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Implementation and Validation of an Advanced Wind Energy Controller in Aero-Servo-Elastic Simulations Using the Lifting Line Free Vortex Wake Model
energies Article Implementation and Validation of an Advanced Wind Energy Controller in Aero-Servo-Elastic Simulations Using the Lifting Line Free Vortex Wake Model Sebastian Perez-Becker *, David Marten, Christian Navid Nayeri and Christian Oliver Paschereit Chair of Fluid Dynamics, Hermann Föttinger Institute, Technische Universität Berlin, Müller-Breslau-Str. 8, 10623 Berlin, Germany; [email protected] (D.M.); [email protected] (C.N.N.); [email protected] (C.O.P.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Accurate and reproducible aeroelastic load calculations are indispensable for designing modern multi-MW wind turbines. They are also essential for assessing the load reduction capabilities of advanced wind turbine control strategies. In this paper, we contribute to this topic by introducing the TUB Controller, an advanced open-source wind turbine controller capable of performing full load calculations. It is compatible with the aeroelastic software QBlade, which features a lifting line free vortex wake aerodynamic model. The paper describes in detail the controller and includes a validation study against an established open-source controller from the literature. Both controllers show comparable performance with our chosen metrics. Furthermore, we analyze the advanced load reduction capabilities of the individual pitch control strategy included in the TUB Controller. Turbulent wind simulations with the DTU 10 MW Reference Wind Turbine featuring the individual pitch control strategy show a decrease in the out-of-plane and torsional blade root bending moment fatigue loads of 14% and 9.4% respectively compared to a baseline controller. Citation: Perez-Becker, S.; Marten, D.; Nayeri, C.N.; Paschereit, C.O. -
Investigation of Different Airfoils on Outer Sections of Large Rotor Blades
School of Innovation, Design and Engineering Bachelor Thesis in Aeronautical Engineering 15 credits, Basic level 300 Investigation of Different Airfoils on Outer Sections of Large Rotor Blades Authors: Torstein Hiorth Soland and Sebastian Thuné Report code: MDH.IDT.FLYG.0254.2012.GN300.15HP.Ae Sammanfattning Vindkraft står för ca 3 % av jordens produktion av elektricitet. I jakten på grönare kraft, så ligger mycket av uppmärksamheten på att få mer elektricitet från vindens kinetiska energi med hjälp av vindturbiner. Vindturbiner har använts för elektricitetsproduktion sedan 1887 och sedan dess så har turbinerna blivit signifikant större och med högre verkningsgrad. Driftsförhållandena förändras avsevärt över en rotors längd. Inre delen är oftast utsatt för mer komplexa driftsförhållanden än den yttre delen. Den yttre delen har emellertid mycket större inverkan på kraft och lastalstring. Här är efterfrågan på god aerodynamisk prestanda mycket stor. Vingprofiler för mitten/yttersektionen har undersökts för att passa till en 7.0 MW rotor med diametern 165 meter. Kriterier för bladprestanda ställdes upp och sensitivitetsanalys gjordes. Med hjälp av programmen XFLR5 (XFoil) och Qblade så sattes ett blad ihop av varierande vingprofiler som sedan testades med bladelement momentum teorin. Huvuduppgiften var att göra en simulering av rotorn med en aero-elastisk kod som gav information beträffande driftsbelastningar på rotorbladet för olika vingprofiler. Dessa resultat validerades i ett professionellt program för aeroelasticitet (Flex5) som simulerar steady state, turbulent och wind shear. De bästa vingprofilerna från denna rapportens profilkatalog är NACA 63-6XX och NACA 64-6XX. Genom att implementera dessa vingprofiler på blad design 2 och 3 så erhölls en mycket hög prestanda jämfört med stora kommersiella HAWT rotorer. -
AALTO UNIVERSITY School of Engineering Engineering Design and Production
AALTO UNIVERSITY School of Engineering Engineering Design and Production Kaur Jaakma Engineering Data Management Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Technology Espoo, 29 December 2011 Supervisor: Professor (pro tem) Jari Juhanko Instructor: Andrea Buda, M.Sc. AALTO UNIVERSITY ABSTRACT OF THE MASTER’S THESIS SCHOOLS OF TECHNOLOGY PO Box 11000, FI-00076 AALTO http://www.aalto.fi Author: Kaur Jaakma Title: Engineering Data Management School: School of Engineering Department: Department of Engineering Design and Production Professorship: Machine Design Code: Kon-41 Supervisor: Professor (pro tem) Jari Juhanko Instructor: Andrea Buda, M. Sc. Abstract: To support design decisions in the product development process, companies are increasingly relying on computer aided simulations. However, investments in simulation technologies can not translate directly into benefit without implementing a system able to capture knowledge and value out of each simulation performed. To implement the switch from traditional product development to Simulation Based Design (SBD) and product development, a system that can efficiently manage simulation data is needed. Common situation in industry is to store everything related to simulations in the analyst’s computer or in a shared folder. Currently only CAE (Computer Aided Engineering) departments in aerospace and automotive OEMs are early adopters of SDM (Simulation Data Management) technology. Commercial SDM systems are developed to suits the needs of big enterprises with repetitive processes and product with broadly similar geometries. The cost for deployment and maintenance of this kind of system represents a barrier for small and mid-size companies. The larger companies might not benefit from a system developed and tuned for the needs of the early adopters mentioned above. -
Wind Field Simulation in a Wind Farm Using Openfoam and Actuator Line Model
ParCFD'2019 31st International Conference on Parallel Computational Fluid Dynamics May-14-17 2019, Antalya TURKEY WIND FIELD SIMULATION IN A WIND FARM USING OPENFOAM AND ACTUATOR LINE MODEL Huseyin Can Onel∗ & Dr. Ismail H. Tuncery ∗ Middle East Technical University (METU) Department of Aerospace Engineering 06800 Ankara, TURKEY e-mail: [email protected] yMiddle East Technical University (METU) Department of Aerospace Engineering 06800 Ankara, TURKEY e-mail: [email protected] - Web page: http://www.ae.metu.edu.tr/tuncer/ Key words: Aerospace applications, Wind turbine, HAWT, Actuator Line Model, Wake calculation Abstract. In this study, a horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT) is modeled using so called Actuator Line Model (ALM), where full resolution of boundary layer over turbine blades is not needed and hence computation is cheaper. Results are validated against other numerical and experimental studies as well as panel method (XFOIL) and Blade Element Momentum Theory (BEMT) results which are still widely employed in today's wind energy industry. Important simulation and operation parameters and their effects on accuracy are discussed. It is concluded that within a certain range of tip speed ratios, ALM gives acceptable results and is a promising model for full-scale wind farm simulations to estimate energy production. 1 INTRODUCTION Market share of renewable energy grows at ever highest rates and wind turbine and wind farm design processes becomes more sophisticated with the advancements in computation technologies. There are two main design problems in wind energy: • Design of an individual wind turbine at its ideal operation conditions, where classical methods like 2D airfoil theory, potential flow theory and Blade Element Momentum Theory (BEMT) are still widely used, • Design of a complete wind farm, in which statistical meteorological data is used for macro-siting and simple analytical or empirical methods are used for micro-siting. -
Design and Simulation of Small Wind Turbine Blades in Q-Blade
© 2017 IJEDR | Volume 5, Issue 4 | ISSN: 2321-9939 Design and Simulation of Small Wind Turbine Blades in Q-Blade 1Veeksha Rao Ponakala, 2Dr G Anil Kumar 1PG Student, 2Assistant Professor School of Renewable Energy and Environment, Institute of Science and Technology, JNTUK, Kakinada, India Abstract- Electrical energy demand has been continuously increasing. Power generation using wind turbines is becoming viable solution as there is demand for cleaner energy sources. Wind power generators are usually located away from human dwellings for higher power generation. In any other case, turbines placed at lower altitudes, are subjected to low wind speeds and non optimal wind flow conditions. Vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs) are more efficient than the horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWTs) for low wind speed applications because of their ability to capture wind flowing from any direction. Therefore, VAWT systems are more suitable for residential and urban applications as they are universally adaptable. Major limitation observed in VAWT is high drag and turbulent force produced by the blade. This paper presents the VAWT rotor blade design to overcome the limitations. By considering the parameters required for design of blade geometry, National Advisory Committee of Aeronautics (NACA) series 0016- 64 can be utilised for optimum aerodynamic performance. NACA 0018 airfoil is selected and analysed within the required range of Reynolds numbers and wind speeds in Q-Blade software. With the proper airfoil design optimal for low wind speed conditions, the turbine efficiency can be increased in addition to maximisation of the power produced. Index Terms- VAWT, Rotor Blades, Airfoil, Lift Force, Drag Force, Q-Blade. -
Development of a Coupling Approach for Multi-Physics Analyses of Fusion Reactors
Development of a coupling approach for multi-physics analyses of fusion reactors Zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Doktors der Ingenieurwissenschaften (Dr.-Ing.) bei der Fakultat¨ fur¨ Maschinenbau des Karlsruher Instituts fur¨ Technologie (KIT) genehmigte DISSERTATION von Yuefeng Qiu Datum der mundlichen¨ Prufung:¨ 12. 05. 2016 Referent: Prof. Dr. Stieglitz Korreferent: Prof. Dr. Moslang¨ This document is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution – Share Alike 3.0 DE License (CC BY-SA 3.0 DE): http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/de/ Abstract Fusion reactors are complex systems which are built of many complex components and sub-systems with irregular geometries. Their design involves many interdependent multi- physics problems which require coupled neutronic, thermal hydraulic (TH) and structural mechanical (SM) analyses. In this work, an integrated system has been developed to achieve coupled multi-physics analyses of complex fusion reactor systems. An advanced Monte Carlo (MC) modeling approach has been first developed for converting complex models to MC models with hybrid constructive solid and unstructured mesh geometries. A Tessellation-Tetrahedralization approach has been proposed for generating accurate and efficient unstructured meshes for describing MC models. For coupled multi-physics analyses, a high-fidelity coupling approach has been developed for the physical conservative data mapping from MC meshes to TH and SM meshes. Interfaces have been implemented for the MC codes MCNP5/6, TRIPOLI-4 and Geant4, the CFD codes CFX and Fluent, and the FE analysis platform ANSYS Workbench. Furthermore, these approaches have been implemented and integrated into the SALOME simulation platform. Therefore, a coupling system has been developed, which covers the entire analysis cycle of CAD design, neutronic, TH and SM analyses. -
Qblade Guidelines V0.6
QBlade Guidelines v0.6 David Marten Juliane Wendler January 18, 2013 Contact: david.marten(at)tu-berlin.de Contents 1 Introduction 5 1.1 Blade design and simulation in the wind turbine industry . 5 1.2 The software project . 7 2 Software implementation 9 2.1 Code limitations . 9 2.2 Code structure . 9 2.3 Plotting results / Graph controls . 11 3 TUTORIAL: How to create simulations in QBlade 13 4 XFOIL and XFLR/QFLR 29 5 The QBlade 360◦ extrapolation module 30 5.0.1 Basics . 30 5.0.2 Montgomery extrapolation . 31 5.0.3 Viterna-Corrigan post stall model . 32 6 The QBlade HAWT module 33 6.1 Basics . 33 6.1.1 The Blade Element Momentum Method . 33 6.1.2 Iteration procedure . 33 6.2 The blade design and optimization submodule . 34 6.2.1 Blade optimization . 36 6.2.2 Blade scaling . 37 6.2.3 Advanced design . 38 6.3 The rotor simulation submodule . 39 6.4 The multi parameter simulation submodule . 40 6.5 The turbine definition and simulation submodule . 41 6.6 Simulation settings . 43 6.6.1 Simulation Parameters . 43 6.6.2 Corrections . 47 6.7 Simulation results . 52 6.7.1 Data storage and visualization . 52 6.7.2 Variable listings . 53 3 Contents 7 The QBlade VAWT Module 56 7.1 Basics . 56 7.1.1 Method of operation . 56 7.1.2 The Double-Multiple Streamtube Model . 57 7.1.3 Velocities . 59 7.1.4 Iteration procedure . 59 7.1.5 Limitations . 60 7.2 The blade design and optimization submodule . -
Performance Analysis of a Small Capacity Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine Using Qblade
International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE) ISSN: 2277-3878, Volume-7, Issue-6S, March 2019 Performance Analysis of a Small Capacity Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine using QBlade Ali Said, Mazharul Islam, Mohiuddin A.K.M, Moumen Idres Abstract--- In recent times, wind energy has become one of the In this article, selected prospective airfoils have been leading renewable energy sources for generating electricity in identified and analyzed with the help of Qblade software. prospective regions around the globe. Nowadays, researchers are Results for a 3kW HAWT have also been validated with conducting different research activities to develop and optimize existing experimental results from Anderson et al [3]. The the existing designs of wind turbines through experimental and diversified computational techniques. Among the computational current research outcomes are expected to help the techniques, one of the popular choices is Computational Fluid prospective researchers to design optimized smaller-capacity Dynamics (CFD). However, CFD techniques are hardware HAWT for different prospective locations. intensive and computationally expensive. On the other hand, freely available simple tools like QBlade is computationally inexpensive and it can be used for performance and design analyses of horizontal and vertical axis wind turbines. In the present research, an attempt has been made to use QBlade for performance analyses of a smaller capacity horizontal axis wind turbine using selected prospective airfoils. In this study, four airfoils (namely, NACA 4412, SG6043, SD7062 and S833) have been selected and investigated in QBlade. It has been found that the overall power coefficients (CP) of NACA 4412 at different tip speed ratios are superior to the other three airfoils. -
NX Advanced Simulation
NX NX Advanced Simulation fact sheet Siemens PLM Software www.siemens.com/nx Summary NX™ Advanced Simulation software combines the power of an integrated NX Nastran® desktop solver with NX Advanced FEM, a comprehensive suite of multi-CAD FE model creation and results visualization tools. Extensive geometry creation, idealization and abstraction capabilities enable the rapid development of complex 3D mathematical models that allow design decisions to be based on insight into real product performance. NX Advanced Simulation enables a true multi-physics environment via tight integration with NX Nastran as well as other industry standard solvers such as Abaqus, Ansys, MSC Nastran and LS-Dyna. Benefits NX Advanced FEM includes the fundamental modeling functions of automatic and manual mesh Build models faster with embedded generation, application of loads and boundary conditions and model development and checking. NX tools for 3D geometry creation, Advanced FEM includes Assembly FEM technology, a distributed model approach to handle large editing and abstraction FEM assemblies. A robust set of visualization tools generates displays quickly, lets you view multiple Make design changes easily with results simultaneously and enables you to easily print the display. In addition, extensive post- Synchronous Technology for quick what-if analysis processing functions enable review and export of analysis results to spreadsheets and provide Enable faster collaboration between extensive graphing tools for gaining an understanding of results. Post-processing also supports analysts and design engineers with the export of JT™ data for collaboration across the enterprise with JT2Go and Teamcenter® for geometry associativity lifecycle visualization software. •Knowledge of design changes •“On-demand” FE model updates NX Advanced FEM provides seamless, transparent based on design geometry support for a number of industry-standard changes solvers, such as NX Nastran, MSC Nastran, Manage and share your CAE data Ansys and Abaqus. -
Numerical Simulations of a Large Offshore Wind Turbine Exposed to Turbulent Inflow Conditions
9th European Seminar OWEMES 2017 Numerical simulations of a large offshore wind turbine exposed to turbulent inflow conditions Galih Bangga, Giorgia Guma, Thorsten Lutz and Ewald Krämer Institute of Aerodynamics and Gas Dynamics (IAG),University of Stuttgart, Germany [email protected] Abstract – The present works are intended to investigate the aerodynamic responses of a large generic 10MW offshore wind turbine under turbulent inflow conditions. The non-linear Lifting Line Free Vortex Wake Simulations approach is employed for this purpose computed using the QBlade code. In these studies, the effects of a three-dimensional (3D) correction model for the airfoil polars were studied in advance. For this purpose, the Blade Element Momentum computations employing the corrected polars are performed and compared to Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations, and a good agreement is obtained between both employed approaches. Background turbulence is then imposed in the QLLT simulations with the turbulence intensities ranging from low to high turbulence levels (3% - 15%). Furthermore, the impact of wind shear from different locations (offshore and onshore) is investigated in the present works. 1. Introduction A fundamental issue in accurate estimation of the power output has been noted with the continuous increase of the offshore wind farm size which is partly contributed by difficulties in flow and wake modeling [1]. This is particularly caused by the complexity of the wake downstream of the turbine and their relationship with atmospheric variables such as the variability of wind speed, direction, turbulence and atmospheric stability that is not yet fully understood [2]. Further understanding of the relationships between these variables is required to improve the current state of the art wind farm and wake models. -
NX Advanced Simulation Integrating FE Modeling and Simulation Streamlines Product Development Process
Siemens PLM Software NX Advanced Simulation Integrating FE modeling and simulation streamlines product development process Benefits A modern CAE environment unique from all other finite element (FE) • Speed simulation processes NX™ Advanced Simulation software is a preprocessors is its superior geometry by up to 70 percent modern, multidiscipline computer-aided foundation that enables intuitive geometry engineering (CAE) environment for editing and analysis model associativity to • Perform accurate, reliable advanced analysts, workgroups and design- multi-computer-aided design (CAD) data. structural analysis with ers that need to deliver high-quality perfor- The tight integration of a powerful geome- integrated NX Nastran mance insights in a timely fashion to drive try engine with robust analysis modeling solver product decisions. NX Advanced Simulation commands is the key to reducing modeling • Increase product quality by integrates best-in-class analysis modeling time by up to 70 percent compared to rapidly simulating design with the power of an integrated NX traditional FE modeling tools. tradeoff studies Nastran® desktop solver for basic structural Enabling fast, intuitive geometry editing analysis. NX Advanced Simulation also • Lower overall product NX Advanced Simulation is built on the forms the foundation on which you can development costs by same leading geometry foundation that perform additional solutions for advanced reducing costly, late design powers NX. By using NX Advanced structural, thermal, flow, engineering opti- change -
Abaqus for CATIA V5
Abaqus for CATIA V5 R21 CATIA V5 Integration • Temperature-dependent material properties • Thermal properties Integration Features • Linear elasticity • Availability of linear and nonlinear static, dynamic, and thermal • Metal plasticity (isotropic, kinematic, or analysis capabilities within the CATIA V5 environment Johnson-Cook hardening) • Complete geometric associativity • Hyperelasticity • Support for Knowledgeware, publications, and results sensors • Abaqus material user subroutine • Model optimization using the PEO workbench • Abaqus heat generation user subroutine • Support for analysis assembly • Composite properties imported from the CATIA Composite • Complete support for CATIA V5 groups Design workbench • Support for many CATIA V5 advanced connections • Orthotropic composite layups for shell modeling • Visual Basic scripting capabilities for automated workflows • 3-D orthotropic material properties • Gasket material properties Operating Systems • Windows/x86-32 and Windows/x86-64 operating systems Loads (Windows XP Professional SP2, Windows XP Professional x64, • Load application using tabular and smooth-step amplitudes Windows Vista, Windows 7) • Forces and moments can follow nodal rotation • Data mapping available for pressure, heat flux, thermal Abaqus Workbenches film condition, and temperature • Nonlinear Structural Analysis workbench for static, • Imported loads from GPS analysis frequency-extraction, and explicit dynamic simulations • Cartesian, cylindrical, and spherical local coordinate • Thermal Analysis workbench for