February 18, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3683 SPELLMAN, Mr. SYMINGTON, Mr. the Committee on Banking, Currency and H.J. Res. 813. Joint resolution authorizing HOWE. and Mr. BAUCUS) : Housing. and requesting the President to issue a proc­ H.R. 11960. A bill to amend the Federal By Mr. STEELMAN: lamation designating the 7 calendar days Election Oampaign Act of 1971 to provide H.R. 11965. A blll to amend the Federal commencing on April 30 of each year as Na­ that members of the Federal Election Com­ Election Campaign Act of 1974 to establish tional Beta Sigma Phi Week; to the Com­ mission shall be appointed by the President an independent establishment of the execu­ mittee on Post Office and Civil Service. of the United States; to the Commtttee on tive branch of the Government of the United By Mr. BADILLO: House Administmtion. States, a commission to be known as the Fed­ By Mr. KASTENMEIER (for himself, eral Election Commission, and for other pur­ H. Res. 1037. Resolution expressing the Mr. STEELMAN, and Mr. GREEN): poses; to the Committee on House Admin­ sense of the House disapproving the guide­ H.R. 11961. A bill to require candidates for istration. lines proposed by the Attorney General for Federal office, Members of the Congress, and By Mr. WOLFF (for himself, Ms. ABZUG, Domestic Security Investigations by the officers and employees of the United States Mr. ADDABBO, Mr. BADILLO, Ms. BURKE Federal Bureau of Investigation; to the to file statements with the Comptroller Gen­ of California, Mr. DU Po NT, Mr. Committee on the Judiciary. eral with respect .to their income and finan­ EDWARDS of California, Mr. GILMAN, By Mr. THOMPSON: cial transactions; jointly to the Committees Mr. HICKS, Ms. HOLTZMAN, Mr. KOCH, H. Res. 1038. Resolution to provide for the on Judiciary, and Standards of Official Con­ Mr. LENT, Mr. MAGUmE, Mr. OTTINGER, expenses of investigations, and studies to be duct. Mr. ROYBAL; Mr. SCHEUER, Mr. STARK, conducted by the Committee on Science and By Mrs. MEYNER (for herself and Mr. Mr. SYMINGTON, and Mr. ZEFERETTI): Technology; to the Committee on House JONES of North Carolina): H.R. 11966. A bill to amend titles 18 and Administration. H.R. 11962. A bill to amend the Internal 26 of the United States Code and the Omni­ H. Res. 1039. Resolution to provide funds Revenue Code of 1954 to exempt farmers bus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of for the further expenses of the investigations from the highway use tax on heavy trucks 1968 for the purpose of regulating the sale and studies of the Committee on Small Busi­ used for farm purposes; to the Committee and taxation of certain electric weapons; ness; to the Committee on House Adminis­ on Ways and Means. jointly, to the Committees on the Judiciary, tration. By Mr. MORGAN (for himself, Mr. and Ways and Means. FASCELL, Mr. NIX, Mr. FRASER, Mr. By Mr. O'HARA (for himself and Mr. ROSENTHAL, Mr. HAMILTON, Mr. FORD of Michigan) : BINGHAM, Mr. RYAN, Mr. RIEGLE, H.R. 11967. A bill to extend and revise the MEMORIALS Mrs. COLLINS of Illinois, Mr. SOLARZ, commodity , supplemental food program; Mr. BONKER, Mr. WHALEN, and Mr. jointly, to the Committees on Education and Under clause 4 of rule XXII, WINN): Labor, and Agriculture. 298. The SPEAKER presented a · memorial H.R. 11963 A blll to amend the Foreign By Mr. MAHON: oT the Legislature of the State of South Assistance Act of 1961 and the Foreign Mili­ H.J. Res. 811. Joint resolution making sup­ Dakota, relative to the Sioux Indian Cultural tary Sales Act to authorize international se­ plemental appropriations for the legislative Center; 1io the Committee on Interior and curity assistance for fiscal year 1976, to pro­ branch for the fiscal year ending June 30, Insular Affairs. vide for the termination of grant military 1976, and for other purposes; to the Com­ assistance programs at the end of fiscal year mittee on Appropriations. 1977, and for other purposes; to the Commit­ By Mr. RANGEL: tee on International Relations. H.J. Res. 812. Joint resolution designating PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS February 22d through February 29, 1976, as By Mr. STARK: Saviour's Day Week; to the Committee on Under clause 1 of rule XXII, H.R. 11964. A bill to amend the Consumer Post Offioe and Civil Service. Mr. PHILLIP BURTON introduced a blll Credit Protection Act to prohibit certain By Mr. WINN (for himself, Mr. SARASIN, (H.R. 11968) for the relief of Benjamin R. practices in the case of second mortgages Mr. FISHER, Mr. CLANCY' Mr. SIKES, Esteva (~.k.a. Ben Esteva), which was which secure residential real property; to Mr. SYMMS, and Mr. GUYER): referred to the Committee on the Judiciary.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS FROM THE GRASSROOTS message--"Only business and indus- _ active political campaigners and supporters try can create or provide jobs." I of the Governor. hope that all my colleagues will take In one city, two hundred "public service job" employees were actually "put to work" HON. GUY VANDER JAGT time to read this editorial. It follows: delivering campaign material door-to-door OF MICHIGAN [From the Zeeland Record, Feb. 12, 1976] for a candidate for the office of Mayor. In IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES THE JOBS PROGRAM CON GAME another state, such poor records were kept Wednesday, February 18, 1976 Seldom a day goes by without one or more that auditors say there ls no way to know sanctimonious Representatives in Washing­ where the money went. Mr. VANDERJAGT. Mr. Speaker, we ton expounding on the subject of "jobs for And how much money was spent? Well, have an extremely important vote now the unemployed." It is, they maintain, a for the current fiscal year it was $2.7 billion scheduled for tomorrow-whether to sus­ prime responsibility of government to "pro­ dollars. tain or override the President's veto of vide jobs." One would think that such wide-spread The hoax that government can "create" or abuses would tend to discourage Congress H.R. 5247, the Local Public Capital De­ "provide" jobs needs exposure. Only business from continuing the so-called "jobs" pro­ velopment and Investment Act of 1975. and industry can create or provide jobs. If gram. In recent days we all have heard and the good Congressmen really want to reduce Not so. read a great deal on this legislation­ unemployment, then let them invest their So anxious are the "liberal" Representa­ its merits and its shortcomings. Per­ money in a farm, a factory, or a retail store, tives to boast about what they have done sonally, I find H.R. 11860, the Supple­ let them buy the equipment, machinery and (with your money) to "create" jobs, that mental Community Development Em­ necessary supplies; and then let them hire · they are now planning to increase the spend­ ployment Assistance Act of 1976, as spon­ workers to operate the farm, factory, or store, ing for "public service jobs" to seven billion offering products and services that people dollars. sored by my Michigan colleague, Repre­ want and need. Real jobs are created by put­ To complete the hoax, those Congressmen sentative GARRY BROWN, an excellent al­ ting people to work providing useful goods pushing for the increase in "public service ternative. I have decided to cosponsor and services. jobs" spending are the very same Congress­ that measure. Instead of providing a genuine jobs pro­ men who have voted for huge cuts in our But, at this time, perhaps we all should gram, however, our brilliant Congress came national defense budget, which wm bring consider the rea'Ction and mood of "Main up with a "Public Service Job program." The about a reduction of 71,000 civilian defense Street America as, we ponder and weigh idea was that by putting people on the public jobs between now and Sept. 30, 1977. Thus, this legislation. Just yesterday, I had the payroll-Le., paid by the taxpayers-"unem­ 71,000 people now gainfully employed in the ployment" could be reduced. very important business of our national de~ opportunity to read an editoriai which But what kind of jobs were provided? In fense, will be laid off. appeared in one of my district's weekly one state, eight new positions were set up in Fortunately for the future and the security newspapers, the Zeeland Record, of Zee­ the Highway Department. The exact function of the United States (as well as the protec­ land, Mich. I admit that I totally concur of the "workers" was not clear; but it was tion of our pocketbooks) there ls an election with the main thrust of the editorial noticed that every one of them had been coming up this fall. 3684 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 1.8, 1976 SALUTE TO THE STATES RAY SCHOESSLING NAMED GEN­ Recently he was named as one of the 10 ERAL SECRETARY-TREASURER OF most influential men in Chicago civic, com­ munity and political affairs by a Chicago TEAMSTERS daily newspaper. HON. DONALD J. MITCHELL He has served as Chairman of Chica.go's OF NEW YORK HON. FRANK ANNUNZIO McCormick Place (Chica.go's Convention Complex) and still serves on its Board of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF ILLINOIS Directors. He has served on the Chicago Po­ Wednesday, February 18, 1976 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES lice Board, and is one of the most active citi­ Wednesday, February 18, 1976 zens in Chicago community affairs. Mr. MITCHELL of New York. Mr. Schoessling has been a Vice President and Speaker, as we in America begin our Mr. ANNUNZIO. Mr. Speaker, I would member of the Teamster's Genera.I Executive celebration of our Nation's Bicentennial, like to call the attention of my col­ Board since 1967. I think it important tha.t we remember leagues to an article that appeared in Peick is President of Chicago Joint Coun­ our fellow Americans living abroad who the International Teamster magazine of cil 25, Secretary-Treasurer of Teamster cannot be hexe to share with us this Local 705, the Teamster's local cartage union February 1976 regarding Ray Schoessling in Chicago. He has served as an International historic occasion. of Chicago who was named by Teamster Union trustee since 1971. Also active in com­ Far a way in a small town in Germany, General President Frank E. Fitzsimmons munity affairs, Peick is a member of the our American soldiers and their families to replace Murray W. Miller, who re­ Chicago Police Board. stationed at Ramstein Air Force Base are cently resigned as secretary-treasurer of Roy Williams has served as an Interna­ making a special effort to bring the Bi­ the International Brotherhood of Team­ tional Union vice president since 1971, and centennial to their homes across the sters. previous to that as an International Union Ray Schoessling began his career in trustee. ocean, with a "Salute to the States." Currently, Williams serves as Director of I am proud of their willingness and my own city of Chicago and has served the International Union's National Freight desire to share in the celebration of our in the labor movement for more than Division, President of the Missouri-Kansas 200th birthday though they are thou­ 40 years. He is a distinguished labor Conference of Teamsters, President of Team­ sands of miles away. Their contribution leader and a great humanitarian. As an ster Joint Council 56. He 1s President of can only enhance and make our observ­ outstanding civic leader in Chicago, he Teamster Local 41 in Kansas City. He is ance a more lasting success. has been involved in many of our com­ Chairman of the Central States Drivers' Council and 1s a member of the Teamsters Just as impcrtant though, their special munity's civic projects, and more re­ cently, has been active on the board of National Negotiating Committee for the efforts will also provide each and every­ Union's national agreement with the nation's one the opportunity to get to know each St. Mary of Nazareth Hospital in Chi­ trucking industry. other better-to enable the citizens of cago. All appointments to the Genera.I Executive Ramstein to find out firsthand what I know that I speak for thousands of Board are made to fill unexpired terms until America is and what Americans are like. Chicagoans who wish Ray well, and many the International Union's convention in Hopefully, in some small way the base's more years of good health in his con­ June, 1976, and were made upon the recom­ tinued service to the working men and mendation of Teamster General President celebration will provide everyone the op­ women of America. Fitzsimmons, with the approval of the Gen­ portunity of abandoning their views and eral Executive Board. All appointments were drawing together to unite in one common The article follows: unanimously approved. effort to honor our country and to im­ RAY SCHOESSLING APPOINTED IBT GENERAL prove our relations with our foreign SECRETARY-TREASURER Ray Schoessling, Teamster Vice President allies. We should always remember that from Chicago, is the new General Secretary­ it was the French and Swedes and Ger­ Treasurer of the International Brotherhood LITHUANIAN INDEPENDENCE mans and English and Irish and Poles of Teamsters. and Italians and Scots who joined the Schoessling was named by Teamster Gen­ American battle. eral President Frank E. Fitzsimmons to re­ HON. EDWARD J. PATTEN It is particularly fitting that our troops place Murray W. Miller who announced his OF NEW JERSEY resignation and retirement from that posi­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES stationed at Ramstein selected the week tion at a session of the Union's general exec­ of March 20-26 to salute New York utive board January 27, 1976, in Palm Wednesday, February 18, 1976 State-one of the Original Thirteen Springs, California. Mr. PATTEN. Mr. Speaker, since the Colonies-and a State which is a melt­ Schoessling's appointment received the ing pot of all nationalities. Middle Ages, Lithuania has been a coun­ unanimous approval of the Teamster gen­ try of human freedoms. Even in those At the base of the Statue of Liberty, eral executive board members. days when European civilization was in New York Harbor, a famous inscrip­ Miller's retirement and Schoessling's ap­ pointment to the office of General Secretary­ characterized by domination and class tion reads: Treasurer created other vacancies on the distinction, Lithuania encouraged educa­ Give me your tired, your poor, your general executive board and in the Central tion and toleration for all her subjects. huddled masses yearning to breathe free, the Conference of Te'amsters. Especially in this year of our Bicenten­ wretched refuse of your teeming shore. Send Schoessling's vice presidency will be filled nial remembrances, Lithuanian Ameri­ these, the homeless, tempest-tost to me. I by another Chicago Teamster, Louis Peick, lift my lamp beside the golden door. who served as an International Union trustee cans remember a dual fight for freedom until his appointment as vice president. and can be proud of their double heritage New York State, so often considered to In addition to serving as an International of throwing off despotism and tyranny. be the nerve center of the Nation, has Union vice president, Schoessling was direc­ America has not recognized Lithuania's indeed been the "golden door" for the tor of the Centr'al Conference of Teamsters. incorporation into the U.S.S.R. And we millions who have flocked here in search Na.med new director of the Central Con­ will not. It is with pride and pleasure of freedom. ference of Teamsters 1s Roy Williams, Inter­ that we, today, on the 58th anniversary national Union vice president from Kansas of Lithuanian independence, recognize In celebrating our 200th birthday we City, Missouri. should remember that we are commemo­ Filling Peick's International Union trustee the courage, determination, and suffer­ rating our anniversary not only for your position 1s Jesse L. Carr, head of Teamster ing which portrays her fight to resist re­ historical and political significance, but Local 959 in Anchorage, Alaska. pression and remain faithful to her lan­ also because this country stands as an Schoessling, a veteran of 40 years in the guage, religion, and tradition. But even labor movement, served for years as principal now, oppression continues to .plague this example of the successful assimilation of officer of Teamster's Brewery Workers Local steadfast nation. We in America must many lands, institutions, customs, and 744, in Chicago. He served as Chairman of join hands with Lithuania and reaffirm peoples. This has given invaluable the Teamsters National Brewery and Soft her rig}J.t to independence--that right strength to our national life. The secret Drink Division, and was instrumental in the recent merger of AFL-CIO Brewery Workers which we cherish and celebrate so joy­ of America has and will continue to be Loca.1 Unions into the Teamsters. Addition­ fully this year. We must assure the peo­ that in diversity, there can be under­ ally, for 20 years he served as President of ple of Lithuania of our support. standing, unity, tolerance, and strength. Teamster's Chicago Joint Council 25. Lithuanians are a strong people. But February 18, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3685 we must add our strength to theirs so FREEDOM SCORES A Is the Soviet Union, given a clean bill of that someday soon they will be able to BREAKTHROUGH health by the World Council, any less op­ truly live their long sought after liberty. pressive than it was in 1920? Oh, it is not as crude or as cruel as it used to be; you don't get executed, just locked up HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI in an insane asylum-on the genial premise OF ILLINOIS that anyone who dares to criticize the So­ 1976 MASTER ILLINOIS FARMER IN TH;E HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES viet government is mad. Wednesday, February 18, 1976 Still, there seems to be general delight in Western liberal circles at the prospect that Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, a very Communists will come to political power in HON. PAUL FINDLEY frank and penetrating commentary on Italy and perhaps Spain and even Portugal. foreign affairs and the views of Western Anything, the liberals seem to suggest, OF ILLINOIS would be preferable to the present corrup­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES World liberals was the basis for an arti­ cle by Andrew Greeley which appeared tion, inefficiency, and incompetence of the Wednesday, February 18, 1976 coalition that rules [or misrules] Italy now. on February 5, 1976, in the Chicago There are millions of people in Poland, Mr. FINDLEY. Mr. Speaker, it is my Tribune. Lithuania, Hungary, Czechoslovakia who pleasure to salute Mr. John Beckett of Since the liberals so accurately de­ would cheerfully opt, I think, for inefficiency, Macoupin County, Ill., for being a recip­ scribed by Father Greeley are found in corruption, and incompetence. They wouldn't ient of the 1976 Master Farmer Award substantial numbers in our Congress, I mind at all a CIA financing their campaign think this article should have their spe­ activities--at least there would be campaigns by the Prairie Farmer magazine. The to finance. selection is based on competence as a cial attention. The article follows: The romance between America's liberal­ knowledgeable effective farmer and com­ FREEDOM SCORES A BREAKTHROUGH left intellectuals and Marxist dictatorships munity service. (.By Andrew Greeley) never ceases to astonish me. The Becketts are a fine example of the The astonishing thing about Portugal is Most such liberal-left intellectuals are dis­ American family farmer. He is a scien­ not that its emergence as a free and demo­ senters; they take it as their God-given right tist, business manager, civic leader. cratic society has been so turbulent but that to criticize whoever or whatever is in power. The text of an article about him in the this political democracy has been able to And that's fair enough; to dissent freely is emerge at all after fifty years of oppression. a God-given right [or should be] . But do February 7 issue of Prairie Farmer fol­ All the American experts, who have pon­ they know what they do to dissenters in lows: tificated about things Iberian for decades, Cuba, India, Cambodia, or the Soviet Union? 1976 MASTER FARMER AWARDS ARE GIVEN predicted the end of the old-fashioned re­ When they don't throw them into prisons John Beckett, 59, has served on the front gime would produce some sort of "people's or insane asylums, they stand them up line of the pork industry in Illinois, Iowa, democracy" of the left; one kind of tyranny against a wall and shoot them. and Macoupin county. The Gillespie, Ill., would be replaced by another. pork producer has been a strong advocate Amazingly enough, the people of Portu­ of swine health regulations, commercial hog gal, by free elected choice, confounded all performance, and improvement of the the experts and produced a constitutional THE PETER MUHLENBERG industry. assembly which in its political makeup is MEMORIAL Beckett started farming in Iowa in 1952 not much different from any other govern­ with his father-in-law. During the next 9 ment of Western Europe. years he established a purebred Duroc herd And there is a moderately good chance and sold production-tested boars with back­ that given some time and freedom from HON. RICHARD S. SCHWEIKER fat measurements. He also bred and raised harassment by outsiders the Spaniards will OF PENNSYLVANIA some of the first officially approved meat­ do the same thing. IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES Brazil is moving cautiously toward a re­ type Duroc boars in Iowa. . Wednesday, February 18, 1976 In 1961 he switched to a commercial pork turn of political democracy, and no one operation on a farm rented from Lindell really thinks that the hideous and ugly Mr. SCHWEIKER. Mr. President, I Loveless. Since then he has gradually ex­ Chilean m111tairy dictatorship [which prob­ ably has far fewer political prisoners than am pleased to note that erection of a panded his farrow-to-finish operation to memorial to one of this body's early more than 5000 head annually. the Soviet Union or Cuba] wm survive too long. members, Peter Muhlenberg, is on its A year ago he dropped the acreage he was One can perhaps generalize: Right-wing way to becoming a reality in our Bicen­ leasing and devoted himself full time to his authoritarian dictatorships can evolve over tennial Year . hog enterprise. Beckett and Loveless still the long haul, one way or another, into maintain their partnership on a modified 50- A memorial to the memory of the something that looks reasonably like the po­ Senator from Pennyslvania was author­ 50 livestock-share lease program. litical democracy on the Western European Beckett's high standards for his hogs show model. ized by Congress in 1928. I am happy to up in his Farm Business Farm Management Such an evolution may not occur, and if report that plans for a memorial in the (FBFM) records. His pigs-weaned-per-litter it does, it is often far too slow. public park on Connecticut Avenue be­ average is about 8 pigs. That compares to an Despite the horrendous example of Argen­ tween 36th and Ellicott Streets NW., in average of 7 .2. tina, there also seems to be some evidence the District of Columbia, are now com­ Feed consumption is approximately 382 that people in such countries will opt for plete. With no expense to the U.S. Gov­ lb. of feed per 100 lb. of pork sold. Returns moderation and stability when given the free ernment, activity has begun to assure above feed per litter are about 30 % over the choice. average of FBFM records. Fair enough. Now comes the big question: that construction of the memorial will Beckett has served as president of the When has a Marxist dictatorship ever become begin in 1976-200 years after Muhlen­ Macoupin county pork producers and vice anything but the ugly totalitarian police berg preached his famous "Time to pray, chairman of the county hog cholera eradica­ state that has been the Marxist model all time to fight" sermon. This project is ap­ tion committee. over the world? proved by the National Park Service, Beckett is one of 2 commercial pork pro­ One thinks of Hungary in 1956 or Czecho­ the Fine Arts Commission and is an ducers represented on the International Pork slovakia in 1968. Tentative, hesitant move­ official Bicentennial project. Producers Council and on the newly formed ments toward the legitimation of freedom to is National Swine Improvement Federation. dissent and the right to political opposition Peter Muhlenberg remembered as a As a member of the Carlinville Methodist were crushed before the week of their incep­ statesman, clergyman, and soldier. When Church, Beckett has served as church school tion was over. the Revolutionary War began, Muhlen­ superintendent, Sunday school teacher, and A generalization can be safely made on the berg was a pastor, serving a congrega­ chairman of the administrative board. He basis of the empirical data: Right-wing dic­ tion at Woodstock, Va. In 1776, Muhlen­ has also been a member of the church build­ tatorships sometimes can be replaced by berg decided he must join his country­ ing committee and hi:i.s sung in the church open societies; Marxist dictatorships have men in the fight for independence, and choir. never been so replaced. told his parishioners: "In the language He and his wife Frances have 3 children. Yet Western liberals [such as those who is They are Carolyn, 34, a music teacher at the control the World Council of Churches] are of Holy Writ there a time for all Edwardsville Junior High School; Janet (Mrs. gentle and patient with the Marxist dictator­ things .... there is a time to pray and a Jon Witt), 32, wife of a Melbourne, Iowa, ships, which will never change, and scream time to fight ... and that time has now veterinarian; and Judith (Mrs. Dale Barg­ blue, bloody murder at the right-wing come." Men from his congregations mann), 30, of Peoria. di ~ta torships. joined Muhlenberg, who became known CXXII--234-Part 3 3686 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 1.8, 1976 as "The Fighting Parson of the Ameri­ world market price set by the C>Tganization control. Also many senators and reoresentA.­ can Revolution." of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC). tives feared that, unless they opposed de­ Muhlenberg fought in many major The decontrol L~ue was finally compromised, control, their constituents would hold them with Congress agreeing to a phasing out of partly accountable for any increase in gaso­ battles in the Revolutionary War. He controls over a period of 4-0 months. line or heating oil prices. originally commanded the Eighth Vir­ Some energy analysts within the govern­ The upshot of the prolonged congression­ ginia Regiment, known as the "German ment are now saying privately that, if energy al debate was the compromise providing for Regiment" of the Continental Army. In independence ls to be achieved over the the 40-month phaseout of controls. The 1777, Muhlenberg was promoted to Brig­ next 10 years, a high tax on all non­ existing two-tier pricing system will con­ adier General, and wintered with his renewable forms of energy will have to be tinue for the time being, with "old oil" to troops at Valley Forge. In 1780, Muhlen­ imposed. This would be a "Btu tax," ap­ be sold at substanUally lower prices than berg assumed command of all the Vir­ plied at the point of extraction (wellhead those allowed for oil from new fields. It was or mine mouth) on oil, natural gas, coal, this compromise that made possible the En­ ginia forces, fighting at Portsmouth and and uranium. Those who believe that such ergy Polley and Conservation Act of 1975, Yorktown. He retired from the military a tax wlll ultimately have to be adopted re­ which President Ford signed on 22 December, in 1783 with the rank of Major General. gard it as much preferable to a tax on oll despite the pleas from major oil companies The end of Muhlenberg's military ca­ alone. A tax on oil would tend to shift de­ that he veto it. reer did not end his service to the new mand to other nonrenewable fuels and to Although decontrol will be accom­ nation. He was elected Vice President of intensify such problems and conflicts as plished only gradually, in its other provi­ Pennsylvania and later served in the first those related to strip mining, air pollution, sions the a.ct either meets or exceeds most uranium shortages, and the siting of nuclear of the President's other proposals with re­ national House of Representatives. In fac1llties. 1801, Muhlenberg was elected to the U.S. spect to energy conservation and certain To bring about the big reduction in de­ programs needed as a hedge against future Senate, becoming the first resident of my mand necessary to compensate for any embargoes or other emergencies. The act home county of Montgomery County to major shortfalls in development of domestic provides for: serve in the U.S. Senate. energy sources, the Btu tax might have A strategic oil reserve of 150 mlllion bar­ to be very stiff indeed-high enough per­ rels to be established within 3 years and ex­ haips to double the iprlce of gasoline and panded to a capacity of 400 million barrels home heating oil. Such a tax could be within 7 years. ENERGY POLICY: INDEPENDENCE coupled with a program of annual rebates Standby authority for the President to intended to redistribute the money collected impose controls on fuel prices and alloca­ BY 1985 MAY BE UNREACHABLE and thus alleviate the economic and social WITHOUT BTU TAX tions in the event of a national emergency. hardships caused by the painfully high en­ Extension of the Energy Supply and En­ ergy prices. vironmental Coordination Act (ESECA) al­ No government official is openly advocating lowing the FEA to order utilities, under cer­ HON. TIMOTHY E. WIRTH a Btu tax. At the moment, the idea of tain conditions, to convert power plants OF COLORADO forcing reductions in energy demand by dra­ from oil or natural gas to coal. matic price hikes ls highly controversial, and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES it seems that most politicians are quick to Automobile fuel economy standards stip­ ulating that the passenger cars of every man­ Wednesday, February 18, 1976 denounce it. In 1974, John C. Sawhill was fired as head of the Federal Energy Admin­ ufacturer shall get at least 18 miles per gal­ Mr. WffiTH. Mr. Speaker, from time to istration (FEA) after he said publicly that lon by the 1978 model year, with mileage time I have brought various articles and one of the energy policy options under con­ then to be improved in stages to 27 .5 by ideas concerning the energy problem to sideration by the Administration was a 20- 1985. to 30-cents-per-gallon tax on gasoline. And, Fuel economy or energy-efficiency labeling the attention of my colleagues in the for automobiles and a wide variety of home Congress. The following piece from last year, the House of Representatives over­ whelmingly rejected a "standby" gasoline tax appliances, pl us "energy efficiency improve­ Science magazine, written by Luther of 20 cents a gallon. ment targets" to be prescribed for the ap­ Carter, is worthy of inclusion, adding yet Lifting oil price controls has been contro­ pliances (if necessary, mandatory standards another good idea. I hope that my col­ versial enough, not to mention imposing shall ultimately be established). leagues will read this and consider this special new energy taxes. A good many mem­ Voluntary energy efficiency improvement approach: bers of Congress, particularly among the targets wm be fixed for each of the ten most energy-consuming industries and the FEA ENERGY POLICY: INDEPENDENCE BY 1985 MAY Democrats, have regarded such controls as a BE UNREACHABLE WITHOUT BTU TAX way to keep the OPEC ca.rte! from dictating will monitor the industries' performance. The act also mandates conservation stand­ (By Luther J. Carter) what the American consumer pays for petro­ leum products and as a necessary restraint ards for the management of all federal agen­ Some progress was made in 1975 by the on oil company profits. But to many Repub­ cies and requires several key regulatory Ford Admirnstration and Congress in their lican members, and quite a few Democrats agencies, such as the Civil Aeronautics Board groping, contllct-ridden quest for a com­ as well, pric~ controls-particularly now that and the Interstate Commerce Commission, prehensive national energy policy, and a bit there is no embargo or other emergency-a.re to report to Congress on how their policies more headway ts expected this year as Con­ an affront to the free enterprise philosophy. bear on the efficient use of energy. In addi­ gress resumes consideration of the energy Beyond this, controls have been attacked tion, the states wm be encouraged through bllls that were left pending in December. But on the grounds that they have taken on an a. new program of grants-in-aid to establlsb in light of the continulng decline in domes­ increasingly patchwork and arbitrary cha.ra.c­ programs of energy conservation .. tic on production and the dimculties cur­ ter. Also, it has been frequently charged that This year the President is asking Congress rently facing development of nuclear power they discourage production of new oil by to complete action on several other measures and of coal and outer continental shelf on holding down the price of petroleum prod­ which bear in whole or in part on energy resources, there ts now ho assurance-per­ ucts, and, of course, that they encourage conservation. These include bills to lift price haps not even a likely prospect--that the consumption and hence oll imports. controls from newly developed supplies of Administration's goal of "energy independ­ To support the argument that higher prices natural gas, fix mandatory energy conserva­ ence" by 1985 will be attained. produce a major conservation effect, it ts tion standards for all new commercial and For 011 imports to be reduced to a level often pointed out that, with the sharp in­ residential buildings, and provide tax credits low enough to eliminate the possiblllty of crease in the world market price of oil and for home insulation (and 100 percent subsi­ an effective Arab 011 embargo, overall en­ petroleum products brought about by OPEC dies for insulation in the case of poor fami­ ergy demand probably wlll have to be re­ in late 1973 and early 1974, the United States lies). Congress may go along with all of these duced well below the levels now projected ts now consuming about 3 million barrels proposals, although some significant com­ for the mld-1980's. This may require much of oil a day less than what was projected promises no doubt will be required (for in­ higher energy prices. Yet in last year's de­ several years a.go. The economic recession has stance, Congress may insist that the con­ bate over national energy policy, the con­ accounted for maybe half of this, but not servation standards for new buildings be vol­ troversial question of what role the price of more. untary instead o! mandatory). energy should be made to play 1n adjusting President Ford set forth his proposal for But even if all of the energy conservation demand · t;o domestic energy supplies was immediate decontrol of oil prices, together measures the Administration has proposed never squarely addressed. with the rest of his energy program, in his (including the decontrol of oil and natural Indeed, although one of the numerous State o! the Union message o! January 1975. gas prices) were to be approved and :fully energy measures proposed by the Adminis­ What followed was a year-long battle in Con­ implemented by 1985, FEA omcials do not tration called for immediate decontrol of gress over the decontrol issue. The wide­ think that these measures could make up oll prices, Congress would not go along. spread suspicion that the oil companies for a big shortfall in development of any of And even had immediate decontrol been would in one way 'or· another evade any ex­ the major domestic sources of energy supply. approved, it would have produced only a cess profits taxes that might be enacted and Most energy statistics should be taken with modest conservation effect as the price of fatten themselves obscenely at the public's a grain of salt, but the following analysis by all domestically produced on rose to the expense made for strong opposition to de- a ranking energy omctal who believes that a February 18, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3687 Btu tax will ultimately prove necessary seems a Btu tax wlll be necessary if this Admin­ ernment to become the sole agent for indicative of the situation that ls emerging. istration goal is to be seriously pursued. The economic planning, energy source devel­ As he sees it, the conservation effect of the alternative, of course, ls for oil imports to opment, or grain exportation. I am par­ higher energy prices that have followed the continue at a high and probably increasing Arab embargo of 1973-74 is itself enough to level and for Americans simply to learn to live ticularly impressed with the 86 percent keep total energy consumption in the United with the possible threat of embargoes-just who favor a permanent tax reduction if States from being any higher than the equiv­ as the British, French, Germans, Japanese, it is coupled with a fiscal year 1977 alent of about 50 million barrels of oil a and the people of nearly all other indus­ spending ceiling of $395 billion. Finally, day (mbd), which would be some 15 mbd trialized countries are living with it. I note a bare majority·of businessmen in greater than total consumption in 1973. The If this choice between accepting a Btu my district support giving the Small added effect of the various conservation tax and abandoning the energy independence Business Administration executive status measures which Congress has either already goal is ever to be confronted, unusually bold and placing the administrator in the passed or ts considering would reduce de­ political leadership will be required. The more mand by maybe another 5 or 6 mbd, thus comfortable course for Congress and the Cabinet. limiting total consumption to a.bout . 44 or White House is simply to allow events to take In this time of economic recovery, we 45 mbd. their course. should be sure to consider fully the views On the supply side, according to this offi­ Certainly, the energy bureaucracy ls not of small independent businessmen when. cial, domestic production of energy in 1985 likely to speak up on the issue. The official dealing with long-range proposals that can be put at not less than the 29 mbd pro­ who referred to a Btu tax as inevitable in might adversely affect their ability to re­ duced today even if one proceeds from rather an interview with this reporter did not want main in business and provide employ­ pessimistic assumptions, and it probably wlll his name mentioned in connection with it. ment for millions of Americans. be at least 35 mbd. But if it is no greater "I was around when John Sawhill was fired," than the latter figure, this would mean a he remarked. gap of a.bout 10 mbd between demand and domestic supply. Under these circumstances, a. prolonged embargo could have a. crippling ENEMIES OF DAY CARE effect on the American economy because im­ INDEPENDENT BUSINESSMEN IN ports would be much greater than what could THE FOURTH DISTRICT OF MIS­ be replaced out of a. strategic reserve of the SISSIPPI EXPRESS THEffi VIEWS HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL size planned. OF NEW YORK If energy independence goals were met, the difference between demand and domestic pro­ HON. THAD COCHRAN IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES duction would be down to 2 or 3 mbd, a Wednesday, February 18, 1976 level where an embargo would pose little OF MISSISSIPPI threat. But while the Administration ls still IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, the op­ trying to put an optimistic face on things, Wednesday, February 18, 1976 ponents of a comprehensive system of there ls reason for pessimism. Federal support for child care services Since domestic oil production peaked in Mr. COCHRAN. Mr. Speaker, a few are engaged in a systematic attempt to 1970, daily production has been decreasing days ago . I received the results of the distort the purposes and achievements each year by about 400,000 barrels. The pro­ December 1975 poll of the membership of day care. duction from the Alaskan North Slope that ls of the National Federation of Independ­ Day care is a public service whicl~ re­ to begin in· 1978, plus whatever additional oil comes through improved recovery methods ent Business in my district. I believe the lates directly to private employment and in old oil fields, may only arrest the overall results of the poll deserve the attention payment of State and Federal taxes. decline, if indeed it accomplishes even that. of my colleagues in the House, and, Referring to the day-care program in The nuclear industry is in such trouble therefore, I commend the following ques­ New York City, the Ad Hoc Coalition to that many people are saying, With some tions and responses to their attention: Save Our Children pointed out, "Of the truth, that a de facto moratorium on further [Answers in percent] families served, 70 percent are working nuclear development already exists. During Are you for or against permanent tax re­ mothers who are the sole support of 1975, the number o~ orders for nuclear re­ their families. Without the day-care actors canceled and deferred was several ductions if Congress passes a $395 billion FY 1977 spending limit? service, they would have to apply for times greater than the number of new orders welfare." placed. And in referenda. now pending, the For ------86 citizens of California and other states may Against ------11 Under the direction of trained profes­ decide that development of nuclear power is No opinion______3 sionals, day care can provide health, ed­ to be formally stopped or curtailed. Are you for or against making a federal ucational, and nutritional services for The mining and burning of coal also is agency the seller, marketing agent or price­ participating children. In addition, slow to increase. In 1975, production of coal setter for all U.S. export grain? parents are given the opportunity to for domestic consumption was up by only work closely with the centers in sup­ about 1 percent over the previous year. ·Al­ For ------21 Against ------69 port of their programs. though production should rise substantially No opinion______10 during the next few yea.rs, many people in The Federal Government has a moral the coal industry seriously doubt that the Are you for or against establishing a long­ obligation to aid child care programs energy independence goal of doubling the range national economic plan? across the United States. The drastic present output by 1985 will be attained. FEA For ------27 shortage of day-care facilities means a officials are watching Congress warily with Against ------67 major educational loss for the children respect to the Clean Air Act amendments be­ Noopinlon______6 as well as a significant obstacle to mil­ cause they think that the tightening of stack Are you for or against a new government lions of parents who would like to join emission standards now under consideration corporation to finance emergency energy or return to the job force. would itself limit coal consumption sharply. source development? Prospects for production of oil and natural At this point I call to my colleagues' at­ gas from the outer continental shelf (OCS), For ------22 tention an editorial which was published which a.long with the Alaskan North Slope Against ------77 in the New York Post on January 14, represents the last frontier for development No opinion ------1 1976. Are you for or against giving the Small THE DAY-CARE "MENACE" of these fuels, are also highly uncertain. If Business Administration executive status anything, the environmental constraints­ and placing the SBA Administrator in the Story-reading time 1s always popular with and the closely related problem of contllcts President's Cabinet? preschool youngsters at day-care centers arising between federal and state authori­ across the country, but that ls no reason ties-are even more acute in this case than For ------52 why adults should listen to fairy tales. in that of coal development. The extent to Against ------44 One in current circulation 1s that day which the oil industry 1s wlll1ng to take on ,No opinton______4 care is a pernicious business because 1t may the risks of exploring and developing the The most obvious conclusion that I expose toddlers to government intervention frontier provinces of the OCS is also unclear. draw from the results of the above poll in family life. Like the assorted adversaries Bidding at the recent sale of leases for OCS is the independent businessmen have encountered by Jack, the Giant Killer, the tracts off southern California was generally threat 1s scary. But is it real? How many disappointing. little confidence in the Federal Govern­ publlc school kindergarten teachers, gov­ In light of these discouraging indicatlons­ ment's ability to handle by itself all the ernment employees all, have exerted sinister of the prospects for energy independence, problems confronting our Nation. They influence on the young? Why do day-care there is nothing fanciful about the idea that especially do not want the Federal Gov- staffers shape up as ogres? 3688 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 18, 1976 The more practical issue at the moment ls supposed to espouse, have been committed mation complied. We will be telllng our ene­ ls locating more space for the preschool in our name and at our expense, at home and mies-real, potential, or imagined-nothing children of working women. A survey made around the world. that they do not already know. We will be by the Child Development Committee of the "Our nation would hardly be safe," says telling our own people what they must know National Commission on the Observance of McCone, without its "intelligence commu­ if they are to arrive at informed judgments International Women's Year reports an nity." We now know, thanks to Congressional about the politics pursued by their Govern· acute shortaget: fewer than 1 million of 6 investigations conducted with minimal co­ ment. million potentially eligible children can be operation from the Executive branch and re­ "The public should know how our Govern· furnished day care now. leased over the President's fierce objections, ment operates," says TV Guide in an edi­ Persistent unemployment and a shift that this "community": torial accompanying McCone's essay, "but to the welfare rolls may eliminate the day­ Has overthrown, or has been instrumen­ must we know everything about everything?" care problem for many women who want to tal in overthrowing, governments in Latin The unequivocal answer, if we are to gov­ work. But that is hardly an acceptable America, Africa, Asia, and the Middle East. ern ourselves in a democracy, is Yes. answer; in fact, expanded day-care serv­ Has plotted to assassinate foreign leaders, ices are directly related to fuller employ­ and has, perhaps, carried out some of its ment-and, thus, to national economic re­ plots. c:overy. Has bribed foreign politicians, subsidized RECOGNIZE FEBRUARY 29 AS foreign political parties, and meddled in countless other ways in the internal political VOLUNTEERS'::>AY PUBLIC HAS RIGHT TO KNOW AND life of supposedly independent nations-all BE INFORMED OF ILLEGAL ACTS­ in the name of preserving "democracy." HON. JAMES V. STANTON CIA MISDEEDS DISCLOSED­ Has financed, trained, and maintained se­ LITANY OF ABUSES REVEALED cret mercenary armies, sending them into OF OHIO battle to defend "the free world." IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Has allowed its agents to pose as American HON. JOE L. EVINS journalists (or hired journalists to serve as Wednesday, February 18, 1976 its agents,) thus tampering with the flow of Mr. JAMES v. STANTON. Mr. Speak­ OF TENNESSEE information to the American people. er, I am extremely pleased to join with IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Has monitored the private mail, cables, and the Greater Cleveland Chapter of the Wednesday, February 18, 1976 telephone calls of American citizens here and abroad. American National Red Cross in recog­ Mr. EVINS of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, Has attempted to conceal these activities nizing February 29 as Volunteer Day. I Progressive magazine in its current issue by offering perjured testimony to Congres­ believe it is entirely appropriate that the comments on efforts to minimize the sional committees. people of this Nation set aside this day abuses and misdeeds of the Central In­ Has spent, for these and sundry other pur­ to express their aippreciation to those poses, some $10 billion a year of the tax­ who give of their time and talent solely telligence Agency. p1ayers• money without any accounting to The editorial lists a litany of CIA ac­ the American people or their elected repre­ to benefit others. Among the qualities tivities-including overthrow of foreign sentatives-without any knowledge, in fact, most prized by this Nation are generosity governments, plots to assassinate leaders that such enormous sums were being spent. and compassion, and these men and of other countries, the financing of mer­ None of this wretched catalog of crimes women who serve as volunteers exemplify cenary armies, and other similar covert appears, of course, in John McCone's ex­ these qualities in this most meaningful, planation of "Why We Need the CIA." He most productive way. and secret operations-and concludes merely refers to "recent accusations of wrong­ I insert into the RECORD the statement that the American people have a basic doing-some imagined, others grossly over­ of purpose issued by the Greater Cleve­ right to know everything. stated, but stm a few justified" which "have land Chapter of the Red Cross: Because of the interest of my col­ set up a clamor for closer supervision." To leagues and the American people in this cope with this "noise," he proposes a few VOLUNTEER DAY important matter, I place the article cosmetic changes-and these, we suspect, are Representa.tives of many organizations and from the Progressive magazine in the likely to be the "reforms" thialti result from groups benefiting from voluntary services RECORD herewith. the recent disclosures. are seeking to focus community awareness Specifically, McCone suggests that "it on the thousands of voluntary acts per­ The article follows: might be advisable to identify the organiza­ formed daily in structured organizations and MUST WE KNOW EVERYTHING? tion as an arm of the National Security in personal, neighborly contacts, by deslg­ In the normal course of events, one would Council," in order to make "more conspicu­ 'nating a specific Volunteer Day. hardly look to a publication called TV Guide ous" the "proximity" of the CIA to the White February 29, 1976 has been designated as for important commentary on an issue of House. Since McCone denies categorically Volunteer Day in Greater Cleveland. This crucial national concern. But when that pub­ that the CIA is "an unsupervised, free­ "extra" day every 4 years, symbolic of the lication is, as its advertising proclaims, wheeling body" and insists that it has been "extra" time which volunteers give during "America's best-selling magazine"; when it strictly accountable to the President--an as­ the year, further symbolizes the "plus" of devotes a significant portion of its limited sertion we are inclined to believe-this compassion and part of self, that each volun­ editorial content to a ringing defense of the achievement of "proximity" would impose no teer gives and puts into his tasks. Central Intelligence Agency; when the au­ new restraints on the intelligence apparatus. Volunteer Day also recognizes that volun­ thor of that defense is a former director of McCone also proposes creation of a Con­ teer service ls essential to the life of the total the CIA whose views accurately reflect the gressional joint committee on intelligence, community as well as to the individual re­ attitudes of the American Establishment, at­ functioning in secrecy, whose "oversight ... ceiving the service. It further recognizes vol­ tention must be paid. must be accepted as oversight by the Con­ unteering as the very core of the American John A. McCone, corporate executive, for­ gress as a whole"-a counterpart, in other way of life and is vital to the well-being of mer Pentagon official, former chairman of the words, to the Joint Committee on Atomic the nation. Atomic Energy Commission, served for four Energy which has given free rein to the nu­ The total community will be asked to ob­ years in the Kennedy and Johnson Admin­ clear agencies and the nuclear. power in­ serve the day as a "Thank You" to volun­ istrations as director of the CIA. His article dustry. teers. Such out-pouring will indicate the in the January 10 issue of TV Guide, "Why If such non-reforms-and they are receiv­ appreciation of the community and hope­ We Need the CIA," constitutes a major prop­ ing serious consideration in Congress-are fully further identify "volunteering" as a aganda exercise--an attempt to immunize the sole consequence of the months of in­ part of a life pattern, thereby encouraging Americans against the impact of the ugly vestigation by House and Senate committees, more people to participate. The goal of the revelations of recent months. Most of all, the interests of the American people will have group is to create such an impact locally it is an effort to preserve the shroud of been betrayed, and the abuses that have come that Volunteer Day wm be established na­ secrecy that has allowed the CIA to operate · to Ugh t will persist and expand. tionally; to further this, efforts will be made without public accountability or Congres­ There is no great difficulty in formulating to place it in future editions of Chase's sional review. "Practical considerations," a. program to bring the intelligence apparatus World Calendar. says McCone, "demand that the organiza­ under effective control. The first principle is Every effort wlll be made to make "Volun­ tion be kept out of public view and its work to draw a clear distinction between intell1- teer Day" 1976, and what it represents, a made known only to the few who need to gence gathering (which will inevitably con­ unique, American life style-an integral part know." tinue) and .covert operations, which must be of the bicentennial year. It is anticipated We--210 million Americans-are those few. totally abandoned and outlawed. The second that the voluntary effort will expand tre­ We need to know because horrible abuses principle is to open the 1nte111gence process mendously within the next century and its against decency and democracy, against peace to maximum public scrutiny-to disclose the impact will greatly influence the best of the and justice, against every principle America sums spent, the means used, and the infor- American way into the future. Therefore, it February 18, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3689 is fitting that Greater Clevelanders, known and outside the workplace. There is an Federal Environmental Protection Adminis­ nationally for their volunteer spirit, take epidemic of cancer rampant in this Na­ trator, has backed the department and is also the leadership in an effort to distinguish this tion and each of us is a potential victim. proposing "rero discharge," but is willing to valuable national asset by the establish­ give General Electric ten months longer to ment of February 29th, every fourth year, as From 80 to 90 percent of all cancer is achieve it. G.E. says it lacks the technical Volunteer Day in the U.S.A. environmentally caused. Surely this is competence to meet either request. Mean­ sufficient cause to clean up the work­ while, an administrative hearing called by place and the air we breathe and the the state environmental agency to determine water we drink. what G.E. should do is expected to resume The article follows: shortly. ECONOMIC BLACKMAIL AGAIN 'TOMMYROT' REID TO BAR HUDSON FISHING THREATENED The State Commerce Commissioner, John (By Richard Severo) Dyson, and other state officials have criticized PEEKSKILL, N.Y., Feb. 17.-The state's Mr. Reid, warning that the strict standards HON. DOMINICK V. DANIELS Commissioner of Environmental Conserva­ could prompt G.E. to relocate. Mr. Reid did OF NEW JERSEY tion, Ogden R. Reid, said today that he would not mention Mr. Dyson by name yesterd·ay IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES issue orders closing the Hudson River as but said it was "tommyrot and balderdash" a commercial fishery for most species of fish that New Yorkers had to choose between jobs Wednesday, February 18, 1976 because of their contamination by polychlori­ and a healthy environment. "There are al­ Mr. DOMINICK V. DANIELS. Ml'. nated biphenyls, commonly known as PCB's. ternatives to PCB's and we believe it is pos­ Mr. Reid announced his intentions at a sible to work this out so that G.E. can con­ Speaker, one of this country's great rivers meeting he held with about 25 of the river's tinue," Mr. Reid said. will soon be closed to certain kinds of most active commercial fishermen and told He also criticized those who say G.E.'s commercial fishing because of pollution them he would issue his specific orders within proposal to discharge no more than 3.5 caused by discharges of polychlorinated a week. It will mark the first time in the his­ ounces a day by 1977 is reasonable. "That biphenyls-PCBs-by two General Elec­ tory of the Hudson River that it has ever amount would impair water quality and we tric plants. The expected orders closing been closed to commercial fishing. estimate that minnows would carry over the Hudson River follow by only 2 months The most valuable commercial fish affected four parts per million of PCB's as a result" by the ban are striped bass, eels, white perch, Mr. Reid said. "Striped bass that eat the a similar action regarding the historic catfish and carp, all of which appear to have minnows would bioaccumulate those PCB's James River due to contamination by the levels of PSB's that exceed Federal standards. to perhaps 11 parts per million. Saying that pesticide kepone. As for shad and sturgeon, which are migra­ a little of PCB's don't hurt is like s·aying This represents a tragic chapter in our tory fish, Mr. Reid said, "I ·think we'll prob­ you're a little bit pregnant." history. The tragedy lies in the fact that ably wait until we check early samples of the Mr. Reid asked David Seymour, president the pollution could have been and cer­ spring runs, see what levels of PCB's they of the Hudson River Fishermen's Associa­ tainly should have been prevented by contain, and then make a final determina­ tion, to head a committee to determine what responsible actions on the part of in­ tion." He acknowledged that he was not opti­ steps can be taken to help commercial fish­ mistic. ermen weather the closing. Mr. Seymour said dustry. General Electric could not have the commercial fishermen might play a role been unaware of the toxic effects of 'FAR-REACHING IMPLICATIONS' Mr. Reid's action is expected to affect an in helping the state determine the exact ex­ PCBs. The chemical is cancer-causing area far greater than the Hudson. tent and nature of PCB contamination in and has deleterious effects on the repro­ "The implications of this are far-reaching," marine life. ductive system. said William L. Dovel, marine biologist with Likewise, kepone was known through the Boyce Thompson Institute in Yonkers. toxicological studies conducted by Allied "The Hudson is indisputably a major source Chemical Corp., in the early 1960's to be a of striped bass for the entire East Coast A TRIBUTE TO JIM GREHAN-OUT­ carcinogen. fishery from Massachusetts to Delaware. STANDING RADIO NEWSMAN On November 11, 1975, I inserted in the "If these fish are not fit to eat when taken from the Hudson, then they are not fit to CONGRESSIONAL RECORD an article from eat when taken off Long Island, the New the New York Times revealing that GE Jersey coast and New England. It clearly HON. RONALD A. SARASIN had conceded that workers inside the two points to the need for Federal intervention OF CONNECTICUT plants at Fort Edward and Hudson Falls for controlling toxic substances and their IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES had become ill over a 15-year period effect on man.'' Wednesday, February 18, 1976 through exposure to PCB's. Thus, a situa­ A toxic-substances control act, which tion inside the workplace-of unhealthy would empower the Federal Government to Mr. SARASIN. Mr. Speaker, I would job conditions-has had ramifications test new chemical compounds before permit­ like to take this opportunity to bring to far beyond the walls of the factory. The ting their use, has been stalled in Washing­ my colleagues' attention the truly excep­ effiuent from these plants has ruined a ton for five years tional distinction won by Connecticut major river and caused economic hard­ TWO G.E. PLANTS CITED radio newsman Jim Grehan of station ship to commercial fishermen. "We are a dying breed," said one fisher­ WLAD of Danbury. Jim, the news direc­ I am today inserting a front-page man, Don Hardy of Piermont. "We have one tor of this outstanding station, has re­ foot in the grave. How can we expect cus­ cently been cited by the Associated Press article from the New York Times on the tomers to buy our shad if they can't buy our impending closing of the Hudson. striped bass?" in Connecticut for outstanding coopera­ I call particular attention to the The fishermen were glum as the meeting tion by an individual newsman in the threats of job loss or industry relocation ended. The start of the spring season is less State for 1975. The really significant fact as a consequence of the pending action than a month away and many said they had is that this marks the fifth consecutive by Ogden Reid, New York State's Com­ already spent large sums of money for nets year that Jim has been cited by the AP missioner of Environmental Conserva­ and equipment. for his journalistic leadership and the tion. This is an all-too-familiar litany­ "I've already spent $2,500 for nets and third time that he has won the top award "tighten the laws, and industry will move three new boats," said John Burns of Grassy in the State. Jim has compiled this un­ Point. "Where does all this leave us?" paralleled record in spite of the fact that out." The Manpower, Compensation, and Howard Jordan of Stony Point said that Health and Safety Subcommittee has "preventing us from earning a living isn't Danbury is far smaller than several heard this chorus too often in its over­ going to remove PCB's from the Hudson. other cities in Connecticut and that Jim sight of the Occupational Safety and How can they permit General Electric to works with a much smaller staff than Health Act. continue dumping this stuff into the river? some of the big city stations maintain. The American worker and the general It seems to me they are depriving Americans Nevertheless, Jim called in more top of their health." stories in 1975 than any other newsman. public cannot be blackmailed by threats The PCB's, in the opinion of the Depart­ of economic hardship. It is time that we I have personally had the pleasure of ment of Envkonmental Conservation, are working with Jim Grehan over the years stopped listening to these threats and coming largely from two General Electric started heeeding the danger posed to capacitor plants at Fort Edward and Hudson and I know him to be a thoroughly pro­ workers' lives, the health of their f am­ Falls, about 50 miles north of Albany. G.E. fessional journalist who can be counted ilies, their children, and the community is to stop direct discharges of PCB's into the upon to handle a story objectively and by environmental contamination inside river by next Sept. 30. Russell E. Train, the accurately. Jim will be receiving a 3690 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 18, 1976 plaque in recognition of his accomplish­ ters. But challenging as family life was served long enough. I really think that I'm ments at the spring meeting of the Con­ ,for her, it simply was not challenging less effective now than I was 10 years ago, necticut AP Broadcasters Association, enough to keep her away from the trade or even five years ago." Despite that admission, he says firmly, "I marking a well-deserved tribute from his union movement, and in 1947, at Walter feel fine, just fine," when asked about his peers. Reuther's urgings, she returned to his health. The senator was born in Saginaw, I want to add my personal congratu­ office. In 1949, when the UAW organized Michigan, on Sept. 25, 1905, and there have lations to Jim for this outstanding ac­ its political action department, Mrs. been times in recent years when he has not complishment, and also to station Gen­ Williams became secretary to the first been as fit as he would like to have been. eral Manager Pat Crafton, who has con­ director, Roy Reuther. But he looks and sounds better now than tributed so much to making WLAD one Now Salome Williams is going to make he has in some time, and his "I feel fine" is of the most respected voices in all Con­ easy to believe. another attempt at retirement--and I The determining factor in his decision to necticut broadcasting. say "attempt," Mr. Speaker, because her bow out, Kennick says, was the wishes of his friends are agreed that a person of her wife of 51 years, Ruth. many talents and boundless energy will "She wanted me to stay home. She's been be putting them to use in other en­ very kind and very generous for the past 18 SALOME WILLIAMS RETIRING deavors. years in not objecting to my being away AFTER 39YEARS WITH UAW from home so much. I look forward very much to relaxing with her." G. Joe Kennick's first try for elected office HON. JAMES O'HARA SENATOR JOE KENNICK WILL RE­ was in 1952, when he ran for Congress against OF MICHIGAN TIRE AFTER 18 YEARS IN THE Republican Craig Hosmer. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES "No one knew,'' he recalls with a chuckle, CALIFORNIA STATE LEGISLATURE ";that that campaign started when I was 12 Wednesday, February 18, 1976 years old. Mr. O'HARA. Mr. Speaker, for the past "When I was a small boy in Fremont, Neb., 39 years, Mrs. Salome Williams has been HON. MARK W. HAN~AFORD I delivered newspapers, and a fellow on my OF CALIFORNIA route was named Dan v. Stephens. He was a one of the stalwarts on the staff of the congressman, and I held that man in awe. ·United Automobile, Aerospace & Agricul­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES "He used to talk to me, and I remember tural Implement Workers of America­ Wednesday, February 18, 1976 saying to him one time, 'When I grow up I the UAW-the last 17 years of which would like to be a politician, like you.' " service being as secretary to the director Mr. HANNAFORD. Mr. Speaker, next A politician is a fine thing to be, Kennick of the union's political action depart­ December Senator Joe Kennick will re­ recalls being. told, "and from that day on I ment, headquartered in Detroit, Mich. tire after serving 18 years in the Cali­ wanted to be a politician, and I never lost Mrs. Williams is bringing her career fornia State Legislature. As a public sight of that. I decided my life would be po­ official and as a legislator Joe has com­ litical, and it was, from that time on." of union service to an end this week, and Young Kennick and his family eventually I want to take this opportunity to com­ piled a distinguished record of public moved to Long Beach, and he was graduated mend her for the outstanding work service-one which has had few parallels from Poly High School before going to work which she has done, and to join with her in our State's history. for Los Angeles County and the federal gov­ host of friends-in the union and out-­ I include with my remarks an excellent ernment and attending the University of in wishing her good luck and much hap- article by Bob Schmidt from last Sun­ Southern California and Southwestern Uni­ piness in her retirement. . day's edition of the Long Beach Inde­ versity Law School. pendent Press-Telegram: In his early 20s, he went to work for the A native of Switzerland and, for a brief juvenile bureau in the city of Long Beach, in period a resident of Canada, she came to Joe Kennick's omce in the State Capitol is what he describes as "a political environ­ the United States in 1914 just prior to simple, modestly decorated, and suggests ment," and in 1940 he was made superin­ the outbreak of World War I. Most of her that work is done there. Some legislators' tendent of the bureau. early years were spent in the New York offices become garish sanctums of self-trib­ Among his accomplishments in that post, ute, with plaques and scrolls and pictures which he held until his election to the As­ area, where she graduated from Bay assuring visitors that the occupant is a Very Ridge High School in 1927 and then com­ sembly in 1958, was the founding of the Important Person. Long Beach Boys' Club. pleted 2 years of undergraduate study Joe Kennick's office is not like that be­ The future legislator was active in Demo­ at City College of New York. Her first job cause Joe Kennick is not like that. He is cratic party activities, but held off seeking was as secretary to the assistant editor proud, he says, of being a state senator, of office himself until his two children-Joan, of the Leader magazine, a position she having been chosen seven times by the peo­ now Mrs. Gerald Scott of San Jose, and David, held for 7 years. ple of Long Beach to represent their interests now a municipal court judge in Los Angeles­ in the legislature. were young adults. It was in 1935 that Salome Williams But he has been sent to Sacramento to came into direct contact with the Amer­ Kennick lost his first campaign ("Hosmer work, not to indulge his vanity, and so he wasn't my opponent, General Eisenhower was ican trade union movement, and with works. If there has been accomplishment, if my opponent, and he was a tough guy to three of the men who were to have such as a consequence there is esteem, the pleas­ beat") and his second, two years later. a profound impact on the growth of ure of dwelling on such things can come But, he figured, since he had put nearly 40 trade unionism in the United States. later, he says. years of prepar·ation into t h e effort, he might For it was in 1935 that she went to work For Joe Kennick, "later" will soon be as well try again. And the third time, in 1958, "now." After 18 years in the legislature, after he succeeded, defeating eight-year Republ1- at the Brooklyn Labor College in Kato­ nearly 50 years of service to the people of nah, N.Y., where she met Walter, Roy can incumbent Herbert R. Klocksiem for the Long Beach, Joe Kennick is retiring. right to represent Long Beach in the State and Victor Reuther-the men who con­ He finishes reading a letter and jots a Assembly. tributed so much to the development and quick note in the margin before respond­ In 1966 he was elect ed to the Senate, and growth, not only of the UAW, but to the ing to a question about the reaction to his so great was the reputation he had acquired entire emerging American labor move­ decision not to seek re-election this year. in the Assembly that his new colleagues paid ment. "It's been very flattering," he says. "There's him the unique tribute of elect ing him im­ Two years later, Salome Williams and been a degree of sadness, and some people mediately to the five-member Rules Com­ her husband moved to Michigan, settling have asked me to reconsider. But some have mittee, the powerful panel that oversees the also said I deserved to retire, to have a . operations of the house. He has been re­ first in Saginaw where the UAW had change of pasture, and some rest." established an office for the purpose of He would be "less than honest," the sen - elected to the commit tee every year since. organizing workers. She stayed in Sagi­ ator says, "if I told you I haven't had many, Because of his many years of working wit h naw as secretary of that organizing of­ many second thoughts" about ending his juveniles, his early legisl·aMve efforts were fice until 1939, when Walter Reuther, the career in government. focused on improving California's ar·chaic incoming president of the UAW, asked "You don't serve 18 years in this place juvenile statutes, and eventually he and without having second thoughts" about leav­ Sen. Stanley Arnold introduced successfully her to come to Detroit as his secretary. ing, he says. the first major reform in the juvenile code in Two years later, Salome Williams "re­ But, he adds, with the candid clarity that 107 years. tired" from the union scene in order to has helped him cut quickly to the hearts of Sensitive to his constituency, Kennick be­ devote her time to raising her two daugh- issues in the past, "I thought that I had came a.ware quickly that the needs of an- February 18, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3691 other segment of society were, like those of start of the 1977-78 session, Joe Kennick they collect handsome royalties, and even juveniles, not normally very high on any will not be among them. become a hero in certain circles. By re­ list of leg.islative priorities. One of the few cliches which find their vealing what they know in a book, they And so he turned a large share of his atten­ way into his speech ls "the world won't tion to the senior citizen. He was responsible come to an end," and it applies, he would are confident that legitimate concern for for the legislation that created the Califor­ be the first to say, to his departure from the every American's first amendment rights nia Commission on Aging, and he still serves Long Beach legislative delegation. will sanctify their deeds. But valid on the Joint Legislative Committee on Ag­ Long Beach's world won't come to an end and proper concern for the integrity of ing he initially sponsored. because oJe Kennick will no longer represent the first amendment should not cloud He carried legislation that allowed eligible it in the legislature. But the legislature, and the nature of their treasonous acts. juvenile offenders to have their court rec­ Long Beach, and the city's citizens, and their Mr. Speaker, those of us who know the ords sealed "so a kid who stubbed h'is toe present and their future will be the poorer once wouldn't have to carry that around with for his absence. President know him to be a reasonable him the rest of his life." man. Thus, if we begin to take reason­ He also introduced a measure linking old able action to ensure reasonable secrecy, age penstons with the cost-of-living index I am confident we will begin to make "so the elderly would not have to petition progress toward our goal of reasonable each year for needed pension increases." REGAINING THE PRESIDENT'S reform. Joe Kennick was the lead co-author on the CONFIDENCE As the Washington Post perceptively controversial Rumford Fair Housing Bill '"and it nearly cost me my seat, but I believed observed in a recent editorial, "the secu­ it was right then, and I stlll do, and fortu­ HON. WILLIAM S. BROOMFIELD rity of the country and the liberty of its nately the Supreme Court agreed with me." citizens can best be pursued-we are He has also been a co-author of legisla­ OF MICHIGAN tempted to say, can only be effectively tion abolishing capital punishment, another IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES pursued-when there is respect for the issue that required the placing of personal Wednesday, February 18, 1976 procedures agreed on between the two principle over purely political considerations. branches. That is why it is so important As chairman of the Assembly Committee Mr. BROOMFIELD. Mr. Speaker, over for both of them to keep the agreements on Manufacturing, Oil and Mining, and a the past year both Congress and the they do manage to work out with each member of the Joint Committee on Tide­ executive branch have been conducting other." lands, Kennick was deeply involved in the in­ intensive investigations of this country's tense negotiations that culminated, in 1964, To that I can only add, Amen. in what ls now known as Chapter 138, the complex and farflung intelligence com­ statute containing the Long Beooh tidelands munity. All of this effort has been aimed oil revenue-sharing formula that has added at the ultimate objective of reform. The hundreds of millions of dollars to the state President last night gave us his recipe, BILL WHITCOMB NAMED TO treasury and millions to that of the city of but Congress formula was conspicuously NATIONAL MASONIC OFFICE Long Beach. absent, and therein, lies the crux of our More recently, it was his legislation that dilemma. enabled the California state university and HON. DON FUQUA college system to locate its headquarters fa­ Full realization of the reformation cility, now nearing completion, on tidelands everyone is calling for, requires the com­ OF FLORIDA property near the Queen's Way Bridge in bined efforts of the legislative and execu­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Long Beach. tive arms of government. The President Wednesday, February 18, 1976 He also fought, successfully, for the loca­ has taken the initiative and has pointed tion of a state office building in downtown us in the right direction. But, he knows­ Mr. FUQUA. Mr. Speaker, a singular Long Beach, and the structure is now in the as do we-that congressional oversight honor is being bestowed on a very warm planning stage. is a necessity if we are to make reform personal friend today in the Cradle of If legislators and their staffs and lobbyists and journalists in the Capitol were asked meaningful and lasting. Liberty-Philadelphia, Pa.-where the to come up with one word they associated Regrettably, events in recent weeks Grand Masters of Masons in America are with Joe Kennick, the word would probably have raised serious questions about our holding their conference. be "kind." capacity to discharge this oversight role He is William A. Whitcomb, the grand But Joe Kennick has been a tough, hard­ in a responsible manner. The President secretary of the Masons of Florida, who nosed defender of his district's interests, as has good reason to believe that it is in­ is being installed as president of the Northern California legislators found out deed risky business to take us into his Conference of Grand Secretaries of frequently in the 1960s when they tried, North America. This ·is the first time in always unsuccessfully, to raid Long Beach's confidence. ·If he cannot trust us, how tidelands oil income. can we expect to get the information we its 48-year history that this singular The battle over the location of the state need to practice oversight. In short, honor has been bestowed on a Floridian. college and university headquarters, he re­ without mutual trust and confidence, re­ The conference embraces all of the calls, "was won and lost 20 times before it form of the intelligence community is grand lodges of the United States, was finally won," with the chief opponent impossible. Canada, Mexico, and Puerto Rico, repre­ being one of the most powerful men in state Mr. Speaker, Congress must begin im­ senting over 4 million Masons. government, Sen. Randolph Collier of Yreka, mediately to take steps that will lead to Bill Whitcomb has been a friend of the silver-haired dean of the legislature. How come, Kennick was asked, you have a full restoration of the President's con­ mine for many years and a gentleman these big knock-down, drag-out battles with fidence. A good start in that direction I greatly admire. He was named grand other legislators and special interests who are would be speedy congressional action on secretary of Florida in 1960, having been used to getting their own way, and you win the Chief Executive's request that a law born and raised in Lake County and liv­ more than you lose and no one's mad at you? be enacted that would make it a crime ing in Orlando for 24 years before being "Well," the senator says, "I don't know, for a Government employee to reveal elevated to this vital position in Florida really. I'm not ugly about it. I know that, secrets without authorization. Masonry. because I truly have deep affection and high I suppose if there is one thing which regard for Randy Collier and the others, Existing laws are almost completely and I think they know it." inadequate in preventing disclosures­ has always distinguished Bill Whitcomb, They know it, and the regard is returned. and often therefore, the destruction-of it has been his sense of dedication and Early last month, San Francisco senator our intelligence sources and methods. service to others. His influence for good and mayor-elect George Moscone sat silently They do not deter for a moment those extends far beyond the borders of this in the Senate chamber while his eolleagues who attempt to destroy our intelligence fraternity which he has served so long bade him farewell. He rose, after they had services. Formerly, those working against and so well. concl:uded, to express his own farewell, and us communicated their secret informa­ Every grand master under whom he even in that highly personal moment took time to speak of Joe Kennick, who only a tion solely and directly to a foreign in­ has served has attested to his compe­ few days earlier had announced his decision telligence service, and were paid their tence, attention to detail, and love for not to seek reelection. · reward. his fellow man. "Joe," Moscone said, "has given all of his Today, those who hawk our intelli­ To his lovely wife, Mae, two sons, and life to the public, and he is entitled to give gence secrets are more sophisticated. family, I join in extending my warmest some of it to himself and to his wife." They just as effectively damage their congratulations. And. so next Dec. 6, when the members or country by publishing all their knowledge This is a well deserved tribute to a fine the California Legislature convene for the in a book. Moreover, for their efforts, gentleman, friend and Mason. 3692 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 18, 1976 shifts, all year round, our bodies constantly SUPPLEMENTAL COMMUNITY DE­ Percent Allocation Allocation .subjected to a wide range of rapid tempera­ VELOPMENT EMPLOYMENT AS­ unem- under under ture change. We are provided no protective SISTANCE ACT OF 1976 ployment H.R. 11860 H.R. 5247 clothing by the company such as asbestos coats or pants to protect us against tem­ Lincoln Park ______12. 7 51. 5 233 peratures in the summertime that range HON. GARRY BROWN Pontiac ______29. 9 801. 5 1, 543 between 115° to 180°. We have to instead OF MICHIGAN Redford Township ______12. 8 50. 0 301 Roseville ______15.1 87 . 0 372 wear long underwear under our work clothes IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Saginaw ______14. 8 223.3 509 in the summertime to keep the heat off of us. Sterling Heights ______Wednesday, February 18, 1976 13. 2 109.1 261 Believe me-when its 90° outside you're in Taylor ______------15. 6 117. 5 430 complete misery when you put on long un­ Warren ______12. 3 280. 7 656 Mr. BROWN of Michigan. Mr. Speak­ Waterford Township ____ 19. 5 46. 9 597 derwear! er, tomorrow we will be asked to vote on Genesee County ______17.1 428. 0 1, 531 The gases and dust that we're subjected to the veto of H.R. 5247. As you know, I have Oakland County ______14. 6 657. 7 2, 204 are murderous! I'll honestly tell you that a Wayne County ______17.1 2, 400. 9 1, 805 great part of each work day I have to hold introduced an alternative bill, H.R. 11860 Missouri: Saint Louis ______12. 9 2, 462. 7 2, 661 my breath. It almost seems like a natural which has subsequently received Presi­ Nevada: Las Vegas ______12. 3 280. 3 523 body function to me now. I can honestly feel dent Ford's endorsement. This is a criti­ New Jersey: the effects of my body suffering from the Camden_------16. 6 352. 4 752 cal issue and I am afraid too many Mem­ Newark ______16. 2 1, 570. 1 2, 636 miserable conditions at the coke plant-and bers are overlooking a critical point. If Passaic ______14. 6 103. 0 367 I'm a health conscious person, and I don't Paterson __ ------14. 5 378. 7 869 smoke. we are trying to address unemployment, Union City ______H.R. 5247 is the wrong bill. 14. 8 155. 5 409 I could go on and on, but let me instead New York: just say that I don't believe that any per­ Let me illustrate by the following Buffalo ______16. 5 1, 905. 0 3, 407 Niagara Falls ______17. 9 337. 9 739 son should have to subject themselves, their chart comparing the allocation of first­ Utica ______12. 2 137. 8 347 health, or their lives to such conditions just quarter funds under both bills for the Erie County ______13. 2 2, 358. 3 2, 784 to earn a living and provide for their families. major cities and counties in this coun­ North Carolina: Not only is it important that these conditions Asheville ______13. 8 145. 6 311 try with chronic unemployment. For this Winston-Salem ______be cleaned up, but also that people working 14.4 307. 3 779 in the coke plants 25 years be given retire­ purpose, I have compiled a list of the Ohio : approximately 75 communities in the Hamilton ____ ------13. 7 107. 0 331 ment at good pay. Lima ______-- __ ----- 16. 5 78. 9 399 I agree that it is up to us who work in country with unemloyment in excess of Youngstown ______lp 265. 4 623 the coke plants to fight to improve our work­ 12 percent. You will note that, with very Pennsylvania: Chester ______ing conditions-but it is a monumental job few exceptions, the areas of greatest 14. 2 108. 3 304 when you're up against these powerful, ar­ Lancaster ______12. 4 70. 8 244 need receive the greatest funding under Scranton ______13. 0 136. 6 474 rogant, profit greedy corporations; and the H.R. 11860 despite the fact that the Rhode I stand: longer it takes to get better working condi­ total funding level is approximately one­ Cranston ______12. 5 128. 6 306 tions and early retirement, the m ore there'll Pawtucket__------16. 3 222.0 630 be people suffering (including myself). half of that under H.R. 5247. Providence ______17. 1 641. 7 1, 559 So I guess after all I've just said it bolls The moral is clear, my alternative puts Warwick ______14. 3 110. 0 499 Texas: Laredo ______19. 5 137. 8 539 down to-do you think there is anything you the money where the need is and gets can do? Or do you know of anything that we more bang for the buck. can do ithat might be helpful to us? The chart follows: YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO, STEELWORK­ I believe that politicians and workers and ER WRITES ABOUT THE NEED FOR unemployed should try to work together COMP.A.RISON BETWEEN TITLE II OF H.R. 5247 AT FULL THE "CLEAN AIR ACT AMEND­ more closely-at least then the majority of FUNDING FOR 1 QUARTER AT 8.5 PERCENT UNEMPLOY­ MENTS OF 1975" the people would be happier. MENT ($437,500,000) AND H.R. 11860 AT FULL FUNDING I'll be looking forward to hearing from you. FOR 1 QUARTER AT 8.5 PERCENT UNEMPLOYMENT ($225,000,000) [Dollar amounts in thousands) HON. CHARLES J. CARNEY CHILD AND FAMILY SERVICES ACT OF OHIO Percent Allocation Allocation IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES unem- under under HON. PHILIP M. CRANE ployment H.R. 5247 H.R. 11860 Wednesday, February 18, 1976 OF ILLINOIS Mr. CARNEY. Mr. Speaker, I recently IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Alabama : Gadsden ______15. 1 $135. 6 $323 received a letter from a ·constituent California: Wednesday, February 18, 1976 Berkeley ______13. 4 260. 7 654 concerning the working conditions in Compton ______14. 6 101. 6 386 a coke plant at a steel mill. The letter Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, in recent Modesto ______12. 4 114. 8 236 weeks it has come to my attention that Oakland ______12. 7 891. 5 1, 614 points out the hazardous health con­ Ontario ______-- _____ 12. 8 72. 4 265 ditions that eist in and around a major the Child and Family Services Act, which Richmond ______12. 0 204. 4 284 is being sponsored by Mr. Mondale and Salinas ______12. 2 107. 8 230 industrial company, and especially the Santa Cruz______13. 2 0 139 need for upgraded clean air standards. Mr. Brademas, has once again become Stockton ______12. 2 232. 0 382 It is partly lbeeause of this type of prob­ the subject of some controversy. When Connecticut : the proposal to establish Federal day Bridgeport ______12. 3 492. 1 646 lem that the House Commerce Commit­ BristoL______14. 3 149. 3 338 tee, of which I am a member, is now con­ care centers was first made in 1971, it Danbury ______12. 5 118. 3 217 was passed in the form of an amendment New Britain ______13. 3 216. 4 449 sidering H.R. 10498, the "Clean Air Act Waterbury ______13. 8 334. 9 596 Amendments of 1975." to the Economic Opportunity Act of 1971, Delaware: Wilmington ______14. 5 317. 7 470 which was subsequently vetoed by Pres­ Florida: Mr. Speaker, I commend my constitu­ Hollywood ______13. 5 213. 3 479 ent for taking the time to inform me of ident Nixon. In his veto message, the Miami Beach ______12. 1 364. 5 236 the health conditions that exist at his President gave nine reasons for his op­ West Palm Beach ______12. 1 129. 4 231 position to the child development amend­ Broward County ______12. 5 370. 6 465 job. I am inserting his letter in the REC­ Georgia: Atlanta ______ment. Among those reasons were the 12. 7 1, 038. 6 2, 256 ORD for the information and considera­ Illinois: East Saint Louis _____ 18. 0 165. 0 475 following: Indiana: tion of my colleagues when H.R 10498 is Good public policy requires that we en­ Anderson ______14. 7 143. 5 436 presented for a vote in the U.S. Con­ Muncie ______12. 9 108. 8 299 hance rather than diminish both parental Massachusetts: gress. authority and parental involvement with Boston ______12. 8 4, 590. 8 2, 941 DEAR CONGRESSMAN CARNEY: I've b aen children-particularly in those early deci­ Brockton ______Chicopee ______12. 1 307. 9 331 meaning to write to you for awhile now, and sive years ... 12. 7 145. 5 307 your "Opinion Survey" gives me a good op­ Holyoke __ ------14. 8 176. 4 305 For the Federal Government to plunge Lawrence ______12. 6 201. 6 305 portunity to tell you what is on my mind. headlong financially into supporting child Lowell______13. 1 291. 1 453 Recently its become popular to fight for development would commit the most moral Lynn ______12. 5 359. 7 373 cleaning up the coke plants in the steel mills. New Bedford ______16. 0 449. 8 768 authority of the National Government to Somerville ______12. 9 270. 9 420 I'm all in favor of this! I work, and have the side of communal approaches to child Springfield ______13. 4 513. 5 806 worked for the past three and a half years. rearing over against the family-centered Michigan: on the coke ovens (production) at Youngs­ approach. Detroit_ __ ------21. 6 10, 940. 4 18, 021 town Sheet & Tube Co.-Campbell Works. Flint__ ------19.1 680. 0 1, 808 Grand Rapids ______13. 1 336. 4 911 The conditions there are unfit for any human Shortly after President Nixon made Lansing ____ ------_____ 12. 5 252. 7 550 being to endure. We work outside. All three this statement, proponents of the idea February 18, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3693 of Federal institutional day care reacted ator Walter Mondale and Congressman John NATIONAL COALITION FOR CHILDREN, by calling his view "irresponsible, cruel, Brademas purporting to refute allegedly in­ McLean, Va., Nov. 18, 1975. accurate charges made earlier by columnist hysterical, and false," but neglected to To the Editor: James J. Kilpatrick against the Child and In their recent reply to James J. Kil­ address the basic issue which was and Family Services legislation presently pend­ still is at stake-whether such wide­ patrick's critique of the Child and Family ing before Congress. I write as a representa­ Services bill, Senator Walter Mondale and spread encouragement of institution~! tive of the Emergency Committee for Chil­ Rep. John Brademas· defended their bill on day care for young children would m dren, which has consistently opposed this the grounds that it is not "family weaken­ fact accelerate the break-up of American legislation since 1971, to correct their pre­ ing" but designed to "strengthen and sup­ family life, especially among th~ ?oor sentation of this question. port" families by providing needed "serv­ where this problem is already prodig10us. The bill's sponsors claim that the pro­ ices" on a voluntary basis. Despite this cos­ gram as now formulated is "voluntary," and metic language, what the bill basically does A second issue proponents failed to ad­ even streilf.!thens the family instead of un­ 0 is create a new bureaucracy, the Office of dress is whether center care for children dermining it. They imply that "reasonable" is really beneficial to them, even under Child and Family Services to set up a na­ people cannot disagree on the basic desir­ tionwide network of child development-day the most carefully supervised circum­ ability of such legislation: they may differ care programs including massive training stances. As George Gilder put it in his only on technical details of its implementa­ programs for proliferating hordes of "child article which appeared on April 23, 1972, tion. They thus hope by simple fl.at to squelch development" experts. in the Washington Star: any discussion of the really important issues Our organization is an association of in­ Indeed, if the effects of U.S. social policy connected with it in the press. Certainly in dependent grass roots groups nationwide were determined by its intentions, the fervor, the hearings they have directed in Congress who are completely opposed to further tax­ they have sough~largely though not en­ payer subsidy of social planners and bureau­ compassion and generosity invested in the tirely successfully-to suppress any funda­ effort to enact a child development bill could crats who presume to know what is best for insure a healthful, stimulating, loving en­ mental consideration of the philosophical us. The thrust of the Child and Family Serv­ issues which this legislation raises. ices bill is that ( 1) children exist for the vironment for every American child and a The history of Federa! programs should by meaningful emancipation for every harried convenience of the parents (2) the state will mother. But 35 years of experience with now have taught us at least two things: that be in "partnership" with parents in the we should look, not so much at the stated rearing of children and (3) institutionalized other social initiatives should give us pause, intentions of a proposed program's sponsors, since our present crisis is virtually define.ct federally funded day care centers are pref­ by the gap between the intentions of previ­ as at its likely effects in reality; and that any erable to family-centered care (in spite of ous policy and its achievements. Federal program, once established, tends to statistics that show that most mothers who mushroom in all directions. The opponents HAVE to work prefer informal family-cen­ Fine intentions and lofty ideals are (as well as many proponents) of this legis­ tered care to institutionalized day care for well and good but they do not pr<;>vide a lation see it as merely a first step toward a their preschoolers.) scheme of universal early childhood educa­ Brademas and Mondale state that "parent substitute for realistic considerations of tion perhaps from age 3, a program which what the actual results of massive Fed- control is guaranteed by requirements in the is openly advocated by certain teacher orga­ bill that every program will be selected, eral programs will be. . nizations as a means-to put it bluntly­ directed and governed by the parents whose Once again this year, the same basic of creating jobs. It is simply ludicrous to ( children participate in it". Ye.t for the past proposal that was made in 1971 has been maintain that parents considered incapable decade the public has endured government \ reintroduced, and once again proponei;ts of raising their own children properly could by HEW administrative decree. Parents now "\ are claiming that the only debatable is­ in any genuine sense "direct" the extensive know that statement of Congressional intent \·, sues involved here are the specifics of programs in which their children would par­ in the statute means very little in the face how the program should be implemented, ticipate; the councils including parents to of HEW bureaucratic arrogance that pro­ not whether it should be implements. In be established under the program would be duces administrative rulings that either a letter to the editor submitted .by Mr. purest window-dressing. Through its fund­ negate Congressional intent or "broadly in­ MONDALE and Mr. BRADEMAS which ap­ ing power and its "guidelines," the Federal terpret" it to mean something quite differ­ government would control this system from ent. Two examples are HEW guidelines re­ peared in the November 12 Denver Post, the start, just as it has gained control over quiring busing for racial balance and the re­ the writers imply that only unreasonable too many areas of elementary, secondary, and cent Title IX regulations in which Congres­ people question the justification for the higher education in this country. Parents sional intent to deny discrimination by sex program: have discovered what a sham "local control" was interpreted to require all schools funded Reasonable people may disagree about the of school systems is once Washington has by tax dollars in any way to have co-educa­ extent to which the federal government can tional physical education classes for all stu­ provided funding for local programs. A dents from nursury school on up. The bill's afford to fund legislation of this kind; which Child Deve.J.opment program would be a Fed­ services should be authorized; how a program sponsors are members of the Committees in eral educational scheme from the very start, Congress who are responsible for HEW con­ of this kind best be administered; and the tn absolute violation of the American tradi­ like. duct and policy and they know that their tion. committees have never acted to correct these Mr. Speaker, I would like to submit for The central philosophical question raised bureaucratic abuses of power. That the bill's by the bill is: who ultimately controls a sponsors would "guarantee" total parental the RECORD two letters written in re­ child's education? Senator Jacob Javits, one sponse to the Mondale/Brademas letter. control under the Child and Family Services of its major sponsors, leaves us in no doubt bill in view of what has occurred in the past The first one was written by Dr. Onalee as to his view on that score, for he has de­ is a telling indication of their estimation of McGraw, coordinator of the National clared publicly that the "child is the ward the intelligence of the American public. Coalition for Children, a national orga­ of the state." That is a fair formulation ONALEE McGRAW, Ph.D., nization representing several hundred of the opinion of most of the legislation's Coordinator, National backers. Parents unhappy with the damage Coalition for Children. parent groups since 1973. She testified the public schools have already inflicted on April 21, 1975, before the Kennedy upon tb.e family are discovering that provid­ Subcommittee on the National Science ing an alternative education for them is LEGISLATION TO CffiCUMSCRIBE Foundation concerning the parents' view no easy matter: state officials in Ohio, for USE OF CAMPAIGN FUNDS of Government-funded curriculum im­ example, have attempted to remove children plementation efforts. The letter appeared from the custody of parents who insist upon providing them an education with a religious HON. BE.RKLEY BEDELL in the December 3 Denver Post in its en­ orientation in private schools. The Emer­ tirety. The second letter was written by gency Committee for Children, along with OF IOWA Dr. Charles A. Moser who is on the ad­ a growing number of parental rights groups, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES visory board of the Emergency Commit­ totally condemns such actions, and upholds Wednesday, February 18, 1976 tee for Children, which was formed in the final authority of parents to determine 1971 to oppose the Child and Family how their children shall be educated. Mr. BEDELL. Mr. Speaker, I am today The argument is not over financing, or over introducing legislation which would more Services proposal. Mr. Speaker, I ask administrative details, as Mondale and unanimous consent that the two letters tightly circumscribe the legal use of ex­ Brademas would have us believe. It is over cess campaign funds and of constituent be inserted in the RECORD at this point: whether we and our children shall have the EMERGENCY COMMITTEE FOR CHILDREN, right to live our own lives without dictation service funds. Washington, D.C., December 1, 1975. from Washington. The intent of this legislation is quite Letters to the Editor: Sincerely yours, simple. It is to insure that funds con­ GENTLEMEN: In a recent issue of your CHARLES A. MOSER, tributed to an individual for the purpose newspaper you published a letter from Sen- FO'T' the Emergency Committee. of supporting his activities as a holder CXII~-235~Part 3 3694 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 18, 1976 of Federal office, and funds contributed Presidential election year that, under "(B) for the office of Senator, such can­ present law, any Presidential candidate didate shall (i) use such contributions in to a candidate for Federal office for the connection with the next general election for purpose of defraying necessary campaign who qualifies for Federal matching funds, the office of Senator (in the same State as expenditures, are in fact used for such and then withdraws from the race, can the election in which such candidate par­ purposes and are not utilized by such pocket the unspent balance of such funds ticipated) or in connection with a general individuals for their personal enrich­ for his personal use. My bill would pre­ election for the office of Vice President or ment, as is permissible under existing vent this practice. President which is held within such period; law. Mr. Speaker, in this election year and (ii) dispose of such contributions under para­ Section 318 of the Federal Election at a time when Congress is considering graph (3); or (iii) in the case of a candidate amendments to our campaign laws in who 1s elected, use such contributions in Campaign Act of 1971 provides the fol­ accordance with paragraph (4); lowing guidelines for Federal officehold­ light of the recent Supreme Court rul­ "(C) for the office of Vice President, such ers and candidates for such office: ing, it seems to me that attention should candidate shall (1) use such contributions Amounts received by a candidate as con­ be given to preventing any personal use in connection with the next general election tributions that are in excess of any amount of contributions. I hope that the Con­ for the office of Vice President or President; necessa.ry to defray his expenditures, and any gress will take the time to close this (ii) dispose of such contributions under para­ other amounts contributed to an individual loophole once and for all. graph (3); or (iii) in the case of a candidate for the purpose of supporting his activities a.s The text of the bill follows: who 1s elected, use such contributions in ac­ a holder of federal office, may be used by such cordance with paragraph (4); or candidate or individual, as the case may be, H.R. 11958 "(D) for the office of President, such can­ to defray any ordinary and necessary ex­ A bill to amend the Federal Election Cam­ didate shall (i) use such contributions in penses incurred by him in connection with paign Act of 1971 to require candidates connection with the next general election fo1' his duties as holder of federal office, may be for Federal office in certain circumstances the office of President; (ii) dispose of such contributed by him to any organization de­ to return excess campaign contributions contributions under paragraph (3); or (111) scribed in section 170 ( c) of Title 26 of the to the persons making such contributions in the case of a candidate who is elected; use U.S. Code, or may be used for any other law­ or to deposit such contributions in the such contributions in accordance with para­ ful purpose. Presidential Election Campaign Fund, and graph (4). for other purposes. "(3) If a candidate does not use any ex­ This means, in other words, that a can­ Be it enacted, by the Senate and House of cess contributions within the applicable didate for Federal office, whether he wins Representatives of the United, States of period under paragraph (2) or paragraph or loses an election, may pay tax on his America in Congress assembled,, That (a) the (4), such candidate shall- excess campaign funds and then treat first sentence of section 318 of the Federal " (A) return such contributions to the per­ the balance as personal income. It also Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. sons making contributions to such candi­ means that once a Federal officeholder 439a) is a.mended- date, and deposit the balance of any such ( 1) by striking out "Amounts received" contributions which are not so returned in pays tax on his constituent service funds, and all that follows through "other amounts" the Presidential Election Campaign Fund; or he is free to spend that money in virtu­ and inserting in lieu thereof "(a) Amounts"; "(B) deposit the entire amount of such ally any manner he wishes. (2) by striking out the comma immedi­ contributions in the Presidential Election In my view, section 318 of the Federal ately after "Federal office" each place it ap­ Campaign Fund. > Campaign Act of 1971 does not provide pears therein; "(4) (A) In the case of a candidate who is I adequate protection for the public inter­ (3) by striking out "candidate or"; elected, such candidate shall designate that I est, and I feel that there is a clear need (4) by striking out ", as the case may portion of any excess contributions which :' be,"; such candidate intends to use in accordance for stricter regulation of the use of excess (5) by inserting "or" immediately before with the provisions of subsection (a). Such campaign funds and of constituent serv­ "may be contributed"; and designation shall be made within a reason­ ice funds. This section of our campaign (6) by striking out ", or may be used for able time after the general election involved laws contains a significant loophole any other lawful purpose". and shall be transmitted by such candidate which should be closed. (b) The second sentence of section 318(a) to the Commission. Most contributors are simply not aware of the Federal Election Campaign Act of "(B) Any such candidate shall- that their donations can be used for a 1971, as so redesignated by subsection (a), " (i) use the remainder of such excess candidate or officeholder's personal use. is amended- contributions, after making a designation (1) by striking out "contribution," each under subparagraph (A), in accordance with It seems to me that it is an extremely place it appears therein; the provisions of subparagraph (A) (1), (B) questionable ethical proposition for a (2) by inserting a comma immediately af­ (i), (C) (i), or (D) (i) of paragraph (2), as Federal officeholder, or candidate for ter "expenditure thereof"; and the case may be; or such office, to solicit and accept funds on (3) by striking out the comma immedi­ "(ii) dispose of such remainder under the pretext of serving the public interest, ately after "amount contributed" the second paragraph (3) . and then be allowed to subsequently ex­ place it appears therein. "(C) Any such candidate, after making a pend them for a totally unrelated ex­ (c) Section 318(a) of the Federal Election designation under subparagraph (A), may Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 439a(a)) is not use the excess contributions so desig­ pense. This is an option, no matter how amended by inserting immediately after the nated for any purpose other than the pur­ infrequently exercised, which should be first sentence thereof the following new sen­ poses described in subsection (a). completely foreclosed. tence: "Such amounts may not be used by "(5) The provisions of the second sentence The legislation I am introducing today such individual in connection with any cam­ of subsection (a) shall apply to excess con­ would flatly prohibit the personal use of paign for Federal office or for any other pub­ tributions subject to the provisions of this excess campaign funds or constitutent lic office.". subsection. service funds by a Federal officeholder or (d) Section 318 of the Federal Election "(6) For purposes of this subsection, the Campaign Act (2 U.S.C. 439a) is amended by term 'excess contribution' means any con­ candidate for such office. Under the pro­ adding at the end thereof the following new tribution received by a candidate which, in posal, a candidate for Federal office could subsection: ' the aggregate with other contributions re­ save, subject to existing campaign re­ "(b) (1) Excess contributions may be used ceived by such candidate, exceeds the porting requirements, excess campaign by a candidate in accordance with the provi­ amount necessary to defray the expenditures funds for use in the next scheduled elec­ sions of this subsection. of such candidate.". tion for the same or higher office. He "(2) If a candidate retains excess contribu­ Sec. 2. (a) The amendments made by the could contribute excess funds to the tions after participating in an election- first section of this Act shall apply to any Presidential Election Campaign Fund, " (A) for the office of Representative, Dele­ election for Federal office which is held after which contains Federal checkoff funds gate, or Resident Commissioner, such can­ the date of the enactment of this Act, ex­ didate shall (i) use such contributions in cept that such amendments shall not apply available to qualified candidates on a connection with a general election for the to any excess contribution which is used by nonpartisan basis. Or, he could return office of Representative, Delegate, or Resident a candidate before such date of enactment such funds to his contributors. In addi­ CommLssioner (in the same congressional in accordance with section 318 of the Fed­ tion, amounts contributed to an individ­ district or other area as the election in which eral Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. ual expressly for the purpose of support­ such candidate participated), for the office 439a). ing his activities as a holder of Federal of Senator, for the office of Vice President, (b) For purposes of this section- office would be restricted to such use. or for the office of President, which is held (1) the terms "candidate", "election", and no later than 2 years after such election; "Federal office" have the meanings given They could not be used by such individual (11) dispose of such contributions under para­ them by section 301 of the Federal Election in connection with any campaign for graph (3); or (111) in the case of a. candidate Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 431); and public office. who is elected, use such contributions in (2) the term "excess contribution" has the It is also important to note in this accordance with paragraph (4); meaning given it by section 318(b) (6) of February 18, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3695 such Act, as added by the first section of this None that an insurance actuary would pay tion of the area could be miraculously accom­ Act. any attention to. Total experience with com­ plished with an "acceptable" number of cas­ mercial power reactors amounts to a few ualties, the problem of providing instant re­ hundreds of reactor-years, and of this lief for millions of homeless and jobless ARE NUCLEAR POWERPLANTS amount, almost none has been logged by the evacuees de·fies imagination. DANGEROUS? biggest and most dangerous of reactors yet An accident elsewhere might threaten far to see service. The actuarial base is too small fewer lives and yet be intolerably costly. Con­ to justify estimates of a calamitous accident sider the Rancho Seco plant near Sacramento, HON. BELLA S. ABZUG every 500 or 1,000 reactor-years, much less for instance. An accident there might force OF NEW YORK one in a million, a billion, or a trilllon. Such the semi-permanent retirement of some of guesstimates are indefensible. the most productive agricultural land in the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES What would you consider plausible odds? country or the world, in California's Central Wednesday, February 18, 1976 I'll stay out of the numbers racket, if you Valley. Need I go on? don't mind. My numbers would be as insup­ You've made your point, I think. And my Ms. ABZUG. Mr. Speaker, the dangers portable as anyone else's. All it makes sense time is about up. Can you sum up now? of nuclear power have been ably dis­ to say, in my opinion, ls that the probablUty I'll try. Sabotage or blackmail based on the cussed in an article published in Not of accident is unacceptably large in view of threat of sabotage may be the worst danger Man Apart, the journal of the Friends the huge potential losses. of all, and I've hardly mentioned it. Plant of the Earth, in its edition of February Be more specific about potential losses. security is ludicrously inadequate, and really 1976. In a question and answer format All right. Virtually all loss estimates ema­ adequate security would imply police-state nate from the nuclear establishment, and It methods and the erosion of civil liberties. it discusses the problems surrounding would be remarkable if they were uninflu­ Tens of billions of dollars worth of equip­ nuclear powerplants with lucidity and enced by wishful thinking. Even these esti­ ment will be lost if, as seems certain to me, intelligence. For the benefit of my col­ mates are staggering, though. An AEC study the public demands shutdown of all nuclear leagues, I would like to insert a portion of 1957 postulated up to 3,400 people killed plants in the wake of the first major acci­ of that colloquy: outright in a single accident, up to 43,000 dent. This situation could be a lot worse ARE NUCLEAR POWERPLANTS DANGEROUS? people seriously injured, up to 182,000 people however. I'm told that 70 or 80 percent of the irradiated badly enough to double their cost of nuclear power plants could be sal­ (By Hugh Nash) chances of eventually contracting cancer, vaged by retiring the reactors and substitut­ Doesn't it all boil down to probabilities? and property damage up to seven billion dol­ ing non-nuclear steam generating systems: If a terrible outcome is improbable enough, lars. These estimates presuppose an accident coal-, gas-, or oil-fired boilers. We ought to can't we risk it? at a nuclear plant barely one-fifth the size make such substitutions now, in my opinion, I might buy that if the only people to suf­ of today's giants. without waiting for a grisly accident to force fer were those who willingly accepted the The 1957 study isn't the last word on the our hands. risks. subject, I hope! Many critics would condemn nuclear power What do you mean? Not exactly. A project to update the 1957 even if there could be an absolute guarantee Maybe the French aerialist had a right to study was aborted when it became clear, in against in-plant accidents. There are risks risk his own neck on a tightwire between the mid-sixties, that new estimates of cas­ at every stage of the nuclear fuel cycle, from the two towers of the World Trade Center, ualties and losses would be horrendous. The mining and miiling of uranium ore to the in New York, 100 floors above the street. But AEC suppressed working papers of the up­ ultimate disposal of nuclear wastes. Fuel re­ few would argue that he would have the date study for a year or so, finally releasing processing plants are dirtier and arguably right to stake a thousand or a million other them when Friends of the Earth threatened more dangerous than the power plants they people's lives on his surefootedness. to bring action under the Freedom of Infor­ serve. Transportation of irradiated fuel and Isn't that a far-fetched analogy? mation Act. It turned out that revised esti­ high-level wastes affords many opportunities I think not; the nuclear est_ablishment is mates were for up to 27,000 prompt deaths, for accident of hijackings. Diversion of weap­ staking our lives, as well as its own, on its 73,000 acute radiation injuries, and property ons-grade nuclear material to unstable gov­ ability to carry out a high-risk undertak­ damage of up to seventeen blllion dollars. ernments or sophisticated bandits is virtually ing without a misstep. An area the size of Pennsylvania might be impossible to guard against with an on-go­ What do the odds makers say? badly contaminated, forcing evacuation or ing nuclear industry, and 30 years into the The odds on industrial accidents are nor­ restrictions on land use. atomic era, the problem of waste disposal mally assessed by the insurance industry. It Those estimates are ten years old, now; remains unsolved and possibly insoluble. To is ominous that the insurance industry de­ have you something even worse up your have launched the nuclear power industry clines to insure the nuclear industry- beyond sleeve? without first finding a demonstrably satisfac­ a tiny fraction of the potential losses for Yes and no. To take "no" first, a recent tory way to dispose of its wastes was monu­ which it might be held accountable. The in­ AEC-supported study, the Rasmussen Re­ mentally irresponsible. surance industry doesn't like the odds. port, claims the probab111ty of a major acci­ The subject is inexhaustible, but this must Let's hear more about the insurance angle. dent is very small and asserts that potential end somewhere. Nuclear insurance, or the absence of it, is casualties and losses are much lower than Where should I go to get the other side a big subject. Friends of the Earth has de­ estimated in 1957 and 1965. But there are of the story? voted a whole leaflet to it. Why don't we get problems with the Rasmussen Report. If your local utility company operates a you a copy and go on to other things? Name some. nuclear plant, I'~ see what its PR depart­ A·ll right. Tell me more about probabilities. Well, the report considers only light-water ment has to offer. And I'd get in touch with What we're up against has been called a reactors, ignoring the far more volatile and the industry's trade association, the Atomic zero/ infinity problem. The closer to zero the dangerous breeders that the nuclear estab­ Industrial Forum. Its address ls 7101 Wiscon­ potential losses are, the greater the probabil­ lishment hopes to deploy widely during the sin Ave., Washington, DC 20014. ity of accident that we can tolerate. And next quarter century. The report also ne­ One final point: if anything you hear from vice versa: the closer to infinity the potential glects the possib111ty of dellberately induced other sources raises questions in your mind losses are, the closer accident probablliti_es accidents caused by enemy action or acts of about things we've discussed, I hope you'll must come to zero. Proponents of nuclear sabotage. Such acts could raise accident come back to Friends of the Earth. I think power insist that the probability of accident probability from "slight" to "certain." The we'll have a satisfactory answer, or know is so small that we can risk very large poten­ report's relatively low estimate of casualties where to get one for you. tial losses, is predicted on a fatuous assumption: that Don't you agree? there would be prompt and orderly evacua­ No. Infinity is a mathematical concept tion of contaminated areas. And some of the RETIREMENTS FROM CONGRESS OF without much applicability in the real world. Rasmussen team's analytical methods have TWO TEXAS REPRESENTATIVES As a practical matter, potential losses that been sharply challenged. A former expert on a.re totally unacceptable are "infinite," and accident probability in the space program the only probability of accident that is jus­ says, for example, that "fault tree analysis" tified by such potential losses is zero. Flat, was inappropriately applied and improperly HON. ALAN STEELMAN a·bsolute zero. interpreted in the Rasmussen study. OF TEXAS I'll have to think about that. Meanwhile, You think the Rasmussen Report is a IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES what does the nuclear industry say about whitewash? Wednesday, February 18, 1976 the odds? I'd certainly say it is wildly, unreasonably I've seen alleged odds of one calamitous optimistic. Consider the trouble-plagued re­ Mr. STEELMAN. Mr. Speaker, I have accident per million reactor-years, one per actors at Indian Point, hardly 30 miles from heard with regret of the announced re­ b1llion reactor-years, one per trillion reactor­ Manhattan. Even the Rasmussen study con­ tirements from the U.S. Congress of two years, and on up out of sight. But these are cedes that this is within the possibly-lethal guesstimates, colored by wishful thinking. range. Prompt and orderly evacuation of the distinguished Texas representatives, Mr. There ls no actuarial basis for a firm, be­ New York Metropolitan Area is a pipe dream. PATMAN and Mr. Casey. These gentle­ lievable estimate. An accident, or the mere rumor of one, would men have served both the Nation and None at all? create panic and chaos. Assuming evacua.- the people of Texas well during their 3696 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 18, 1976 long terms in the House of Represen ta­ am pleased to recognize this excellent documents on which decisions already tives. program and bring it to the attention of made were based. The next logical step­ Mr. PATMAN, the dean of the U.S. Con­ my colleagues. and one which the general public is gress, will retire this Bicentenhlal Y~ar rightfully urging Congress to take-is to after nearly a half of a century of dis­ give the average person the right to sit tinguished service. During these 48 years DECISIONMAKING BY PUBLIC in on meetings which will result in Gov­ he has held many important House com­ AGENCIES SHOULD BE PUBLIC ernment decisions materially affecting mittee positions and has authored sev­ his life. eral significant pieces of legislation, in­ HON. ROBERT W. KASTEN, JR. The bill I am proposing covers 47 cluding the well-known Robinson-Pat­ "multiheaded" agencies and requires OF WISCONSIN meetings between heads of such agencies man Act. Because of the quality of .his IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES service, his presence will be missed to be open to the public. The bill also greatly by his colleagues in the House Wednesday, February 18, 1976 requires advance public notice of meet­ A former State legislator, Mr. PATMAN Mr. KASTEN. Mr. Speaker, today I am ings to be held and requires a reasonable also has served Texas as a district at­ introducing legislation to open delibera­ effort to make meetings accessible to ·torney from the fifth judicial district. He tions of Federal agencies to public the public. Provision is made for an has represented the First District of scrutiny. This is a long overdue action agency to close a meeting if any one of Texas in Congress since 1929. that Congress should pass without fur­ 10 conditions are present, such as na­ Mr. Casey has left Congress after nine ther delay. tional security or defense interests, dis­ terms of dedicated service to accept a This legislation will go a long way in closure of personal information that position with the Federal Maritime Com­ dealing constructively with the wide­ would result in unwarranted invasion of mission. His extensive background in spread public mistrust of Government. privacy of an individual, or matters in­ maritime matters undoubtedly will en­ One of the most common complaints I volving cases .under legal prosecution or able him to serve on the Commission receive from my constituents is frustra­ investigation where civil or criminal law with the same honor that he has served enforcement might be hampered. tion with Government regulations and A second major provision of the bill in the House these past 17 years. what they perceive as unjustified inter­ Mr. Casey, who formerly sat in the establishes a formal prohibition of secret ference in their affairs. A great deal of communications between agency deci­ Texas House of Representatives, served this mistrust is justified, but a great deal for 8 years as county judge of Harris sionmakers and any persons outside the of it is based simply on misinformation agency interested in influencing the out­ County before he was elected to Congress or noninformation about how Govern­ from the 22d District in 1958. come of an agency proceeding. This sec­ ment agencies function, what their role tion strengthens the prohibitions already I am certain that the people of Texas, is in carrying out congressional man­ whom Mr. PATMAN and Mr. Casey have in effect and is applicable to all executive dates, and whether they are composed of agencies, whether or not they are covered served so well both as State legislators real people who understand human prob­ and as U.S. Representatives, join me in under the other provisions of this act. lems or if they are headed by unsympa­ This is an important provision to prevent honoring these worthy men. thetic robots. The latter seems to be the decisions being unduly influenced by per­ common view. sons outside the Government who have The bill I am introducing today may in the past had an inside track simply not be welcomed by heads of the agen­ because they happen to know how the GENESEE-WYOMING DECA INTER­ cies we are talking about, but in the system works. We need to make the sys­ NATIONAL FIELD TRIP long run I am confident they will find tem more responsive to everyone, not openness in their deliberations will help just those with friends in high places. dispell some of the above misconcep­ Opponents of this bill who feel it goes HON. BARBER B. CONABLE, JR. tions. too far by inhibiting agency proceedings OF NEW YORK Opening agency deliberations in a nat­ are not taking the long view. As a matter IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ural follow-up to moves in recent years of fact, openness will very probably re­ at other levels of government to allow sult in greater public comprehension of Wednesday, February 18, 1976 wider public access to the decisionmak­ the choices an agency must make and a Mr. CONABLE. Mr. Speaker, the ing process. greater appreciation of the problems Genesee-Wyoming BOCES Chapter of Forty-nine States now have open meet­ with which they are faced. It certainly the Distributive Education Clubs of ing laws affecting State-level agencies. seems to me that a person would find it America in Batavia, N.Y., is an active Forty-four States have requirements for easier to swallow an unpalatable agency organization expanding the career in­ county and city level nonlegislative agen­ decision if he knows his side of the issue terests and knowledge of students at the cies, and for city councils and county was, indeed, considered, debated, and Board of Cooperative Education Services boards. State legislatures in 35 States modified or rejected on its merits. With Occupational Center there. One of the now open their committee meetings to closed agency deliberations, it is no sur­ highlights of its activities during the the public. prise that citizens assume Government current school year has been its inter­ Many Members of Congress were con­ bureaucrats make arbitrary and biased national field trip to Canada where mar­ cerned before the House and Senate rules decisions. keting research assignments were com­ were changed to require open committee Further, this is not an attempt to in­ pleted by the DECA students in hotel­ meetings unless the committee voted ject public interference or nit-picking motel management, public relations and ahead of time to close a session. Dire pre­ into agency proceedings. In fact, the bill advertising in the merchandising and dictions were made that Congress would does not provide for public participation food service industries. It was the first no longer be able to function efficiently; in meetings, but merely for public at­ international visit of a New York DECA legislative compromises could no longer tendance. If an agency wishes to benefit group. be made; confidences would be com­ from additional public input, I am sure Their instruction in hotel careers was promised. On the contrary, House com­ that would be a healthy byproduct, but received at the Harbour Castle Hotel in mittee legislative drafting sessions, which it is not a requirement of this bill. Toronto. Discussion of advertising was previously were almost exclusively closed In short, as I stated in the beginning held at Eaton's. The students also met to the public, were opened 80 percent of of my remarks, the experience of State with the assistant mayor of Toronto who the time in 1973, the first year after the governments and of congressional com­ presented the DECA chapter with the open meeting rule. In 1974, that in­ mittees simply belies the argument of in­ Canadian Coat of Arms and the students creased to 8'8 percent, and in 1975 we hibiting efficient action. with the Canadian Golden Maple Leaf voted easily to retain the open meetings Other detractors of this bill feel it does symbol. rule. not go far enough. I do not agree. I feel Mr. Speaker, the Canadian visit is The Freedom of Information Act was the exceptions provided for -in this bill representative of the varied and instruc­ a major step forward in allowing public are vitally necessary as a protection of tive program conducted by the Genesee­ access to Government documents. But individual rights. The bill does not re­ Wyoming DECA chapter to further the the information available through that quire an agency to close its deliberations career development of its students in the act is all after-the-fact-documents on if any of the 10 considerations are pres­ distribution and marketing industry. I the results of agency deliberations or ent. Rather, it puts the burden on the February 18, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3697 agency to justify its action if the agency has taken place there has been learned There are no comfor.ts, said another ref­ determines in advance a meeting should through interviews with Cambodian refugees ugee, only work 12 hours a day and then two be closed. here. hours each evening of "thought improve­ I think this is an adequate and neces­ They tell shocking tales of inhuman treat­ ment" instruction. sary compromise between the public's ment of the Cambodian masses by their "The Communist leaders say this is to Communist conquerors-a story until now build a pure, disciplined, and self-sufficient right to know and that saine public's gleaned only in bits and pieces because the nation," said this refugee. He is working in right to individual privacy. · Communists after their April 17 takeover Paris as a gardener. The bill applies only to multiheaded deliberately shut off that tiny Indochina na­ The towns and villages from which the agencies such as those governed by a tion from the outside world. people came now stand empty. Formerly commission-FPC, FCC, CPSC-and not The interviews reveal that: tilled areas also are abandoned, and the to single-headed agencies such as the Almost half of Cambodia's eight million jungle is being worked to "purge the masses State Department, Justice Department, people were forced at gun point to walk into of their old ways and instill the new work et cetera. There is a major difference in the jungles in a massive "death march" ethic." the two types of entities. The decision­ marked by tropical temperatures and mon­ The Communists instill this through harsh soon rains, with no provision for food, water, repression, population control dividing fam­ making process in multiheaded agen­ shelter or medical care. cies is, by nature, a give-and-take proc­ ilies, abolishing the Buddhist religion, and Tens of thousands fell along the way, vic­ breaking up family holdings and transform­ ess resulting in decisions which fre­ tims of hunger, thirst, exhaustion and dis­ ing them into collective farms. quently are not unanimous. ease, including a spreading cholera epidemic. "Despite communism, not everyone is In the departments, on the other hand, Other thou sands were ruthlessly executed equal," said Hay H., who now is in training one person is ultimately accountable for by Communist troops, most of them shot to be an auto mechanic. the final decisionmaking process. In ad­ down in batches without warning, the "The masses all wear baggy cotton 'pa­ dition, the makeup of the departments wounded left to die in broiling sun. jamas' but the army officers-everyone works makes it nearly impossible to define a Said Mrs. Savy H. (full name withheld) under army supervision-wear pure silk made who finally escaped with her daughter, Ala, in Communist China. Officers and soldiers eat cutoff point for public access to staff 18, and now is a servant to a French family: better and have wine to drink." meetings on agency business. "They said we had to leave Phnom Penh Mr. Speaker, I believe this bill encom­ "They are putting a single brain into the with only some clothes an d a little food. We heads of the people," said another refugee passes the best aspects of experience to walked with hundreds of people, some sick. who withheld her name. "People work hard date in granting public access to Gov­ After many miles we could lie down by the road. After a week cholera broke out and and talk little, saying only what they are ernment entities. At the same time we allowed to say. Everyone looks sad." about 30 died each day. The soldiers gave are allowing the free flow of information On moonlit nights, this refugee added, to the public ·on deliberations having a us no food or medicine. "We ran out of food and traded clothes people are forced, after their long day and the vital impact on their lives, we are not for rice and salt. In some places people were "thought improvement" sessions, to build hampering the work of the agencies, and working making fields and soldiers made us dams and irrigation ditches. we would not endanger the right to stop and work too. At the indoctrination sessions, people must privacy or infringe upon our Nation's "One night we shared food with a boy and stand up and say "what they did bad, like not security. his sister. Then they were taken away. Lateir working hard enough. Then they are given I would strongly urge my colleagues to a soldier told us they were shot because their extra work loads." join me in helping promote wider public older brother had been a pilot for the (top­ "We had no tools, only sticks and our bare pled anti-Communist) Lon Nol government's hands," said another refugee. "The soldiers knowledge of the Federal bureaucracy told us 'a banana tree is as important as a and, at the same time, promote an open, air force. "It's horrifying to live in a country whe1re tractor' and 'eight million Cambodians can candid climate to advance more rea­ people are killed on the spot without a trial." produce as much rice as 800 million soned and more intelligent bases for Gov­ Mrs. H. and Ala escaped by sneaking Chinese.'" ernment policymaking. through jungles to reach Thailand. "It took Sex relations are forbidden, said a Cam­ us 70 days of great misery." bodian tractor driver who is now a Paris fac­ Other refugees say about 7,000 Cambodians tory worker. "Twelve people in our labor CAMBODIA: ONE YEAR LATER were marched to the remote Cardamom camp were shot when they were found em­ mountains, arriving so weak and exhausted bracing in the forest.'' that many collapsed. They lived on berries, A man was shot because he left one group leaves and roots while they cleared the jun­ to go to another to try to find some food HON. JOHN P. MURTHA gle to sow a crop of rice. for his children,'' said another refugee. "He OF PENNSYLVANIA "One day some soldiers had a feast, with had no permit, you see. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES special food," said a refugee who asked that "I saw a soldier shoot a man, his wife his named be withheld. and their child because when questioned Wednesday, February 18, 1976 "When the starving people saw all that as to his former occupation the husband said Mr. MURTHA. Mr. Speaker, at this food, they begged for the leftovers. The sol­ he ran a pedal-cab but his wife blurted out diers threw the scraps on the ground. Hun­ that he had been a minor government of­ time a year ago Congress was debating dreds of people scrambled for them, pushing ficial." whether additional aid should be given and fighting. Many were hurt and some were People are forced to change their names. to South Vietnam and Cambodia. trampled to death. The soldiers just Children are given a number instead of a There were many aspects to that de­ laughed." name. Youngsters are required to spy on bate. One key point used by the admin­ "I did not imagine that the Communists elders. istration in support of further aid was could be so cruel," said another. "This is not Pagodas are all destroyed or locked up the fear of atrocities that would be communism. They are behaving like fascists. and the Buddhist monks work in the jungles forced on the citizens of these nations if They fooled us." with the others. There are almost no medical they became Communist dominated. Af­ se1rvices. ter my tour of the area and talking with A NATION IN CHAINS "The new leaders live in splendid isolation (By Edith Lenart) in big villas in the best part of Phnom Penh, the nation's leaders as part of a special the capital," said a refugee. "They have no congressional factfinding team sent by PARIS.--Since it fell to Communist troops contact with the masses, who never even see President Ford, I supported that theory in April, Cambodia has been turned into a them." and feared for the citizens forced into forced-labor camp, with its people constantly Communist control. This so-called blood­ shifted from one work site to another. So say Cambodian refugees who managed MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS bath theory was regularly attacked by to escape and reach Paris. Interviews with opponents of aid as being unlikely. several of them reveal that millions in Cam­ Since I suspect we will be faced with bodia are living severely regimented lives HON. MAX S. BAUCUS such funding decisions in the future in filled with terror, hard work, and little food. OF MONTANA regard to other countries, I would like Said Bonna B. (full name withheld), a IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to submit for the RECORD two recent ar­ former sailor with the toppled anti-Com­ ticles from the Pittsburgh Press describ­ munist Lon Nol government: Wednesday, February 18, 1976 ing what has happened to the people of "All the cities were evacuated and people Mr. BAUCUS. Mr. Speaker, magneto­ Cambodia since last April: moved to uncultivated areas, some of them malaria-infested. They find their own food hydrodynamics-MHD-is a compara­ CAMBODIA: ONE YEAR LATER while they try to transform jungle into pro­ tively new technology for generating (By Edith Lenart) ductive land. When they have finished 1n electricity: coal is heated to approxi­ PARIS.-Eight months after Cambodia's fall one place they are forcibly moved to an­ mately 4,000° F.; the resultant gas is to the Communists, the full horror of wha.t other." "seeded'' with a salt to effect ionization; 3698 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 18, 1976 the mixture is propelled through a mag­ cent better than modern steam cycles and separate facilities would be inadequate to netic field. The result is electric power 20-30 percent better than the efficiency pre­ the task of providing essential program data. dicted for advanced combined cycles with For this reason, the decision to develop the production with dramatically higher gas turbines. These efficiency increases in­ EDGF should be carefully reviewed together thermal efficiencies than those possible volve related reductions in cooling water re­ with its concept. through conventional technologies. An quirements and the MHD process contains An important component of an MHD gen­ added advantage is greatly reduced built-in potential advantages in einissions erator ls a superconducting magnet. Develop­ thermal and gaseous pollution. control due to the basic chemical· and ther­ ment of this component should proceed Fiscal year 1976 funds were authorized mal characteristics of the MHD cycle. These apace and parallel to that of MHD channels. and appropriated for implementation of perinit the management of einitted pollut­ Another aspect of MHD generation is seed a national program of MHD research and ants such as sulphur compounds and oxides recovery and recycling. In order to produce of nitrogen through the selection of appro­ electricity, the super hot coal gas is "seeded" development. Following is my statement priate plant operating conditions. A further with a salt to effect ionization which in turn to the House Science and Technology possibility is f!.n MHD-gas turbine combined generates electric power when the mixture is Subcommittee on Energy Research, De­ cycle which ls particularly suited to direct jettisoned through a magnetic field. To the velopment, and Demonstration-Fossil discharge of waste heat to the atmosphere." extent practicable, this salt must be recov­ Fuels with regard to the forthcoming The memorandum further states that ered and recycled. Parallel development of Energy Research and Development Ad­ MHD-augmented utility systems "would this aspect should be ensured for testing in ministration-ERDA-authorization. greatly benefit the economy" while provid­ concert with combustor testing. The statement follows: ing the opportunity "to reduce dependence An area critically lacking in fundamental on high-cost, politically sensitive foreign oil data is MHD coal combustors. These coal CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES, sources and diininishing domestic reserves of combustors must be capable of producing HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, oil and gas." A concurrent advantage, accord­ temperatures of 40000 F. Combustor develop­ Washington, D.a., February 17, 1976. ing to the meanorandum, is a more effective ment should begin immediately and parallel Hon. KEN HEcHLER, use of native coal in the production of elec­ to construction of a component develop­ Chairman, House Science and Technology tric power. ment integration facility (CDIF). The latter Subcommittee on Energy Research, De­ Actual progress in MHD to date is impres­ is equaHy critical inasmuch as it will serve velO'pment and Demonstration (Fossil sive. Improved working knowledge of the as the setting for integrating such MHD Fuels), B374 Rayburn Office Building, operation of slagging electrodes in the arc components as the coal feed, air heaters, the Was.hington, D.C. mode phase of MHD power generation has DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: Let me express my combustor, the channel, the diffuser, the been gained within the last two years. Usable magnet, inverters, down-stream heat ex­ appreciation and commend you for your data. on the solubility of "seed" (a salt em­ efforts during the ERDA authorization con­ changers and the gas cleaning system. ERDA's ployed for ionizing the hot coal gas generated Memorandum #2 describes the CDIF as "a ference last session toward achieving a vigor­ by combustion) in the residual slag has also ous national program in the development of miniature MHD power plant." been obtained. An American research team The above activities must be orchestrated magnetohydrodynamics (MHD). I respect­ operated high temperature electrodes con­ fully offer the following observations on the to provide data for the final design and con­ tinuously for one hundred hours in the struction of an engineering test fac111ty progress of MHD technology, its past and U.S.S.R.'s U-02 MHD facility. These and present needs, and the outlook for employing (ETF), a fully integrated and operable MHD other notable accomplishments resulted from generator capable of perhaps tens of mega­ ( MHD in meeting future energy demands. I efforts by firms and organ:izations such as request that this statement be recorded as watts of electric power generation. It is an­ Avco Everett Research Laboratory, the Uni­ ticipated that construction of the ETF will ( testimony on the forthcoming ERDA author­ versity of Tennessee Space Institute, West­ ization. require approximately three years and that I inghouse Research Corporation, and others. . aichieving full performance capability will The action of the ERDA authorization con­ The first week of February, 1976, saw a ~ ference committee last session resulted in an require another two years. major advance in MHD power generation. On I know that the Subcommittee is aware MHD appropriation of $37.3 m1llion for FY February 9, Dr. Philip White, Assistant Ad­ 1976 (including the transition quarter). This ministrator-Fossil Fuels, ERDA, announced of the statutory imperative for rapid MHD appropriation ls nearly equal to the $35.3 the achievement of four days' continuous op­ development. This imperative ls contained million requested for MHD by ERDA on eration of Avco's Mark VI MHD generator. in Public Law 93-404: June 30, 1975. According to ERDA's "Position 'l'he Mark VI, America's largest operational " ..., and there shall be undertaken im­ Memorandum #2: On Magnetohydrody­ MHD facility, logged one hundred hours of mediately the design and planning of such namics (MHD) Program" of November 6, power generation, ninety-five of which were engineering. test faci11ty, to be located in 1975, this money ls to be used to "continue continuous at power levels of 200 kilowatts Montana, large enough so as to provide a and expand the base of the current research or more. Prior to this time, no continuous legitimate engineering basis which when and development activities and at the same test lasting more than twenty hours had oc­ achieved will enable the immediate construc­ time to initiate the required major engineer­ curred at significant power levels. This test tion of a commercial scale MHD plant ( 500 ing effort." was a major step toward commercial use of MWe or above) for possible operations in the Specifically, the memorandum defined MHD because the Mark VI was operated at mid-1980's." ERDA's MHD program in terms of three voltage gradients and current densities equal ERDA's Administrator, Dr. Robert Sea­ phases. The first phase would include devel­ to those that would occur during full-scale mans, Jr., stated on November 11, 1975, that opment of technology for designing and test­ utillty plant generation. Coal ash was intro­ "the MHD program is being accelerated and ing various MHD components toward com­ duced into the combustor to simulate condi­ emphasis ls being shifted from a research pletion of an engineering test facmty (ETF) . tions encountered during coal-fired opera­ activity which has proved the basic concept, The ETF (which marks the beginning of the tions. A major objective of the test was to of MHD to a structured engineering-oriented second phase) would be an actual pilot-scale evaluate the resistance of the channel and program." ERDA's Memorandum #2 declared powe-r plant which, when operational, would electrodes to coal slag. the budget request for FY 1976 adequate for provide system operating experience and op­ While progress in MHD has been note­ expanding current research and development portunity to refine components. worthy, a tremendous amount of work re­ concurrent with initiation of the required The third phase, according to the memo­ mains to be done. Following is a brief dis­ engineering effort. The same memorandum randum, "commences With the construction cussion of four important · areas of develop­ announced plans for construction of a lab­ and ends with the operation of a commer­ ment, each vital to the overall aim of com­ oratory support facility in the spring of cial-scale plant to be completed by the late mercial MHD demonstration. 1976 as the initial step toward preparation 1980's" (emphasis added). More will be said Development of MHD channels should be of a component development and integra­ later concerning the third phase as projected accelerated in the wake of the recent success.., tion fac111ty ( CDIF) . The memorandum pro­ by the memorandum. ful long-duration test of the Mark VI genera­ jected completion of this project in time To implement the strategy described above, tor. An expanded engineering development for a "shakedown" in latter 1977. Dr. Sea­ a Division of MHD has been established program is needed if adequate preparations mans stated that this preUininary work within ERDA to "insure that MHD ls repre­ are to be in place for timely development of would provide experience and data which, sented organizationally at the highest pro­ an engineering test facility (ETF) . Such ac­ when combined with knowledge gained gram level ...". The memorandum justi­ celeration ls justified by the need for the through operation of an extended duration fies a major national effort in MHD develop­ refinement of design techniques which in generator facllity (EDGF), would enable ment by citing dramatic environmental and turn is requisite for yet longer duration test­ finalization of design for construction of an fuel efficiency advantages attainable .through ing. ERDA's proposal for an extended dura­ engineering test facllity (ETF) in conform­ "introduction of MHD power generation on a tion generator facility (EDGF) (as defined ance to Public Law 93-404. Memorandum #2 substantial scale ...": in Memorandum No. 2 referred to supra) is states that the development of a combustor "Conceptual studies of MHD combined generally sound. An important consideration, and a CDIF is of "prime importance" to meet cycles with steam turbines project overall however, is ERDA's vision of locating such a the very stringent requirements of the MHD thermal efficiencies in the range of 48-52 per­ fac111ty completely apart from the site of generator. · cent for the first generation plans. Further combustor development and testing. Since Adherence to Congressional mandate in improvement in the technology could raise combustors must be adaptable to the chan­ rapid MHD development appeared assured this to at least 60 percent which is 50 per- nels they serve, it follows that completely by the images generated through such words. February 18, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3699 In substance, however, the assurance evap­ would produce a savings of 8.82 million tons that the Federal Government does not orates. The FY 1977 budget request contains of coal, or $400 million in 1985 alone. have enough redtape control over the only $37.4 million of the much greater The Subcommittee was responsible in a use of these funds. There is nothing in amount required by such an effort. The re­ major way for initiating a national program this bill to please them. In fact, the funds quest does not contain an estimated $24 in MHD last year. I respectfully urge the in title II would be subject to less Federal million toward construction of the COIF. For Subcommittee to continue that effort this critical preliminary work on the ETF es­ year by authorizing a budget that accelerates control than the funds in the general timated at $10 million, the request contains MHD research and development in all its revenue-sharing program. nothing. I have concluded that such omis... critical aspects. The countercyclical aid program sions may have originated not in ERDA, but Thank you, Mr. Chairman, for your con­ would run for five calendar quarters, in the Office of Management and Budget sideration of these views. Please don't hesi­ starting on April 1, 1976. and would in­ where Congressional imperatives are seem­ tate to contact me if I can clarify any obser­ volve about $1 billion. Most of the money ingly not as keenly felt. vation or request I have made, or if I can will go to big cities. This is called a job I am advised by experts in science and be of service in any way. With best personal wishes, I am opportunities program, but the legisla­ engineering that MHD development can tion, which was written without hearings, occur in conformance to Public Law 93-404 Sincerely, providing that the Executive Branch unites MAX BAUCUS. contains no provisions to assure that itself in the effort. Misgivings within the State and local governments will use the Executive Branch, unfounded on scientific money to create jobs. knowledge and generated by misunderstand­ Thus, at the urging of such groups as ing of the great potential of MHD, have REVENUE SHARING: RIP? the AFL-CIO, the U.S. Conference o:f resulted in administrative dilution of Con­ Mayors, and the National Conference of gress• intent in enactment of Public Law 93'- State Legislatures, an extension of the 404. ERDA's own MHD program exemplifies 5-year, $32 billion general revenue­ this faot in the timetable foreseen for im­ HON. THOMAS N. KINDNESS OF OHIO sharing program has been traded for a plementation of the program's third phase 15-month, $1 billion countercyclical which, according to Memorandum No. 2, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES "ends with operation of commercial-scale aid program. Some of the advocates of plant ... by the late 1980's." Such dilution, Wednesday, February 18, 1976 revenue sharing have helped to create a unless dealt with meaningfully by Congress, Mr. KINDNESS. Mr. Speaker, the convincing excuse for the opponents of establishes a dangerous precedent for further Congress of the United States, in pass­ revenue sharing to do nothing to extend and more sweeping executive adjustments of ing the "Local Public Works Capital the program. the statutory timetable established in Public Development and Investment Act of Thus, they may have "traded their in­ Law 93-404. Will subsequently executive me­ heritance for a mess of pottage." moranda set the goal of commercial demon­ 1975," may have dealt the fatal blow to stration of MHD for the early 1990's, the mid continuation of the general revenue President Ford has once again ex­ 1990's, and the early 2000's? Will further ex­ sharing program. If, in fact, this is the ercised the veto in the interest of com­ ecutive procrastination so delay develop­ case, the misfortune will have been un­ monsense. ment as to nullify the effective use of this intentionally assisted by many 8tate and important technology, rand thus prove that local officials. PSYCHEDELIC FOREIGN POLICY bureaucratic footdragging is a more powerful When the House of Representatives tool than Congressional intent as written in statute? These are questions which the first passed this legislation in May of Subcommittee has every right to examine 1975, it was aimed at providing public HON. RICHARD BOLLING and address. works employment for people in the con­ OF MISSOURI I am advised that ERDA is contemplating struction industry, which is suffering an IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES various means of correcting the budgetary unemployment rate of 24 percent, and Wednesday, February 18, 1976 shortcomings described earlier. I am told that doing it quickly. Congress wlll shortly be apprised of a pro­ The bill was sent on to the Senate, Mr. BOLLING. Mr. Speaker, the edi­ posal that adequately addresses the need which ignored it for many months and torial which follows is from the Wall for prompt completion of a COIF and pre­ Street Journal of Thursday February 12, liminary work on an ETF. I therefore re­ finally passed a bloated version of the spectfully urge the Srubcommittee to give measure. It wasn"t until December of 1976. It describes the problem which con­ any such proposal the closest possible exam­ last year-'-7 months later-that a fronts many of us. We simply cannot ination in order to ensure that rapid parallel House-Senate conference committee rec­ find a coherent message in the foreign development of these important aspects ls ommended a "compromise" bill to both policy statements and actions of the Ford being undertaken. Houses. administration. At this moment, I do not presume to know The "compromise" included the addi­ The article follows: the exact amount appropriate for an FY tion of a title II provision which was [From the Wall Street Journal, Feb. 12, 1976) 1977 MHD authorization. My analysis of devised by the Senate majority to pro­ Review and Outlook ERDA's budget request has centered on the critical omissions which relate to the COIF vide something that people in Washing­ PSYCHEDELIC FOREIGN POLICY and the ETF. I have, however, asked ERDA ton call "counter-cyclical" is supposed to President Ford opened his day Monday at to furnish a carefully constructed estimate mean, roughly, "anti-recessionary", breakfast with reporters, complaining that of the total amount that could be effectively which, intentionally, would take in just the members of Congress "lost their guts" in utilized for MHD in FY 1977 sans budgetary about anything anyone would. want it to refusing covert funds for Angola.. "I think constraints imposed by other quarters of include. In this case, it would mean they will live to regret it." the Executive Branch. I reserve the oppor­ setting up a "mini-revenue sharing pro­ The President closed the day with a speech tunity, with the Subcommittee's permission, gram", triggered by high unemploy­ to a military affairs group, presumably re­ to furnish that information the moment it's sponding to Ronald Reagan's remark that it received. I have also asked ERDA to outline ment in the State or locality, provided might be a good idea not to bargain away its reprogramming ( capabllity with respect national employment remains above 6 the U.S. cruise missile. Mr. Ford complained to cul"rent budget a.UJthorlty and funds on percent. ·about 'warming over the old rhetoric of the hand in order to elevate the priority of ithe l't is this part of the compromise that Cold War." He warned against "fast and fancy COIF and the ETF in conformance to Public may kill the general revenue sharing pro­ gunplay with weapons that can destroy most Law 93-404. I will also furnish this informa­ gram, which must be renewed this year of the human race." tion as soon as possible. if it is to continue. The President and his foreign policy ad­ An examination of past expenditures in Some people believe that killing reve­ visers wonder why their message isn't getting MHD research and development together with through. projections of future costs do not render a nue sharing would be a good thing. I be­ The psychedelic image the President pro­ picture of unreasonable federal outlays 1n lieve that until Federal taxes and Federal jected Monday has become a hallmark-the view of past and present commitments in spending are reduced to a greater ex­ hallmark-of the foreign policy he and Sec­ space technology, weapons research, and de­ tent than they have been-or will be­ retary of State Kissinger have recently been velopment in other worthy energy technolo­ by this Congress, revenue sharing is conducting. They complain that Congress fire the Secretary of Defense for annoying gies. This fact ls especially clear in light needed. Of course, the best form of reve­ nue sharing would be to leave tax dollars Congress with his requests for funds. They of a recent study by the Boston Edison Com­ won't give them funds for defense, but they pany which projects enormous potential sav­ at the State and local level in the first publicly say they're enthusiastic about Daniel ings through MHD. Conversion of just five place. P. Moynihan at the United Nations, but percent of America's electric operating capac­ Many of those who want to kill revenue someone James Reston believes tells him that ity to MHD by 1985, the study concludes, sharing want to do so because they feel privately they "deplore" him. 3700 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 18, 1976 The President goes to Helsinki, defending FORD'S MEDICARE FRAUD other words, the President's plan creates the a document officially recognizing soviet catastrophes for his catastrophic program. gains in World War II as promoting a bit more individual freedom in the Soviet bloc. HON. JAMES C. CORMAN Similarly, the president of the Na­ But he refuses to receive Alexander SOl­ OF CALIFORNIA tional Council of Senior Citizens, Mr. zhenitsyn at the White House. . In reply to Nelson H. Cruikshank, testified: IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES questions about whether the Soviets are It has long been my conviction that the complying with the first strategic arms agree­ Wednesday, February 18, 1976 real measure of the value of insurance is by ments, the Secretary hurls charges of "irre­ how well it covers what happens to most sponsibility" and "demagogy." The first per­ Mr. CORMAN. Mr. Speaker, last week, people. By this measure, the Ford proposal son to raise the questions was the Presi­ February 9-11, the Subcommittee on comes close to zero. dent's friend and personal adviser Melvin Health of the Ways and Means Commit­ Laird. tee held a series of hearings on President Although the need to control health Secretary Kissinger tours Europe to warn Ford's medicare proposal. care costs is well known, it is difficult to our allies against treating with their domes­ Seldom has a congressional committee conceive of a more crude and unrealis­ tic Communist parties. It would be a disas­ received such strong and universal testi­ tic proposal for doing so than that sug­ ter, he warns, if the Italian government got gested by President Ford. too friendly with Communist le·ade·r Enrico mony against a legislative proposal. All of Berllnguer. Then Mr. Kissinger jets off to the witnesses testified in opposition to From the health providers' perspec­ Moscow to deal wit h Communist leader the President's proposal, with the excep­ tive, Mr. John A. McMahon, president of Leonid Brezhnev, and the following events tion of the administration itself. the American Hospital Association, sum­ transpire: Under his medicare proposal, Presi­ marily rejected the medicare proposal, Mr. Brezhnev and Mr. Kissinger appear dent Ford would substantially increase claiming: before reporters, and someone asks whether the patient's out-of-pocket expenses for The President's proposal, if enacted, would Angola will be discussed. Mr. Brezhnev says acute care with some "catastrophic" lim­ threaten the continued viability of the na­ no and Mr. Kissinger says yes. Mr. Bre~hnev its on personal liability and to arbitrarily tion's hospitals and, in fact, would impair says, "You'll discuss it with Sonnenfeldt. health care delivery. That will insure complete agreement." State limit providers' reimbursement. Department Counselor Helmut SOnnenfeldt The medicare patient would be re­ The American Medical Association, is Mr. Kissinger's top aide on Russia and quired to pay, beyond the hospital care represented by Dr. Raymond T. Holden, strategic arms. deductible of $104, 10 percent of all hos­ Chairman of its Board of Trustees, During the negotiations, Mr. Brezhnev pital and skilled nursing charges up to a stated: suddenly asks for Mr. Sonnenfeldt's wrist­ maximum of $500 a year. This provision . . . the proposed changes would not only watch. He appropriates the gold Omega would replace the current cost-sharing be impractical, but would also be inherently watch, returning his own aluminum pocket structure under which the patient pays unfair to all parties concerned. Unfortu­ watch. When Mr. Sonnenfeldt protests, Mr. the $104 deductible for the first 60 days nately, the unfairness . . . would be espe­ Brezhnev produces a stainless, steel watch, of hospital care, and if in the unusual cially hard upon the beneficiaries of the and for good measure throws in a promise Medicare program. to exchange watches again sometime in the situation of requiring extended treat­ future. On the way back from Moscow, some­ ment, the patient pays a relatively rea­ Dr. Holden later elaborated: one on the Kissinger plane tells reporters this sonable daily copayment for the dura­ Mr. Chairman, to impose such arbitrary story to prove what a jolly good fellow Mr. tion of covered days. A very small num­ limits on only one segment of the economy Brezhnev is. ber of hospital insurance enrollees have and then to expect a continuation of bene­ In private Mr. Kissinger frequently com­ hospital stays in excess of 75 days, that ficiary satisfaction for having benefits paid plains that all of Western civilization is is, the point at which they would now by Medicare (as promised by the program) is confused, has lost its will and is in a state have to pay $500 or more for care. naive. The health care sector of our society of decline. Congress hampers an effective cannot operate in a vacuum. It is subject t<> foreign policy at home, and the politics of The President would also have us in­ the same costs of living and costs of doing our allies are even worse. There is of course crease the cost of the medical insurance business as is any other segment of society. some justice in these complaints, and even by immediately boosting the part B de­ It cannot be expected to provide high qual­ in this assessment of the West. But especially ductible by 28 percent, from $60 to $77, ity care while having reimbursement limited given the past volatili;ty of American atti­ and authorizing future automatic in­ to unrealistic levels. tudes toward foreign policy, it is far too creases related to social security cost-of­ early to conclude that the recent decline living increases. In addition, r .e would With actual increases in the providers' could not be reversed by coherent leader­ costs expected to exceed these 4- and 7- ship. And considering the leadership image have the patient begin to pay 10 percent percen t limits because of such expenses Washington now projects, who can blame of the charges for hospital-based physi­ as malpractice insurance premiums and Congress, our allies and the American people cian services. Patients would have to employee salaries, the probable result is for their confusion? pay these new costs on top of the exist­ that hospitals will pass on larger rate Now, we would hope that forging a coher­ ing coinsurance of 20 percent of "reason­ increases to nonmedicare patients and ent image in Washington would not neces­ able" charges up to a personal liability physicians will surcharge the patients. sarily involve some kind of "hate Russia" of $250 a year. Currently, a patient would campaign. Doubtless the right policy is a need total physician bills of $1,010 to There is particular concern that the combination of carrot and. stick. For ex­ benefit under the President's $250 pro­ President's recognition of only 4-percent ample, while we see nothing wrong with posed ceiling. annual increases in physicians' reimburs­ some financial aid to anti-Communists in For the medicare providers, he seeks to able fees will dramatically worsen the Angola, that nation is important far less in impose arbitrary and artificial limits on already declining percentage of medicare itself than in the context of our central rela­ claims submitted under the assignment tionship with Russia. It is in that context increases in reimbursable charges of 7 billing method. that the chief U.S. reaction should come: percent for hospitals and 4 percent for Stop visiting Moscow to banter with Brezh­ physicians. currently, a physician may assign his nev, publicly cut off a few technology con­ In response to the President's overalJ medicare claim and accept the calculated tracts, and tell Congress that since the Rus­ proposal Mr. Bert Seidman of the AFL­ "reasonable" charge as full payment or sians are behaving badly we need more CIO said: directly bill the patient and charge above money not for Angola but for the Pentagon. The President stated in his State of the the "reasonable" amount. When the pa­ Until a cohe.rent message comes from Union Message that 3 million persons would tient is billed directly, he must pay the Washington, Congress, our allies and the receive benefits under his catastrophic health difference between total charges and the people cannot be expected to respond. A plan for Medicare. What the President didn't "reasonable" amount as well as the usual policy of Cold War they could understand. A say was that under existing law only a 20-percent coinsurance. As a result, it is policy of appeasement they could under­ miniscule proportion of the roughly 25 mil­ not unusual for the patient to pay, in stand. A sensible carrot and stick, in our lion beneficiaries would benefit from his plan. For example, perhaps 50,000 benefici­ effect, a coinsurance as high as 30 or 40' opinion, they would understand well. But aries would reach the eligibility limits for percent. who can understand a policy of bombarding his hospital catastrophic plan. What his pro­ The steady decline in the acceptance them with psychede.Uc images and then com­ posal would do is increase the cost burdens of assignment billing, now less than 52 plaining that their minds are addled and on the elderly and disabled to such an extent percent of all medicare claims, has been a. their will is sapped? that 3 m1llion of them would be eligible. In major shortcoming of the program's cov- February 18, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3701 erage and a source of deepening bene­ The health of all Americans is a national quire a tremendous amount of energy to ficiary dissatisfaction. responsibility. The very existence of Medicare be produced. and Medicaiid were the first steps toward I concur with the statement of Mr. meeting the responsibility. Additionally, in our modem times, we Robert M. Ball, the former Commissioner Instead of improving and building on these appear to have adopted a "throw-away" of Social Security under whom the programs-toward national health insur­ attitude. Durability and · quality have medicare program was implemented: ance-Ford would reduce federal respon­ been substituted with a belief that ar­ I believe it would be desirable to add cata­ sibility. That won't do. ticles can be discarded and replaced strophic protection to the Medicare program As a result of national economic condi­ cheaply. Although the fad of recycling and pay the full bills of those who have the tions, too many Americans can't afford cans, bottles, and newspapers was at its largest expenses. Al though the change affects health care. Only the federal government, peak a few years ago, I suspect that most relatively few people, catastrophic insurance with its resources and taxing ability, can Americans have gone back earlier guaranteeing that no one had to pay more ensure that every citizen has the chance to than $500 a year under Part A of Medicare, for adequate health care. times of simply throwing these materials or $250 a year in Part B of Medicare is a Medicaid, the federal-state program pro­ in the garbage heap. desirable addition to the program and, in my viding health services for the poor, is one of Mr. Speaker, whether or not most of opinion, should be enacted. 16 federal health programs that Ford would us would like to believe it, we are still It does not seem to me to be necessary, consolidate into one bloc grant. The idea is in an "energy crisis." Taking steps to however, to take the bad with the good. The to give states the flexibility to meet their reduce our energy demand is, or should other ... proposals which the President respective health needs. be, a very important part of our daily makes seem to me unsound and unwise, and Currently, states pay up to 50% of ti:e lives. together constitute a major decrease in the Medicaid cost (in California, the program is protection which Medicare beneficiaries now known as Medi-Cal), with the level of fed­ For this reason, I would like to call to enjoy. eral aid based on per-capita income. That my colleagues' attention the following means rich, industrial states-California article which appeared in the New York I would like to conclude this brief sum­ and New York, for example-get more money Times. It provides some rather interest­ mary of the public's response to the than poor, rural states. ing ideas on how we can reduce our President's medicare proposal with a Ford would redistribute federal funds on energy demand, and is well worth the perceptive editorial on the President's the basis of per-capita income, taxing effort reading. health policies from the February 6, 1976, and low-income population. That would be The article follows: a more equitable formula. But all the ele­ Los Angeles Times: [From the New York Times, Feb. 12, 1976} HEALTH CARE IS SICK ments of his proposal don't add up to more equity. REDUCING THE ENERGY DEMAND The two government programs, Medicare The states, for example, would not have to (By R. Stephen Berry) and MecUcaid, that provide health care for contribute to Medicaid. That invites cut­ 50 million aged and poor Americans are as CHICAGO.-While industry and government backs. State governments, already hard search for ways to increase energy supply, expensive as they a.re imperfect. pressed for money, have begun to limit Med­ President Ford's proposed revisions hold policies for reducing energy demand lag ica.id services and eligibility. sadly. Our reluctance arises partly from fear out the promise of increased health protec­ High unemployment translates into higher tion and equity in the distribution of bil­ of the consequences of reduced energy use. welfare rolls and more Medicaid patients. The which is due in turn to a lack of under­ lions of federal dollars. problems resulting in increased Medicaid There is some truth to his promise, but standing of how reductions in energy demand costs are not caused by the states, and can't can be achieved. also cynicism and callousness. Ford wants to be solved by the states. save money, and would by shifting the finan­ Whether we contemplate complete inde­ Ford's proposal is designed to limit the pendence of imported oil or a more balanced cial burden to citizens least able to pay. That federal government's financial responsibility is bad poHtics and bad leadership. way of responding to energy scarcity, re­ for the health care of the poor. Rather than ducing energy demand must be part of our Ford should addTess the rising cost of reduce its commitment, the federal govern­ health c·are. For him to stop at that-without energy program. Higher fuel prices alone ment might instead assume the states' fi­ make this a logical necessity, even with new addressing the quality of service and the nancial commitment. That would truly en­ unmet needs-is a sham. · energy sources. sure equity. Energy from new sources will cost more With Medicare, for example, Ford proposes The Medicaid program is not a model of to give the aged and disabled in the pro­ than what we formerly paid for oil or what equity. Under federal law, those eligible for we now pay for energy from coal and natural gram what he calls "catastrophic" protec­ welfare are eligible for Medicaid. The states tion. Medicare particip1mts would pay $500 gas. The policy question is not whether per­ set welfare benefits and, so, Medicaid bene­ capita energy demand will diminish-it will. maximum a year for hospital costs. fits and eligibility standards vary from state The principal is sound and decent, but the The questions are how might we reduce to state. energy demand, how our choices will affect proposal would hurt more than it would help. A few states provide more than the re­ As Medicare now works, a patient would the way we all live, and whether some options. quired minimum. California and New York, deserve extra stimulation by government. have to be hospitalized for more than 75 days for example, would get less federal aid under to be liable for the $500. The average hos­ We can identify and evaluate long lTsts Ford's .proposal. They would be penalized of possibilities for energy savings using a. pital stay curTently is 12 d·ays. A Medicare because they are rich and generous. beneficiary now pays $104 until the 61st day tool called an engineering production func­ The nation's welfare system needs reform, tion or more generally, energy analysis. This of hospitalization. For days 61 through 90, an issue Ford ignores. But his Medicaid plan the daily cost is $26. tells us how our energy requirements-and would only compound the injustice and ir­ all other resource requirements-would According to the House Ways and Means rationality of welfare. subcommittee of health, Ford's "cata­ change if we switched from one practice to One reason for the enactment of Medi­ another. strophic" protection would increase benefits care and Medicaid in 1965 was the failure for one-half of one percent of Medicare par­ of the states to meet health needs of the We now know one fact for sure: No single ticipants. aged and poor. Ford's proposals would be a change will m9.ke a very large dent in the In his State of the Union message, the step backward. so-called national energy budget-that is, President said tha.t few Americans can afford the annual 'total consumption of primary to pay medical bills resulting from cata­ energy (fossil and nuclear fuel and hydro­ strophic illnesses. "We must eliminate this electric energy). The aggregated data are fear from every family," he said. The Medi­ REDUCING OUR ENERGY DEMAND compiled by the Bureau of the Census in care proposal is a crawl rather than a step in its censuses of manufacturers, mineral in­ the right direction. dustries and the general population. Another aspect of the Medicare proposal HON. SHIRLEY N. PETTIS We get a feeling for the largest possible would limit hospital cost increases to 7% and OF CALIFORNIA effect an alteration could have, if pushed doctors' fee increases to 4% for health-care IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to its theoretical limit, by evaluating the providers reimbursed by the p:r:ogram. example of doubling the average number of The federal government might as well wave Wednesday, February 18, 1976 passengers in automobiles from 1.5 to 3. a magic wand. Hospitals either will refuse Mrs. PE'ITIS. Mr. Speaker, most This is illustrative because transportation Medicare patients or, more likely, pass along Americans do not realize how much is such a large factor in the national energy the rest of the cost to private patients. Doc­ budget-about 25 per cent-with passenger tors can bill pa.tients directly. That means energy is consumed for "their conven­ automobiles contributing about half of that. patients will have to pay what Medicare ience." Most of us take for granted such Doubling the load would reduce the total won't pay. The federal government may save convenience items as instant coffee and budget by just over 6 percent. This then money, but health-care costs won't be con­ tea precooked and frozen foods, or would represent a. large reduction in the trolled. col~r-fast textiles. All of these items re- budget; probably more than we dare expect 3702 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 18, 1976 from a single change. Doubling the average THE TAX REDUCTION THAT WASN'T if her father was dead or her name was gasoline mileage would accomplish the same Gonzales we -could probably get some aid. saving, so long as we use cars as we do now. One friend of mine suggested we apply for a This could happen, but only over the ten HON. WILLIAM L. ARMSTRONG loan and then simply renig (sic) on it as most years required to retire the present fleet. OF COLORADO people do. Fortunately, there are many other ways My son will be entering college this quarter to reduce energy demand. Recycling all the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES (in fact he has been at the local community steel cans used each year would save nearly Wednesday, February 18, 1976 college nights while finishing his high 0.15 percent of the budget--not much, it school since the first of the year) . I do not seems, until we translate that saving into Mr. ARMSTRONG. Mr. Speaker, after believe that having two of them in school at eight 500-mega.wa.tt power plants that we all the hue and cry about tax reductions one time wm assist us any with financial aid. would not need (based on the estimated 1975 and the jockeying for position between He wlll go to school two years here in Colo­ national energy budget). the President and Congress, I would like rado, but will have to go to the University Recycling all the paper used each year to point out a disturbing fact. A large of Arizona to get his degree in his chosen could, in principle, save about 0.3 percent number of Coloradans are still facing in­ field. This cost will be staggering since we are of the budget annually, equivalent to sixteen creased personal income taxes-and out of state (it looks now like $4,000 per 500-megawatt plants. Recycling all the ca.rs year). retired each year would reduce the budget after the blizzard of press releases and Mr. Armstrong, I am very discouraged with almost twice that much, about 0.56 percent. media coverage, they want to know why. this whole thing. Please don't tell me to ar­ And these figures include the energy re­ I think the following letter from a con­ range to pre-pay most of my taxes, or seek quired to collect and reprocess the used stituent outlines the problems facing personal loans for education, I know this materials. Recycling plastics could offer middle Amer~cans across the country. stuff. It would be like putting a band-aid on significant savings, but only 1f each kind of These are the people who pay for Gov­ a cancer. My feelings at this time are to · plastic is separated from the rest--and the ernment, who pay for social programs quit my job, have my husband disappear technology to do this is only now being many of them cannot use, who are dis­ and go on welfare and aid to dependent developed. mayed and disappointed by the sky­ children. Then we could get all the help we Occasionally recycling is not a useful way need. I guess the climax of this whole to reduce energy demand. Glass containers rocketing cost of Government. ridiculous thing ca.me a few days ago when offer significant savings by reuse, but only When they get raises to combat infla­ I was in line at the grocery store with ham­ small payoffs by recycling. Figures from the tion, the Government takes a bigger bite berger (sic) and hot dogs in my basket and University of Illinois imply that reusing all from their paycheck, thanks to the grad­ the lady in front of me had gorgeous steak the glass bottles and jars in America about uated income tax, and unless they receive and was paying for them with food stamps. siX times would reduce the national energy really substantial pay increases, they are Your advice and council (sic) at this time budget about 0.2 percent, equivalent to nine worse off this year than last. would be greatly appreciated. power plants. So I would like to commend this Respectfully, But recycling those glass containers would thought-provoking letter to your atten­ save only the energy required to make the tion: caustic soda used in manufacture of new ENGLEWOOD, COLO., glass, netting only about one-tenth as much. February 3, 1976. CUBAN INTERVENTION IN ANGOLA Recycling glass might be a good thing, but Mr. WILLIAM ARMSTRONG, not because of its impact on the budget. House of Representatives, By making manufactured goods last longer, Washington, D.C. we can reduce energy demand. In the un­ HON. ALPHONZO BELL DEAR MR. ARMSTRONG: This is the first time OF CALIFORNIA likely event that we make the average car I have ever been compelled to write my Con­ last three times the present 10-yea.r average, gressman, but I am so shocked at what has IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES we would reduce the budget by about 1.1 been happening to my family this past year Wednesday, February 18, 1976 percent (after including the energy required that I felt I must share it with you. for replacement parts,), equivalent to about My husband is employed by and Mr. BELL. Mr. Speaker, as many of us 46 500-megawatt power plants. I am employed by ----- here in Denver. who opposed the Senate amendment to we can reduce the demand for primary Last year our combined income was $24,698 cut off aid to pro-Western forces in fuels by using waste paper and plastic (but and we had to pay an additional $201.00 in­ Angola had predicted, we have in recent not polyvinyl chloride) in place of coal or come tax to the Federal Government. This, oil, as fuel. After all, paper and plastic, like after the normal payroll deductions of some weeks seen the Angola nation fall to coal and oil, contain trapped solar energy $4,000.00. The $24,698 is no great shakes in pro-Communist forces. that can be released by combustion. If we this area, because, as you well know, "It is a To a large degree, the pro-Communist used all our waste paper and plastic as fuel privilege to live in Denver" as one of our successes in Angola depended on Cuban to generate heat and power, we would dimin­ newspapers tells us everyday, but it is also military forces, which now number ap­ ish the budget by about 0.28 percent. More very expensive to live in Denver. proximately 12,000 in that African important, this substitution could supply al­ Now the shocker. Last night we did our nation. most 3 percent of the budget. income tax for 1975. In 1975 our combined If all the cement in the United States were income was $25,526 o.,: an increase of $828. These Cuban troops not only partici­ made by the dry process, instead of some by However, this year we owed the Federal Gov­ pated in the fighting there, but actually dry and some by the wet process, the net ernment (in addition to some $4,000 already waged a number of the battles. reduction in the budget would be 0.12 per­ paid) $484.00. This in a year of reduced (or In that connection, I recommend to cent. This change ls feasible but exemplifies so we were led to believe) taxes. I do not the attention of my colleagues in the the problem of a long phase-out time that understand it. More than half of our in­ Congress an article by Don Oberdorfer retards the change-over. creased salaries was taken by taxes. Our prop­ from this morning's Washington Post. Supplying water would demand more erty tax was increased $150.00. There were Mr. Oberdorfer expresses a concern energy. To compensate declining availability, several utility increases in this past year plus we should reduce demand, use more energy­ the normal cost of living which encompassed. shared by many of us over the _growing intensive processes to obtain "new" water us all. In other words, the increase in salary possibility that the Angola Cuban mili­ and reuse that water more than before. Pro­ which we thought we had received had been tary force might now be used elsewhere viding for our water needs now requires consumed and we more than likely have in Africa, or in other parts of the world. about 4 percent of the budget. If we are fallen behind. The complete text of Mr. Oberdorfer's forced to desalinate on a large scale, supply­ My daughter is in her first year at the article follows: ing water .will become one of the energy­ University of Northern Colorado. When our (From the Washington Post, Feb. 18, 1976] intensive sectors of the economy, demand­ children were very small, we took out an ing 10 percent or more of the budget. endowment policy on both of them for their CUBAN INTERVENTION IN ANGOLA INTRIGUES Thus, apart from problem sectors such as education. It wasn't very much, but it was WORLD CAPITALS water, we see many areas where energy sav­ all we could afford at the time, with con­ (By Don Oberdorfer) ings could be made, and the upper limits to stantly rising college costs, now, 18 years Early last September five merchant ships the savings that could be achieved. Most are later, we have enough to see them through loaded with Cuban troops, weapons and am­ tenths of a percent of the budget. But we one year. So we applied for financial assist­ munition sailed from Cuban ports on a 6,000- are finding hundreds of such savings in all ance. We were declined for Federal, State and mUe voyage across the equatorial Atlantic to the major energy-using sectors. And a 100 work study on the grounds that "we make the continent of Africa. Their mission: to tip tenths of a percent ls 10 percent. In other too much money." My daughter brought the scales of civil war in Angola. words, it is within our grasp to achieve a home a book from the financial aid oftlce on Three weeks later, around the first of Octo­ significant reduction in energy demand, scholarships which was about 1" thick. In ber, some of the ships arrived in the old easily more than 10 percent of the national this entire book there was one she could coffee port of Porto Amboim south of the energy budget, by small adjustments that apply for and that wasn't until her junior Angolan capita.I. Others landed at the Con­ only slightly affect our way of living. year. Her assessment of the book was that golese port of Pointe Noire to the north. February 18, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3703 About the same time Cubana Airlines plane.a In his Jan. 16 interview with Milan's Cor­ its foreign policy" to mend relations. He said began ferrying Cuban army "volunteers" riere Della Sera, Castro said Cuba had been it is "impossible" for Cuba to refrain from across the Atlantic on their way to battle in aiding the Angolan "liberation movement" aid to countries such as Angola which are at­ Angola. for 10 years. Indications are this aid included tacked by "Fascism, racism and imperialism." By the end of October at least 4,000 Cuban instructors in Communist organization and In view of the situation on the g.round in troops had landed or were on their way in a tactics, Cuban style, and training of a few Angol,a, Castro's decisions to intervene-like steady stream of ships and planes, according Angolan leaders in Cuba. those of the United States in Vietnam-may to U.S. estimates. By the end of the year the The Soviet Union had been supplying some have been taken step by step rather than all number had grown to 7,500. Last week the arms to Angola's MPA since 1957, according at once. While the flow of Cuban troops re­ Cuban troop commitment to Angolar-no to U.S. reports. China began supporting a portedly did not slacken once it had begun, longer growing but not yet diminishing rival independence faction, the FLNA (Na­ some U.S. officials believe Castro may not either-was estimated at 12,000 men, about tional Front for the Liberation of Angola), in have intended initially to send 12,000 men, one-eighth of Cuba's standing army. 1973 with military advisers and some equip­ but was led by circumstance to increase his The Cuban intervention, which turned the ment. The United States had given secret investment. tide of battle in Angola, is an extraordinary subsidies since the early 1960s to FLNA Sometime in August South African troops event in post-war history. There is little leader Holden Roberto. As Portugal prepared crossed the Angol'an border to protect power precedent for it in the past behavior of either to pull out of its Angolan territory by last plants serving South African-controlled Latin American or Communist countries. Nov. 11, the struggle between factions and Namibia. Late in October the South Africans Some believe it will turn out to be an iso­ their international backers intensified. intervened on a full-scale basis, moving into lated episode, while others believe it will be­ Fighting broke out between rival groups south central Angola. They soon clashed with gin a new phase in the cold war. Seldom has last March, becoming more serious in the Cuban regulars in a series of pitched battles. a military operation involving a limited num­ spring and summer. According to Cuba's The United states then increased its covert ber of regular troops raised so many ques­ deputy prime minister, Carlos Rafael Rod­ aid to pro-U.S. Angolan factions. The Soviet tions in world capitals about motive, inten­ riguez, Cuba sent 230 military advisers late Union redoubled its sharply increasing sup­ tions and potential consequences. last spring at the request of the MPLA leader, ply of military equipment. Until recent weeks the circumstances and Dr. Antonio Agostinho Neto. They set up U.S. officials said the Cubans brought some significance of the Cuban intervention was four training centers for Angolan fighters, of their equipment with them by sea and air, overshadowed in this country by the bruising Rodriguez said. and acquired other gear-including most debate between the executive branch and It was in early June, according to U.S. tanks, 122mm rockets and other heavy wea.p­ Congress on Angolan aid. Moreover, President sources, that the MPLA delegation visited ons--from Soviert supply lines in Africa. The Ford and Secretary of State Henry A. Kissin­ Moscow in an unsuccessful attempt to ob­ American belief is that Russia agreed to ger placed most of their emphasis on con­ tain direct Soviet involvement in the An­ replenish any weapons, ammunition or other demning the Soviet Union with lesser em­ golan struggle. Sometime the same month a supplies expended from Cuban stocks. phasis on the Cuban "proxy army." Cuban mission including a member of the , The turning point of the Angolan civil war Though the Soviet role in supplying mm­ Communist Party central committee with ca.me Dec. 19 in Washington, when the U.S. tary equipment and some troop transporta­ military responsibilities met the MPLA's Senate voted to bar further covert a.id to tion remains important, there is growing at­ chief, U.S. reports said. It is surmised-but American-backed factions. China had already tention in Washington to the role of the not established-that Cuban intervention begun to withdraw its a.id, evidently on Cubans. State Department officials in the was discussed. grounds that the anti-Soviet forces could Latin American field now argue that the (In Washington about the same time the not win. imeptus for the Angolan intervention came United States sharply increased support to A month after the U.S. decision, South more from Cuba than from Russia. Kissinger its insurgents. The report of the HousEi In­ African troops began to pull back, leaving ls reported to accept this view in private. telligence Committee said the CIA prepared the Cubans free to move against the remain­ The theory of Cuban initiative is backed up a proposal last June for $6 million to pro­ ing African forces and groups of mercer­ by a report that a mission from the Moscow­ American elements in Angola, which was ap­ naries with relative impunity. oriented MPLA (Popular Movement for the proved in revised form as a $14 million pro­ Early in January, following the U.S. con­ Liberation of Angola) was given a chilly re­ gram by President Ford and the Forty Com­ gressional decision, Soviet Ilr-62 transports ception in the Soviet capital last June in its mittee of the National Security Council in with Russian pilots began ferrying additional search for military help. Some versions of July.) Cuban troops nonstop a.cross the Atlantic to the report say the MPLA was referred to the The timing of Castro's decision to send Angola. This airlift became necessary as the Cubans for possible help. In any case, Amer­ ground troops to Angola is not definitely United states managed to deny Cuban planes ican officials familiar with the available evi­ known, and ls the subject of some debate the use of most of the third-country refuel­ dence do not believe that the Cubans were in U.S. government circles. Working back ing points which previously had been used by "pressured" by Moscow into furnishing men from the departure of ships in the first week the short-range CUban airplanes. for the Angolan battlefields. of September it seems likely that Castro's Some 4,500 Cuban troops are reported to Silent about Cuban intervention during its decision could not have been later than late have been sent to Angola during January. early months Premier Fidel Castro has be­ July or early August. By mid-August, accord­ At ·the same time, the Russians augmented come increasingly vocal as his troops met ing to a U.S. report, regular troops in Cuba $200 m1111on in mmtary equipment with $100 with battlefield success. In an interview with were being convassed for volunteers willing million more, according to an estimate made an Italian journalist Jan. 16, Castro was to fight in Angola. public by Kissinger. "Cuba scored a mllita.ry quoted as saying his troops will continue to The mid-summer of 1975 was notable as victory, backed by the Soviet Union. Almost fight "as long as the government of the Peo­ the high point of a developing rapproche­ all of the fighting was done by Cuban forces," ple's Republic of Angola wants this." Castro, ment between Cuba and the United States. KissingM said last week. his government and the Communist Party In late July the United States had voted As of late last week, there was no indica­ organ Granma, declared last month that with the majority in the Organization of tion that the Cubans had begun to withdraw Cuba sent troops in response to a request American States to lift the political sanctions from the Angolan battlefield, and there was from the Angolan MPLA fa.;ction, described against longstanding economic e.nd political increasing speculation in Washington about in Cuban accounts as "the legitimate govern­ sanctions against Cuba. Cuba responded by the future. Having installed the MPLA as ment" of the contested African state. returning $2 million in ranson paid for a winner of the Angolan civil war, Cuban An official Cuban note to the United Na­ hijacked airliner three years before. The forces may find it d111lcult to withdraw tions in late January maintained its troops United States in l,a.te August lifted a ban on quickly. Some American officials believe were sent only after South African forces exports to Cuba for foreign subsidaries of Cuba is likely to leave large numbers of ad­ launched a major drive into the heartland of U.S. firms. There was widespread talk of visers and a substantial military presence. Angola Oct. 23. Castro reportedly gave this further moves leading to restoration of But if Cuban regulars rema.in to hold the version to visiting Canadian Prime Minister relations. cities and strategic points, they may well be­ Pierre Elliott Trudeau in Havana recently. Within months this movement would be come objects of ambush and attack from The chain of events as reconstructed by stopped short by the Angolan intervention. guerrillas of riv,al African factions who are American officials contradicts this explana­ Some State Department experts believe regrouping in the bush. Castro may not have been ready for full bi­ A posslb111ty of growing concern ls that tion, however. la.ter,al relations, including the risks accom­ Cuban forces now in Angola might be used The Cuban intervention, surprising as it panying a U.S. presence. Others believe a elsewhere in Africar-perhaps against neigh­ was to most of the world, arose from a long desire to improve U.S. relations was out­ boring Zaire or Zambia, 1n the French­ background of involvement with Africa. As weighted by an allegiance to the Communist Soma.U.a.n dispute in Djibouti, or the little Castro has noted, African blood runs abun­ ca.mp, dependence on the Soviet Union, desert war between Algeria. and Morocco in dantly through the veins of many Cubans. a.spir,a.tlons as leader of the Third World and the Spa.n1sh Sa.hara.. Cuba has provided advisers and small-scale long standing ties to the Angol·an insurgents. A Ukelier possiblllty might be a CUba.n­ assistance for more than a decade to a va­ Castro himself later declared that the pos­ backed move against South Africas Namibia riety of African countries and independence sibility of full relations with the United colony just a.cross the Angola border, leading movements. In 1965 the guerrilla hero, Er­ States never did exist because Washington's to eventual assault on South Africa itself. nesto (Che) Guevara reportedly fought for asking price was too high. In the Italian in­ The intervention tn Angola 1s not univer­ a time with insurgents in the Congo. terview he said "Cuba is asked to renounce sally approved in CUba., where reports of 3704 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 18, 1970 casualties have seeped through censorship BOARD FOR INTERNATIONAL to endorse RFE-accreditations under its na­ and media. control. The idea that tiny Cuba BROADASTING, tional quota. In view of these facts, we has undertaken a job as a world policeman­ 1030 FIFTEENTH STREET NW .• strongly urge you and your fellciw members whatever the rhetoric of the government and Washington, D.O., February 10, 1976. of the International Olympic Committee to party~might not be popul·ar with the Cuban Telegram To: restore RFE credentials to the Innsbruck masses. There is no hint from Castro that he Lord Killanin, President, International Olympics and to insure that no similar con­ plans to continue military a.otions in Africa, Olympic Committee; troversy, fomented by a small group of states but neither is there a promise to withdr.aw. Willy Daumer, First Vice President, Inter­ for political reasons, is permitted to mar the Some 25,000 Brazilian troops Joined the naitonal Olympic Committee; summer Olympics at Montreal and hinder allied fight in Italy in World War II and a Juan Antonio Sam.a.ranch, Second Vice the free flow of information. 1,000-man Colombian battalion showed the President, International Olympic Committee; With Deepest Respect, flag with the U.S. side in Korea. Otherwise ;Major Silvio de Magalhaes Padil1a, Third DAVID M. ABsHmE, Chairman, Latin Americans have not fought and died Vice President, International Olympic Com­ U.S. Board for International Broadcasting. on other continents. There is no precedent mittee; for Latin forces undertaking an overseas Mohammed Mzaalli, International Olympic [From the Washington Post, Thursday, fight on their own inittative. Nor ts there Committee; Feb. 12, 1976] a precedent for a meshing of Soviet equip­ James Worrall, International Olympic OLYMPICS REJECT U.S. RFE ment and national Communist fighters in Committee; major battle thousands of miles from the Masaji Kiyokawa, International Olympic. (By Richard M. Weintraub} territory of either one. Committee; The International Olympic Committee has Whatever its future, the Cuban intention Julian K. Roosevelt, United States Mem­ banned Radio Free Europe from covering the in Angola is the object of intense interest on ber, International Olympic Committee; Winter Olympics, in Innsbruck, Austria,. several continents. In .a world beset with Philip Crum, President, U.S. Olympic leading a U.S. government agency to charg& conflict, it is something new under the sun. Committee; that the move was "fomented" by East Euro­ Don Miller, Executive Director, U.S. pean nations and violated last year's Helsinki Olympic Committee. agreement. Innsbruck, Austria Lord Kmanin, roe president, said this As chairman of the United States Board for week that the controversial American-sup­ CENSORSHIP AT INNSBRUCK International Broadoasting, I protest most ported radio station which broadcasts to energetically the withdrawal of Olympic Eastern Europe was banned because "we do­ press accreditations from the Radio Free not want the Olympic games to be used for HON. CLEMENT J. ZABLOCKI Europe news team and urge you to take propaganda." When RFE was originally OF WISCONSIN speedy action to restore these credentials. banned last week at the beginning of the games, the Olympic committee cited "tech­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Our board, appointed by the President of the United States and confirmed by the nical" reasons only. Wednesday, February 18, 1976 United States Senate, was created in 1973 It is thought to be the first time that the by law to grant Federal funds to Radio Free roe has banned a news medium from the Mr. ZABLOCKI. Mr. Speaker, like Europe and oversee its broadcast activities, Games, whioh are being covered by about many of my colleagues, I was shocked after a finding by the Congress of the United 1,700 journalists from scores of news orga­ by-and deplore-the recent decision by States that Radio Free Europe and Radio nizations' including Communist and Third the International Olympic Committee to Liberty further the open communication of World nations. withdraw the press accreditations from information and ideas, thereby contributing RFE has covered previous· Olympic Games.. the Radio Free Europe news team at to international peace a.nd stability. Our including those in 1968 and 1972 when the Innsbruck. This action represents, in the board continuously, and the Congress in Soviet Union lodged protests with the annual authorization and approprlations Olympic Committee. words of the New York Times, "a dis­ hearings, have reviewed the activities of The station had been accredited by the graceful capitulation to Soviet press'dr,e;" Radio Free Europe and found it a professional Austrian Olympic Committee and the ban it is also in direct violation of the final news and information service of the highest by the roe c.ame just before the opening act of the Conference on Security and integrity. Less than a year ago, the Congress of the Games. Cooperation in Europe--the so-called of the United States after extensive hearings In a telegram to Lord KiUanin and others,. Helsinki accord. passed the authori~ation and appropriation on the Olympic Committee, David Abshire, Adding insult to injury, the President legislation for our board and the radios the chairman of RFE's supervisory body, the without a single recorded dissent. The appro­ Board for International Broadcasting, of the International Olympic Committee priation constituted a 30 percent increase, charged that the current controversy was is quoted as having stated that the RFE reflecting the conviction of a broad coali­ "fomented by a small group of states for ban was imposed because "we do not tion of liberals and conservatves in both political reasons". want the Olympic games to be used for Houses of Congress that the news, informa­ Abshire said that a Soviet and~rn propaganda." The implication is that tion and ideas broadcast by Radio Free European challenge to RFE credentials was by comparison, Tass, the official Soviet Europe and Radio Liberty contri·bute effec­ "in direct violation of" the European se­ news agency, along with radio and tele­ tively to detente and international under­ curity conference document signed at. v1s1on representatives from Eastern standing among peoples. Helsinki this past summer. Radio Free Europe sports reporters have Radio Free Europe, which broadcasts from European countries, are engaged ex­ been covering Olympic games since 1952, Munich, West Germany, to five Eastern Euro­ clusively in factual reporting of events. and the International Olympic Committee pean countries has been under frequent at­ Nothing, or course, could be further decisively rejected Soviet challenges to RFE tack in the Soviet and East European press from the truth. credentials at Mexico City in 1968 and Munich in recent weeks on the basis that its broad­ Radio Free Europe sports reporters in 1972. RFE Broadcasts of those Olympics casts are propagandistic and a violation of have been covering Olympic games since we·re thoroughly professional and nonpolit­ the spirit of Helsinki." 1952, in a highly professional and non­ ical, as were the broadcasts of the World Just before the Olympic committee de­ Football Cup in Munich in 1974 and numer­ cision on RFE's credentials was announced, political manner, and previous challenges ous other international sports events to a Czechoslovak who had worked for RFE for to RFE credentials have been decisively which RFE has been accredited. several years, charged in Prague that the rejected by the IOC. This action is, there­ In our view, the challenge by the Soviet radio was still a haven for agents of the Cen­ fore, a step backward from the principle Union and other Warsaw Pact Representa­ tral Intelligence Agency. RFE denied the of freer communication among nations. tives to RFE credentials at Innsbruck is in charge. Mr. Speaker, the case for Radio Free direct violation of the final act of the Con­ Radio Free Europe and its companion op­ Europe and against this unwarranted ference on Security and Cooperation in eration, Radio Liberty, were secretly financed Europe, which pledges the stgnatories to by the CIA for a number of years until the and highly prejudicial action is aptly "Favor coope.ration among public or private, connection was revealed in 1971. Since then. summarized in the following telegram national or international ~adio and TV orga­ the U.S. government has created the Boa.rd to the IOC from Dr. David Abshire, nizations" and in which the signatories for International Broadcasting to supervise Chairman of the Board for International "Note the expansion in the dissemination of the operations of the radios. Broadcasting. Under the unanimous con­ information broadcast by radio, and express The RFE broadcasting team is covering the sent granted I insert in the RECORD the the hope for the continuation of this pro­ Innsbruck games from makeshift facilities at text of that message, together with a cess." an Innsbruck Hotel. As you know, the Austrian organizing Riadio officials have expressed a fear that Washington Post article and New York committee has repeatedly stated its view the reversal of the Olympic committee's po­ Times editorial-both dated February 12, that RFE reporters were duly accredited, as sition in Innsbruck will prove to be a prece­ 1976. These three documents speak for specified in the IOC bylaws, and the United dent for the forthcoming summer Olympic themselves: States delegation has expressed its willingness games in Montreal. 'Tihe Oanadian Olympic February 18, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3705 Committee has already given the station two programs got about two-thirds of Presidential landslides after which the vic­ accreditation. the new Federal spending in the sixties, torious candidate was driven from office by Tass, the official Soviet news agency, said are successful, popular, and their cost, an angry people. In these times of unprece­ that the Soviet delegation at Innsbruck, dented flux, ex-liberal Democrats and tradi­ .along with radio and television representa­ since being newly funded, has not grown tional Republican naysayers boast of their tives from Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, faster than the gross national product failure of nerve as if it were a new wisdom. Czechoslovakia, and East Germany, had chal­ has grown. Indeed, we are close t0 a disastrous na­ lenged the RFE accreditation because RFE "As usual," Harrington points out, "the tional com:ensus around a myth: That we ~·represents no one and engages in slander­ poor, the working people, the minorities, have tried too much and failed, that there­ ·ous subversion in propaganda against the the women, and the aging" are the ones fore we should not try any more but suffer socialist countries." who suffer the most from the myth of our social catastrophes as if they were nat­ RFE's companion broadcasting unit, Radio ural calamities. As usual, the poor, the work­ Liberty, broadcasts to the Soviet Union, but too much Federal intervention and no ing people, the minorities, the women and neither broadcasts to East Germany. success. the aging are assigned to do almost all of The international committee's decision has Harrington sees full employment as that resigned suffering. drawn sharp comments in a number of West­ the rational response to many of our If the Tories of 1976, the Democratic gov­ ern European newspapers as well as protests problems. The Hawkins-Humphrey bill ernors as well as the Republican President, from various Western European sports receives his attention. He analyzes our had led this nation two hundred years ago, writers' associations. economic system. we would have begun this conference by The international committee said that singing God Save the Queen. RFE's credentials lacked a stamp from the Harrington is a persuasive and We socialists refuse to join these militant West German Olympic Committee but sev­ thoughtful social and economic critic. negatives who now mark the two hundred eral West German journalists who received His ideas are provocative, his analysis years dead of the American dream. We pro­ approval from the international committee, nonestablishment. He touches on the pose to revive that dream, to transform it, said their applications also did not have the international ramifications of this coun­ to give it a content which the Patriots would West German committee's stamp. try losing its purpose and its will to pur­ never recognize except in one cruel respect: sue it. What he says deserves our atten­ that we, too, are committed to what the [From the New York Times, Thursday, tion. The complete text of his January 31 Great Seal of the United States calls a "new Feb. 12, 1976) speech follows: order of the ages." our vision can be simply put, even though it must then be spelled out OLYMPIC CENSORSHIP SPEECH BY MICHAEL HARRINGTON . in detail. Where the men and women of 1776 In a disgraceful capitulation to Soviet Let me begin with a Bicentennial irony. fought to make democracy the principle of pressure, the International Olympic Commit­ We democratic socialists, who are so often our political life, we strive to make it the tee has canceled the accreditation of Radio and so wrongly accused of somehow being principle of our economic and social life as Free Europe's reporters to cover the winter un- or even anti-American, are among the well. That is not a Bicentennial piety. Let us Olympics at Innsbruck. The intolerable very few people in this country who still be­ be specific. precedent thus set opens the possibility of lieve in the relevance of our country's demo­ At this conference we have documented nations with the requisite gall and power cratic heritage. We are radical because we how the Emperors-Emperor Gerald Ford, dictating which newspapers, radio stations remain committed to the struggle to create Emperor Ronald Reagan, Emperor Jerry or other media may or may not cover Olympic a more perfect union. Brown, Emperor Michael Dukakis-are stark events--a danger that would be particularly The President of the United States is not. naked. They are all dressed up in the theme acute at the Moscow games coming up in He is a decent man who sincerely believes that the Federal Government has done so four years. in cruel priorities and he does not think that much and failed, particularly in the Sixties. What makes this act of censorship doubly we, the people, can master the environment That, like the Emporer's clothes of the myth, outrageous is that the Soviet pressure comes we have made for ourselves. He celebrates is a widely believed illusion. less than a year after adoption of the Hel­ our two hundred years by boldly proclaim­ Roughly two-thirds of the new Federal sinki Declaration which supposedly made for ing what the United States cannot do. He spending of the Sixties went to increases in expansion, not contraction, of the volume demands that we accept intolel"able levels of social security benefits and buying medical and variety of information exchanges be­ unemployment which strike with particular care for the aging. Both programs worked; tween East and West. Prompt reversal of this viciousness at minorities and women; he both are immensely popular. Neither these craven decision ls required to redeem the wants the school children and the aging, the expenditures, nor all of the other social pro­ Olympic spirit. sick and the hungry, to sacrifice while the grams, increased faster than Gross National corporate rich are given new tax handouts. Product. Therefore there was no significant As we enter our Third century, he uses the rise whatsoever in the public share of Amer­ bully pulpit of the White House to sound re­ ican output. Indeed, most of the programs DEMOCRACY AS THE PRINCIPLE OF treat. announced with such visionary rhetortc­ OUR ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL But then, it is hardly surprising that Re­ the "unconditional war on poverty," the LIFE: MICHAEL HARRINGTON ON publicans, who had to be dragged screaming "Great Society," those millions of new hous­ THE AMERICAN DREAM into the Twentieth century, are balking as ing units which were supposed to be built we move toward the Twenty First. What is for the poor and the working people-were, now is that they are now joined by deserters in Daniel Patrick Moynihan's excellent HON. DONALD M. FRASER from the liberal Democr·ats-by Governors phrase, "oversold and underfinanced." The OF MINNESOTA like Jerry Brown and Michael Dukakis-who people think that -we acted as boldly as we compete with the old enemies in avowing talked during the Sitxies. That, ialas, is not IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES their lack of faith in the capacity of this the case at all. Wednesday, February 18, 1976 society to deal with the crisis which are all Moreover, gains were made in that decade but overwhelming it. over and beyond Social Security and Medi­ Mr. FRASER. Mr. Speaker, January All this happens when these United States care. Above all, the Kennedy-Johnson years 31, 1976, here in Washington, Michael are desperately in need of basic new depar­ saw a steady reduction in unemployment Harrington, national chairman of the tures. We suffer the worst rates of unem­ which, though it did not go far enough, did Democratic Socialist Organizing Com­ ployment in a generation; poverty, which make it possible for millions to fight their mittee, delivered an important speech was supposed to be destroyed by an "un­ way out of poverty and for the minorities to the National Issues Conference of the conditional war," is once again on the of­ and women to at least begin to challenge the organization he chairs. fensive; the great cities are coming unstuck; racism and sexism structured into our labor most people do not like what they do for a markets. Indeed, if one wants to identify Harrington's major point is that we living but consider themselves lucky if they the drunken political spenders in this coun­ are near "a disastrous national con­ have anything to do; and doubt and fear try, their names are Richard Nixon and Ger­ sensus around a myth: That we have and uncertainty are everywhere in this ald Ford. Just last year, for instance, Ford tried too much and failed, that there­ frightened land. presided over unemployment rates which, fore we should not try any more but These things are refracted in the disin­ compared to those in 1968, cost the United suffer our social catastrophes as if they tegration of our established political verities. States more than $80 billion in direct out­ were natural calamities." America, the conventional wisdom tells us, lays and lost revenues and $150 billion in is a nation of stable political coalitions which squandered GNP. It would be hard to imagine Mr. Harrington refutes this myth and decisively change direction every forty or a more callous, spectacular case of throwing points out, using the words of Daniel fifty years. But how, then, explain that we money away and creating problems at the Patrick Moynihan, that the Great So­ have been living in a troubled, seemingly same time. It rivals another, even more ciety programs were "oversold and un­ endless interregnum ever since November, tragic, waste, that of tens of thousands of der.financed," with two important excep­ 1963? In defiance of all the theories, the lives as well as of billions in treasure during tions: Increased social security benefits space of a single decade, from 1964 to 1974, the unconscionable American intervention and medical care for the aged. These saw rival politic·al parties receive massive ln Vietnam. 3706 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 18, 1976 But, why, then are so many people con­ America, a perverse and anti-social plan instinctively reject the Toryism of ex-liberal vinced that we did in fact spend prodigally which cleverly masquerades as no plan at all. Democrats as well as of RepubHcans-are in on well-intentioned, blundering efforts at The result will be more confusion and be­ the Democratic Party. We join with them, social engineering? In part, that is explained wilderment which will further convince the making no conditions for our support of by the confusion about the rhetoric and people that to act ls self-defeating. Gerald their demands save one: that we democratic reality oif the Sixties; in part, it Ls a care­ Ford is a self-fulfilling prophet who indeed socialists have the right to struggle mill­ fully contrived product of reactionaries, like convinces people not to put their trust in tantly and openly within the broad mass Nixon and Ford, who want to discredit their Presidents. movement of the democratic Left. You will enemies and explain away their own failures Consider the facts behind this statement. find us this year at the regional program as the work of some mysterious necessity. In every department of the welfare state meetings of the Democratic Party, in several But there are two other factors at work the government has done more for the cor­ of the Presidential primary campaigns; you which are both subtle and complex. porate rich than for the majority. Tax will find us at the Democratic Convention The Nineteen Sixties saw the beginnings deductions and import quotas and vast pub­ in July. American socialism is coming in out of outrageousiy over-due efforts to challenge lic transportation subsidies awarded to the of the cold; American socialism is coming out the discrimination built into our economic winners of corporate infights cost tens, even of the suffocating closet in which, all too system against minorities and women. As hundreds, of billions over a generation and often, we locked ourselves. long as those affirmative action programs in return we got a mis-shapen, inefficient Let me give two specific, but by no means proceeded within an expanding economy, they energy industry at the mercy of an OPEC exhaustive, examples of what this means. were attacked primarily by those who were cartel. President Ford proposes to solve this Unemployment must be made the central principled racists or sexists. But when the catastrophe •by providing $100 billion of easy issue of this Presidential campaign. But that era. of Republican incompetence began in Federal money to the malefactors who is a question which evokes more fraud and 1969, this society was turned into a cruel, created it. Senator Jackson's proposal would hypocrisy than any other in American so­ zero-sum game: if one group won, another not reward the thieves quite so handsomely, ciety. Last fall in California, Gerald Ford group lost. And so the organized and the but it follows the same basdc principle. Tax was asked what rate of joblessness he found unorganized, the have-nots and the have-lit­ expenditures for the housing of the wealthy acceptable. There is no unemployment that tles, the whites and the blacks, the men and provide much more of Washington's funds I find acceptable, he replied. Thus spake the the women, turned upon one another and for the care and tending of mansions than ma.n who plans that more than 7 % of the there was resentment against the most mod­ we allocate for the abolition of shacks and American people will be out of work for the erate and minimal of programs, which rightly slums. The upper class gets more public rest of this decade. Generalities obviously sought to nullify ancient discrimination. Un­ scholarship aid for college than the poor. will not do. We intend to insist that every der these specific, and utterly unnecessary And so on. And on. And on. Democratic candidate be precise and specific circumstances, many people began to turn What is it, then, a mere personal meanness on this critical count. against what they toolt to be an intrusive, which makes President F'ord send Congress There is a proposal before the Congress, unfair Government. economic policies which cut down on the Hawkins-Humphrey bill. It is not good There are two responses to that mood. One lunches, medical care and jobs but provide enough-and it is better than anything we is to turn our backs on commitments which new privileges for stock market investors? have had offered to us in thirty years. It we were scandalously late in making in the I think not. These vicious priorities are the would make employment a right for the first place; the other, which I will detail common sense of a capitalist system which, worker. It recognlzes--even if not too ex­ shortly, is to create the full employment for all of its reforms, is still inherently anti­ plicitly, for that would be embarrassing­ environment in which affirmative action can social. The incompetent leaders who run this that the priva.te corporate economy will not, live up to its promise. But--and let this be Administration are, to be sure, the enthusi­ of itself, produce full employment. We so­ emphatically clear-in the meantime we can­ astic and rather ignorant promoters of the cialists would add: that economy requires not retreat one single inch from our commit­ worst tendencies of that system but they periodic crises as people require air. ment to those who have been forced into So Hawkins-Humphrey rightly says that did not invent them, and even liberal Demo­ the Government must ultimately be respon­ systematically inferior positions in American crats will be entangled in them. society. sible for guaranteeing jobs for all. It proposes "Trickle-down," you see, is not a policy to do that by means of the traditional, Key­ There is another, even more subtle, rea­ of this society; it is the policy. We have made nesian fiscal and monetary strategies, and son why people respond to the new nega­ private, profit maximizing corporations the by making Washington an employer of last tivism. planners of the economy and they need prof­ resort, or rather, the financier for non-profit Ours ls a nation in which many of the its in order to be able to decide from ·their and local employers of last resort. That is an most well-worn and cherished truths are in oligopolistic heights what ls good for us enormous gain, and we vigorously support doubt. God is no longer in His heaven the ordinary people. Therefore, when the govern­ the blll as the focus of desperately needed way He once was for the overwhelming ma­ ment intervenes, it has an inherent tendency new departures. But it doesn't go far enough, jority of the people; personal morality and to favor the corporate rich who are in basic and we also seek to amend it. the structure of the family and patriotism control of investment for the entire system. Why is government only an employer of and so many of the other values are in doubt. Since this structure assigns private wealth "last" resort, a kind of refuse bin for the re­ There ls a cultural revolution in a conserva­ the public social function of determining the jec~ from the corporations? Because even tive society, and a kind of schizophrenia re­ shape of the economic future, it must favor liberals too often believe in that great myth sults. Moreover, Americans have experienced profits over wages and welfare as a precon­ that public ls bad and private is good, a three assassinations and two abdications in dition for expansion, a policy which ironically prejudice which we corroborate by program­ just a bit more than thirteen years. - They also leads to periodic crises. In this system, ing most of our public efforts for failure and were promised New Frontiers and Great growth will only take place if those at the reserving profitable activities for the private Societies and even our greatest opportunist top are given an enormously disproportionate sector. But we believe that the nation must, of the century felt it necessary to talk about share of the nation's treasure, but that leads first of all, expand the resources which are the "lift of a driving dream" while he care­ regularly to disastrous overproduction. So democratically allocated on the basis of so­ fully noted down the names of the dreamers it is that there has not been the slightest cial need, rather than privately invested to / on his enemies list. After defeat in war, change in the maldistributlon of wealth since maximize the purposes of a tiny elite. Right social upheavals in prosperity and suffering 1945 at least. So it is that even Uberal tax now, this country should stop nationalizing in recession, the people want quiet. cuts and job programs in the Sixties primed all the losses and privatizing the profits of But ironically, it will take forthright ac­ the pump in board rooms and penthouses. So the railroads. Instead, we should take them tion to create quiet in this tumultuous cen­ it ls that we now suffer the worst recession over as a public enterprise run within the tury. The New Tories respond to that popu­ since the Great Depression. framework of a democratically designed na­ lar mood by saying that we must stand s1;111- That ls why taking democratic values­ tional transportation plan. That, as the Auto only that merely means that the roof wlll llke equali ty-serlously requires structural, Workers pointed out some time ago, would continue to cave in on our stoic heads. Such anti-capital1st change. We do not, however, create tens of thousands of useful jobs on a a Zen contemplation of our misery is not, I assert this ultimatistically, insisting that project which ls as environmentally benign think, the serenity the people seek. Rather, America suddenly convert to sociallst values as it is energy saving. it is only if we Americans once again become in toto. We address immediate problems and Second, we believe that the American peo­ practical visionaries that we can master the seek immediate solutions. We join with ple are sick and tired of the oil company tremendous forces which disrupt our peace. trade unionists and minority activists and rip-off, of paying billions to the Exxons and The Sixties clJd. not, as we have seen, feminists ·and Democratic Partv reformer&­ the other multinationals and getting energy "throw money at problems"--except the and, for that matter, with all women and crises in return. We need a public gas and problem of backing a dictatorship in Saigon. men of good will. We do not reject incre­ oil corporation to develop the new energy But even more to the present point, we fol­ ments of change-but we seek to infiuence technology of the twenty-first century. The lowed corporation prorities when we did act. them, to design them, to move them, in the people should not simply pay for the devel­ We did so, not because liberals in Washing­ direction of the massive transformations opment of that technology, as President Ford ton "sold out," but because the very struc­ which alone can solve the present crisis. and Senator Jackson propose; they should ture of our capitalist collectivism required it. The overwhelming majority of the Amer­ benefit from it as well. And unless we transform that structure, we icans who see the need for at least the be­ Third. These are only two examples of how shall keep following a hidden agenda in ginnings of those changes--who rightly and democratic allocation of resources would ere- February 18, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3707

ate jobs, meet urgent needs and profit, not who seek to revive its spirit with the radical (3) Withdrawal from or discontinuance of the corporations, but the nation. But these new content demanded in this nation's third an IRA: Because of the lack of loading fac­ things must be done democratically, or else century. tors in S&L plans, withdrawal or discontinu­ they could lead to the growth of a govern­ ance generally does not result in any fi­ mental bureaucracy which will stifle free­ nancial loss other than the adverse tax con­ dom, much as it is being stifled right now by sequence$ associated with all IRAs caused by corporate bureaucracy. Therefore any public LIBRARY OF CONGRESS STUDY ON premature distribution. Loss of interest from enterprise must guarantee participation on INDIVIDUAL RETIREMENT AC­ premature withdrawal from a certificate of the board of directors to the workers in the COUNTS deposit, etc. enterprise and to the public; therefore the ( 4) Minimum guaranteed return: Banks cooperative and local control should be em­ and savings and loan associations will pay phasized wherever possible. whatever the curr·ent passbook rate is, with We propose, then, to amend Hawkins-Hum­ HON. CHARLES A. VANIK higher rates usually available through certif­ phrey in two basic ways, each of them an OF OHIO icates of deposits. For instance, savings and extension of the democratic principle: by IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES loan associations in the Washington, D.C. structurally increasing the amount of basic area are presently paying the maximum pres­ investment planned for by the people by Wednesday, February 18, 1976 ent interest ceiling of 514, % for regular pass­ means of the democratic process; by insist­ Mr. VANIK. Mr. Speaker, recently, the book savings as well as the maximum 7% % ing upon legal guarantees of effective par­ rate on a one thousand dollar 6-year certifi­ ticipation of the citizenry, from the plant Library of Congress provided the Ways cate of deposit (CD). floor and the neighborhood, to the level of and Means Oversight Subcommittee with However, rates offered by commercial banks the nation. a study on Individual Retirement Ac­ and savings and loan associations are subject But how can these things be done without counts, which included a description of to change and Federal control. inflation? Only if there is a redistribution differences between IRA's offered by in­ (5) Other factors to be considered in a of wealth which finances new initiatives by surance companies and by others. I S&L IRA: While the survey found that pres­ getting the rich off the dole. Only if controls would like to include a portion of that ently there are no charges for administering are used, not to "zap" the workers as under study in the RECORD for the benefit of an S&L IRA, there appears to be no guar­ Nixon, but to favor working people and the antee against future charges. poor rather than profits. But doing that, one consumers: To the extent that a consumer's account must note, challenges the fundamental DIFFERENCE BETWEEN IRA'S OFFERED BY is invested in certificates of deposit, there is mechanism for accumulation and new in­ INSURANCE COMPANIES AND OTHERS usually an interest penalty for premature vestment. Which is why the nation must One "consumer-related" problem that has withdrawal from the account. In addition, democratically socialize more investment if surfaced with the introduction of IRAs is S&Ls are limited in the number of CD's that it is going to be minimally serious about consumer unawareness of the relative ad­ they have available at any one time, and it increasing equality. vantages and disadvantages of one type of may be difficult to place one's IRA inveat­ Finally, perhaps the most important di­ IRA over another. Sales literature tends to ment at CD rates. mension of these proposals is the one which obfuscate . the · disadvantages while drama­ DIFFERENCES IN RATES OF RETURN is most difficult to state. tizing the advantages of the particular type We attempted to determine the impact of America, in this Bicentennial year, is lost, of IRA being offered. The consumer is faced without purpose or will. For many there is sales and administrative charges on IRA pro­ with the question of what type of IRA is jections through an IRA established with a physical suffering and unemployment; but best suited for his or her particular needs­ even those who are affluent often find their savings and loan association, one with an in­ an IRA arrangement with a commercial bank, surance company having a front end load and prosperity stale and flat. At the same time, a saving and loan association, a credit union, I am fearful that we are turning our back one levying a level charge against each pay­ a mutual fund, Government issued Individ­ ment, and then to compare them with each upon the wretched of the earth. I share the ual Retirement Bonds, or an arrangement hostility of many Americans to some of the other and with a non-tax-deferred savings with an insurance company? Again, this re­ account. We also considered the ultimate tax bombast and hypocrisy of "Third Worldist" port cannot indicate which type of plan is rhetoric; I, too, feel that the equation of effect· of each by illustrating what would best, but it does attempt to describe some of eventually be paid out after taxes in the way Zionism and racism in the General Assem­ the factom which should be considered. \ bly was an obscenity. But these things can­ of an annuity certain. A 5% interest rate ' not allow us to retire into our fortres&-<>ur Government issued retirement bonds assumption was made for all IRAs. In prac­ aimless fortress-and, as we, six percent of Special Government Retirement bonds may tice, different rates of return will result. They the world's population consume forty percent be purchased at par in denominations of $50, could be more or less than 5 percent in all of its resources, ignore the starving peoples $100, and $500 and will provide an invest­ cases. of the globe. ment yield annually of 6 percent, com­ There is no guarantee that an insurance Let me speak personally. Just two week& pounded semi-annually. The current 6% in­ company will pay out according to its cur­ ago, I walked the streets of that "City of terest is guaranteed until the bond is cashed rent rate of return or that a vari·able an­ nuity, or mutual fund will grow at a speci­ Dreadful Night" which is Calcutta. I wit­ in, presumably between ages 50~ and 70~ nessed the countless crucifixions which take of the purchaser. There are no load charges fied rate or that the interest rate of com­ place on those sidewalks---the lepers, the or other fees associated with these retirement mercial banks and savings and loan associa­ b~ggars, above all the babies whose eyes are bonds. tions will not decline. Therefore, the simplified mustration below still bright, who have not heard yet that they Banks and savings and loans have been born into hell. If we throw up our has a n'..lmber of limitations. hands before American poverty, then we will (1) Promotional literature and complexity It does show, however, the effect of load be all the more impotent in the face of the of contracts: Commercial Banks and partic­ factors on account growth. In the examp~e crueler poverty which is abroad in the world. ularly savings and loans (S&Ls) are actively used, it takes 5 years for the consumer to It will not be just the American poor and in the IRA market. As in the case of insur­ recoup the front end load of one insurance minorities and women and workingpeople ance companies, the S&L literature shows plan. Of course, this could take longer or who will pay for our failure of nerve. Man­ impressive results. The S&L IRA contracts shorter depending upon the dividends paid are relatively straightforward and simple to kind itself will lose. and the actual amount of the insurance com­ We need a dream. The world needs our understand. (2) Fees, commissions, and load charges: pany's load factor. It does demonstrate, how­ \ dream. A practical dream, a relevant vision. ever, that IRAs offered by insurance com­ \ And perhaps the greatest gain which will The savings and loan associations studied come to us if we once again have the revolu­ in the Washington, D.C. area, do not pres­ pany's may be inadvisable if an individual \ tionary courage to shape an unprecedented ently charge fees or commissions for estab­ can only participate for a short period of I environment is this: that we will not simply lishing or servicing an IRA. Although not time. \ discover solutions to this or that problem, many commercial banks in the Washington, It is assumed that $1,500 is deposited at \ but that we will once again discover our­ D.C. area are offering IRAs, one of the two the beginning of each year. The results are selves, the American people, that we will found offering an IRA charges $5 a year. shown, after deducting any load factors after once again be seen, as we were in 1776, as Banks and savings and loan associations 1, 5, 10, 20, 30, and 40 years. The account the best hope of humanity. Those are fine do not charge the consumer for making balance at the end of each of these periods words and phrases, but to make them work small payments into an IRA. Some require is distributed as a yearly annuity based on a requires that we transform the structures of a minimum payment (e.g., $1,000 for a cer­ 15-year life expectancy. A deduction of an American capitalism. We socialists believe tificate of deposit) if the individual ls to assumed tax liability is then made to deter­ that our democratic traditions, profoundly earn an interest rate higher than that offered by regular passbook savings. However, the mine the net amount available to the in­ deepened and applied to economic and social, dividual. In the illustration for the IRA hav­ as well as political, life, offer the only way banks and savings and loan associations out of our present crisis. Let the Fords and surveyed left the matter of charging to main­ ing a front end load, it is assumed that 40% Reagans and Browns claim the mantle of tain and service an mA open and may even­ of the first year's premium is deducted as a Torylsm. We socialists are proud to be, not tually charge some nominal amount depend­ sales and administrative expense and 6% for simply the heirs of the American demo­ ing on the reporting requirements placed each year thereafter, whereas for the insur­ cratic revolution, but its m111tant partisans on them by the Internal Revenue Service. ance company IRA plan assessing a level 3708 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS ·February 18, 1976

charge it is assumed that each premium pay­ ceed the amounts for life insurance com­ value obtained by an S&L. Because of the ment is reduced by 8 ¥2 %. panies. commissions and other fees, the consumer Since the eight S&L associations canvassed Obviously, in real life and with changing can see that insurance company IRAs held in our survey did not charge any fees or com­ interest rates and rates of return, this may for relatively short periods of time would missions in managing an IRA, no charges are not be the case. With sufficiently high div­ require higher rates of return in order to reflected in this illustration. Since the ac­ idends, an insurance IRA could equal or ex­ match the value of a S&L IRA. The consumer count value in both the insurance and the ceed the value of an S&L IRA. Therefore, the should also note that the longer the IRA S&L cases is projected to grow at 5% each table includes a calculation of the equivalent is held, the insurance dividend or interest year compounded annually, the account interest which would have to be paid by an rate necessary to inatch the S&L (assuming val:le in a S&L association would always ex- insurance company in order to equal the · ·the S&L interest rate does not vary) declines.

RATES OF RETURN FROM HYPOTHETICAL EXAMPLES t

Insurance company plans Front end load plan Level load plan Interest Interest equiv­ equiv- alent alent Savings and loan plan necessary necessary Non-IRA savings to yield Com­ to yield ------­ Amount Commis- Commis­ S. & L. mis­ S. & L. paid in sions Interest Value sions Interest Value value sions Interest Value value Income Interest Value of Year each plan and fees earned of I RA and fees earned of I RA percent and fees earned of I RA percent taxes earned savings

}______$1, 500 0 $75 $1, 575 $600 $45 $945 75. 0 $128 $69 $1 , 441 14. 8 $389 $56 $1, 167 5______7, 500 0 1, 203 8, 703 960 990 7, 530 10. 2 640 1, 110 7, 960 8. 0 2, 112 902 6, 290 Annual annuity received _____ ------______. __ 798 _------__ ------691 ______-----· ------730 ______------577 Less: income taxes ______• ______• ______._. ______• ______• ___ __._. ______• ______•• __ • ______• __ ___ • __ __ Annual net income after taxes______798 ------691 ------730 ------577 10______15, 000 9 4, 810 19, 810 1, 410 4, 201 17, 791 7. 0 1, 280 4, 400 18, 120 6. 5 4, 756 3, 608 13, 852

:::: : : : : : : : : : : :::: : : : : ::: : : : : : :--::-:::-::::: : : ::::::::::::: - • ·::::: : : : : : : : : : :: :: :: : : =- - ======: == ==- --· - 20_::~~s:::______!~r~:~~}~k:-~~t~______=x~=s=_____= 30, 000 0 22, 079 52, 079 2, 310 19, 911 47,:: -;;~601 5. 8 2,:~ 560::: 20, 195=: 47,~: -635:::-= 5. 8 12, 690 16,=: 559=: 33,~:- 869~;~ ======1, ======4, 3n ======4, 3rn ======- AnL~s~1:Annual ~~g~~~net income ~=~~~~e_d_-~ after taxes= === _____ ------______4, 7711~~ ______•••• __• __ _ _ 4, 357 ______• 4, 360 ______- ---~~3, 107~~~ 30______45, 000 0 59, 641 104, 641 3, 210 54, 369 96, 159 5. 5 3, 840 54, 552 95, 712 5. 5 26, 937 44, 731 62, 794 An~~s~I: ~~g~~~ ~=~~~v_e_d_·~======9, ~~l _-======8, m·======8, m======- __ -- ~·- ~~~ Annual net income after taxes . ------8, 760 ------8, 107 ------8, 070 ------5, 761 40______60, 000 0 130, 260 190, 260 4, 110 119, 364 175, 254 5. 3 5, 120 119, 144 174, 024 5. 4 53, 103 97, 695 104, 592

:xe:::= ~~if£~~:~k~~ --iiiis=_= :======:~: i!~ ======:~: ~i~ ======:t m======- -- -- ::-~:; r:.1The amount of interest earned on an actual IRA is critical to the value of an IRA. IRAs offered D. Annual annuity certain received based on a 15-year expected life of recipient at 5 percent by life insurance companies may grow at a rate much higher than the 5 percent rate used in the interest. illustration. However, it should also be noted that a 6-year certificate of deposit offered by S. & L's E. Income taxes after retirement based on following assumptions: presently yields 7:U. 1. 1974 tax law. NOTES 2. Percentage Standard Deduction. 3. Married. A. Interest is compounded annually at 5 percent of balance at beginning of year. 4. Joint return. B. Income taxes on Non-IRA Savings based on 25 percent tax rate on principal and interest. 5. Both 65 years old. C. Commissions and fees for front end load plans are assumed to be 40 percent of first year's 6. No children. contribution and 6 percent of each additional year's contribution. For level load plans, commissions nd fees are assumed to be SY:; percent for each year. Source: Economics Division, Congressional Research Service. a

YEAR BY YEAR BY THE ALMANAC [From the Winston-Salem Sentinel, Satur­ Only moments after he left the house, day, Dec. 6, 1975] someone noticed a blaze in the room. The BLUM'S ALMANAC Is STILL A PART OF fire department was called. With the help WINSTON-SALEM of volunteers who were passing by, the blaze HON. STEPHE.N L. NEAL was extinguished in less than 10 minutes. (By Bill East) OF NORTH CAROLINA The first casualty of the fire was the love Blum's Farmer's and Planter's Almanac is feast. It wasn't held because of the excite­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES as much a part of Winston-Salem as the ment of the blaze and the necessity of keep­ Wednesday, February 18, 1976 smell of tobacco, the traditional Salem coffee ing men on duty to guard against another pot and the glimmer of love feast candles. outbreak of fire. Mr. NEAL. Mr. Speaker, as the snows It is the oldest continuous publication in The biggest casualty was Blum's entire of winter melt away, millions of Ameri­ the city and now finds its way into the homes cash deposit for the bank--$10,000. cans are turning to their planter's al­ of tens of thousands of families throughout Firefighters said later they thought the manacs in anticipation of spring plant­ the world. blaze started when some sparks fell on the The entire institution of Blum's Almanac bank papers as Blum was extinguishing hi!'! ing. The almanac, you see, is one institu­ traces its origin to Old Salem and a business­ candle and preparing to leave the room. tion which has survived technology. It man named John Christian Blum. Nothing more is said in the Moravian rec­ has bridged the gap between the present Blum was more a banker than a literary ords here about the $10,000 loss--whether {I and the distant past, and although it is genius or a printer-the two fields in which the bank made it up or whether Blum was unknown to millions of city dwellers, he was later to excel. required to make it up. In the mid-1820's he was an agent of the But just about that time, Blum went to /\ rural folk still hold it in high esteem. Cape Fear Bank, headquartered in Wilming­ work full blast on his new almanac. The first ; I have recently received the 1976 edi­ ton at that time. issue came from the presses a few months tion of Blum's Farmer's and Planter's Al­ Knowing the possibility that a robbery later and the book has been making its ap­ manac, together with a souvenir reprint might severely handicap the banking busi­ pearance every year since then. ness here, Blum tried to safeguard the m oney The 1975 edition of the almanac ma.rks its of the 1876 edition of the almanac. The personally-he kept it in his rocm. 147th year. The 1976 edition is scheduled for publishers have grnerously supplied me On Dec. 21, 1827, he prepared to go to the publication in November. enough copies of the two editions to dis­ Moravian Church to perform his duties as a The almanac is built around predictions tribute one each to all Members of the coffee server at the Christmas love feast. of the weather and an outlook for planting House. In order that they may know As traditional at Christmas, he started to conditions. But it also contains a variety of leave a lighted candle in his room. information ranging from tips on women's something of the almanac's history, and On second thought, he decided to snuff it fashions to tidbits on history and the best of its remarkable editor, I wish to enter out since he had a large cash deposit hidden way to catch fish. . into the RECORD the following: in the room. Blum produced the almanac on South February 18, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3709 Main Street near Salem Square. He carried it Even at 90, Goslen drives his car-now a CAMPAIGN FINANCING on for 30 to 40 years until his two bachelor 13-year-old Buick-to his office at 3301 Healy sons, Ed and Levi, became old enough to Drive every day. He usually stays there from handle the complete publication of the 9 a.m. until 3 p.m. HON. LEE H. HAMILTON book. Goslen spends much of his time during OF INDIANA the year selecting material to go into the They, in turn, continued publication for IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES about 40 years, employing two other printers, next edition of the almanac. Clarence Crist and a Mr. Keehlin. The other day, for instance, he clipped the Wednesday, February 18, 1976 When the Blum brothers died the firm article about Franklin D. Roosevelt's of Crist and Keehlin moved the plant far­ daughter dying. Mr. HAMILTON. Mr. Speaker, in a ther north and continued to publish the "We have started a notable events section landmark decision on how money for almanac. so people can look back and see what hap­ political campaigns is to be raised and In 1926, it was taken over by the Goslen pened in a certain year," he said. "Certainly spent, the U.S. Supreme Court has ruled: family who moved it to 218 N. Main Street­ they will be interested in the death of Roose­ Presidential candidates who have not next to the old Wachovia Loan and Trust Co. velt's daughter." accepted Federal matching payments to building. Goslen's selection of material ranges any­ help finance their campaigns can reject In 1970-71, that building was taken as part where from the listing of people whose faces of the site of the new Hall of Justice and are on currency ("It really isn't almanac ma­ the Federal funds and spend as much Blum's Almanac moved to a new building on terial but it is sure interesting to know") to money as they can raise. Healy Drive in the west part of Winston­ recipes. Congressional candidates will not be Salem. "We had a letter the other day from a subject to any spending limits. The Court woman who said, 'Send me Blum's Almanac. struck down a ceiling of $70,000 for most You haven't got any trash in it.' We're proud House candidates and higher ceilings for ALMANAC EDITOR Is 90 of statements like that.'' Senate candidates. (By Bill East) Goslen's almanac starts going to press A person may spend any amount in an Blum's Almanac is an institution of lon­ about the last of July, aiming for a distribu­ tion date of late October or early November. independent effort to elect a candidate­ gevity. that is, an effort not made with the A few weeks ago, Blum's Farmer's and This year, about 340,000 copies of the al­ Planter's Alrrutnac for the Year 1976 came manac are being printed. Basically, it ls dis­ candidate's cooperation. A provision of off the press, representing the 148th consecu­ tributed east of the Mississippi River. the law limiting a person to $1,000 per tive year of publication for the red-covered Goslen and his son, Allen S. Goslen, overall candidate was voided. book. business manager for the almanac, are study­ Candidates for President who do not Then on Tuesday of this week, its editor ing the possibility of expanding printing and accept Federal funds and all candidates J. B. Goslen Sr., who has been with the al­ distribution to include the entire country. for Congress may spend as much of their manac for 50 years, celebrated his 90th birth- own money, or money received from their day-on the job. · Goslen attributes the success of the alma­ "It's a great life," he said as he started nac to the fact that "everyone wants to share immediate families, as they desire. The work on the 1977 edition of the almanac. something of the past and the almanac rep­ law had provided limits of $50,000 for resents one of our early ideas that means Presidential candidates, $35,000 for Sen­ SINCE HE WAS 9 something today." ate candidates, and $25,000 for House "The printing industry has been my entire The almanac has been basically unchanged life from the age of nine," he said. "As early candidates. as that, my dad told me to come to the office since John Christian Blum turned out the On the ground that Congress had vio­ and I knew I had better go, or else." first one in Salem in 1828. lated the principle of separation of His father, J. W. Goslen, had begun his The almanac remained on Main Street­ powers by retaining too large a role in adulthood as a captain in the Confederate first in Salem and then in Winston-for 143 appointing the membership of the Fed­ forces in the Civil War. years. It moved to its new building on Healy eral Election Commission, the Commis­ "He put a notice in the Sentinel for his Drive when the almanac office was torn down sion has been stripped of all regulatory company to join him in Greensboro to go to to make room for the Hall of Justice. The and policymaking power, effective in 30 Virginia for the war;• Goslen said. "I have Goslens also do commercial printing. days, if Congress does not revise the sys­ a copy of that notice somewhere." Goslen's great love in life outside the al­ tem under which Congress, rather than FATHER WAS EDITOR manac is music. As he put it, "I was born in the President, designates four of its six After the war, his father went into the Salem where I could hear the Moravian band members. newspaper publishing and printing business. all my life." The Supreme Court approved the de­ For a while, he was editor of the Union Re­ As a youth, he played in the band at Nissen publican newspaper here. tailed reporting of expenditures and con­ Park, whLch was built by the streetcar sys­ tributions, the public financing of Presi­ In 1894, when Goslen was only nine years tem as an amusement are a in the Waugh­ old, his father went downtown to get his dential candidates who qualify for funds, mail. Returning, he decided to ride the town section. and a $1,000 ceiling on contributions by streetcars, which were only four years old "I was real proud of that uniform," he said. a person to a candidate in a primary then. "I was paid one dollar an evening for play­ and again in the general election. "Right in front of our house in Salem, he ing. That was big money back in those days.'' The Supreme Court has ruled squarely slipped and fell when he was gettin'g off the Goslen has been associated with Home for the first time that spending money in streetcar," he said. "He hit his head on the Moravian Church all his life as a band mem­ curb and was dead in three hours." politics is "speech" and protected by the ber, a trustee and on numerous boards. First Amendment of the Constitution. \ Goslen and a group of "Moravian boys" from Winston-Salem entered the University Goslen's wife and his oldest son, J.B. Gos­ The opinion sets out the rules for when \ len Jr., died just a few days apart in 1972. of North Carolina at Chapel Hill ~n 1902. and how that speech may be restricted. "Physically, I have been blessed,'' Goslen \ STARTED BAND It says that the main purpose of the said. "I have had only one attack of pneu­ law-ending corruption in politics-is ' "We decided we would like to get into the monia and no attacks of anything like cancer football games free so we decided to organize more clearly served by the contribution a band to provide music," he said. "It was or heart weakness." limits than by the spending limits. The \ the university's first band and everybody just "I have a tremendous appetite, as anyone Court reasons that spending money is an i loved it." who has ever invited me to dinner will tell essential aspect of free speech in the po­ ( ~ Graduating from the university !n 1906, he you,'' he said. litic·al arena. I returned to Winston-Salem to join the fam­ Planning to retire? ily's publishing and printing business. "I'm not even thinking about it. I think The impact of the decision will proba­ Four years later, in 1910 when he was 25 it is one of the worst things anybody can do. bly not be apparent for some time-per­ years old, he bought his first automobile, a Everybody needs to stay interested in some­ haps for several elections. Limits on ex­ four-cylinder Autocar. thing that is worthwhile. You must stay penditures in Congressional races were "I've always loved automobiles and have active in both mind and body.'' clearly lifted, but most of the Presiden­ owned quite a number of different makes, Then with a twinkle in his eye, he said: tial candidates have already planned including a Maxwell when it was all the their fundraising strategies on the basis rage," he said. "I'll tell you more about life when I reach the age of 100.'' of Federal matching funds, and it is "R. J . Reynolds used to say that only a probably too late now for them to change millionaire or a fool would own a car. He What's the secret of his long life? was one of the first automobile owners in "There just must be something about the strategies. With the court allowing un­ Winston-Salem.'' smell of that printer's ink." limited independent expenditures and 3710 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 18, 1976 abolishing sections of the law restricting liabilities for defective products and late understand since many of their terms and candidates from using more than limited delivery at a maximum of 40 percent of concMtions for purchases provide contract amounts of their own money for their the contract price. None of the American obligations that are asserted to be onerous and reasonable in contracts where GE or campaigns, wealthy contributors will be­ companies felt that they could accept Westinghouse is the seller and TVA is the come more prominent and candidates penalties of this magnitude. Brown Bo­ purchaser. Moreover, all three manufactur­ with sizeable personal fortunes will get veri's offer did satisfy the terms of the ers bid responsively under TVA invitations a boost. bid invitation, and this firm was awarded to bid on other types of equipment where The decision to put no restriction on the contract. the terms and conditions are substantially "independent expendiltures" by persons The previous statement concerning my the same as the ones complained a.bout for on behalf of a candidate is baffling and it investigation appeared in the daily issue turbine generators. In addition, in the pa.st, leaves a wide loophole for the return of of the RECORD on page E6607 on Decem­ TVA has purchased turbine generators under the big contributor. It is also hard to ac­ invitations to bid which contained no ex­ ber 10, 1975. Since that time, I and my press limit on special or consequential dam­ cept the fact that the American system staff have met with the staff of the Gen­ ages. Under these invitations the matter of is unable to prevent a wealthy candidate eral Accounting Office and the Sub­ special or consequential damages was not from spending an enormous sum to elect committee on Investigations and Review addressed a.nd the extent of the contractor's himself. Several of the distinctions the of the Public Works and Transportation llab111ty for such damages would be ulti­ Court makes are not easy to understand. Committee for advice and assistance in mately determined by the courts. Westing­ For example, the Court held unconstitu­ remedying this apparent stalemate. house bid in response to such invitations for tional overall limits on campaign spend­ Mr. Speaker, the following is a letter a time, but informed TVA prior to the issu­ ing as a restriction on free speech, but it ance of the invitation to purchase the tur­ which I received from the Chairman of bine generators in question that it would not approved ceilings on contributions to the Board of the Tennessee Valley Au­ bid responsively unless the invitation con­ candidates. Also, the Court ruling seems thority, Mr. Aubrey J. Wagner, respond­ tained a complete waiver of liability for spe­ to do little or nothing to improve the pos­ ing to the letters I received from the cial or consequentta.l damages. GE has not ture of minor party and independent three American firms. Also is a letter bid responsively to invitations of this nature. candidates. Further litigation and more which I wrote to the General Accounting We recognize that the imposition on a Supreme Court rulings are likely because Office raising issues which could help manufacturer of the total 11ab111ty which many questions remain unanswered mitigate the effects of confrontation, may result from a delay in delivery of the about the link between money and equipment or failure of the equipment to and transform this into a situation of operate properly could be substantial. Ac­ politics. constructive cooperation with healthy cordingly, we have limited the manufac­ The big question is, Where do we go competition: turer's liability and provided for the assump­ from here? Some in the Congress want to TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY, tion by TVA of a substantial part of the scrap the Federal Election Commission Knoxville, Tenn., February 2, 1976. risks. The manufacturers, however, find altogether. In my view it is imperative Hon. ROBERT w. EDGAR, these limitations onerous and unreasonable that the Congress act to establish a new The House of Representatives, and demand to be released of virtually all commission on a constitutionally sound Washington, D.C. liability for the consequences of late de­ basis. Without that action there will be DEAR MR. EDGAR: This is in reply to your livery or failure of their equipment to operate no one to carry out the provisions of the letter of December 10, 1975, enclosing for our as specified. In essence, the manufacturers comments copies of letters you received from seek to shift to the purchaser the risks that law on disclosure, public financing, and Allis-Chalmers Power Systems, Inc., Gen­ under general principles of law are borne the limits on the size of contributions. eral Electric Company, a~d Westinghouse by the manufacturer. However, the manu­ This may not be as easy as it sounds since Electric Corporation, concerning the pur­ facturer, rather than the purchaser-TVA, there are those in the Congress who want chasing procedures lnvolved_ln our purchase is solely responsible for and in control of to defeat any further effort to reform of turbine generators from Brown Boveri the design, quality control, manufacturing campaign financing and there are others Corporation. We appreciate the opportunity schedule, and all other facets of the work who want to fight, not only for the recon­ to give you our comments on the matters required to produce a product within the stitution of the Federal Election Com­ discussed in these letters. time and with the operating characteristics mission, but also for substantive im­ The principal argument advanced in these promised. Accordingly, it ts our view that three letters is that TVA, unlike other pur­ the manufacturer should bear some respon­ provements in the law. chasers of generating equipment, insists on sibility in the event such promises are not unreasonable terms and conditions in its fulfilled. Since only the manufacturers can contracts which impose unbearable risks on know whether their promises of perform­ manufacturers. One manufacturer, Westing­ ance and delivery are promises which they house, characterized TVA's terms and con­ CONTRACT INVESTIGATION can reasonably be expected to achieve, a ditions as "penalties." However, rather than complete waiver of all aspects of liability as CONTINUES being "penalties" the terms and conditions the manufacturers apparently demand limit the liability that a manufacturer would would, in our view, reduce or remove any otherwise have under general principles of incentive for them to take the steps neces­ law for breach of contract. The fundamental sary to insure that their promises are met. HON. ROBERT W. EDGAR principle of the law of damages is that a OF PENNSYLVANIA Therefore, TVA feels that allocation of the party injured by a breach of contract ls en­ risks associated with failure of a manufac­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES titled to fair and just compensation com­ turer to meet its promised delivery date or Wednesday, February 18, 1976 mensurate with the loss sustained as a result failure of the equipment to perform as of the breach; the injured p·arty is entitled promised is proper and equitable. For TVA ) Mr. EDGAR. Mr. Speaker, I recently to recover full indemnity for his loss and to to assume all the risks would be to act ir­ launched an investigation into circum­ be placed as near as may be possible in the responsibly toward its ratepayers who would ) stances surrounding the a warding of a condition which he would have occupied had ultimately bear the total costs associated \ Tennessee Valley Authority turbine gen­ the contract not been breached. with a manufacturer's failure to perform The turbine generators purchased are fur erator contract to the Swiss firm, Brown use with nuclear units presently planned by as promised. ) Boveri. Earlier, I inserted a statement in TVA. In the event the contract performance Westinghouse states in its letter that "In our opinion, penalties for late shipment can \ the RECORD regarding this problem which dates for the generators are not met or the \ I feel if unresolved, could cost thousands generators fall to operate as specified, the be counter productive because they do not reward the manufacturer who has done a ) of American jobs. Also inserted were damages that will be sustained by TVA will ( be substantial. Such damages could include good job in shipping on time; rather; they copies of the correspondence I exchanged reward the manufacturer who is willing to between TVA, and three American manu­ loss of generating capacity and the resulting dire consequences, including loss of revenues, make promises about the future at a price facturers who were deemed nonrespon­ that cannot possibly recompense the pur­ inabllity of TV A to meet its power require­ sive bidders. chaser." We do not agree with Westlng4 The three American companies-Gen­ ments, and increased power costs. If TVA and house's view of the nature of contracts and a manufacturer were to contract on a basis of the responsibilities for failure to comply eral Electric, Westinghouse, and Allis without the terms and conditions that these Chalmers-were all interested in obtain­ with their provisions. The delivery of equip4 manufacturers find onerous and unreason­ ment on the schedule promised in the con­ ing a lucrative TVA turbine generator able, the manufacturer might then, under tract is the very essence of a contract and contract which has a value of nearly $200 general principles of law, be liable for the the manufacturer's reward is the receipt of million for four gem.rators, plus options whole of the damages sustained by TVA. the full purchase price. Westinghouse's let­ for further purchases. However, the We find the objections of GE and Westing­ ter also describes "the great interest which terms of TVA's bid invitation included house to our terms and cond·itlons difficult to Westinghouse has in obtaining business from February 18, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3711 TVA, and the significant benefits to TVA in conditions of the invitation and were there­ my concerns a.bout the a.warding of a TVA selecting Westinghouse above other manu­ by nonresponslve, TVA did, for comparison turbine genera.tor contra.ct to Brown Boverl. facturers." However, the recent action taken purposes, evaluate all the bids to determine I received a letter this month from the by Westinghouse in repudiating its con­ the relative cost of each unit offered. The Tennessee Valley Authority responding to tracts and obligations to fully perform its evaluation took into account unit efficiency, the letters I sent to them from the three nuclear fuel contracts with TVA (and other unit size, building costs, terms of payment, American companies that were responsible, power suppliers) and the statements con­ and price escalation. The evaluated bid prices although nonresponsive bidders to the TVA cerning contractual obligations made in its were as follows: invitation. A copy is enclosed for your in­ letter cannot help but create serious con­ Brown Boveri, Model TC6F-52 (7-HTR spection. Cycle). $193,623,015; Model TC6F-52 (6-HTR cern about its attitude toward performing I find it unfortunate that such business its contracts. On the one hand manufac­ Cycle), $196,892,340. Westinghouse, Model TC6F-40 (7-HTR by a government agency is conducted by turers insist that they sell their products on hostile confrontation rather than .coopera­ terms and conditions dictated by them, Cycle), $206,062,844; Model TC6F-44 (6-HTR Cycle)' $206,515,637; Model TC6F-44 (7-HTR tion. Certainly, there must be a solution which in essence relieve them of virtually all which will be better for our unemployment responsibility for the consequences of a de­ Cycle), $203,891,903. Gen. Electric, Model TC6F-43 (T-HTR problem, and our nation's taxpayers than fective product or failure to perform the con­ the existing situation of awarding a large tract by the time specified, while on the Cycle) , $212,230,245. Allis-Chalmers, Model TC6F-44.6 ( 6-HTR contract to a foreign manufacturer when other hand some manufacturers simply walk Cycle), Excessive due to high escalation. domestic firms could do the job. I can see away from their contractual obligations and Therefore, on an evaluated cost basis, the the possibility of compromise, but the re­ claim excuse from the performance thereof cost of four Brown Boveri units was approxi­ fusal of both parties to do so will result if a contract once entered into is later not to mately $7 million to $10 million less than the in no progress. I can understand the un­ their liking. It is this kind of situation that cost of four Westinghouse units. In addition, willingness of American companies to ac­ TVA and, we are sure, other power suppliers the contract awarded to Brown Boveri con­ cept a liability of this magnitude, consider­ face in attempting to provide an adequate tained those terms and conditions which the ing that projects of this complexity often supply of electric power for the Nation at a three domestic manufacturers find unrea­ result in delays beyond the reasonable con­ reasonable cost. sonable and onerous. Rather than paying a trol of the manufacturer. However, the argu­ In regard to the argument advanced in price premium, TVA contracted for the units ments advanced by TVA in support of limit­ the letters that the contractual obligations at a cost much less than the units of the ing their own liability also seem reasonable insisted upon by TVA are not required by domestic manufacturers. In addition, the to me. other power suppliers, we are not fully aware contract ls on a basis that provides TVA a Could a compromise be for a third party of the basis on which other power suppliers measure of protection, not offered by the do­ to accept all or pa.rt of the liability? Such contract. Stated another way, the manu­ mestic manufacturers, in the event the units an organization would have an interest in facturers are saying to TVA that everyone a.re late in delivery or do not perform as assuring that liability penalties would be else has acquiesced to our demands, why specified. minimized, providing benefits to all parties. not you? However, if such a statement is TVA's position with respect to the Buy accurate, we feel it is so, not because the Such an organization could be a private firm, American Act and the executive orders and or a quasi-governmental corporation, per­ utilities choose this to be the case, but be­ executive policies promulgated thereunder ls cause the position of the domestic manu­ haps, established to fulfill the need called described in our October 2, 1975, letter. Our for by this stalemate situation which may be facturers results in substantially similar experience in contracting with General Elec­ terms and conditions. Because of the lack tric and Westinghouse is that they frequently costing thousands of American jobs. of competition in this area, manufacturers acquire from foreign sources major compo­ I am convinced that the lack of creative are free to adopt a "take it or leave it" at­ nents for inclusion in the equipment or sys­ action to solve this problem will result in titude. In this regard, the utilities have ap­ tems sold in the United States. For example, "non-business as usual." The expertise of parently not been pleased with such an ar­ as part of TVA's Browns Ferry Nuclear Plant, the General Accounting Office could be very rangement but have had little success In General Electric supplied three sets of reac­ helpful in suggesting alternatives to ha.Vl~g litigation when attempting to obtain some tor vessel internals manufactured in Holland, only one foreign responsive bidder to future compensation for the delivery of a defective two reactor vessels partially fabricated in TVA contract invitations. product. See, for example, Potomac Elec. Japan, and core spray motor operated valves Power Co. v. Westinghouse Elec. Corp., 385 F. manufactured in Canada. As part of TVA's It would be very helpful to me if GAO Supp. 572 (D.D.C. 1974); Royal Indem. Co. v. Sequoyah and Watts Bar Nuclear . Plants, would answer the following questions: Westinghouse Elec. Corp., 385 F. Supp. 520 Westinghouse furnished four reactor vessels (1) What a.re the capabilities of TVA, the (S.D.N.Y. 1974). On the other hand, TVA fabricated in Holland, two sets of reactor American companies, and foreign competi­ has successfully enforced the remedies pro­ coolant loop fittings manufactured ln Japan, tors to accept liabilities for defective prod­ vided in i1(s contracts in situations similar to and numerous steam turbine blades from ucts and late delivery? those in the foregoing cases. TVA's rates are Japan. ( 2) How can Brown Boveri accept this substantially below national averages for We are happy to add these comments to liability while American companies refuse? electric power supply. While we do not claim the ones previously supplied in our letter of that holding manufacturers to limited re­ October 2, 1975. We feel that competition on (3) Could this liability be assumed by a sponsibilities for equipment they produce is turbine generators is desperately needed; third party, for a fee? the primary reason for TVA's favorable rate however, we also feel that manufacturers (4) could a governmental or quasi-gov­ situation, it is a factor, and one which we should recognize that it is the prerogative of ernmental agency be established for this pur­ feel is required in carrying out our respon­ the purchaser to describe the equipment it pose? What would be its organization, its sibilities. wants to buy and the conditions on which it rules, and the services it would provide? Are The point is also made in the letters that desires to contract. While we recognize that there private firms or consortiums which TVA's purchasing procedures are inflexible manufacturers do not have to sell their prod­ would find this arrangement an attractive ucts to a particular purchaser, we think it and that contracts should be negotiated. As investment? you know, TVA was created by and operates ls the very nature of the sales process for (5) How does GAO assess the apparently under the provisions of the Tennessee Valley a manufacturer to recognize what the pur­ Authority Act of 1933, as amended. Section chaser desires and to price it accordingly. As non-retractable positions on the issue of lia­ 9(b) of that Act requires that all purchases, we stated in our letter of October 2, TVA has bility by the American firms and TVA? Are except in certain well-defined situations, be modified its terms and conditions in an ef­ these positions reasonable or too inflexible? made only after advertising. It is a general fort to accommodate the desires of the do­ (6) If liability oould be assumed by a third principle of advertising that all bids, in order mestic manufacturers. We hope that these party, would the cost of this service to to be considered for award of a contract, domestic manufacturers will choose to bid American companies, added to their bid, re­ must be based on the same terms and con­ responsively on TVA's future invitations to sult in an American company obtaining ditions. Accordingly, TVA cannot a.ward a bid for turbine genera.tors. turbine generator contracts? contract after advertising on the basis of a We shall be glad to provide any further comments or ·information you may wish on (7) If no compromise can be worked out, bid that takes a material exception to the what are the prospects for competition for terms and conditions contained in the in­ this matter. vitation; nor can TVA negotiate a contra.ct Sincerely yours, future TVA contract invitations? when advertising is required. AUBREY J. WAGNER, (8) In general, what strategies, both regu­ The statement is also made that TVA pa.id Chairman of the Board. latory and legislative, could resolve this a significant price premium to Brown Boveri stalemate and result in an equitable solution for the protection afforded by TVA's terms HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, for TVA, domestic companies, and the Ameri­ Washington, D.C., February 17, 1976. can taxpayer? and conditions. This statement ls incorrect. Mr. VINCE GRIFFITH, Although the bids of General Electric, West­ Legislative Attorney, Thank you again for meeting with me. I inghouse, and Allis-Chalmers submitted in General Accounting Office, hope that our efforts in this matter will be response to the invitation could not be con­ Washington, D.C. helpful to the parties involved. sidered for award of a contract since each DEAR MR. GRIFFITH: Thank you for meet­ Cordially, took material exceptions to the terms and ing with me on January 20, 1976, to discuss ROBERT W. EDGAR. 3712 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 18, 1976 BORED BY THE BANK FLAP The liberals are still after Arthur Burns to ing the coming of World War II. At that time, gun the money supply. But they want the Great Britain's Anthony Eden and France's banking laws reformed so that for every bank Pierre Flandin, hypnotized by Hitler's de­ HON. ANDREW JACOBS, JR. lending officer there is a government bank tente, complaisantly allowed him to violate regulator, who will be wise and prudent in the provisions of the Versailles and Locarno OF INDIANA seeing to it that monetized debt goes, not treaties. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES into those awful REITs, but into socially de­ Is is necessary to remind our policy-makers Wednesday, February 18, 1976 sirable projects, like Big MAC bonds and that Fidel Castro's military force, acting in New York State TANs. Angola as a massive unit of the Soviet army, Mr. JACOBS. Mr. Speaker, I insert the We're bored by it all. It's too transparent. is based at the gateway to the Caribbean following editorial from the Wall Street The liberals have learned a thing or two in where the lifeline of the United States-the Journal: the last few years, but so have we all. When Panama Canal-is located? When the Senate voted to cut off American BORED BY THE BANK FLAP Mr. Reuss tried to ram his credit allocation legislation through the veto-proof Demo­ supplies to the anti-Soviet forces in Angola, "I hold in my hand a list of 28 American cratic Congress last year he was almost it did so in the announced belief that the banks that are in trouble through having laughed off Capitol Hill. He's not going to do Soviet intervention there presented no threat made bad loans," says one of the great liberal any better with a phony hoorah about trou­ to the vital interests of this country. newspapers of the land. "I hold in my hand bled banks and a "moderate" approach to Curiously, the Senate's severe critic, Secre­ a list of umpteen other banks that have bank reform. tary of State Henry Kissinger, displayed the made risky loans to X, Y and Z," says another We don't need any new banking laws and same visionless rationale. In a recent news of the great liberal newspapers of the land. regulations. Bank lending officers and loan conference, Kissinger declared that the issue Congression al committees hold investiga­ committees don't need bank examiners at in Angola is not whether vital American in­ tions. Presidential candidates fulminate. their elbows to tell them X is socially desir­ terests are involved there, but "whether the Bank reform legislation is drawn up to deal able and Y is not. The important thing is Soviet Union, backed by a Cuban expedition­ with the situation. that Arthur Burns doesn't forget what he's ary force, can impose on two-thirds of the Until now, we have not commented on this learned and start pumping out printing­ population its own brand of governmen t ." latest sport. Frankly, we've been bored by it. press cash. With or without further "reform," Kissinger knows only too well that the The "troubled bank" story is last year's story the banks will be as sound as a dollar. United States did nothing when imperialist and the story of 1974, when it really looked Moscow imposed its brand of totalitarian dicey as to whether the banks had sufficient despotism on Poland, on Hungary, on Czech­ capital to get through the squeeze. (See for oslovakia, on East Germany through the example, "Bank Soundness" in these col­ erection of the Berlin Wall, and in many umns, November 24, 1974.) The reason the ANGOLA IS STEP AWAY FROM other areas. liberals in Congress and on the great liberal PANAMA If that be the issue, how did it come to newspapers of the land were not then wring­ pass that under detente, carried out with ing their hands is not hard to recall. They such fanfare by Nixon, Ford and Kissinger, were then worried about the faltering econ­ HON. F. EDWARD HEBERT the Soviet tentacles which have been girding omy and were exhorting the banks to make OF LOUISIANA the globe and encircling these United States, bad loans. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES implant the Kremlin's brand of dictatorship The banks, you'll recall, were told they had Wednesday, February 18, 1976 Wherever they reach? to be socially responsible. The liberal com­ The basic issue in Angola is not the rivalry mentators fumed that banks were actually Mr. HEBERT. .Mr. Speaker, I have between Soviet Russia and the United States refusing to lend money to "redlined" neigh­ over mineral resources or the control of ship­ borhoods. The New York banks were being known Isaac Don Levine for many, many years. He has been a foreign correspond­ ping lanes in the South Atlantic. That rival­ vilified and picketed for their hesitation in ry, while important, is on a par with many buying Mayor Beame's municipal bonds and ent and student of Russia's modern his- similar secondary contests between the two tax-anticipation notes. House Banking Chair­ tory for more than 50 years. · superpowers all over the earth. We have man Henry Reuss, for gosh sakes, was push­ That is why I find most interesting an learned to live with these frictions since the ing credit allocation legislation that would article he wrote for the San Diego Union rise of the Communist challenge to the free have required the banks to make loans to entitled "Angola Is Step Away From world. suit his tastes. Mass transit projects seemed Nor is the primary issue in Angola whether to be the favorite idea. Wouldn't it be swell Panama." Because of his expertise on such mat­ detente can be continued to further world if everyone had a Metro like Washington, peace. The truth is that detente has been a D.C.? ters, I want to insert his article in the dying swan for some time. Its failure and At the same time, you must recall, the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD so all my col­ eventual doom have been indicated by most liberals were screaming at Arthur Burns to leagues will have the benefit of his independent observers in all countries. The gun the money supply faster. In the current thoughts. astute Washington columnist of the New sport, which The Economist of London calls York Times, William Safi.re, opened his essay "bashing at the American Banks," there has The following article appeared in the San Diego Union on February 4, 1976: on Dec. 29 with this verdict: "As 1975 draws not been one word in all the newspaper to an end, detente is dead. The second cold stories and all the congressional testimony SOVIETS TEST CASTRO-ANGOLA Is STEP A WAY FROM PANAMA war is under way." that makes the connection between an in­ Nor is the crucial issue in Angola whether crease in the money supply and bad bank (By Isaac Don Levine) we should extend aid in the form of sup­ loans to X, Y and Z. Members of the con­ The paramount issue in the cr.isis over plies and arms to the nationalist elements gressional banking committees, if not the Angola, overriding all the others raised so far there, an important subject to be sure, to great liberal newspapers of the land, are in the grerut de>bate on the subject is: which most of the pundits of the press and supposed to know of this connection. How to get the CUban Expeditionary Force media have devoted millions of words as if 1. The Fed increases the money supply by withdrawn from Africa and sent packing it involved the security of the nation. monetizing debt, i.e., buying interest-bearing back home, just as President John Kennedy The paramount pressing issue is the Cuban bonds from the banks with printing-press in October, 1962, compelled the 25 Russian expeditionary force fiahting a skirmish in the money. 2. The banks have more cash as a re­ ships, loaded with missiles and other arms, Soviet battle for world hegemony. sult. 3. The supply of good customers want­ to turn around, as they neared Cuba's shores, Castro has openly avowed the aims of the ing to finance profitable projects has not in­ and head for home. Soviet-Cuban axis in his speech on Dec. 22 creased. 4. The banks are losing money by Imbedded in this Gordian Knot are two at the great Congress of the Cuban Com­ sitting on cash. 5. They make loans to riskier novel points which have so far escaped gen­ munist Party, in the presence of the Krem­ customers. 6. They form Real Estate Invest­ eral attention. First, there is the palpable lin's ideological mentor, Suslov, and of the ment Trusts. 7. They throw money at anyone demonstration that a non-African power is Communist delegates from Central and who doesn't look like an out-and-out burg­ carrying on warfare on another continent in South America. lar. 8. A Go-Go Era is born. 9. Roaring infla­ the classical imperialist tradition. "We will never renounce our solidarity with tion develops, followed by 10. Collapse. Second is the clear precedent set by the Puerto Rico and Angola," Castro declared. It ls thus deliciously clear why the liberals Soviet-Cuban intervention in Angola for "The flags of Cuba and Puerto Rico are one have had to wait until recovery seems to be similar adventures in the Caribbean, from and the same." And he went on: "We will underway before they decide to talk about a Puerto Rico and Panama to Venezuela. defend Angola and Africa with our blood if year-old story. By now, we are all supposed Yet the Angola crisis may offer the oppor­ it should be necessary." to have forgotten their prescriptions when tune historical hour for the United States to On Jan. 10 Castro staged a grandiose recep­ the banks really were in trouble, so they can avert the outbreak of World War III over our tion for Panama's dLctator, Brig. Gen. Omar piously proclaim how much more prudent ramparts in the Caribbean. It is an occasion Torrijos Herrera, who came to Cuba, escorted they would have been than those reckless not unlike the moment early in 1936 when by over 200 picked followers, on a state bankers. Hitler marched into the Rhineland, presag- visit. His journey followed a pilgramage to Fe b-ruary 18, 19 7 6 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3713 Havana of a delegation of Puerto Rican Com­ are being trained for further operations in­ Chairman Mao's admonitions to President munists carrying on the fight for independ­ side the vital defense perimeter of the United Ford against the Soviet drive for world ence from the United States. The avowed States. hegemony assures widespread international purpose of Torrijos' visit was to secure help Even Kissinger admitted it when he de­ support for action in the present crisis by for his acquisition of full sovereignty over clared that if the United States permits the the United States under the Monroe Doc­ the Panama. Canal. establishment of a Soviet Angola, it will be trine. A confrontation between the Brezhnev "To the 1.2 million Panamanians we can an invitation to Moscow to engage in similar and Monroe Doctrines has long been overdue add nine million Cubans," Castro assured interventions elsewhere. In his latest hard­ on the issue of "on-site" inspections. Torrijos on Jan. 12 before a crowd of several line declaration before the Senate Foreign It is urgent that such action take place hundred thousand, advising his prospective Relations subcommittee, following his con­ before the agreement negotiated by Ambas­ ally, however, not to force the issue immed­ ference with Brezhnev in Moscow, Kissinger sador Bunker with Panama's ruler, General iately. warned Soviet R.ussia against moving "any­ Torrijos, is approved and signed. That is not "Much more important than a small bit of where it wants without serious risk,'' involv­ to say that the original treaty with Panama land," Castro warned his visitor in words ing "a great miscalculation, thereby plung­ should not be updated and amended, so long which unmistakably echoed the Kremlin's ing us into a major confrontation which as the sovereignty over the Canal Zone re­ catechism, "is the liberation of a conti­ neither of us wants." mains undivided and unimpaired in the nent ... the liberation of Vietnam, of The immediate area of danger is in Panama hands of the United States. Africa, of Angola." How could the ruler of a where Ambassador Ellsworth Bunker, repre­ poverty-ridden inconsiderable island, unless senting the White House and the State De­ he be a stooge of the Soviet power, brag of partment, negotiated a new treaty with the the liberation of a continent? government of Panama, which is awaiting BOB MICHEL'S YEAR In his interview of Jan. 17, with the corre­ congressional approval. spondent of Corriere della Sera, Castro According to the drafted agreement, the stressed his determination to fight on in sovereignty over the Canal Zone is to be HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI shared jointly by the United States and Angola, and rejected demands from Wash­ OF Il.LINOIS ington that Cuba "should no longer back the Panama. Now we have a living precedent for movement for independence in Puerto Rico such a partnership in Berlin, where sov­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES or the government of Panama in the struggle ereignty is exercised jointly by the Soviet Wednesday, February 18, 1976 over the Canal." regime and the Western powers. The reference to the Panama Canal must Is it necessary to recall to Secretary Kis­ Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, as a be judged in conjunction with the threats singer and Ambassador Bunker how it has member of the Illinois delegation, I am to seize the canal by force which have been worked, what with the numerous Soviet obviously in a Position to appreciate the made by Panama's dictator, General Torrijos. harassments, the Berlin blockade and airlift, great leadership and legislative skill con­ Coupled with Castro's provocative claims to and the monstrous Berlin Wall stm standing stantly demonstrated by my colleague, unity with Puerto Rico, this is the kind of there as a monument to diplomatic folly? BOB MICHEL, the Republican whip of the handwriting on the wall that leaves no room Joint sovereignty is a guarantee of discord, turmoil, and bellicose ventures. House. BoB has emerged as one of the for dispute. giants of the House of Representatives. If any further evidence is needed that Such ventures are part and parcel of the Castro was speaking for the Kremlin, it is Soviet arsenal of planted provocations and It is especially noteworthy that his lo­ to be found in a suppressed report by the frame-ups in the field of international rela­ cal publications have recognized how well Committee on Security of the Organization tions, as anyone who would look into the they are represented, and I am pleased voluminous record can see. For the Kremlin to place in the RECORD at this point an of American States. The report, compiled to stage an "appropriate" inciden"ti in the before Cuban troops were dispatched to Canal Zone would be an elementary exercise. article about my distinguished colleague Angola, deals with Soviet domination of Under the Brezhnev doctrine, a fraternal which· appeared on February 15, 1976, in Cuba's quasimilitary secret police, the DGI, alliance between sovereign Panama and Cuba Peoria, Ill., publications. and concludes: would provide legal cover for a move into BOB MICHEL'S YEAR "Castroite agents are now infiltrating the the Canal Zone. The Kremlin would simply (By C. L. Dancey) structure of Latin American countries and respond to a call for help from the "socialist the United States, and are also utilizing camp." In all fairness, we ought to recognize what has happened this year to the Representa­ Latin and North American agents in their It is no secret that the ruling junta tn sabotage in full collaboration with agents Moscow has been smarting from the hu­ tive from the Eighteenth district of Illinois, of the KGB (the Soviet secret police). The miliating defeat it suffered in 1962 in Cuba Robert Michel. DGI is now an extension of the KGB." at the hands of President Kennedy, and has He has made the biggest splash in Wash­ The Cuban military establishment is now been dreaming of retaliation to redeem its ington of any congressman from these parts nothing but an extension of the Soviet Army. impaired prestige among the worldwide Com­ since Everett Dirksen moved up to the Sen­ How else is one to characterize the combined munist parties. ate. That's a fact. Soviet air and sea lift which is transporting Instead of employing Soviet military and Our Man in Washington, right or wrong, troops from Cuba to Angola, according to naval personnel, as Khrushchev did in Octo­ has been in the middle of every major ac­ Pentagon sources, bringing Castro's expe­ ber, 1962, in his move to establish missile tivity there and has often seemed to be carry­ ditionary force up to 10,500 men at this bases in Cuba, Brezhnev's politburo would ing a good deal of the load of the Minority writing? conduct its operation in Panama by making Leader. Two days after Castro first threw down the use of Cuban troops bearing Soviet arms. The Whip, which position Michel holds, is gauntlet, the official Soviet mouthpiece, Since it is generally recognized that the sometimes regarded as just that--the fellow Izvestia, echoed his call that support of na­ Cuban role in Angola is a provocative adven­ whose job it is to "whip" the party mem­ tional liberation movements is one of the ture, it provides a fitting occasion for Wash­ bers out of their offices and onto the floor most important principles of Soviet foreign ington to raise the long-delayed issue of when they are needed for a crucial vote, or policy. That theme has been stressed again American "on-site" inspection, under United to get them "in line" for parliamentary and again in recent weeks in Soviet pro­ Nations auspices, of the naval pens in Cuba tactics. nouncements. where Soviet nuclear submarines are alleged The days of that kind of party discipline What this amounts to ts a warning to all to be sheltered. often seem to be long gone, but there are a that the Brezhnev doctrine, proclaimed at Such inspection was provided for in the lot of "mechanics" st111 tc be sure that your the infamous invasion of Czechoslovakia in Khrushchev-Kennedy agreement of 1962. side is "covered" at all times regarding hear­ 1968, ls being applied and tested now in With the enormous expansion since then of ings and calendar. Angola as a proving-ground. with Cuba as Soviet sea power, and what with the frequent The Minority Leader usually carries the the instrument. sighting of Soviet nuclear submarines off brunt of the actual battle on the floor as The Kremlin has served notice, the way the Atlantic Coast, it is more urgent than spokesman. Hitler did in Mein Kampf, that it assumes ever to have Cuba permit "on-site" inspec­ Michel, however, as Whip has been doing the right to wage war in any part of the tion of her naval bases. a lot of that, and there are times when he planet where an anti-capitalist revolutionary The United States challenge to Cuba for has looked very good-if not at the time, movement appears. That such movements periodic "on-site" inspection of her sub­ later with the advantage of hindsight. marine harbors is sure to be backed by a ma­ His speech on the floor against the so­ can and have been engineered by the Krem- called election "reform" package which has 1ln's own underground agencies ls clear in jority of the Organization of American States turned out to be such a dud may turn out Peking, in Belgrade, in Bucharest, in Egypt, (OAS) . This challenge could very well start to be a classic. He pointed out that it was but not to the American public which has with a demand for Castro to withdraw his rigged to do the opposite of reform and give been befuddled for years by the mythology troops from Angola. This is the moment for extra. advantage to "incumbents," noting of detente. diplomacy to resort to plain truth about the that he is an incumbent and one of the The Brezhnev doctrine ls a cloud hanging menace of the Soviet-Cuban miUtary al­ beneficiaries, but that it was wrong and he -over the Caribbean in the form of the Cuban liance to this hemisphere and, specifically, ' urged his Republican colleagues to set aside -expeditionary force in Angola where troops to the Panama Canal. personal advantage and recognize the drive of 3714 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 18, 1976 a huge Democratic majority to perpetuate CZECH SPY ABUSES name of Joseph Frolik, said he spent 17 years itself. in the HSR-the Czech Inte111gence Service Oddly, ADA, the "liberal wing" of the Dem­ before defecting in 1968 with his wife and ocratic party, has damned the new "reform" HON. FRANK ANiNUNZIO son. Frolik told the story of "sabotaging" a as doing just that, with the figures to prove OF ll.LINOIS it. But, ADA, which condemns Michel, inci­ visiting Canadian hockey team that beat a dentally, came up with its strong condemna­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Soviet squad during a tournament in Prague tion months after the act was voted into Wednesday, February 18, 1976 and was to meet the Czechs the next day. law-not when it would do any good. Michel "After (the Canadians) returned to the said the same thing in the well of the House Mr. ANNUNZIO. Mr. Speaker, I would Hotel International in Prague," he said, face to face with his colleagues when they like to call to the attention of my col­ "Minister of Interior Rudolf Ba.rag gave an were deciding how to vote. leagues in the House of Representatives order to Col. Matousek to call all the Likewise, when this Congress gathered an article that appeared in the Chicago best-looking Prague hookers-intelligence a.mid claims of a veto-proof majority that Sun-Times on Monday, February 9, 1976, agents-to the hotel. These hookers did such could become a "runaway" Congress that regarding the brutal methods used by the a job on the Canadian team that the next would brush the President aside and go on a day in the finals, the Czechoslovakians very "liberal spree" Michel rejected that assess­ Czechoslovakian Intelligence Service. easily defeated them." ment--although it would have political ad­ All of us have been witness to the He said women were used to recruit agents vantages-to make a judgment publicly that Olympic games held in Innsbruck, from other countries or for covert investiga­ proved true. Austria. We have heard about the t..mer­ tion. He said that such large majorities don't ican hockey team being involved in a Americans are prime targets, he said. "In work that way. They split up, fight for power · brawl, and as you read this article, it is its plans, in its targeting, and in its over-all among themselves, and become "Unmanage­ easy to wonder if the Americans were effort, the intelligence service· of Communist able." There was universal agreement later Czechoslovakia places the United States in that this is what actually happened. framed or drugged by Communist spies. position of Enemy No. l," Frolik said. There are other issues, of course, in which While we in this country abuse and The aim, he said, is to try to "heighten the right or wrong has not yet been clearly ridicule our intelligence agencies, our chaos" in the United States and allied coun­ demonstrated, and many that are matters of enemies abroad are having a field day all tries by any means. political philosophy that will always be over the world. Almost all of Europe is He gave the names of Czech and Slovak fought and never settled. falling prey to the influence of com­ exiles who he said were killed by Czech However, Michel's important role and the munism and we have already seen South­ agents in West Germany in the 1950s and respect in which he is held out there where east Asia fall prey to the communist on­ told about a Czech woman who he said was he does his job has become clear by the tortured and killed by a Czech agent in New attention he has been getting from the slaught. Angola and other areas of the York Oct. 18, 1962, resulting in the suicide national press, by the respect given him by world are now the targets of open com­ of her husband. the philosophically opposed Washington munist military attack. The woman was identified as Mrs. Karel Post there in the city, and, formally, by the When are Americans going to learn Zizka, whose husband was a code clerk at Congressional staff organization made up of that communism is totalitarianism? the Czech mission at the United Nations. the professional workers in a.II legislators' When are we going to learn that totali­ According to Frolik, a Czech agent first offices from both parties who just voted our tarianism means total control, by the disfigured Mrs. Zizka's face and then put a Man in Washington the "Man of the Year" most brutal methods, over a person's bullet through her head. Her husband re­ among legislators. turned from work, "went mad" and killed You can't shrug off that kind of tribute work, education, religious beliefs, artistic himself, Frolik said. from the folks inside the offices who know and political expression, and over every The witness said Czech intell1gence opera­ what's really going on and who is doing the other type of human activity? tions in the United States are directed from real work. The article follows: the Czech Embassy in Washington and its Whether one agrees with Michel or not in [From the Chicago Sun-Times, February 9, permanent mission at the United Nations in general or on this single issue or that, there 1976] New York. Frolik said Czech intelligence agents make is no denying that in 1975 this district had DEFECTOR TELLS CZECH SPY ABUSES every reason to be proud, and no cause to up 60 per cent of diplomatic and 50 per cent apologize for the quality and performance WASHINGTON.-Czech Communist spies use of nondiplomatic personnel. of our representative. sex, blackmail and money to recruit or en­ Their information and penetration "tar­ trap Westerners into their inte111gence web gets" are the White House, the Congress and Among those closest to the action, agree­ and they torture and k111 defectors, a former branches of U.S. government, particularly ing with him or not in philosophy, he has agent said. the Pentagon and the State Department, the been clearly rated as outstanding. An internal security subcommittee of the Democratic and Republican parties-but not He commands respect, and he commands Senate Judlciary Committee made public 64 the U.S. Communist Party, which is off attention. pages of testimony Sunday that was given in limits-AFL-CIO and other labor bodies, That is quite a feat in the Congress of secret session in November deta111ng the ethnic and civil liberties groups and even 1975-76. methods used by the Czech intelligence. consumer advocate Ralph Nader "because of It deserves to be brought to attention. The former agent, identified by the false the power of his organization."

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