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Implementation and Validation of an Advanced Wind Energy Controller in Aero-Servo-Elastic Simulations Using the Lifting Line Free Vortex Wake Model
energies Article Implementation and Validation of an Advanced Wind Energy Controller in Aero-Servo-Elastic Simulations Using the Lifting Line Free Vortex Wake Model Sebastian Perez-Becker *, David Marten, Christian Navid Nayeri and Christian Oliver Paschereit Chair of Fluid Dynamics, Hermann Föttinger Institute, Technische Universität Berlin, Müller-Breslau-Str. 8, 10623 Berlin, Germany; [email protected] (D.M.); [email protected] (C.N.N.); [email protected] (C.O.P.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Accurate and reproducible aeroelastic load calculations are indispensable for designing modern multi-MW wind turbines. They are also essential for assessing the load reduction capabilities of advanced wind turbine control strategies. In this paper, we contribute to this topic by introducing the TUB Controller, an advanced open-source wind turbine controller capable of performing full load calculations. It is compatible with the aeroelastic software QBlade, which features a lifting line free vortex wake aerodynamic model. The paper describes in detail the controller and includes a validation study against an established open-source controller from the literature. Both controllers show comparable performance with our chosen metrics. Furthermore, we analyze the advanced load reduction capabilities of the individual pitch control strategy included in the TUB Controller. Turbulent wind simulations with the DTU 10 MW Reference Wind Turbine featuring the individual pitch control strategy show a decrease in the out-of-plane and torsional blade root bending moment fatigue loads of 14% and 9.4% respectively compared to a baseline controller. Citation: Perez-Becker, S.; Marten, D.; Nayeri, C.N.; Paschereit, C.O. -
3,549 Mw Yt 0.810 Mw
Canada Wind Farms As of October 2010 Current Installed Capacity: 3,549 MW YT 0.810 MW NL 54.7 MW BC 656 MW 103.5 MW AB 104 MW SK MB 171.2 MW ON 663 MW 1,298 MW QC PE 164 MW NB 195 MW NS Courtesy of 138 MW Alberta COMPLETED WIND FARMS Installed Capacity Project Project Power Turbine # Project Name (in MW) Developer Owner Purchaser Manufacturer Year Online 1 Cardston Municipal District Magrath 30 Suncor, Enbridge, EHN Suncor, Enbridge, EHN Suncor, Enbridge, EHN GE Wind 2004 McBride Lake 75.24 Enmax, TransAlta Wind Enmax, TransAlta Wind Enmax, TransAlta Wind Vestas 2007 McBride Lake East 0.6 TransAlta Wind TransAlta Wind TransAlta Wind Vestas 2001 Soderglen Wind Farm 70.5 Nexen/Canadian Hydro Nexen/Canadian Hydro Nexen/Canadian Hydro GE 2006 Developers, Inc. Developers, Inc. Developers, Inc. Waterton Wind Turbines 3.78 TransAlta Wind TransAlta Wind TransAlta Wind Vestas 1998 2 Pincher Municipal District Castle River Wind Farm 0.6 TransAlta Wind TransAlta Wind TransAlta Wind Vestas 1997 Castle River Wind Farm 9.9 TransAlta Wind TransAlta Wind TransAlta Wind Vestas 2000 Castle River Wind Farm 29.04 TransAlta Wind TransAlta Wind TransAlta Wind Vestas 2001 Cowley Ridge 21.4 Canadian Hydro Canadian Hydro Canadian Hydro Kenetech 1993/1994 Developers, Inc. Developers, Inc. Developers, Inc. Cowley Ridge North Wind Farm 19.5 Canadian Hydro Canadian Hydro Canadian Hydro Nordex 2001 Developers, Inc. Developers, Inc. Developers, Inc. Lundbreck 0.6 Lundbreck Developments Lundbreck Developments Lundbreck Developments Enercon 2001 Joint Venture A Joint Venture A Joint Venture A Kettles Hill Phase I 9 Enmax Enmax Enmax Vestas 2006 Kettles Hill Phase II 54 Enmax Enmax Enmax Vestas 2007 Old Man River Project 3.6 Alberta Wind Energy Corp. -
Investigation of Different Airfoils on Outer Sections of Large Rotor Blades
School of Innovation, Design and Engineering Bachelor Thesis in Aeronautical Engineering 15 credits, Basic level 300 Investigation of Different Airfoils on Outer Sections of Large Rotor Blades Authors: Torstein Hiorth Soland and Sebastian Thuné Report code: MDH.IDT.FLYG.0254.2012.GN300.15HP.Ae Sammanfattning Vindkraft står för ca 3 % av jordens produktion av elektricitet. I jakten på grönare kraft, så ligger mycket av uppmärksamheten på att få mer elektricitet från vindens kinetiska energi med hjälp av vindturbiner. Vindturbiner har använts för elektricitetsproduktion sedan 1887 och sedan dess så har turbinerna blivit signifikant större och med högre verkningsgrad. Driftsförhållandena förändras avsevärt över en rotors längd. Inre delen är oftast utsatt för mer komplexa driftsförhållanden än den yttre delen. Den yttre delen har emellertid mycket större inverkan på kraft och lastalstring. Här är efterfrågan på god aerodynamisk prestanda mycket stor. Vingprofiler för mitten/yttersektionen har undersökts för att passa till en 7.0 MW rotor med diametern 165 meter. Kriterier för bladprestanda ställdes upp och sensitivitetsanalys gjordes. Med hjälp av programmen XFLR5 (XFoil) och Qblade så sattes ett blad ihop av varierande vingprofiler som sedan testades med bladelement momentum teorin. Huvuduppgiften var att göra en simulering av rotorn med en aero-elastisk kod som gav information beträffande driftsbelastningar på rotorbladet för olika vingprofiler. Dessa resultat validerades i ett professionellt program för aeroelasticitet (Flex5) som simulerar steady state, turbulent och wind shear. De bästa vingprofilerna från denna rapportens profilkatalog är NACA 63-6XX och NACA 64-6XX. Genom att implementera dessa vingprofiler på blad design 2 och 3 så erhölls en mycket hög prestanda jämfört med stora kommersiella HAWT rotorer. -
Wind Field Simulation in a Wind Farm Using Openfoam and Actuator Line Model
ParCFD'2019 31st International Conference on Parallel Computational Fluid Dynamics May-14-17 2019, Antalya TURKEY WIND FIELD SIMULATION IN A WIND FARM USING OPENFOAM AND ACTUATOR LINE MODEL Huseyin Can Onel∗ & Dr. Ismail H. Tuncery ∗ Middle East Technical University (METU) Department of Aerospace Engineering 06800 Ankara, TURKEY e-mail: [email protected] yMiddle East Technical University (METU) Department of Aerospace Engineering 06800 Ankara, TURKEY e-mail: [email protected] - Web page: http://www.ae.metu.edu.tr/tuncer/ Key words: Aerospace applications, Wind turbine, HAWT, Actuator Line Model, Wake calculation Abstract. In this study, a horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT) is modeled using so called Actuator Line Model (ALM), where full resolution of boundary layer over turbine blades is not needed and hence computation is cheaper. Results are validated against other numerical and experimental studies as well as panel method (XFOIL) and Blade Element Momentum Theory (BEMT) results which are still widely employed in today's wind energy industry. Important simulation and operation parameters and their effects on accuracy are discussed. It is concluded that within a certain range of tip speed ratios, ALM gives acceptable results and is a promising model for full-scale wind farm simulations to estimate energy production. 1 INTRODUCTION Market share of renewable energy grows at ever highest rates and wind turbine and wind farm design processes becomes more sophisticated with the advancements in computation technologies. There are two main design problems in wind energy: • Design of an individual wind turbine at its ideal operation conditions, where classical methods like 2D airfoil theory, potential flow theory and Blade Element Momentum Theory (BEMT) are still widely used, • Design of a complete wind farm, in which statistical meteorological data is used for macro-siting and simple analytical or empirical methods are used for micro-siting. -
Design and Simulation of Small Wind Turbine Blades in Q-Blade
© 2017 IJEDR | Volume 5, Issue 4 | ISSN: 2321-9939 Design and Simulation of Small Wind Turbine Blades in Q-Blade 1Veeksha Rao Ponakala, 2Dr G Anil Kumar 1PG Student, 2Assistant Professor School of Renewable Energy and Environment, Institute of Science and Technology, JNTUK, Kakinada, India Abstract- Electrical energy demand has been continuously increasing. Power generation using wind turbines is becoming viable solution as there is demand for cleaner energy sources. Wind power generators are usually located away from human dwellings for higher power generation. In any other case, turbines placed at lower altitudes, are subjected to low wind speeds and non optimal wind flow conditions. Vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs) are more efficient than the horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWTs) for low wind speed applications because of their ability to capture wind flowing from any direction. Therefore, VAWT systems are more suitable for residential and urban applications as they are universally adaptable. Major limitation observed in VAWT is high drag and turbulent force produced by the blade. This paper presents the VAWT rotor blade design to overcome the limitations. By considering the parameters required for design of blade geometry, National Advisory Committee of Aeronautics (NACA) series 0016- 64 can be utilised for optimum aerodynamic performance. NACA 0018 airfoil is selected and analysed within the required range of Reynolds numbers and wind speeds in Q-Blade software. With the proper airfoil design optimal for low wind speed conditions, the turbine efficiency can be increased in addition to maximisation of the power produced. Index Terms- VAWT, Rotor Blades, Airfoil, Lift Force, Drag Force, Q-Blade. -
Qblade Guidelines V0.6
QBlade Guidelines v0.6 David Marten Juliane Wendler January 18, 2013 Contact: david.marten(at)tu-berlin.de Contents 1 Introduction 5 1.1 Blade design and simulation in the wind turbine industry . 5 1.2 The software project . 7 2 Software implementation 9 2.1 Code limitations . 9 2.2 Code structure . 9 2.3 Plotting results / Graph controls . 11 3 TUTORIAL: How to create simulations in QBlade 13 4 XFOIL and XFLR/QFLR 29 5 The QBlade 360◦ extrapolation module 30 5.0.1 Basics . 30 5.0.2 Montgomery extrapolation . 31 5.0.3 Viterna-Corrigan post stall model . 32 6 The QBlade HAWT module 33 6.1 Basics . 33 6.1.1 The Blade Element Momentum Method . 33 6.1.2 Iteration procedure . 33 6.2 The blade design and optimization submodule . 34 6.2.1 Blade optimization . 36 6.2.2 Blade scaling . 37 6.2.3 Advanced design . 38 6.3 The rotor simulation submodule . 39 6.4 The multi parameter simulation submodule . 40 6.5 The turbine definition and simulation submodule . 41 6.6 Simulation settings . 43 6.6.1 Simulation Parameters . 43 6.6.2 Corrections . 47 6.7 Simulation results . 52 6.7.1 Data storage and visualization . 52 6.7.2 Variable listings . 53 3 Contents 7 The QBlade VAWT Module 56 7.1 Basics . 56 7.1.1 Method of operation . 56 7.1.2 The Double-Multiple Streamtube Model . 57 7.1.3 Velocities . 59 7.1.4 Iteration procedure . 59 7.1.5 Limitations . 60 7.2 The blade design and optimization submodule . -
Performance Analysis of a Small Capacity Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine Using Qblade
International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE) ISSN: 2277-3878, Volume-7, Issue-6S, March 2019 Performance Analysis of a Small Capacity Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine using QBlade Ali Said, Mazharul Islam, Mohiuddin A.K.M, Moumen Idres Abstract--- In recent times, wind energy has become one of the In this article, selected prospective airfoils have been leading renewable energy sources for generating electricity in identified and analyzed with the help of Qblade software. prospective regions around the globe. Nowadays, researchers are Results for a 3kW HAWT have also been validated with conducting different research activities to develop and optimize existing experimental results from Anderson et al [3]. The the existing designs of wind turbines through experimental and diversified computational techniques. Among the computational current research outcomes are expected to help the techniques, one of the popular choices is Computational Fluid prospective researchers to design optimized smaller-capacity Dynamics (CFD). However, CFD techniques are hardware HAWT for different prospective locations. intensive and computationally expensive. On the other hand, freely available simple tools like QBlade is computationally inexpensive and it can be used for performance and design analyses of horizontal and vertical axis wind turbines. In the present research, an attempt has been made to use QBlade for performance analyses of a smaller capacity horizontal axis wind turbine using selected prospective airfoils. In this study, four airfoils (namely, NACA 4412, SG6043, SD7062 and S833) have been selected and investigated in QBlade. It has been found that the overall power coefficients (CP) of NACA 4412 at different tip speed ratios are superior to the other three airfoils. -
Book of Abstracts
Book of abstracts 9th PhD Seminar on Wind Energy in Europe September 18-20, 2013 Uppsala University Campus Gotland, Sweden Campus Gotland WIND ENERGY Book of abstracts of 9th PhD Seminar on Wind Energy in Europe Uppsala University Campus Gotland, Sweden Campus Gotland, Wind Energy 621 67 Visby PREFACE The wind energy field is becoming more and more important in relation with future challenges of switching the world energy system to renewables. Therefore it is of high importance that tomorrow’s researchers in the field from all over the word meet and discuss future challenges. The 9th annual EAWE PhD seminar is in 2013 organized by Uppsala University Campus Gotland. This is a very suitable place for this event since it combines a unique historical environment with a sustainable profile and a long tradition of wind energy. Today about 45% of the energy consumption is locally produced by wind energy. Uppsala University Campus Gotland also has more than 10 years experience of teaching and research in the field with a focus on wind power project development. The aim with this seminar is to improve the international communication and information sharing of ongoing activities as well as simplify contact building between young researchers. It is also a perfect opportunity for PhD students to practice and improve their presentation and discussion skills. Associate Professor Stefan Ivanell Director, Wind Energy Uppsala University, Campus Gotland Book of abstracts of 9th PhD Seminar on Wind Energy in Europe September 18-20, 2013, Uppsala University Campus Gotland, Sweden TABLE OF CONTENTS ROTOR & WAKE AERODYNAMICS UNDERSTANDING THE WIND TURBINE BREAKDOWN MECHANISM WITH CFD M. -
Numerical Simulations of a Large Offshore Wind Turbine Exposed to Turbulent Inflow Conditions
9th European Seminar OWEMES 2017 Numerical simulations of a large offshore wind turbine exposed to turbulent inflow conditions Galih Bangga, Giorgia Guma, Thorsten Lutz and Ewald Krämer Institute of Aerodynamics and Gas Dynamics (IAG),University of Stuttgart, Germany [email protected] Abstract – The present works are intended to investigate the aerodynamic responses of a large generic 10MW offshore wind turbine under turbulent inflow conditions. The non-linear Lifting Line Free Vortex Wake Simulations approach is employed for this purpose computed using the QBlade code. In these studies, the effects of a three-dimensional (3D) correction model for the airfoil polars were studied in advance. For this purpose, the Blade Element Momentum computations employing the corrected polars are performed and compared to Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations, and a good agreement is obtained between both employed approaches. Background turbulence is then imposed in the QLLT simulations with the turbulence intensities ranging from low to high turbulence levels (3% - 15%). Furthermore, the impact of wind shear from different locations (offshore and onshore) is investigated in the present works. 1. Introduction A fundamental issue in accurate estimation of the power output has been noted with the continuous increase of the offshore wind farm size which is partly contributed by difficulties in flow and wake modeling [1]. This is particularly caused by the complexity of the wake downstream of the turbine and their relationship with atmospheric variables such as the variability of wind speed, direction, turbulence and atmospheric stability that is not yet fully understood [2]. Further understanding of the relationships between these variables is required to improve the current state of the art wind farm and wake models. -
Response to Wind Turbine Noise Complaints, May 2017, Pg
2 Contents INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................. 3 THE FULFILLMENT ......................................................................................................................................... 3 Was the information complete? ............................................................................................................... 4 ROLE OF COMPLAINTS .................................................................................................................................. 5 Renewable energy approval (REA) requirements ..................................................................................... 5 Legal status of complaint documents ....................................................................................................... 6 Background: Ontario’s complaint tracking process .................................................................................. 6 Direction from the Government ............................................................................................................... 9 WHAT HAPPENS TO COMPLAINTS? ............................................................................................................ 10 Field Response Rate ................................................................................................................................ 10 Actions Taken ......................................................................................................................................... -
May 22, 2020 Project Number: 200375 Ms
May 22, 2020 Project Number: 200375 Ms. Ariane Côté, Environmental Manager Romney Energy Centre Limited Partnership 53 Jarvis Street, Ste 300 Toronto, ON M5C 2H2 E-mail: [email protected] Re: Review of Operator Procedures with Respect to Renewable Energy Approval 3397-AV3NVX, Condition K2 Sewage Works of the Transformer Substation Spill Containment Facility Romney Wind Energy Centre Dear Ms. Côté: BluMetric Environmental Inc. (BluMetric ™) has prepared this letter for the Romney Wind Energy Centre (the ‘’Project’’) following review of plans and procedures prepared by others to confirm that the Project is in conformance with Condition K2 (1) of the Renewable Energy Approval (REA) 3397-AV3NVX, related to the construction and operations of a transformer substation containment facility (the ‘’facility’’). The Project REA is provided as Attachment 1. It is the intention that this letter will be provided to the Ministry of Environment, Conservation, and Parks (the Ministry). Prior to BluMetric’s involvement, Wood Canada Limited (Wood), was retained to ensure conformance of the REA Conditions K2 (1)(a) and (b) related to the actual construction and design of the facility. The final letter report by Wood stamped by a Professional Engineer licensed in Ontario is provided in Attachment 2. As such, the purpose of this letter is to review the following provided documents to Conditions K2 (1)(c) and (d) of the Project REA: • Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure (SPCC) Procedure prepared by EDF Renewable Services, Document # HSE-01-2356, dated February 2020, Revision 1; and • Emergency Preparedness and Response Plan (EPRP) prepared by EDF Renewables, Document # EENA-OEMS-PR1201, dated January 2020, Revision 3. -
Guidelines for Design of Wind Turbines
Guidelines for Design of Wind Turbines A publication from DNV/Risø Second Edition Guidelines for Design of Wind Turbines 2nd Edition Det Norske Veritas, Copenhagen ([email protected]) and Wind Energy Department, Risø National Laboratory ([email protected]) 2002. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronical, mechanical, photocopying, recording and/or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publishers. This book may not be lent, resold, hired out or otherwise disposed of by way of trade in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published, without the prior consent of the publishers. The front-page picture is from Microsoft Clipart Gallery ver. 2.0. Printed by Jydsk Centraltrykkeri, Denmark 2002 ISBN 87-550-2870-5 Guidelines for Design of Wind Turbines − DNV/Risø Preface The guidelines can be used by wind turbine manufacturers, certifying authorities, and wind turbine owners. The guidelines will The guidelines for design of wind turbines also be useful as an introduction and tutorial have been developed with an aim to compile for new technical personnel and as a refer- into one book much of the knowledge about ence for experienced engineers. design and construction of wind turbines that has been gained over the past few years. The guidelines are available as a printed This applies to knowledge achieved from book in a handy format as well as electroni- research projects as well as to knowledge cally in pdf format on a CD-ROM.