOPM are developing the project.

Page 2 Dufferin Wind Power Project Dufferin Wind Power Inc. Wind Turbine Specification Report August 2012

DWP is the primary contact for this project and contact information is as follows:

Full Name of Company: Dufferin Wind Power Inc. Address: TD Canada Trust Tower 161 Bay Street, Suite 4550 Toronto, Ontario, M5J 2S1 Telephone: Office: 416-551-6375 Website: http://www.dufferinwindpower.ca Prime Contact: Jeff Hammond, Senior Vice President Email: [email protected]

Dillon Consulting Limited (Dillon) is the prime consultant for the preparation of the Construction Plan Report and other REA documents. The Dillon contact information is as follows:

Full Name of Company: Dillon Consulting Limited Address: 235 Yorkland Boulevard, Suite 800 Toronto, Ontario, M2J 4Y8 Telephone: Office: 416-229-4647 ext. 2355 Prime Contact: Don McKinnon, REA Project Manager Email: [email protected]

A toll free information line has been setup for the project to help direct questions to the appropriate parties. This toll free number is 1-855-249-1473.

3. PROJECT LOCATION

The Project is located entirely in the County of Dufferin. The wind farm itself, which includes the wind turbines and Balance of Plant (BOP) (i.e., underground collector system, project substation, access roads, operations and maintenance facility and temporary construction areas), is located within the Township of Melancthon, approximately 14 kilometres north of Shelburne, Ontario. The project area encompasses approximately 2,913 ha of privately owned land parcels. The location of the wind turbines is bound by:

 The Melancthon-Osprey Townline to the north  The Melancthon-Mulmur Townline to the east  Sideroad 15 in Melancthon to the south th th  5 Line/6 Line Northeast/Sideroad 240/County Road 2 to the west.

Page 3 Dufferin Wind Power Project Dufferin Wind Power Inc. Wind Turbine Specification Report August 2012

The wind turbines, project substation, access roads, underground collector system, and operations and maintenance facility will be constructed in the Township of Melancthon on privately owned land, which is currently designated as either ‘Rural’, ‘Agricultural’ or ‘Environmental Protection’ on Schedule A of the Township of Melancthon’s Official Plan, 2010, and the Township of Melancthon’s March 2012 Draft Official Plan. The majority of the project’s underground collector system will be constructed on privately owned land with the exception of road crossings and a limited number of areas within the public road right-of-way.

DWP is currently seeking permitting on two options to connect the project to the provincial grid, however only one option will be constructed. Please see the Project Description Report, the Construction Plan Report or the Design and Operations Report for a detailed overview of the power line options.

3.1 Description of Project Components

The project is composed of 49 wind turbines. There are two different types of wind turbines planned for the wind farm. There will be 18 GE 2.75 MW wind turbines and 31 GE 1.6 MW wind turbines. Figure 1, the Wind Facility Site Plan, illustrates the location and model of each wind turbine to be used and it’s noise reduced operation level. Table 2, outlines the wind turbines’s general characteristics.

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EA ! Date Created: 112311 S T OAD Date Modified: 080912 IDER TH S File Path: I:\GIS\115199 - Dufferin Wind\ 15 2012\Mapping\PDR\Figure 2 Wind Farm Site Plan.mxd Produced by Dillon Consulting Limited under Licence with the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources © Queen’s Printer for Ontario, 2011

Dufferin Wind Power Project Dufferin Wind Power Inc. Wind Turbine Specification Report August 2012

Table 2: Wind Turbine Characteristics Wind Turbines GE 1.6 MW GE 2.75 MW Total Number 31 18 Rating 1.6 MW 2.75 MW Number of Blades 3 3 Blade Length 48.7 m 50.2 m Hub Height 80 m 85 m Rotor Diameter 100 m 103 m Cut-In Wind Speed 3.5 m/s 3 m/s Cut-Out Wind Speed 25 m/s 25 m/s Rated Wind Speed 11 m/s 12 m/s Swept Area 7,850 m2 8,328 m2 Rotational Speed Variable Variable

4. WIND TURBINE SPECIFICATIONS AND ACOUSTIC DATA

Two different wind turbines are being proposed for this project. The selected turbines will help to maximize energy yields, while minimizing sound emissions from the Wind Facility. In order to meet the noise requirements for the Wind Facility during operations, some of the turbines will set to different noise reduced operation (NRO) modes, which also means decreased output for some of the turbines. The turbines are hard-wired to these specifications to meet the requirements for the Wind Facility and cannot be modified, unless a revised Noise Study Report is prepared and submitted to the MOE for approval.

Table 3 outlines the specifications for each wind turbine model (and NRO) and the acoustic emissions data including the sound power level and frequency spectrum in terms of octave band sound power levels. Figure 2a presents the location of each type of wind turbine used. Please see Appendix A for technical specifications of each turbine model obtained from GE and Appendix B for acoustic emissions data obtained from GE.

Page 6 Dufferin Wind Power Project Dufferin Wind Power Inc. Wind Turbine Specification Report August 2012

Table 3: List of Wind Turbines by Turbine Model and Noise Reduced Operation Mode Sound Power Level (dBA) Frequency Spectrum (dBA) Nameplate Capacity Turbine Model Turbine at 10 m above grade Octave band sound power levels at 10 m above grade (MW) 6 m/s 10 m/s to cutout Hz 6 m/s 10 m/s to cutout 1 At 63 Hz 87.7 92.3 2 At 125 Hz 92.1 96.3 21 At 250 Hz 94.7 96.9 22 At 500 Hz 95.4 96.3 35 At 1000 Hz 95.8 99.3 GE 2.75 2.75 101.7 105.0 36 At 2000 Hz 92.8 98.4 43 At 4000 Hz 85.9 90.1 46 48 At 8000 Hz 70.1 73.9 49 14 At 63 Hz 88.7 92.4 23 At 125 Hz 92.9 95.6 30 At 250 Hz 95.5 96.3 41 At 500 Hz 95.8 95.3 GE 2.565 2.565 102.2 104.0 44 At 1000 Hz 96.2 98.0 At 2000 Hz 92.9 97.1 At 4000 Hz 85.3 88.4 At 8000 Hz 69.6 72.5 13 At 63 Hz 88.6 91.4 18 At 125 Hz 92.9 94.6 47 At 250 Hz 95.4 95.3 At 500 Hz 95.8 94.3 GE 2.47 2.47 102.1 103.0 At 1000 Hz 96.1 97.0 At 2000 Hz 92.9 96.1 At 4000 Hz 85.3 87.4 At 8000 Hz 69.5 71.5 19 At 63 Hz 85.5 89.6 20 At 125 HZ 90.8 94.3 27 At 250 Hz 94.5 95.2 28 At 500 Hz 95.0 96.5 GE 1.6 31 1.6 100.5 103.0 At 1000 Hz 91.3 97.2 At 2000 Hz 91.9 94.3 At 4000 Hz 88.4 87.2 At 8000 Hz 69.8 68.7

Page 7 Dufferin Wind Power Project Dufferin Wind Power Inc. Wind Turbine Specification Report August 2012

Table 3: List of Wind Turbines by Turbine Model and Noise Reduced Operation Mode Sound Power Level (dBA) Frequency Spectrum (dBA) Nameplate Capacity Turbine Model Turbine at 10 m above grade Octave band sound power levels at 10 m above grade (MW) 6 m/s 10 m/s to cutout Hz 6 m/s 10 m/s to cutout 15 At 63 Hz 85.5 88.7 37 At 125 HZ 90.8 93.3 At 250 Hz 94.5 94.3 At 500 Hz 95.0 95.8 GE 1.482 1.482 100.5 102.0 At 1000 Hz 91.2 96.1 At 2000 Hz 92.0 92.7 At 4000 Hz 88.5 85.8 At 8000 Hz 69.9 67.4 3 At 63 Hz 85.6 87.7 4 At 125 HZ 90.9 92.3 6 At 250 Hz 94.6 93.4 9 At 500 Hz 95.1 95.1 10 At 1000 Hz 91.3 95.0 12 At 2000 Hz 92.0 91.3 GE 1.388 24 1.388 98.2 101.0 At 4000 Hz 88.6 84.6 32 At 8000 Hz 70.0 66.0 33 38 40 42 45 5 At 63 Hz 85.0 86.8 7 At 125 HZ 90.4 91.3 8 At 250 Hz 94.0 92.5 11 At 500 Hz 94.3 94.3 16 At 1000 Hz 90.5 93.9 17 At 2000 Hz 91.4 90.0 GE 1.336 25 1.336 99.9 100.0 At 4000 Hz 87.9 83.6 26 At 8000 Hz 69.1 64.9 29 34 39

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APPENDIX A

Wind Turbine Manufacturer Technical Specifications

General Electric 1.6 MW Turbines

GE Power & Water Renewable Energy fact 1.6-82.5 Wind Turbine sheet

Introduction Features and Benefits GE continues to advance its 1.5 MW wind turbine series product • A 15% increase in swept area relative to the 1.5-77 allows wind line with the introduction of GE’s 1.6-82.5 wind turbine. farms to be located in areas of lower average annual wind speeds, providing a strong return on investment. GE’s 1.6-82.5 wind turbine provides additional annual energy • Based upon GE’s 1.5 MW series turbine, the 1.6-82.5 turbine offers production relative to the 1.5-82.5 wind turbine. Coupled with the same industry workhorse reliability with increased output. industry-leading low cost of electricity, this additional output equates to higher customer value. • A sophisticated set of grid friendly features enable operators to meet stringent grid requirements. Focusing on performance, reliability, efficiency, and multi- generational product evolution, GE’s 1.6-82.5 wind turbine Product Specifications continues to deliver wind product leadership. GE’s 1.6-82.5 with Advanced Loads Control offers the following technical specifications: Applicable Platforms • 50/60 Hz GE’s 1.6-82.5 wind turbine is available in both 50 and 60 Hz for use in IEC Class II environments. • 80 and 100 meter tower configurations

Technical Description • Cold weather extreme configuration option GE’s 1.6-82.5 wind turbine has a rotor diameter of 82.5 meters. • IEC Class II This wind turbine also incorporates Advanced Loads Control which reduces the loads on the blades and other mechanical components to allow increased power production while maintaining a 20-year design life.

Enhancements to GE’s 1.6-82.5 wind turbine include: strengthened generator frames, an improved gearbox design and an upgraded pitch system.

GE’s 1.6-82.5 wind turbine utilizes GE Energy’s proven Mark* VIe controller and advanced diagnostic capability to increase troubleshooting efficiency.

Powering the world…responsibly.

For more information, please visit www.ge-energy.com/wind

GEA18112B (05/2011)

GE Power & Water Renewable Energy

Introducing GE’s 1.6-100 Best-in-class capacity factor Introducing GE’s 1.6-100

Product evolution. It’s one of the things GE does best. Especially when it comes to the next generation of wind turbines. Building on a strong power generation heritage spanning more than a century, our onshore wind turbines deliver proven performance, availability and reliability—creating more value for our customers.

As one of the world’s leading wind turbine suppliers, GE Energy’s current product portfolio includes wind turbines with rated capacities ranging from 1.5 MW–4.1 MW and support services extending from development assistance to operation and maintenance.

2 Best-in-class capacity factor

GE’s 1.6-100 Wind Turbine GE’s 1.6-100 wind turbine offers a 47% increase in swept area when compared to the 1.6-82.5 turbine, resulting in 19% increase in Annual Energy Production (AEP) at 7.5 m/s. This increase in blade swept area allows greater energy capture and improved project economics for wind developers. GE’s 1.6-100 turbine has a 53% gross capacity factor, at 7.5 m/s; a class leading performance. GE’s proprietary 48.7 meter blade uses the same proven aerodynamic shape as the blades found on the 2.5-100 turbine.

GE’s stringent design procedures result in a turbine designed for high performance, reliability and availability. The use of the rotor from the proven GE 2.5-100 turbine and selected component modifications provide increased annual production with the same reliable performance as the 1.5 MW series turbine.

Available in 80 meter and 96 meter hub heights, these sizes provide flexible options for Class III wind sites, allowing for higher energy capture in lower wind speed environments.

Building Upon the Proven 1.5 MW and 2.5 MW Platforms The evolution of GE’s 1.5 MW turbine design began with the 1.5i turbine introduced in 1996. The 65 meter rotor was increased to 70.5 meters in the 1.5s then to 77 meters in the 1.5sle turbine which was introduced in 2004. Building on the exceptional performance and reliability of the 1.5sle, GE introduced the 1.5xle with its 82.5 meter diameter in 2005. Subsequent improvements in design led to the 1.6-82.5 turbine, introduced in 2008. Ongoing investment in the industry workhorse resulted in the introduction of GE’s 1.6-100 wind turbine with a 100 meter rotor. This product evolution ensures increased capacity factor while increasing AEP by 19%.

Incremental changes to the 1.6-100 resulted in a significant performance increase. These enhancements include greater blade length and controls improvements resulting in an increase in AEP, high capacity factor, and controlled sound performance. Designed with high reliability to ensure continued operation in the field, GE’s 1.6-100 can provide excellent availability comparable with the 1.5 MW series units operating in the field today.

3 Introducing GE’s 1.6-100

Technical Description GE’s 1.6-100 wind turbine is a three-blade, upwind, horizontal axis wind turbine with a rotor diameter of 100 meters. The turbine rotor and nacelle are mounted on top of a tubular steel tower providing hub heights of 80 meters and 96 meters. The machine uses active yaw control to keep the rotor pointed into the wind. The turbine is designed to operate at a variable speed and uses a doubly fed asynchronous generator with a partial power converter system.

Specifications: 1.6-100 Wind Turbine: • Designed to IEC 61400-1 • Standard and cold weather extreme options • Standard tower corrosion protection; C2 internal and C3 external with optional C4 internal and C5 external available • Rotational direction: Clockwise viewed from an upwind location • Speed regulation: Electric drive pitch control with battery backup • Aerodynamic brake: Full feathering of blade pitch

Features and Benefits • Higher AEP than its 1.6 predecessors • Highest capacity factor in its class • Designed to meet or exceed the 1.5 MW platform’s historic high availability • Grid friendly options are available — Enhanced Reactive Power, Voltage Ride Thru, Power Factor Control • Wind Farm Control System; WindSCADA* • GE proprietary 48.7 meter blade • Available in both 50 Hz and 60 Hz versions for global suitability

4 Best-in-class capacity factor

Construction

Towers: tubular steel sections provide hub heights of 80 meters or 96 meters Blades: GE 48.7 meter blades Drivetrain components: GE’s 1.6-100 uses proven design gearboxes, mainshaft and generators with appropriate improvements to enable the larger rotor diameter on the 1.6 MW machine

Enhanced Controls Technology The 1.6-100 wind turbine employs two enhanced control features: • GE’s patented Advanced Loads Control reduces loads on turbine components by measuring stresses and individually adjusting blade pitch • Controls developed by GE Global Research minimize loads including at near rated wind speeds to improve Annual Energy Production (AEP)

Condition Monitoring System (option) GE’s Condition Monitoring System (CMS) and SCADA Anomaly Detection Services, a complementary suite of advanced condition monitoring solutions, proactively detect impending drive train and whole-turbine issues enabling increased availability and decreased maintenance expenses. Built upon half a century of power generation drivetrain and data anomaly monitoring experience, this service solution is available as an option on new GE Units and as an upgrade.

5 Introducing GE’s 1.6-100

1.6-100 Specifications

Power Curve Improvement

2000

1500

1000 1.6-82.5

Electrical Power (kW) 500 1.6-100

0 0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 Wind Speed (m/s)

Highest capacity factor in its class

• Value. Best in Class Capacity Factor, 53% @ 7.5 m/s • Reliability. GE fleet at 98%+ availability • Experience. 17,000+ wind turbines installed globally • Finance-ability. Evolutionary design using “proven technology” from GE 1.5 MW and 2.5 MW platforms

6 Best-in-class capacity factor

1.6 MW wind turbine, Tahachapi, California, U.S.A.

7 Powering the world…responsibly.

For more information please visit www.ge-energy.com/wind.

* Denotes trademarks of General Electric Company.

GEA18628B (11/2011) GE Energy

Technical Documentation Wind Turbine Generator Systems GE 1.6-100 - 50 Hz / 60 Hz

Technical Description and Data

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Gepower.com

Visit us at www.gewindenergy.com

All technical data is subject to change in line with ongoing technical development!

This document is to be treated confidentially. It may only be made accessible to authorized persons. It may only be made available to third parties with the expressed written consent of General Electric Energy.

All documents are copyrighted within the meaning of the Copyright Act. The transmission and reproduction of the documents, also in extracts, as well as the exploitation and communication of the contents are not allowed without express written consent. Contraventions are liable to prosecution and compensation for damage. We reserve all rights for the exercise of commercial patent rights.

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1.6-100_xxHz_GD_allcomp_ContrDoc.ENxxx.00.doc

GE Energy Technical Description and Data

Table of Contents

1 Introduction ...... 5 2 Technical Description of the Wind Turbine and Major Components...... 5 2.1 Rotor ...... 5 2.2 Blades ...... 6 2.3 Blade Pitch Control System...... 6 2.4 Hub...... 6 2.5 Gearbox ...... 6 2.6 Bearings...... 6 2.7 Brake System...... 7 2.8 Generator...... 7 2.9 Flexible Coupling...... 7 2.10 Yaw System ...... 7 2.11 Tower...... 7 2.12 Nacelle...... 8 2.13 Anemometer, Wind Vane and Lightning Rod...... 8 2.14 Lightning Protection...... 8 2.15 Wind Turbine Control System...... 8 2.16 Power Converter...... 8 3 Technical Data for the 1.6-100...... 9 3.1 Rotor ...... 9 3.2 Pitch System...... 9 3.3 Yaw System ...... 9 4 Operational Limits ...... 10

CONFIDENTIAL - Proprietary Information. DO NOT COPY without written consent from General Electric Energy. UNCONTROLLED when printed or transmitted electronically. © 2010 General Electric Energy. All rights reserved 1.6-100_xxHz_GD_allcomp_ContrDoc.ENxxx.00.doc

GE Energy Technical Description and Data

1 Introduction

This technical description is preliminary and is subject to change. This document summarizes the technical description and specifications of the GE Energy (GE) 1.6-100 wind turbine generator system.

2 Technical Description of the Wind Turbine and Major Components

The wind turbine is a three bladed, upwind, horizontal-axis wind turbine with a rotor diameter of 100 m. The turbine rotor and nacelle are mounted on top of a tubular tower giving a rotor hub height of 80 or 100 m. The machine employs active yaw control (designed to steer the machine with respect to the wind direction), active blade pitch control (designed to regulate turbine rotor speed), and a generator/power electronic converter system.

The wind turbine features a distributed drive train design wherein the major drive train components including main shaft bearings, gearbox, generator, yaw drives, and control panel are attached to a bedplate (see Figure 1).

Figure 1: GE Energy 1.6-100 wind turbine nacelle layout

2.1 Rotor

The rotor diameter is 100 m, resulting in a swept area of 7,854 m, and is designed to operate between 9.75 and 16.18 revolutions per minute (rpm). Rotor speed is regulated by a combination of blade pitch angle adjustment and generator/converter torque control. The rotor spins in a clock-wise direction under normal operating conditions when viewed from an upwind location.

Full blade pitch angle range is approximately 90°, with the 0°-position being with the airfoil chord line flat to the prevailing wind. The blades being pitched to a full feather pitch angle of approximately 90° accomplishes aerodynamic braking of the rotor; whereby the blades “spill” the wind thus limiting rotor speed.

2.2 Blades

There are three rotor blades used on each wind turbine. The airfoils transition along the blade span with the thicker airfoils being located in-board towards the blade root (hub) and gradually tapering to thinner cross sections out towards the blade tip.

2.3 Blade Pitch Control System

The rotor utilizes three (one for each blade) independent electric pitch motors and controllers to provide adjustment of the blade pitch angle during operation. Blade pitch angle is adjusted by an electric drive that is mounted inside the rotor hub and is coupled to a ring gear mounted to the inner race of the blade pitch bearing (see Figure 1).

GE’s active-pitch controller enables the wind turbine rotor to regulate speed, when above rated wind speed, by allowing the blade to “spill” excess aerodynamic lift. Energy from wind gusts below rated wind speed is captured by allowing the rotor to speed up, transforming this gust energy into kinetic which may then be extracted from the rotor.

Three independent back-up units are provided to power each individual blade pitch system to feather the blades and shut down the machine in the event of a grid line outage or other fault. By having all three blades outfitted with independent pitch systems, redundancy of individual blade aerodynamic braking capability is provided.

2.4 Hub

The hub is used to connect the three rotor blades to the turbine main shaft. The hub also houses the three electric blade pitch systems and is mounted directly to the main shaft. Access to the inside of the hub is provided through a hatch.

2.5 Gearbox

The gearbox in the wind turbine is designed to transmit power between the low-rpm turbine rotor and high- rpm electric generator. The gearbox is a multi-stage planetary/helical gear design. The gearbox is mounted to the machine bedplate. The gearing is designed to transfer torsional power from the wind turbine rotor to the electric generator. A parking brake is mounted on the high-speed shaft of the gearbox.

2.6 Bearings

The blade pitch bearing is designed to allow the blade to pitch about a span-wise pitch axis. The inner race of the blade pitch bearing is outfitted with a blade drive gear that enables the blade to be driven in pitch by an electric gear-driven motor/controller.

The main shaft bearing is a roller bearing mounted in a pillow-block housing arrangement.

The bearings used inside the gearbox are of the cylindrical, spherical and tapered roller type. These bearings are designed to provide bearing and alignment of the internal gearing shafts and accommodate radial and axial loads.

2.7 Brake System

The electrically actuated individual blade pitch systems act as the main braking system for the wind turbine. Braking under normal operating conditions is accomplished by feathering the blades out of the wind. Any single feathered rotor blade is designed to slow the rotor, and each rotor blade has its own back-up to provide power to the electric drive in the event of a grid line loss.

The turbine is also equipped with a mechanical brake located at the output (high-speed) shaft of the gearbox. This brake is only applied as an auxiliary brake to the main aerodynamic brake and to prevent rotation of the machinery as required by certain service activities.

2.8 Generator

The generator is a doubly-fed induction type. The generator meets protection class requirements of the International Standard IP 54 (totally enclosed). The generator is mounted to the bedplate and the mounting is designed so as to reduce vibration and noise transfer to the bedplate.

2.9 Flexible Coupling

Designed to protect the drive train from excessive torque loads, a flexible coupling is provided between the generator and gearbox output shaft this is equipped with a torque-limiting device sized to keep the max. allowable torque below the maximum design limit of the drive train.

2.10 Yaw System

A roller bearing attached between the nacelle and tower facilitates yaw motion. Planetary yaw drives (with brakes that engage when the drive is disabled) mesh with the outside gear of the yaw bearing and steer the machine to track the wind in yaw. The automatic yaw brakes engage in order to prevent the yaw drives from seeing peak loads from any turbulent wind.

The controller activates the yaw drives to align the nacelle to the average wind direction based on the wind vane sensor mounted on top of the nacelle.

A cable twist sensor provides a record of nacelle yaw position and cable twisting. After the sensor detects excessive rotation in one direction, the controller automatically brings the rotor to a complete stop, untwists the cable by counter yawing of the nacelle, and restarts the wind turbine.

2.11 Tower

The wind turbine is mounted on top of a tubular tower. The tubular tower is manufactured in sections from steel plate. Access to the turbine is through a lockable steel door at the base of the tower. Service platforms are provided. Access to the nacelle is provided by a ladder and a fall arresting safety system is included. Interior lights are installed at critical points from the base of the tower to the tower top.

2.12 Nacelle

The nacelle houses the main components of the wind turbine generator. Access from the tower into the nacelle is through the bottom of the nacelle. The nacelle is ventilated. It is illuminated with electric light. A hatch at the front end of the nacelle provides access to the blades and hub. The rotor can be secured in place with a rotor lock.

2.13 Anemometer, Wind Vane and Lightning Rod

An anemometer, wind vane and lightning rod are mounted on top of the nacelle housing. Access to these sensors is accomplished through a hatch in the nacelle roof.

2.14 Lightning Protection

The rotor blades are equipped with a lightning receptors mounted in the blade. The turbine is grounded and shielded to protect against lightning, however, lightning is an unpredictable force of nature, and it is possible that a lightning strike could damage various components notwithstanding the lightning protection deployed in the machine.

2.15 Wind Turbine Control System

The wind turbine machine can be controlled automatically or manually from either an interface located inside the nacelle or from a control box at the bottom of the tower. Control signals can also be sent from a remote computer via a Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System (SCADA), with local lockout capability provided at the turbine controller.

Service switches at the tower top prevent service personnel at the bottom of the tower from operating certain systems of the turbine while service personnel are in the nacelle. To override any machine operation, Emergency-stop buttons located in the tower base and in the nacelle can be activated to stop the turbine in the event of an emergency.

2.16 Power Converter

The wind turbine uses a power converter system that consists of a converter on the rotor side, a DC intermediate circuit, and a power inverter on the grid side.

The converter system consists of a power module and the associated electrical equipment. Variable output frequency of the converter allows operation of the generator.

3 Technical Data for the 1.6-100 3.1 Rotor

Diameter 100 m

Number of blades 3

Swept area 7,854 m2

Rotor speed range 9.75 to 16.18 rpm

Rotational direction Clockwise looking downwind

Maximum tip speed 84.7 m/s

Orientation Upwind

Speed regulation Pitch control

Aerodynamic brakes Full feathering

3.2 Pitch System

Principle Independent blade pitch control

Actuation Individual electric drive

3.3 Yaw System

Yaw rate 0.5 degree/s

4 Operational Limits

Height above sea level Maximum 2500 m. See notes in section maximum standard ambient temperature below. Minimum temperature (standard) Standard weather: -15°C / -20°C operational / survival Cold weather package: -30 °C/ -40 °C Switching on takes place at a hysteresis of 5K (-10°C resp. -25°C) Maximum standard ambient +40°C / +50°C temperature (operation / survival) The turbine has a feature reducing the maximum output, resulting in minimized turbine revolutions once the component temperatures approach predefined thresholds. This feature operates best at higher altitudes, as the heat transfer properties of air diminish with decreasing density. Please note that the units are not derated in respect to site conditions. The units’ reactions related to this feature are based solely on sensor temperatures. Wind conditions 50 / 60 Hz: (IEC 3B) according to IEC 61400 Standard weather package: Vaverage = 7.5 m/s , TI = 16 % @ 15 m/s Maximum extreme gust (10 min) 50 / 60 Hz: according to IEC 61400 Standard weather package: 37.5 m/s Cold weather package: 37.5 m/s Maximum extreme gust (3 s) 50 / 60 Hz: according to IEC 61400 Standard weather package: 52.5 m/s Cold weather package: 52.5 m/s

Technical Documentation Wind Turbine Generator Systems

1.6-100 (Americas Units Only)

Transport

Roads and Crane Hard Standings

imagination at work

GE Energy – Original Instructions –

Gepower.com

Visit us at www.gewindenergy.com

All technical data is subject to change in line with ongoing technical development!

GE and are trademarks and service marks of General Electric Company.

Other company or product names mentioned in this document may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies.

imagination at work

1.6-100_xxHz_TM_allComp_RoadandCrane.ENxxx.00b

GE Energy – Original Instructions – Transport

Table of Contents

1 Introduction ...... 5 2 Sources...... 5 3 Wind Turbine Installation Process...... 6 3.1 Components ...... 6 4 Transportation...... 7 4.1 Traffic Volume...... 7 4.2 Tower Section Transportation ...... 7 4.2.1 Tower Section Transportation (80 m and 100 m) (North America)...... 7 4.2.2 Tower Transport (80 m, and 100 m) (South America)...... 9 4.3 Blade Transportation ...... 11 4.3.1 Blade Transportation (North America)...... 11 4.3.2 Blade Transportation (South America) ...... 12 4.4 Machine Head Transportation...... 13 4.4.1 Machine Head Transportation (North America)...... 13 4.4.2 Machine Head Transport (South America)...... 14 4.5 Site Access/Grades (North and South America) ...... 15 4.6 Road Base ...... 17 4.7 Laydown Area at Foundation (Pad)...... 18 4.7.1 Staging Compaction Requirements for Components ...... 18 4.7.2 Assembling & Staging Requirements for Components...... 18 5 Crane Hard Standings...... 19 5.1 Introduction...... 19 5.2 Crane Assembly Area ...... 19 5.3 Installation Area...... 20 5.4 Crane Travel Requirements...... 22 5.4.1 Site Levelness Requirements...... 23 6 Marshalling Area ...... 23 7 Attachments...... 23

CONFIDENTIAL - Proprietary Information. DO NOT COPY without written consent from General Electric Company. UNCONTROLLED when printed or transmitted electronically. © 2011 General Electric Company. All rights reserved

1.6-100_xxHz_TM_allComp_RoadandCrane.ENxxx.00b x

GE Energy – Original Instructions – Transport

1 Introduction

GE Energy is a major supplier of Wind Turbine Generator Systems (WTGS) in North, Central and South America. This document is a specification intended for use by GE Energy’s customers and provides guidelines for the layout of the project site. It also contains important information on the equipment used to transport the components to the erection location and the specifications for the road surface construction details, maintenance and clearance requirements. In addition to that it provides specific information on the cranes used for the erection and installation of the components. This document provides general references that have been used successfully at many wind farm locations. However, project specific data will be provided by the crane contractor and transporter assigned to that project site. Hence, it will be the customer’s responsibility to determine and provide project site roads and crane pads which meet or exceed the minimum criteria as defined in this document and by the crane contractor and transporter. GE does not accept the liability for claims of any nature which result from failure to comply with the requirements set for in this document.

This document applies to the following WTGS types:

• 1.6-100 (80 meter and 100 meter tower heights)

Every site has its own unique conditions and challenges that might go outside the requirements as listed in this manual. Close cooperation between the installation contractor, the transportation company, the site owner and GE Energy is of vital importance to ensure safe and timely execution of the project while eliminating damage to the WTGS equipment and / or the transportation / lifting equipment through proper planning. This manual is provided as a tool for that purpose.

Specifications on trucks and cranes are descriptive only and GE gives no warranties with respect there to and has no liability of any nature in connection with such descriptions or specifications.

The manufacturer manuals for the cranes and trailers actually used on the project must always be consulted and compiled. This specification is intended as a general specification and guideline only.

2 Sources

GE Document - 1.6-100_xxHz_GD_allComp_ContrDocW&D.ENxxx GE sources GE - 1.5 MW Wind Turbine Installation Manual

Trailer sources Trail King, factory supplied product specifications

Nooteboom, factory supplied product specifications

Crane sources Manitowoc Product guide for Manitowoc 16000 crawler crane Product guide for Grove RT9130 RT crane Liebherr Operating manual for LR1400-2 crawler crane

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3 Wind Turbine Installation Process

3.1 Components

For information about the different WTGS components and their respective sizes and weights, reference is made to:

GE Energy document: 1.6-100_xxHz_GD_allComp_ContrDocW&D.ENxxx. (Most recent revision has to be verified with GE project manager, prior to project start).

Installation sequence As far as the heavy lifts are concerned, the installation process consists of the following steps:

Pre-work is the foundation installation and the installation of the Controller Unit

Step 1: Install Down Tower Assembly (Controller) Step 2: Installation of Base Tower Step 3: Installation of Mid Tower(s) Step 4: Installation of Top Tower Step 5: Installation of Machine Head Step 6: Installation of blades on HUB (this is executed on the ground) Step 7: Installation of completed HUB / blade assembly

Tower Types:

80 meter tower – consist of 3 sections 100 meter tower – consist for 5 sections

Figure 1: WTGS layout

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4 Transportation

4.1 Traffic Volume

Approximate traffic per WTGS:

• 60 – 65 concrete and other construction trucks • Approximately 20 trucks with crane components (1 crawler crane) and up to 2 assist cranes (hydraulic crane up to 200 ton capacity) • 8 – 11 specialized heavy haul trucks with major WTGS components • 2 – 5 extended reach forklifts and other material handling equipment

4.2 Tower Section Transportation

4.2.1 Tower Section Transportation (80 m and 100 m) (North America) The tower sections may be transported using six or nine axle Schnable trailers (see Figure 2) and various other setups.

Figure 2: Typical 9-axle Schnable trailer for tower transportation

For transportation using Schnable type trailers, the tower section is connected to the Schnable attachments of the trailers. The tower section thus forms an integral part of the trailer arrangement and is not supported on any kind of chassis (see Figure 3 and Figure 4).

Tractor and trailer axles need to have adequate fendering system in place to reduce road dirt grime to components. Both ends of tower section shall be sealed by tarps.

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Figure 3 and Figure 4 show the tower section loaded in a Schnable trailer.

Figure 3: Loaded tower section

Figure 4: Loaded tower section II

Tire loadings are maximum 20,000 Lbs. per single axle of 4 tires. Road surfaces and turn layouts should be designed to meet or exceed these loading criteria. Although Schnable trailers are the most prevalent mode of transportation for tower sections, it cannot be guaranteed that these trailers will be used on a specific project.

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Figure 5 shows the typical layout for a tower section transport.

Figure 5: 90 degree turning radius of 9-axle Schnable trailer loaded with top section (98’)

4.2.2 Tower Transport (80 m, and 100 m) (South America) The tower sections may be transported using 3 to 6 axle extendable deck trailers (see Figure 6) and possibly other set ups once the Wind Transportation Markets mature in the region.

Figure 6: 6 axle extendable deck trailer, typical set up for South America

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Tower Sections will be loaded in to pre-fabricated cradles, which will be supplied by carriers in South America; they will be secured utilizing chains attached to the flanges on each end of the tower section. There will be an overhang on most configurations, ranging from 3000 mm to 4300 mm. See figure Figure 7.

Figure 7: Typical deck trailer used to transport tower sections in South America

Tractor and trailer axles need to have adequate fendering system in place to reduce road grime to components. Both ends of tower section shall be sealed with tarps.

Axle weights will not exceed 11 tons per axle, which is mandated by most Federal Road Authorities. Road surfaces and site layouts should be designed to meet or exceed these criteria.

Extendable deck trailers will come in all forms, from no extension (pictured above) to the ability to extend roughly 9 meters. These types of transports will not experience the most dimensional challenges; however their axle weights will require site roads to be constructed to the specifications highlighted below. Figure 8 below shows the typical turn radius of a top section tower transport in South America.

Figure 8: Typical turn radius for a 6-axle deck tower trailer

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4.3 Blade Transportation

4.3.1 Blade Transportation (North America) There are several different styles of trailer types that could be used for blade transportation. Tractor and trailer axles need to have adequate fendering system in place to reduce road dirt grime to components. The Trail King trailer has steerable rear axles that allow the driver to reduce the cut-in of the trailer axles when going around a corner or sharp curve. The Trail King blade hauler has a maximum steering angle of the rear axle of 30 degrees.

Figure 9: Typical blade transport configuration

Figure 10 shows a 48.7-meter blade typical turning radius, the cut in and trailer path of the Trail King blade hauler is illustrated. Maximum loads per axle are similar or lower than that of the tower transporter.

Figure 10: 90° degree turning radius of Trail King blade trailer (156’ blade)

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4.3.2 Blade Transportation (South America) WTGS blade transportation in South America is the least maneuverable transport that will navigate to the site on public roads and on the site itself, having the largest transport envelope of all major components. While some countries in South America are seeing an influx of specialized steerable blade trailer equipment for the most part these will be transported via extendable deck trailers with non-steerable rear axles. These single 48.7 m blades they will have the largest turning radius requirements along with the greatest overhead obstruction clearance. See Figure 11.

Figure 11: double blade package on a 3-axle extendable deck trailer

Most, if not all, trailers will not extend to the end of the blade package, there will be anywhere from a 8000 mm to a 15000 mm overhang. This means all turns will need a clear counter radius in order for the overhang portion to swing out. See Figure 12.

Figure 12: Turn Radius of 51700 mm with an overall length of 51030 mm

Tractor and trailer axles need to have adequate fendering systems in place to reduce road grime to components.

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4.4 Machine Head Transportation

4.4.1 Machine Head Transportation (North America) The machine head, relatively heavy however compact in size, can be transported on 9 to 8 axle trailor + tractor configuration. See Figure 13. This combination will have the highest axle loads and highest gross vehicle weight. See Figure 14 for typical turn radius.

Tractor and trailer axles need to have adequate fendering system in place to reduce road dirt grime to components.

Figure 13: Typical machine head transport (pictures shows a 13 axle trailer)

Figure 14: 13 axle combination turn radius, largest radius requirements in North America

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4.4.2 Machine Head Transport (South America) The Machine Head, relatively heavy however compact in size, is the least cumbersome to transport in South America of all the major components. Most countries have a high weight per axle laws, which allow GE to utilize trailer configurations that drastically shorten the trailer and overall length of the load. The transport envelope for this component will fit within the typical blade and/or tower transport. See Figure 15 and Figure 16.

Figure 15: Typical configuration in South America for the machine head transport

Figure 16: Radius layout for a 4 to 6 axle trailer

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4.5 Site Access/Grades (North and South America)

The main access road to site, off the public road, must be a minimum of 30 feet wide (9 meters) for a distance of 200 feet (60 meters) to allow a fully loaded tower trailer and an empty blade trailer to pass each other side by side, while entering or exiting the site.

See Figure 5 for space requirements for tower section transport on a 13-axle Schnable combination. Corners need to allow for shown tire path and for overhang in center of trailer.

Grade: Maximum grade achievable for 13-axle double Schnable loaded: 8 %, in North America. Maximum grade achievable for a loaded Tower Transport: 6 %, in South America. This maximum grade will need to be corrected for proper road surface. For example, mostly packed gravel: reduce –1.00 %. See Table 1 for gradeability loss for different types of surfaces.

Towing - If during the project planning it is seen to be necessary that a towing vehicle is required for gradients over 8%, then GE Energy and the customer will decide on the type of towing/pushing vehicles and the suitable towing procedure with regard to the respective situation. All cost for the ordering, delivery, and use of the towing/pushing vehicles are to be carried by the customer.

If during the project it is seen to be necessary that a towing vehicle is require for gradients under 6% then this is to be supplied by the customer at short notice. Reasons for this could be, but no limited to:

• Bad weather conditions • Poorly constructed roads • Improperly maintained road surfaces

All cost resulting from the need for a towing/pushing vehicle during the project phase and those costs resulting to waiting time for GE Energy and its crane/transport vehicles will be passed on to the customer.

Rolling surface Surface resistance Gradeability loss Correction factor (pounds) (% Grade) Best Concrete 10 No Loss 0 Worn Concrete Asphaltic concrete (cold) 12 0.20% 0.20 Sheet Asphalt (cold) Brick Packed Gravel (clay bound) 15 0.50% 0.50 Asphaltic concrete (summer heat) Natural Soil (hard packed) 15 to 20 0.75% 0.75 Packed Gravel 20 1.00% 1.00 Sheet Asphalt (summer heat) Natural soil (spongy pack) 25 to 40 2.25% 2.25 Loose Gravel 75 to 100 7.75% 7.75 Sand 100 to 150 11.50% 11.50

Table 1: Grade loss for different type of surfaces

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The adverse rolling surface horsepower demand is a factor of the grade HP percentage and is, therefore, not a function of the rolling resistance HP demand. If, for example, sheet asphalt has a rolling resistance rating of 20 Lbs., the surface condition is 10 Lbs. over normal and any calculated gradeability would be reduced by – 1 % grade. Looking at it in terms of HP requirement, the power demand would be that of a 1 % grade for the given load and road speed.

See also Figure 17 and Figure 18 for reference. If these properties are exceeded, transport layout and configuration will need to be re-evaluated.

Figure 17: Typical road allowable grades

Figure 18: Typical road allowable bumps and dips

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Site Roads - In North America overall height clearance needs to be minimum of 17’-6” (communication lines etc.). Power lines require additional clearance for safety, depending on the voltage of the lines.

In South America overall height clearance needs to be minimum of 5.8 meters (communication lines etc.). Power lines require additional clearance for safety, depending on the voltage of the lines.

Minimum site road width for truck deliveries needs to be a minimum of 16’-6” in North America and 5 meters wide in South America (not including the crane walk area). Compaction requirements in corners and turns need to be consistent when more space is required. Levelness across the roads and embankments at the edges need to be constructed in such a way to prevent trailer axles from sliding off the road.

When existing roads are widened for the projects, special care needs to be taken regarding the road base under the width extensions, since these areas will be heaviest loaded when a heavy haul transport passes through.

4.6 Road Base

A typical trailer is 10 feet (3 meters) wide maximum. Axle loadings are 20,000 Lbs maximum per axle (North America) and maximum 11 tons per axle (South America). The top layer needs to be such as to prevent rutting from multiple axles driving over the same area. The tire pressure is 116 psi / 16,700 psf (8 bar) for truck / trailer tires. This is higher than for the RT cranes. Although the contact pressure is high, the high local pressure translates into a required ground bearing strength of approx. 1,500 psf. approx. 2’ below grade. This translates in road buildup with regular limestone base, compacted to 95 % according to local Government Transportation Standards. Road foundation will need to be tailored for local conditions taking into consideration ground water table, sub soil conditions etc. A civil engineer familiar with the local conditions needs to be consulted prior to specifying the roads to ensure the proper requirements.

Care must be taken to backfill trenches for collection lines etc. in such a way to restore the original dimensions and strength of the roadbed. This implies backfilling and compacting in 6 – 8” increments with suitable material.

The road surface needs to be prepared in such a way to ensure proper drain off and to prevent standing water.

Site roads typically are subjected to rapid surface deterioration even under the best conditions. It is therefore emphasized that ongoing inspection and remedial maintenance effort be planned Attention! for and implemented.

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4.7 Laydown Area at Foundation (Pad)

Figure 19: Typical WTGS assembly layout, 48.7 meter blades (plan view)

Figure 19 shows a typical laydown area for the components around the foundation. Trailer configurations will be traveling over this area, as will cranes. The minimum ground bearing capacity is 6,000 psf. for crane pad and road. For the laydown of the blades, flatness deviation over the length of the blades cannot be more than 6”.

4.7.1 Staging Compaction Requirements for Components In addition, all site locations in which a loaded component delivery truck is required to traverse must meet minimum ground compaction and road dimension requirements as stated previously in this document. All individual unit site pad locations must have an adequate truck turn around for component delivery trucks.

4.7.2 Assembling & Staging Requirements for Components Areas free from obstacles are all assembly areas other than the main component staging areas.

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5 Crane Hard Standings

5.1 Introduction

Main installation crane considered for this specification is a 450 ton crawler crane (Manitowoc 16000).

Crane would be mobilized with a main boom only. As an option, the crane can be equipped with a short fixed jib (vessel lifter), or a luffing jib. Crane configuration can change in the course of the project.

5.2 Crane Assembly Area

Cranes can be partly self-erected, but still need an assist crane. For reasons of time saving, or due to the site layout, contractors may choose to perform the whole assembly with an assist crane. Furthermore, self- assembly usually requires a larger area in order to allow parts to be maneuvered under the assembly hook in a certain way or at a certain position.

Adequate area needs to be included for crane assembly other than site access road.

Figure 20: Assembly area 450T crawler with 295’ of main boom

Figure 21: Assembly area secondary crane with 190’ of main boom

1.6-100_xxHz_TM_allComp_RoadandCrane.ENxxx.00b 19/23 GE Energy – Original Instructions – Transport

100 M tower requires 400' length 50' wide for assembly area on the main crane. Attention!

Figure 20 and Figure 21 show the assembly area requirements for each particular machine. Area needs to have a minimum allowable ground bearing pressure of 8,000 psf when using no mats under the crawlers, 2,000 psf when using single layer of mats under the crawlers and 1,500 psf when using a double layer of mats under the crawlers.

5.3 Installation Area

Figure 19 shows typical layout for the different subassemblies prior to assembly. Crane positions are indicated. Maximum allowable crane pad out-of-level tolerance is 1 %.

All crane pad layouts are based on Site Specific lift plans, crane specific configuration dimensions. E.g., crawlers cranes, hydraulic tire cranes and all terrain cranes.

Attention! These layouts must be developed, planned, and implemented in coordination with the crane contractor and BOP contractor.

Assist crane positions are also indicated. Outrigger load spreading setup combined with allowable ground bearing pressures under outriggers boards need to be within the specs for the main liftcrane. The allowable outrigger pressures depend on whether the ground is set up for traveling of the main liftcrane on no-mats, a single- or a double-layer of timber mats.

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Figure 22: Example - hydraulic tire cranes

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Figure 23: Example - plan view of crawler crane pad

5.4 Crane Travel Requirements

Crane width, outside to outside, over the pads is typically 29’-6” (9.0 meters), and the machine will require this as minimum width to travel from location to location. The turning radius is typically a circle with a diameter of 45’-6” (13.8 meters), centered over the centerline of the road.

Pressure directly under the crawlers, traveling with no weight in the hook (approx. 91 meters main boom only) varies between 8,800 psf (main boom at 12 meters radius) and 4,000 psf (main boom at 34 meters radius).

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Under a single layer of mats with an effective bearing area of 16’-4” x 3’-4” (5 m x 1 m, cross under the tracks) for the same configuration, pressure directly under the mats for the crane traveling with no weight in the hook (approx. 91 meters main boom only) varies between 2,150 psf (main boom at 12 meters radius) and 920 psf (main boom at 34 meters radius).

The crane manual for the particular machine actually used on the project must be consulted to verify dimensional and bearing requirements prior to the performance of any lift. Compaction requirements must be met prior to mobilization of the crane to the site.

5.4.1 Site Levelness Requirements All above, the crane manual for the particular machine actually used on the project must to be consulted and lift design parameters verified.

As a general guideline:

• Side-to-side levelness over the width boom (boom hinge pins) no more than 0.5%. • 0% - 10% (0.5 degrees – 5.7 degrees) upper works must be in line crawlers • Side angle: o 0% – 5% uphill or downhill: side-hill angle 0% – 1% o Over 5% uphill or downhill: no side angle allowed • Boom angle as specified by the crane manufacturer. This varies per configuration and angle conditions

6 Marshalling Area

Marshalling and temporary staging area needs to comply with access restrictions as for the component transport. The area will also need to comply with the same allowable tire-loads for the transport equipment and the same allowable ground bearing pressures for the offloading cranes. For the staging of the equipment, the elevation difference between front and back of the blades cannot be more than 6” out-of-line.

7 Attachments

Attachment A: GE Energy Document: 1.6-100_xxHz_GD_allComp_ContrDocW&D.ENxxx (separate attachment)

Consult GE Project Manager for latest version of Document 1.6-100_xxHz_GD_allComp_ContrDocW&D.ENxxx.

1.6-100_xxHz_TM_allComp_RoadandCrane.ENxxx.00b 23/23 GE Energy

Commercial Documentation Wind Turbine Generator Systems 1.6-100 - 50 & 60 Hz

Weights and Dimensions

imagination at work

GE Energy

Gepower.com

Visit us at www.gewindenergy.com

All technical data is subject to change in line with ongoing technical development!

GE and are trademarks and service marks of General Electric Company.

Other company or product names mentioned in this document may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies.

imagination at work

1.6-100_xxHz_GD_allComp_ContrDocW&D.ENxxx.00.doc.

GE Energy Weights and Dimensions

Table of Contents

1 Introduction ...... 4 2 Tower Sections Weights and Dimensions...... 4 3 Hub and Nose Cone Assembly...... 4 4 Blades...... 5 5 Machine Head ...... 5 6 Down tower Assembly Components ...... 5 7 Foundation Mounting Piece (FMP)...... 5 8 Single Components...... 6

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1 Introduction

All weights in this document are estimates only for field installation and transportation reference and do not include the weights and dimensions of the shipping frame/fixture that may be required. Actual weights may vary depending on component manufacturer and are subject to change without notification. All weights must be verified prior to installation and transportation.

2 Tower Sections Weights and Dimensions

GE uses a modular tower design concept. The 100m, 80 m, and 79.7 m heights are requiring the tower sections as per the following table:

Top section Mid section A Mid section B Mid section C Bottom section 100 m hub height Required Required Required Required Required

79.7 m hub height Required Required Not required Not required Required

Table 1: Modular tower design concept

This following table gives the weights and dimensions of each tower section and excludes anchor ring and tower base ring.

Weight Weight Length Length Width (m) Width (ft-in)

(kg) (lbs) (m) (ft-in) top/bottom top/bottom Top section 100 m HH 25000 55100 22.4 73’6” 2.6/4.3 8’6”/14’1” Mid section A 100 m HH 36900 81400 21 68’11” 4.3/4.3 14’1”/14’1” Mid section B 100 m HH 48300 106500 21 68’11” 4.3/4.3 14’1”/14’1” Mid section C 100 m HH 56500 124600 18 59’1” 4.3/4.3 14’1”/14’1” Bottom section 100 m HH 60000 132300 15 49’3” 4.3/4.6 14’1”/15’1” Top section 79.7 m HH 32700 72100 29.5 96’9” 2.6/3.4 8’6”/11’2” Mid section A 79.7 m HH 46000 101500 26.0 85’4” 3.4/4.3 11’2“/14’1” Bottom section 79.7 m HH 62000 136700 22.0 72’2” 4.3/4.6 14’1”/15’1”

Table 2: Weights and dimensions of the tower sections

3 Hub and Nose Cone Assembly

This section gives the weights and dimensions of the hub assembly with fixtures.

Weight (kg) Weight (lbs) Length (m) Length (ft) Diameter (m) Diameter (ft) Height (m) Height (ft) 25,750 56,770 3.846 12’7” 3.2 10’6“ 4.683 15’5”

Table 3: Weights and dimensions of the hub

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4 Blades

This section gives the weights and dimensions of a single blade including bolts. Note that the dimensions given are for the blade alone and do not include the bolts used to attach the blade to the hub.

Weight (kg) Weight (lbs) Length (m) Length (ft) Diameter (m) Diameter (ft) 6500 14,330 48.7 159’9” 2.92 9’7”

Table 4: Weights and dimensions of a single blade

5 Machine Head

This section gives the weights and dimensions of the nacelle and its internal components and excludes the hub and blades.

Weight (kg) Weight (lbs) Length (m) Length (ft) Width (m) Width (ft) Height (m) Height (ft) 65000 145,500 8.8 28’10” 3.6 11’10” 3.8 12’6”

Table 5: Weights and dimensions of the nacelle

6 Down tower Assembly Components

This section gives the weights and dimensions of the down tower assembly components.

Weight Weight Length Length Width Width Height Height Component (kg) (lbs) (m) (ft-in) (m) (ft) (m) (ft) Controller 2700 6000 2.3 7’6” 0.9 2’11” 2.7 8’9”

Table 6: Weights and dimensions of the down tower assembly components

7 Foundation Mounting Piece (FMP)

For 100 m Hub Height

This section gives the weights and dimensions of the Foundation Mounting Piece.

Diameter at Diameter at Diameter at Diameter at Weight (kg) Weight (lbs) Height (m) Height (ft) Base (m) Base (ft-in) Top (m) Top (ft-in) 9000 19900 4.6 15’1” 4.3 14’1” 1.8 5’11”

Table 7: Weights and dimensions of the FMP

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8 Single Components

This section gives the weights and dimensions of the major components that are located in the nacelle.

Weight Weight Length Length Width Width Height Height Component (kg) (lbs) (m) (ft) (m) (ft) (m) (ft) Gearbox 16500 36500 2.7 8’11” 2.5 8’3” 2.4 7’11”

Generator 8450 18700 3.42 11’3” 1.62 5’4” 2.20 7’3”

Table 8: Weights and dimensions of single components

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Technical Documentation Wind Turbine Generator Systems 1.6-100 - 50 Hz and 60 Hz

Calculated Power Curve

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GE Energy Calculated Power Curve

Table of Contents

1 Calculated Power Curve GE’s 1.6-100 – 50 and 60 Hz...... 5 2 Air Density Tables for Normal, Low and High Turbulence Intensities...... 6 3 Applicability...... 8 4 Cut-Out and Re-Cut-In Wind Speeds GE’s 1.6-100 – 50 and 60 Hz...... 8

CONFIDENTIAL - Proprietary Information. DO NOT COPY without written consent from GE Company. UNCONTROLLED when printed or transmitted electronically. © 2010 GE Company. All rights reserved 1.6-100_xxHz_PCD_allComp_xxxxxxxx.ENxx.02.doc GE Energy Calculated Power Curve

1 Calculated Power Curve GE’s 1.6-100 – 50 and 60 Hz

Standard Atmospheric Conditions (Air Density of 1.225 kg/m3)

Rotor Diameter: 100 m

(Cut-out wind speed based on 10 minute average)

Normal Turbulence Low Turbulence High Turbulence Cp.e Normal Wind Speed at Hub Intensities Intensities Intensities Turbulence Height [m/s] 10% < TI < 15% TI < 10% 15% < TI < 20% Intensities 3.0 1 1 2 0.01 3.5 16 14 23 0.08 4.0 81 78 90 0.26 4.5 163 159 174 0.37 5.0 259 255 272 0.43 5.5 378 371 397 0.47 6.0 504 495 528 0.48 6.5 643 633 670 0.49 7.0 808 796 838 0.49 7.5 984 978 998 0.48 8.0 1159 1161 1156 0.47 8.5 1312 1322 1296 0.44 9.0 1426 1438 1404 0.41 9.5 1519 1525 1501 0.37 10.0 1571 1579 1551 0.33 10.5 1594 1603 1583 0.29 11.0 1609 1614 1601 0.25 11.5 1619 1620 1610 0.22 12.0 1620 1620 1615 0.19 12.5 1620 1620 1620 0.17 13.0 - cutout 1620 1620 1620 - Table 1: Calculated power curve for the GE’s 1.6-100

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2 Air Density Tables for Normal, Low and High Turbulence Intensities

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Air Air Air Air Air Air Air Air Air Air Air Wind Speed Density Density Density Density Density Density Density Density Density Density Density at Hub ρ = ρ = 1.02 ρ = 1.04 ρ = 1.06 ρ = 1.08 ρ = 1.1 ρ = 1.12 ρ = 1.14 ρ = 1.16 ρ = 1.18 ρ = 1.2 Height [m/s] 1.225 kg/m3 kg/m3 kg/m3 kg/m3 kg/m3 kg/m3 kg/m3 kg/m3 kg/m3 kg/m3 kg/m3 3.0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3.5 5 6 7 8 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 4.0 58 60 62 64 66 68 69 71 73 75 78 4.5 126 129 132 135 139 142 145 148 151 154 159 5.0 205 210 215 220 225 229 234 238 243 248 255 5.5 302 309 316 322 329 335 341 347 354 361 371 6.0 406 415 423 432 440 449 457 465 474 483 495 6.5 521 533 544 554 565 575 585 596 607 618 633 7.0 658 671 685 698 712 724 737 750 763 777 796 7.5 813 830 846 863 879 894 910 926 941 958 978 8.0 987 1006 1025 1043 1061 1079 1096 1113 1129 1144 1161 8.5 1171 1189 1207 1224 1242 1259 1275 1290 1303 1313 1322 9.0 1343 1358 1373 1386 1398 1410 1420 1428 1434 1437 1438 9.5 1486 1494 1501 1507 1512 1517 1521 1523 1525 1525 1525 10.0 1573 1575 1576 1577 1578 1578 1579 1579 1579 1579 1579 10.5 1598 1599 1600 1601 1602 1602 1603 1603 1603 1603 1603 11.0 1614 1614 1614 1614 1614 1614 1614 1614 1614 1614 1614 11.5 - cutout 1620 1620 1620 1620 1620 1620 1620 1620 1620 1620 1620 Table 3: Air Density Table for Low Turbulence Intensities Air Air Air Air Air Air Air Air Air Air Air Wind Speed at Density Density Density Density Density Density Density Density Density Density Density Hub Height ρ = ρ = 1.02 ρ = 1.04 ρ = 1.06 ρ = 1.08 ρ = 1.1 ρ = 1.12 ρ = 1.14 ρ = 1.16 ρ = 1.18 ρ = 1.2 [m/s] 1.225 kg/m3 kg/m3 kg/m3 kg/m3 kg/m3 kg/m3 kg/m3 kg/m3 kg/m3 kg/m3 kg/m3 3.0 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 3.5 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 20 21 22 23 4.0 68 70 72 74 76 78 81 83 85 87 90 4.5 138 142 145 148 152 155 159 162 166 169 174 5.0 220 225 230 235 240 245 250 256 261 266 272 5.5 323 330 338 345 352 359 366 373 381 388 397 6.0 433 442 451 461 470 479 488 498 507 516 528 6.5 552 564 575 587 598 610 621 633 644 656 670 7.0 696 710 724 738 752 766 780 794 808 821 838 7.5 854 869 884 898 913 928 942 956 970 983 998 8.0 1016 1033 1049 1065 1080 1095 1108 1121 1133 1144 1156 8.5 1174 1190 1205 1219 1232 1244 1255 1265 1275 1284 1296 9.0 1315 1328 1340 1351 1361 1369 1376 1383 1389 1396 1404 9.5 1445 1453 1461 1468 1474 1479 1483 1487 1491 1495 1501 10.0 1523 1528 1532 1536 1540 1543 1546 1548 1550 1551 1551 10.5 1568 1571 1573 1575 1577 1579 1581 1582 1583 1583 1583 11.0 1594 1595 1596 1597 1598 1599 1600 1601 1601 1601 1601 11.5 1607 1607 1608 1608 1608 1609 1609 1610 1610 1610 1610 12.0 1613 1613 1614 1614 1614 1614 1614 1614 1615 1615 1615 12.5 1618 1618 1619 1619 1619 1619 1620 1620 1620 1620 1620 13 - cutout 1620 1620 1620 1620 1620 1620 1620 1620 1620 1620 1620 Table 4: Air Density Table for High Turbulence Intensities

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3 Applicability The power curve information provided above applies to the following conditions:

• The stated range of mean horizontal wind turbulence intensity, defined as the mean value at 15 m/s average hub height wind speed. • The specified value for mean air density.

Furthermore, also referencing the comprehensive requirements given in the Technical Specifications for Machine Power Performance Tests:

• The stated performance applies to: o clean, non-degraded, and uncontaminated blade surfaces without icing; o A wind turbine generator system decoupled from WindCONTROL. WindCONTROL controls and regulates the voltage and/or power of the entire wind farm. The stated performance of the power curve in this document assumes that the wind turbine generator system power output is not being regulated or controlled by WindCONTROL. The term "decoupled" implies that there are no voltage or power commands being assigned from the WindCONTROL system and the output of the wind turbine generator system is free to operate up to the maximum capability of the machine itself. o power values apply to the low-voltage side of the transformer.

• Wind-speed labels are mid-bin values; for example, the 5.0 m/s bin extends from 4.75 to 5.25 m/s. • The wind inclination at the site should be within the turbine design conditions (typically +/- 8° for onshore machines per the IEC 61400-1). • Information on the influences of the cold weather options is located in the document “Technical Description – Cold Weather Adaptations”. The turbine shall operate within its normal operating range.

4 Cut-Out and Re-Cut-In Wind Speeds GE’s 1.6-100 – 50 and 60 Hz If the average wind speed exceeds

• 25 m/s in a 600 s time interval • 28 m/s in a 30 s time interval or • 30 m/s in a 3 s time interval the wind turbine generator system will shut down.

If the average wind speed remains below

• 22 m/s in a 300 s time interval the wind turbine generator system will cut in again.

Furthermore, low air density power rating is explicitly provided.

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Technical Documentation Wind Turbine Generator Systems 1.6-100 - 50 Hz & 60 Hz

Thrust Coefficient

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Other company or product names mentioned in this document may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies.

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GE Energy Thrust coefficients

Thrust Coefficients 1.6-100 – 50 Hz and 60 Hz

Rotor diameter: 100 m

Hub Height Hub Height Static Ct-Values Static Ct-Values Wind Speed (m/s) Wind Speed (m/s) 3.0 1.293 14.5 0.146 3.5 1.199 15.0 0.131 4.0 1.091 15.5 0.119 4.5 1.002 16.0 0.108 5.0 0.928 16.5 0.099 5.5 0.864 17.0 0.091 6.0 0.817 17.5 0.084 6.5 0.793 18.0 0.077 7.0 0.783 18.5 0.071 7.5 0.772 19.0 0.066 8.0 0.744 19.5 0.061 8.5 0.688 20.0 0.057 9.0 0.615 20.5 0.053 9.5 0.538 21.0 0.050 10.0 0.462 21.5 0.047 10.5 0.402 22.0 0.044 11.0 0.347 22.5 0.041 11.5 0.302 23.0 0.039 12.0 0.263 23.5 0.037 12.5 0.231 24.0 0.035 13.0 0.204 24.5 0.033 13.5 0.181 25.0 0.031 14.0 0.162 Standard Atmospheric Conditions according to ISO 2533.

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GE Energy

Technical Documentation Wind Turbine Generator Systems 1.6 - 50 Hz and 60 Hz

Grid Interconnection

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GE Energy Grid Interconnection

Table of Contents

1 Technology ...... 5 2 Step-Up Transformer ...... 5 3 Frequency Tolerance for 50 Hz and 60 Hz Markets ...... 5 4 Voltage Tolerance & Fault Ride-Thru ...... 6 5 Protection ...... 7 6 Minimum Grid Strength ...... 7 7 Reactive Power Capability ...... 7 8 WindFREE Reactive Power ...... 7 9 WindINERTIA ...... 8 10 Voltage Regulation ...... 8 11 Harmonic Distortion ...... 10 11.1 IEEE 60 Hz Distortions ...... 10 12 System Modelling ...... 11 12.1 Wind Turbine Short Circuit Modelling ...... 11 12.2 Wind Turbine Dynamic Modelling ...... 11 12.3 Wind Turbine Transient Modelling ...... 11 12.4 Wind Turbine Dynamic Model Validation ...... 11 12.5 Wind Turbine Transient Model Validation ...... 11 13 Power Demand ...... 12 Appendix I – General Data (Reference Only) ...... 13 Appendix II – Representative Generator Data: Equivalent Circuit Diagram ...... 14 Appendix III – Step-Up Transformer Protection ...... 15 Appendix IV – Reactive Power Capability Curves ...... 16 Appendix V ...... 21

GE Energy Grid Interconnection

1 Technology

The 1.6 MW wind turbine is variable speed and employs a doubly-fed induction generator with a power converter interfacing the rotor to the grid. The wind turbine is capable of supplying/drawing reactive power to/from the grid thus contributing to grid voltage support. The turbine employs the Electrically Simplified System (ESS). The wind turbine is capable of quickly regulating voltage on a continuous basis and providing dynamic reactive power to the power system that corresponds to a selection of under excited/overexcited power factor offerings.

2 Step-Up Transformer

The individual wind turbines are connected through a step-up transformer to the collection system, recommend specifications as follows:

• 690 VAC L-L (wye-grounded): 2000-34500 VAC (Delta) • 1.75 MVA* • Impedance Z=5.75 % • Proper protection in accordance with Appendix III.

The voltage tolerance in section 4 is a dynamic range in which full active and reactive power is possible. Permanent changes to the steady state voltage at the LV terminals due to changes of the MV level in the grid or collector system may result in a reduction of the active and reactive power range or in a turbine trip. If such a change is desired, a turbine transformer tap changer can be used and the standard recommendation is to have a +- 2 x 2.5 % voltage change taps. If changes higher than this are required a different transformer should be used. Additionally, changes to steady state voltages could be addressed utilizing the substation transformer where applicable.

3 Frequency Tolerance for 50 Hz and 60 Hz Markets

Frequency limits for the 1.6 MW wind turbine are as follows:

Under Frequency Range (Fpu) Over Frequency Range (Fpu) Time (sec) 0.95 to 1.0 1.0 to 1.05 Continuous Operation < 0.95 to 0.9 >1.05 to 1.1 0.01 to 1.0 < 0.9 to 0.85 0.01 to 1.0 < 0.85 > 1.1 0.01 to .25 Table 1: Frequency Tolerance

* Based on WTG max rating; customers can optimize the MVA rating (not applicable for transformer inside tower) CONFIDENTIAL - Proprietary Information. DO NOT COPY without written consent from GE Electric Company. UNCONTROLLED when printed or transmitted electronically. © 2011 GE Electric Company. All rights reserved

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4 Voltage Tolerance & Fault Ride-Thru

Wind Ride-Thru packages enable the wind turbine to continue to operate during (“ride-through”) and after transmission system faults resulting in a severe voltage dip at the wind farm. Available options are Low Voltage Ride-Thru (LVRT) & Zero Voltage Ride-Thru (ZVRT). The table below summarizes voltage ride through capabilities which can be viewed in figure format in Appendix V:

Dynamic Voltage Time (Sec) Range (%) LVRT ZVRT 115-130 0.1 110-115 1 90-110 Continuous 85-90 600 75-85 10 15-75 0.625-2.5 0.2-2.825 0-15 Table 2: Voltage Tolerance & Fault Ride-Thru

Figure 1: WindRIDE-Thru

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5 Protection

The GE wind turbine has the following built-in protection functions:

• Over Voltage (ANSI-59) / Under Voltage (ANSI-27) • Over Frequency (ANSI-81O) / Under Frequency (ANSI-81U) • Voltage Imbalance (ANSI-60)

Additionally, the main circuit breaker, located in the control cabinet at the bottom of the tower, provides over current protection (51) and come with instantaneous, short-time and long-time settings. Note that these functions are designed for protection of the wind turbine hardware.

6 Minimum Grid Strength

The 1.6 WTG is designed to operate with a composite short circuit ratio (SCR) above 2.78 (on a MW base) at the high side of the turbine transformer. Composite SCR is defined as the ratio of the Composite short circuit MVA to the sum of the nameplate MW of all the considered wind turbine generators. The Composite short circuit MVA is calculated for a 3 phase short circuit applied to the high side of all the turbine transformers interconnected with zero impedance between. The calculation should not include short circuit contribution of wind turbine generators. The calculation of the Composite short circuit MVA and the sum of the nameplate MW must include all wind turbine generators in the proposed wind farm and other nearby wind farms that are electrically close.

Note that the short circuit MVA calculation should reflect the maximum grid impedance corresponding to the minimum condition under which the wind farm is expected to continue normal operation. Operation of the wind farm outside the limits could result in control system instabilities – special studies will be needed to characterize the impact.

7 Reactive Power Capability

The 1.6 WTG can be provided with either a ±0.95 (over/under excited) or ±0.90 (over/under excited) power factor capability.

The enhanced 0.90 reactive power capability could help meet a 0.95 power factor at the point of interconnection. The power (real and reactive) produced by the 1.6 WTG may be limited based upon actual grid conditions/requirements.

Refer to Appendix IV of this document for the reactive power capability.

8 WindFREE Reactive Power

As an optional feature, the 1.6 wind turbine generator can provide reactive power (+/-200 kVAR) even when there is no active power generation (i.e. wind speed below cut-in or above cut-out). This is achieved by utilizing capabilities of the line side converter. Refer to Appendix IV, Figure 3.

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9 WindINERTIA

With the optional “WindINERTIA” feature, the 1.6 MW wind turbine generator can provide inertial response to help stabilize grid frequency. This feature supports the grid during under frequency events by providing a temporary increase in power production (6-7 %) increase in kW) for a short duration (10 sec), contributing towards frequency recovery. This is achieved by tapping into the stored kinetic energy in the rotor mass. The response is equivalent to that of a synchronous generator with an inertia constant of 3.5 sec.

10 Voltage Regulation

GE’s WindCONTROL is a voltage / power factor controller that exploits the reactive power capability of the individual wind turbine to meet a voltage / power factor set point at the point of interconnection. It measures the voltage and current at the point of interconnection (POI) and controls the wind farm’s reactive power to regulate the voltage or power factor at POI. Through a graphical user interface (GUI), the user selects the mode of operation (constant power factor or voltage-controlled) and enters the corresponding voltage / power factor set point.

WindCONTROL is available with the following optional grid friendly features (see WindCONTROL overview for more info):

• Dynamic VAR Control (Voltage and PF control) • Line Drop Compensation • Voltage Droop • Power Curtailment • Capacitor/Reactor Bank Control • Ramp Rate Control • Frequency Droop Control The figures below plot the simulated response of a wind farm with GE wind turbines connected to a weak grid. The wind farm is subjected to ten minutes of highly variable wind near rated wind speed. The red traces show the response with Dynamic VAR control operational. The black traces show the response with Dynamic VAR control disabled, namely the individual wind turbines operating in conventional local fixed power factor mode. At the point of interconnection (44 miles / 77 km from the wind farm), the system voltage with conventional power factor control exhibits unacceptable fluctuations. With the WindCONTROL controlled system, the host utility voltage is tightly regulated and voltage variation is quite limited GE’s WindCONTROL provides tight voltage regulation, effectively eliminating concerns about flicker.

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Figure 2: System Performance with and without WindCONTROL

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11 Harmonic Distortion

Harmonic distortion data for respective 50 Hz and 60 Hz machines are presented relevant to IEEE requirements.

11.1 IEEE 60 Hz Distortions

The GE WTG harmonic distortion is within limits set by IEEE Std. 519-1992, “IEEE Recommended Practices and Requirements for Harmonic Control in Electrical Power Systems.” Limits are summarized in table 3 and table 4 for voltage and current, respectively.

• PCC is the point of common coupling • TDD is the total demand distortion (THD normalized by the current In) • In is the maximum fundamental frequency current at PCC • Isc is the maximum short-circuit current at PCC • Even Harmonics shall be limited to 25 % of the odd harmonics limits.

Voltage @ PCC Individual Vh, % Voltage THD, % V < 69 kV 3.0 5.0 69 ≤ V < 161 kV 1.5 1.5 V ≥ 161 kV 1.0 1.5 Table 3: IEEE 519 Voltage Harmonic Distortion Limits Voltage @ Current h < 11 11 ≤ h ≤17 17 ≤ h ≤ 23 23 ≤ h ≤ 35 h ≥ 35 PCC TDD% V < 69 kV 4.0 2.0 1.5 0.6 0.3 5.0 V ≥ 69 kV 2.0 1.0 0.75 0.3 0.15 1.5 Table 4: IEEE Current Distortion Limits

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12 System Modelling

12.1 Wind Turbine Short Circuit Modelling

The 1.6 MW wind turbine generator is a doubly-fed asynchronous generator with the stator directly connected to the grid while the rotor is interfaced through a frequency converter to the grid. For most faults that occur on the grid, the turbine will act as a controlled current source- contributing up to 3 per unit fault current for up to 5 cycles, after which it returns to normal current contribution (i.e. 1 per unit). For faults on the grid, the contribution from the turbines is minimal compared to that from the grid.

One exception is for “close-in” faults (e.g.: inside the wind farm, at the wind farm substation etc.) where, depending on the severity, the converter may “crowbar” (i.e. disconnect itself to protect the power electronics within). In this case the turbine rotor is short-circuited like that of a squirrel cage induction generator. The behavior can be approximated to X’ = 0.2, contributing a max of 5 per unit fault current.

12.2 Wind Turbine Dynamic Modelling

A dynamic model of the GE wind turbine is available in GE’s dynamic simulation program known as Power System Load Flow (PSLF -- from GE Energy Consulting) and Power System Simulation for Engineering (PSS/E). Any user with a valid license and current maintenance and support (M&S) agreement of the respective software can obtain the latest GE wind turbine model in that software directly from GE Energy Consulting or PSS/E. The model comes with documentation and default data. This is intended to save time, reduce data entry efforts and copying errors, and get rid of unnecessary mechanical work. The dynamic model is based on GE’s document “Modeling of GE Wind Turbine-Generators for Grid Studies”.

12.3 Wind Turbine Transient Modelling

Energy Consulting maintains a transient model of the GE wind turbine and can be contracted to perform detailed studies.

12.4 Wind Turbine Dynamic Model Validation

The dynamic model of the GE wind turbine implemented in PSLF, has been validated by comparing the response to simulations performed in WindTRAP (transient program). Simulations show closely matching results with a small offset in the wind turbine’s reactive power and reactive current. High-frequency transients in WindTRAP are not expected to be present in PSLF simulations. Details of PSLF Validation are in the document “Modeling of GE Wind Turbine-Generators for Grid Studies”.

12.5 Wind Turbine Transient Model Validation

The transient model of the GE wind turbine has been validated against factory tests for three-phase and line- to-ground faults at the generator terminals. Results show that simulations closely matched recorded data except for fault recovery in the three-phase fault event.

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13 Power Demand

The power demand of the wind turbine generator system during calm wind periods can include the yaw motor, control system, cold weather package, lighting and hydraulic pump and amount to a maximum 40 kW if all loads are operating at the same time.

The annual energy demand at a site with an average wind speed is 4000 to 10000 kWh/a.

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Appendix I – General Data (Reference Only)

50 Hz 60 Hz Parameter Units 77, 82.5 100 77, 82.5 100 Turbine Rated Output 1620 1620 1620 1620 kW

Generator Rating 1645* 1653* 1645* 1653* kW

Rated Voltage 690 V

Apparent Power [@ PF = 0.9 lag] 1828 1837 1828 1837 kVA

Rated Frequency 50 60 Hz

Poles 4 6 --

Power Factor – Options ±.90, ±.95 --

Rated Current

Stator [PF = 0.9 lag] 1400 1400 1400 1400 A

Rotor [PF = 0.9 lag] 640 640 640 640 A

Locked Rotor Voltage 1807 1816 1870 1775 V

Connection: Delta or Delta or Delta or Delta or Stator -- Star Star Star Star Rotor Star --

Synchronous Speed 1500 1500 1200 1200 rpm

Rated Speed 1915 1800 1520 1440 rpm

Slip at Rated Speed -27 -20 -27 -20 % 1000- 1080- Speed Range 800-1600 870-1570 rpm 2000 1962 Max Frequency Drift 2 Hz/sec

Rated Short Time Withstand Current [1sec] 40 kA

Max Voltage Imbalance 2.5 %

Table 3: General Data

* Corresponds to generator kW rating. Rated output of the turbine is 1620 kW CONFIDENTIAL - Proprietary Information. DO NOT COPY without written consent from GE Electric Company. UNCONTROLLED when printed or transmitted electronically. © 2011 GE Electric Company. All rights reserved

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Appendix II – Representative Generator Data: Equivalent Circuit Diagram

The above diagram is an operating equivalent circuit. Equivalent circuit parameters will vary according to generator installed. Data can be provided for specific generator models upon request.

The equivalent diagrams are for reference only and should not be directly used for short circuit calculations. Refer to section 12.1

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Appendix III – Step-Up Transformer Protection

Arc hazard resulting from a phase-to-phase or phase-to-ground fault within the cable entry area of the Power Distribution Cabinet (PDC) of the Down tower Assembly (DTA) can be significant and needs to be controlled. Low voltage protection of the turbine step up transformer is the preferred method of controlling the amount of energy released into the cabinet during a fault. Design effort has been taken to increase robustness of the PDC and to isolate incoming conductors. The result of these improvements has accomplished the following:

1. Restrictive access to the cable entry area of the PDC where incoming cables connect to the circuit breaker. Reinforced enclosure around cable entry area has been incorporated. This configuration aids in the prevention of an arc hazard. No access is allowed to the cable entry area of the PDC when energized. Any special need to troubleshoot this area of the cabinet requires the step-up transformer to be de-energized at the medium-voltage side unless a circuit breaker exists on the low voltage side of the pad mounted transformer to isolate the wind turbine generator that can be locked out. 2. All incoming power to the other areas within the DTA is protected by fuses and circuits breakers. Access to these cabinets is acceptable while the incoming power to the PDC is energized as long as LOTO and standard safety precautions are followed and personal protection equipment (PPE) is employed.

Factors that influence the time duration and energy released during a fault include the impedance of the step- up transformer, the medium-voltage fuse on the step-up transformer, and the type of fault (3-phase, line-to- line, or line-to-ground). The larger the impedance of the arcing fault, the longer the fault and the greater the danger potential to personnel and equipment.

The decision not to supply protection on the low-voltage side of the wind turbine’s step-up transformer can only be taken under the assumption that proper fusing is selected for the medium-voltage side to limit the total duration of a fault to less than 8 seconds. Note that 8 seconds is based on some experienced events and calculations that show a high probability that the protection will eventually clear the fault, thus not allowing it to self sustain. Equipment experiencing this level of intake will be significantly damaged and replacement of the panel becomes required. However, safety analysis conducted indicates that the probability of events occurring in the proper sequence is significantly low and that potential harm to workers following proper procedures is highly unlikely.

A wind farm employing medium-voltage fuses and satisfying the above will meet the minimum criteria established for personnel protection, and can be commissioned and maintained per current procedures. Further risk–reduction requires low-voltage circuit breaker protection; this at the customer’s discretion. The low-voltage circuit breaker shall be coordinated to clear arcing faults (single-line-to-ground “L-G”, double line- to-ground “L-L-G”, line-to-line “L-L”, or three-phase “3-ph”) with an arc gap of 1 inch (25mm) at the incoming feeder to the wind turbine’s power distribution controller. Recommended settings for the circuit breaker include:

690 V, 2000 A circuit breaker:

I – Instantaneous over current protection: 14,000 A S – Short-time over current protection: 4,000 A / 0.4 s L – Long-time over current protection: 2,000 A G – Ground-fault protection: 500 A / 0.3 s

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Appendix IV – Reactive Power Capability Curves

Figure 3: Reactive Power Capability Curve 1.6-77/82.5 50/60 Hz

Figure 4: Reactive Power Capability Curve 1.6-100 50/60 Hz

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Figure 3 is applicable for system voltages between 0.975 and 1.1 pu (at WTG terminal). For this range the machine can deliver full reactive power above cut in speed (200 kW below cut in speed with optional WindFREE).

For system voltages between 0.90 and 0.975, see the figures below for active and reactive power capability based on turbine type.

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Appendix V

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APPENDIX B

Wind Turbine Manufacturer Acoustic Specifications

General Electric 1.6 MW Turbines

GE 1.6 MW - 100 A-weighted Sound Power Spectra (dBA)

Standardized WS at 10 m (m/s) 6 7 8 9 10 to Cut-out

Hub height WS at 80 m (m/s) 8.4 9.7 11.1 12.5 14 to Cut-out

63 85.5 89.2 89.6 89.7 89.6

125 90.8 93.9 94.4 94.4 94.3

250 94.5 95.0 95.1 95.2 95.2

500 95.0 96.3 96.1 96.1 96.5 Frequency (Hz) 1000 91.3 96.4 96.9 97.0 97.2

2000 91.9 95.0 95.2 94.9 94.3

4000 88.4 89.0 88.6 87.9 87.2

8000 69.8 69.7 70.0 68.8 68.7

Total Sound Power Level (dB) 100.5 102.8 103.0 103.0 103.0

GE 1.336 MW- 100 A-weighted Sound Power Spectra (dBA)

Standardized WS at 10 m (m/s) 6 7 8 9 10 to Cut-out

Hub height WS at 80 m (m/s) 8.4 9.7 11.1 12.5 14 to Cut-out

63 85.0 86.5 86.8 86.9 86.8

125 90.4 91.2 91.4 91.5 91.3

250 94.0 92.8 92.3 92.4 92.5

500 94.3 93.9 93.7 93.8 94.3 Frequency (Hz) 1000 90.5 93.0 93.7 93.9 93.9

2000 91.4 91.6 91.3 90.8 90.0

4000 87.9 85.8 85.6 84.3 83.6

8000 69.1 67.6 66.8 64.4 64.9

Total Sound Power Level (dBA) 99.9 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

GE 1.388 MW - 100 A-weighted Sound Power Spectra (dBA)

Standardized WS at 10 m (m/s) 6 7 8 9 10 to Cut-out

Hub height WS at 80 m (m/s) 8.4 9.7 11.1 12.5 14 to Cut-out

63 85.6 87.5 87.8 87.9 87.7

125 90.9 92.2 92.4 92.5 92.3

250 94.6 93.5 93.3 93.4 93.4

500 95.1 94.8 94.4 94.7 95.1 Frequency (Hz) 1000 91.3 94.3 94.8 94.9 95.0

2000 92.0 92.8 92.5 92 91.3

4000 88.6 86.5 86.6 85.5 84.6

8000 70.0 67.7 67.9 65.7 66

Total Sound Power Level (dB) 98.2 101 101 101 101

GE 1.482 MW - 100 A-weighted Sound Power Spectra (dBA)

Standardized WS at 10 m (m/s) 6 7 8 9 10 to Cut-out

Hub height WS at 80 m (m/s) 8.4 9.7 11.1 12.5 14 to Cut-out

63 85.5 88.4 88.7 88.8 88.7

125 90.8 93.1 93.4 93.4 93.3

250 94.5 94.4 94.2 94.3 94.3

500 95.0 95.7 95.3 95.4 95.8 Frequency (Hz) 1000 91.2 95.4 95.8 96.0 96.1

2000 92.0 94.0 93.8 93.5 92.7

4000 88.5 87.9 87.7 86.5 85.8

8000 69.9 68.8 69.1 67.5 67.4

Total Sound Power Level (dB) 100.5 102.0 102.0 102.0 102.0

General Electric 2.75 MW Turbines

2.75-103 Calculated Power Curve and Thrust Coefficient

2.75-103 Sound Level Normal Operation

GE 2.75 MW-103 A-weighted Sound Power Spectra (dBA)

Standardized WS at 10 m (m/s) 6 7 8 9 10 to Cut-out

Hub height WS at 85 m (m/s) 8.4 9.8 11.2 12.6 14 to Cut-out

63 87.7 91.4 92.1 92.2 92.3

125 92.1 95.7 96.1 96.2 96.3

250 94.7 97.8 96.8 96.8 96.9

500 95.4 98.4 97.5 96.6 96.2 Frequency (Hz) 1000 95.8 99.2 99.7 99.5 99.3

2000 92.8 96.2 97.4 98.0 98.3

4000 85.9 88.3 88.6 91.1 90.1

8000 70.1 72.6 72.3 72.7 74.3

Total Sound Power Level (dBA) 101.7 105 105.0 105 105.0 Normal Operation Calculated Apparent Sound Power Level, 2.75-103 with 85 m hub height as a function of 10 m wind speed (z0ref = 0.05 m)

2.75-103 Normal Operation Calculated Tonal Audibility

The nominal acoustic performances for 2.75-103, 60 Hz version equipped with 103 m rotor diameter (GE 50.2 type blade) operating in normal operation (NO), specified at reference ground measuring distance Ro measurement point #1 per both IEC 61400- reference guidelines:

Tonal audibility La,k 2 dB.