January 6, 1969 '.EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 247
REPORT OF TELLERS of the United States, as delivered to the 2228, New Senate Office Building, before Mr. CURTIS. Mr. President, on behalf President of the Senate, is as follows: the Committee on the Judiciary, on John of the tellers on the part of the Senate, The whole number of electors ap N. Mitchell, of New York, Attorney Gen I wish to report on the counting of the pointed to vote for Vice President of the eral-designate. vote for President and Vice President. United States is 538, of which a majority At the indicated time and place per The state of the vote for President of is 270. sons interested in the hearing may make the United States, as delivered to the SPIRO T. AGNEW, of the State of Mary such representations as may be pertinent. President of the Senate, is as follows: land, has received for Vice President of The whole number of electors ap the United States 301 votes. EDMUND s. MUSKIE, of the State of ADJOURNMENT UNTIL THURSDAY, pointed to vote for President of the JANUARY 9, 1969 United States is 538, of which a majority Maine, has received 191 votes. Curtis E. LeMay, of the State of Cali Mr. KENNEDY. Mr. President, if there is 270. fornia, has received 46 votes. is no further business to come before the Richard M. Nixon, of the State of New Senate, I move, in accordance with the York, has received for President of the previous order, that the Senate stand in United States 301 votes. NOTICE OF HEARING adjournment until 12 o'clock noon on HUBERT H. HUMPHREY, of the State of Mr. EASTLAND. Mr. President, on be Thursday next. Minnesota, has received 191 votes. half of the Committee on the Judiciary, The motion was agreed to; and EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS FIFTEEN YEARS OF PROGRESS: A to what may have been desalting does not destructive power of the atom has been har REVIEW OF THE U.S. DESALTING report what type of tree that was. I can as nessed to peaceful productivity-to provide sure you that many scientists and engineers the enormous quantities of energy needed to PROGRAM wish they knew. Some experts have specu wrest a limitless supply of fresh water from lated that it may have been history's first the world's salty oceans and seas. ion exchanger, but they have not been will Soon after World War II a water crisis HON. HAROLD T. JOHNSON ing to provide us with a cost estimate. struck. In the United States and elsewhere OF CALIFORNIA The earliest authenticated opinion that the water problems had been growing. After the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ultimate structure of matter is discrete, war we recognized these problems to be suffi rather than continuous, is ascribed to De ciently serious to require U.S. Government Monday, January 6, 1969 mocritus, who lived about 450 B.C. According action to stimulate the economic production to Democritus, "The only existing things are of potable water from saline waters. A few Mr. JOHNSON of California. Mr. the atoms and empty space; all else is mere small land-based plants were in operation in Speaker, as chairman of the Subcommit opinion.'' the U.S. at that time, but in remote arid loca tee on Irrigation and Reclamation of the These two ancient reports set the stage tions and only as last resort for water supply. House Committee on Interior and Insular for man's struggle in the ensuing decades: Up to that point in our history, desalting Affairs, I have taken a very active interest to repeat Moses' miracle and turn bitter was primarily Within the province of naval in the efforts of this Nation to develop waters sweet ... to change Democritus' opin vessels and the maritime industry, who new sources of water through desalting ion of matter to fact. This generation of wanted a reliable supply of water and equip man-in the past three decades-has ment of a manageable size. The cost of the programs. Currently responsible for the achieved marked success in his desalting ef water, while important, was of secondary major effort of this is the Honorable Max forts. consideration. N. Edwards, Assis~ant Secretary for Wa Most early interest in desalting stemmed In 1952 cost became a critical factor. For ter Quality and Research, U.S. Depart from the seafarers' fear of an agonizing ward-looking legislation passed by the U.S. ment of the Interior. Mr. Edwards should death-perishing of thirst. Congress that year called for the development be commended for his contribution to the U.S. interest in desalting can be traced of practicable means to produce fresh water progress which we have made here in this back to 1791, when Thomas Jefferson, then from sea water or from other saline Secretary of State, presented one of the first waters ... at low cost. That water was to be Nation. technical reports on the subject. It described of a quality suitable for agriculture, industry, Not long ago, Mr. Edwards addressed a simple distillation experiment he had con municipal supply and other desirable uses. an international symposium on nuclear ducted. This data, he instructed, was to be The ultimate goal of the program was to find desalination conducted in Madrid, Spain. printed on the reverse of all ships• papers, out if it was feasible to desalt water and dis He reviewed the 15 years of progress so that our merchant marines could produce tribute it on a large scale basis. which this Nation has made in our de an emergency source of fresh water if their Congress had issued a considerable chal salination program and looked to the water casks became foul or empty at sea. lenge. The few small land-based desalting The first practical conversion units were plants in existence in the world at that time future of where we can go from here. developed to meet the requirements of steam produced a trickle of fresh water at costs Since there is no greater problem fac ships for fresh boiler water. The conversion ranging upward from $4 per 1000 gallons. ing the scientific and engineering com device made the steamship an economic re But enormous volumes of water were needed munities of the world today than to pro ality. Without it, most of the available cargo for agriculture and at very low costs. The vide cheap and inexhaustible sources of space would have been required to store challenge for scientists and engineers was pure fresh water for all mankind, I want boiler-feed water. this-increase plant size at least one to share with you Secretary Edwards' By World War II, all major naval vessels hundred-fold and cut costs 95 %. comments and evaluation at this point. and passenger liners carried their own bat The Office of Saline Water was established tery of evaporators. Hundreds of small mobile by the Secretary of the Interior to come to Accordingly, Mr. Speaker, I insert his re desalting units were also constructed to sup grips With this challenge. The Saline Water marks in the RECORD, as follows: ply fresh water for U.S. military forces in the Act of 1952 authorized $2 million for a five FIFTEEN YEARS OF PROGRESS: A REVIEW OF South Pacific and North Africa. While these year program. However, it quickly beca.tne THE UNITED STATES DESALTING PROGRAM field units helped to solve a difficult military evident that this was insufficient time and The Bible records what is perhaps the old logistics problem, they were difficult and ex inadequate funding for a giant task. So, the est desalting feat: "So Moses brought Israel pensive to operate. original law was amended a number of times from the Red Sea, and they went out into On December 2, 1942, the first sustained, to extend the life of the program and to in the wilderness, and found no water. And controlled production of atomic energy was crease its funds. More than $160 m1llion has when they came to Marah, they could not accomplished. No one realized then that this been devoted to desalting development and drink of the waters of Marah for they were secret effort to develop the most powerful the quest for new or improved processes bitter; therefore, the name of it was called weapon ever devised by man might also bring continues. Marah. And the people murmured against vast new quantities of water to a parched We have made marked progress toward our Moses, saying, 'What shall we drink?' And he world. desalting goal. This has been a result of cried unto the Lord; and the Lord shewed It is an exciting experience to have 11 ved OSW programs, private industry's research him a. tree, which when he had cast into the during a time when desalting technology has and engineering, and the growing attention waters, the waters were made sweet." advanced from relative obscurity to the being given to desalting by the governments Desalting? Perhaps. Unfortunately, the prominence of practical application. It is a and industries in other countries. Book of Exodus with this earliest reference great ·achievement of man that the awesome We in the United States operate our na- EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 6, 1969 tional program by means of contracts and Since our own plans to construct a dual plant is incidental-the real product of the grants to individuals, universities, private purpose nuclear power and water desalting operation is engineering data. research organizations and industrial firms. plant have been delayed, we will be looking Another distillation method which utilizes Many of these contracts have been awarded forward to receiving data from the USSR re the vertical tube evaporators has been under to universities and organizations outside the lating to the dual-purpose plant now under intensive development by the Office of Saline United States in order to take advantage of construction at Shevchenko. We also would Water since 1956. Although vertical tube talents outside our own country. be interested in any information they may evaporators had long been used in the chem When significant new information and wish to provide concerning their plans for ical industry to concentrate and separate data are obtained from a research study, the additional nuclear desalting plants in the liquors, a 15,000 gallons per day plant con results are published and disseminated Donets Basin or elsewhere. structed at Wrightsville Beach, North Caro throughout the world. Over 350 such reports Commercial plants marketed by the fledg lina was the first attempt to adapt this have been issued and they currently are be ling desalting industry a decade ago had cycle to desalting. The data the Office of ing released at the rate of about two reports reached fresh water production rates of over Saline Water obtained from the construction per week. In addition, an annual report 1-million gallons per day. Water costs were and operation of this small unit provided which summarizes the work sponsored each on the range of $2 per 1000 gallons, though, the basis for the first large plant constructed year by the Office of Saline Water is dis because of very low performance ratios and by the Office of Saline Water. tributed throughout the world. Many of you frequent shut-downs because of scale control This first plant, located at Freeport, Texas, may have received the !967 Saline Water problems. But even at this high water cost, was completed in 1961. Although the plant Conversion Report, but for those of you who the market for desalting plants began to quickly reached its design capacity of 1-mil do not have this publication, over 100 copies grow. lion gallons of fresh water per day, its op are available for distribution at this It was in this same time period tha.t the eration was plagued by a variety of problems. meeting. present work-horse process of the desalting The problems we encountered at Freeport We welcome visitors at any of the plants business began to emerge: multistage fl.ash were a direct result of "too much too soon." or test facilities operated by the Office of distillation. With the advent of this new dis By that, I mean in its effort to push desalt Saline Water. Hundreds of scientists and tillation cycle the pace of desalting applica ing technology as rapidly as possible, the engineers from many nations have come to tions began to quicken. Office of Salfne Water attempted to utilize study first-hand the pilot plant and test Multistage fl.ash distillation took a great too many new designs, equipment, materials, bed units which we use to advance our en forward stride with the construction of a and operating innovations at one time. As a gineering development program. l-mi111on gallons per day experimental plant result, serious questions were raised concern I have just highlighted the information at San Diego, California in 1962. New design, ing the potential of the process. Citing just dissemination program of the Office of Saline construction and operating data that one example, the 40 foot long vertical tubes Water. Since the very beginning of the U.S. emerged at San Diego became the standard in the evaporators were made of mild steel, saline water conversion program we have design or procedure for many of the commer which, contrary to the data obtained from maintained a policy to make the results of cial plants that followed. the operation of the small pilot plant, quickly our research and development efforts avail When a water crisis developed at the U.S. deteriorated under the corrosive attack of able to the entire world. It is a policy which Naval Base at Guantanamo, Cuba, the San the hot sea water. we shall continue, and we urge all nations Diego plant was transferred to Guantanamo, A series of modifications were made to the to adopt similar procedures. where it was subsequently enlarged to a pro plant and as new operating techniques were In 1956, the Office of Saline Water spon duction capacity of 2.1 million gallons per developed, the potential of the process grad sored its first study of the applicability of day. It continues in operation today provid ually improved. With the advent of newly combining nuclear reactors with saline water ing all of the fresh water needs of the mm designed tubes which provided substantial distillation processes. One statement in the tary installation. advances in heat transfer rates, the process report that was issued as a result of that Continuing our development of multistage that once looked like a poor contender in study bears repeating at this meeting. fl.ash distillation, in 1966 construction began the search for lower-cost desalted water, now "The conversion of sea water to fresh water on a 1-mill1on gallons-per-day plant of ad appears to have excellent technical merit and in quantities approaching only a few percent vanced design. Named the Clair Engle plant, good economic potential. In fact, next week, of the current water consumption rate will in honor of a U.S. Senator who had been a Secretary of the Interior Stewart L. Udall will require the expenditure of a staggering great supporter of the desalting program, the dedicate the world's first commercial VTE amount of energy-either as thermal energy plant utilizes a multieffect-multistage fl.ash plant. Located on St. Croix, in the Virgin for distillation or mechanical energy for distillation cycle. The plant has achieved a Islands, the 1-million gallons-per-day plant pumping. The energy requirements are so performance fatio of 20 pounds of product was competitively priced below multistage large indeed that it seems unlikely that fossil water for each pound of steam. This efficiency fl.ash distillati up this· new mirror of· "self-consciousness" in the prizes of that age~in return for a spirit, has people thinking in terms of find we see not the failure of scientists and engi guarantee not to develop· nuclear weapons, a ing economic ways to process and reuse al neers but the reflection of altogether broader costly and unproductive task for most na most all of our natural resources, and where human weaknesses magnified by our scien tions and particularly if it involves them in some waste·disposal is necessary, never to do tific age. We see that science and technology, a nuclear arm5 race with their neighbors. it in a way that abuses nature or man. Many as well as serving man the pioneer, the Nuclear power, which is now a safe, re such scientists and engineers see the even build.er, the provider and the healer, can liable and highly competitive means of gen tual recycle of sewage into potable water also amplify his less admirable traits. They erating electricity in this country, can be and useful fertilizer. They see products de can hasten the day of retribution resulting an important factor in the overall develop signed and tagged for economic reprocessing from hts lack of foresight. They can im:O ment of many other countries. The time may back to basic materials after their initial personalize his inhumanity to his fellow not be far off when this compact source of lifetime. They see the milions of tons of auto man. They can add to his self-indulgence. energy will be the basis of a new level of mobiles junked every year as the "mother And although I have tried to soften the industrialization and agricultural productiv lodes" of the future. They see large, clean blow by using the word "can,'' we all know ity in many areas of the world, when the nuclear plants producing tremendous to what extent they have done these things. atom will help provide electricity, fresh amounts of power for electric furnace opera The remarkable thing is that it has taken water, fertilizer and many other badly needed tions and to provide process heat in order us so long to see all this as clearly as we products and services. But that time will to accomplish some of these recycle tasks do today. come much sooner if there can be full co economically. And as a result of all this and Now, the question is what do we do about operation between today's nuclear and non more, they see a cleaner, healthier, more it? How do we take this great power of sci nuclear powers based on guarantees that attractive environment for man. ence, with its even greater potential for the materials shared for peaceful purposes are Now again, all this is not going to happen future, and direct it toward building a bet not diverted to weapons. And considering overnight. We will have to move step-by ter society here at home, and eventually an that the projected growth of nuclear pow step-though at as quick a pace as possible ideal global civilization on this planet? er around the world could produce by the to accomplish this. We cannot turn off our How do we use it to create peace, a healthy 1980's enough plutonium for the manufac power plants, or shut down whole industries, environment and as much human fulfill ture of dozens of nuclear weapons a day, or ban cert'ain modes of transportation. Nor ment as possible? such guarantees are essential. can we indiscriminately legislate against pol To begin with, we must establish a more The indirect advantage of an effective non lution with total disregard for economic fac positive and forward-looking approach to the proliferation treaty is that it could also cre tors. But we can, and are beginning to, take future. There is "no return to Eden," as ·ate a climate of trust and hope so essential certain steps to abate waste and pollution, Professor Boulding points out. While we can to other steps leading to ·arms limitation and to set reasonable new restrictions and re recall, study and learn from our past, we disarmament. For in a world where the gional and national standards. And through know we cannot relive it. Nor do I believe smaller nations could make substantial prog new technologies-based on sound research that most people would want to if they were ress with the peaceful assistance of the larger and development--we can solve our environ to sample more than a day or two of any ones tensions would be reduced and there mental problems even while our population era of history. But neither do I believe, as WOUld not be SO much Of the social and po and industry continue to grow. We have the does a rather vocal minority today, that we litical ferment that causes conflicting ideol scientific and technical resources in this must necessarily tear down all of today's in ogies to polarize. In other words, we might country to do this if we can engender the stitutions to make way for tomorrow's. (This have a period conducive to :taking further scientific and social attitudes to support makes ·even less sense when you have no idea steps to reverse the arms race-cutbacks in them. Basic to this is an idea that may be of what you plan to build in their place.) weapons production and further agreements hard for. some people to accept, since it runs The renewed scientific spirit I propose to on restricting types of weapons and areas contrary to the naive philosophy that "the day embraces then the ideal that we, first of where they might be employed-these com best things in life are free." (Even the first all, free science from sin-that we stop wast bined with positive steps of building new eco line of the song of that title "The moon be ing time and energy ft.ailing science for some nomic and cultural . ties. Hopefully, all this longs to everyone ..." may not be true for of our current predicaments. At the same would also allow the developed nations of very long in this space age.) What we must time that we do this we must pursue the the world to divert a greater amount of funds realize now is that there is a price to pay idea that it is more science, better science, from arms-now at a total world cost of these days for clean air, clean waterways, at more wisely applied that is going to free us about $180 billion annually-to projects that tractive living areas, open spaces and the from these predicaments. What I am speaking would significantly aid the developing coun flourishing of nature and wildlife. And for of here is the application of science and sci tries, many of which could "take off" agri some time that price may be high and will entific thinking both to alleviate immediate culturally and economically with a certain have to be shared by all. But I think that ills and to set the underlying philosophy for amount of additional assistance. most of us are beginning to recognize this and a rationale for the future handling of our Unfortunately, this rather slow step-by- that it is part of the new maturity that will technological and social development. . step way to peace is the only realistic one. accompany our new scientific age. But rather than speak theoretically, let I am afraid that many of those who so loud The same underlying philosophy, I believe, me illustrate what I mean by applying some ly advocate "instant" peace and "instant" must be applied to the way we deal with the of this scientific thinking to the areas of freedom have never had the chance to know problems of our man-made environment confrontation I summarized earlier. how closely these highly prized idea.Is are these days-with our cities, our transporta First, within the context of the search for tied to responsibility and hard work. But I tion, communications and educational sys world peace, let us look at the problem of think we can achieve peace and freedom more tems. Here again many have a right to be nuclear proliferation. We cannot prevent the rapidly if we use science and technology, and impatient, but reason must prevail. And if it spread of nuclear weapons by decrying the particularly nuclear power, as a lever rather does, I believe we can move forward a lot discovery of fission, trying to restrain the than as a club. faster than many others think. growth of nuclear technology abroad, or sim We must also use science and a scientific Of course, a major dilemma we face in this ply shouting "ban the bomb." But we may approach to solve our environmental prob area is that it is a "people problem"-that make progress in reducing, and eventually lems. Here again there is no instant solution the interfaces involved have human faces, re reversing, the arms race by a series of realis to our almost instant pollution. There is flecting human aspirations-and that our tic steps that tie in scientific and political the ''affiuence-is-the-cause-of-our-effiuents" modern media have opened the floodgate of economic developments. The nuclear non school of thinking that blames all our waste rising expectations. As a result we have a proliferation treaty (NPT) is, in fact, such a . on our productivity. But it does not neces tremendous number of what Harrison Brown step. It was drawn up by nations, including sarily follow that the good life of the fu calls "combustible people." the two major nuclear powers, who realized ture (materially speaking) must be the Nevertheless, the problem is far from hope that it is in their mutual interest to contain wasteful one of the past--not when we have less. For although we cannot rebuild-or the spread of nuclear weapons without de the knowledge and ability to deal rationally build anew--overnight our cities or the lives nying to any country the peaceful benefits with our environment. The enormous amount of the people in them, we can greatly im of the atom-and these, I must point out, of scientific and technical literature on this prove those lives as we go about the longer are considerable and constantly growing. subject--and a good amount of it seems to term task of remolding our urban conditions One_direct scientific and technological ad find its way to my desk in Washington to meet human needs. In doing this I believe vantage of adherence to the NPT, and the hopefully indicates that we are becoming that it will again be the new scientific spirit international safeguards involved, is that it fully aware of our waste and conservation that will play the decisive role. However, it establishes a climate and a method wherein problems. More importantly, it indicates will take a massive effort by government, the nuclear nations can export with increas that we are on our way to solving most of private industry and our universities, using ing confidence the proliferating peaceful uses them, not only by developing various new every means of modern science and technol of nuclear energy-materials and technology technologies to deal with specific areas such ogy, to carry out such a remolding process. for power reactors and desalting plants, for as air and water pollution, solid waste and And as more and more experts in various biological and medical applications, for in sewage, and the accompanying ecological disciplines seem to agree, it will be a chal dustry a~d research of all kinds. The NPT problems, but by advancing an overall phi lenge that can only be handled successfully does -not deprive any nation of the right to losophy of conservation and recycle. by a systems approach-another outgrowth enter the nuclear age. To the contrary, it This philosophy, which ·I think is another of our new scientific thinking. It will be one opens up unparalleled opportunity to share example of the underlying new scientific thing to build within the next 20 to 30 years 254 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 6, 1969 · as much housing as has been required. dur heavy industry from the city. In essence, the ress we must have the guidance, the wisdom ing the past 200 years-and thalt is just what Nuplex would be· supplying th~ city (perhaps and the emotional energy-the spiritr-that we will need-and another to build not just more than one) with employment, products, these endeavors provide. We need both the houses but communities that provide em power, and possibly fresh water and food 1f perspective of history and the vision of the ployment, education, recreation and all the a desalting plant and agricultural process arts to realize the full meaning of human other necessities of the 21st Century living. ing were involved. I must stress, however, progress. Moreover, we are not talking about com that such developments still lie quite a ways The new scientific era that I urge then is munities and cities that are just separate in the future and that they depend on many really a scientific-humanistic era, one that entities, but vital parts of a nation that is scientific and te.chnological advances-all the could set the stage for the appearance of viable whole--physically, economically, po more reason why we must encourage "the what may well be "the renaissance man of litically and socially. That is the kind of a scientific spirit and the fullest application of the 21st Century." But the role that such a country and world we will have to be living science to the needs of man. man will play will be written today largely in by the year 2000. To do this will require In discussing science and the man-made by our attitudes toward science and the way an incredible a.mount of planning, hard work, environment I could go on almost indefinite we apply it. And I should add that it will resources and public and privaite participa ly-spelling out the details of far-ranging be written primarily in the halls of our great tion. And I emphasize planning to avoid hav plans and ideas that have crossed my desk universities and in the minds and hearts of ing the 21st Century become, as Michael Har in one form or another. These ideas range you who have gathered here to dedicate your rington calls the 20th Century, "The Acci !ram vast undertakings of geological engi selves to the scientific spirit. dental Century." The magnitude of change neering-such as the plan to create the From my visits to universities around the that can be produced by our Scientific Revo "Great Lakes of South America," vastly in country that are undertaking programs siin lution of today so far overshadows the creasing the power, water and transportation ilar to what you are doing here at Duquesne, changes wrought by the Industrial Revolu usefulness of the Amazon River, to a nation I can tell you that you are far from being tion that we can no longer afford to leave wide educational and communication plan in alone in this endeavor. You are part of a much to chance. (Someone once said, we tend our own country that would tie together for quiet revolution. It is a revolution that to confuse destiny with bad management. In instant retrieval the information available at garners few headlines. It does not feed on the future our destiny will be even more all our major universities and national fear or violence. It crosses national bound closely tied to management-so "!le had better libraries. They might also include nuclear aries without suspicion or distrust. It speaks place great emphasis on good management in powered agro-industrial centers in coastal in all languages to all men who are willing the days ahead.) desert areas-centers which could produce to work, to learn, to change. And I think it Specifically, what are some of the develop food for many millions of people on previ is the one revolution that will prevail ments in revamping our man-made environ ously unproductive land. Such ambitious simply because it speaks a prevailing truth. ment that will most likely take place, and plans are not hairbrained schemes, but ideas This is my case for a new scientific era. what role will science and technology play in based on much sound research and the appli Let us work together to make it a new era them? cation of new technologies, some of which are of human progress--one that can be shared First of all, important advances in the de already in use and others that are quite feasi by all men who would walk this earth in velopment and use of new maiterials and con ble for use in the near future. peace yet continue to reach for the stars. struction technologies have been made, and But since there is not time to dwell on are being refined, that can allow more em these today, let me conclude with a few gen cient and economic renovation and recon eral thoughts by way of summary. struction of many areas of our major cities. I have trled today to impress you with both ROBERT M. MORGENTHAU Such renewal and rehabilitation can go a the idea that science has brought us to a new long way in providing decent low-cost hous level of challenge and response and the belief ing for the large number of people who will that we will have to use science to the :fullest HON. RICHARD L. OTTINGER choose to remain in today's core cities. One to respond to the challenge. This, in effect, OF MEW YORK of the major U.S. industrial firms in the is the essence of our creative evolution construction material field has already suc which now seems almost to be taking place in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cessfully used a technique which literally re quantum jumps. Monday, January 6, 1969 builds from the inside out an almost unin From our activities today there also seems habitable apartment building. The technique to be evolving an overall "scientific truth" Mr. OTTINGER. Mr. Speaker, despite has rejuvenated entire city block&-and that is more than the theory of any one all the attention which has been focused what's more, the company that developed it discipline but which many great minds of on the problem of crime in the United believes that on a large scale it will provide our day seem to be expressing in one way or States, too little has been said and writ financial as well as social profits. another. In its broadest sense it is a realiza ten regarding the role of the U.S. attor Concurrent with the renewal of our major tion that 1f we a.re to survive as a species we neys. cities, I believe, like many others, that we must evolve to a new level of mankind in Since 1961, the southern district of are going to see a surge in the development almost everything we do. of "New Cities" in this country. These "New I believe that 1f we look at today's ten New York has had its U.S. attorney, Cities" and the even more imaginative "Ex sions and turmoil in terms of the larger Robert M. Morgenthau, a man of vision, perimental City," conceived by such men as changes they will create, we can see that a dedication, and courage. History will re Dr. Athelstan Spilhaus, Buckminister Fuller great new era of man is taking shape. Viewed cord him as one of the great U.S. attor and many others, will blaze new frontiers in in this respect, perhaps the current resur neys, but perhaps his highest tribute urban living. Housing anywhere from 50,000 gence of nationalism is the last we will see comes from the criminal community to 250,000 or more people, they will be of such a phenomenon. Perhaps most of the which has marked him as its No. 1 planned and constructed with the most world will soon realize that we can no longer enemy. scientific and systematic consideration of afford to act "tribally." It is true that people hUinan needs--a clean environment, efficient and nations have a need for identity and a Victor Navasky's recent article in the transportation and communication, facilities sense of pride. But must this always be at New York Times magazine gives an in for all types of education and recreation. the expense of others? We are rapidly be teresting look at Bob Morgenthau-as an Naturally, there will have to be a sound eco coming one world technologically--so we individual and as a public servant. I com nomic basis for building such clties and they must become one in other ways-economi mend it to the attention of my col will have to have continued economic viabil cally, socially and through reaching a new leagues: ity. To establish this we may see programs level of the human spirlt. THE U.S. ATTORNEY FOR 'NEW YORK SOUTH' whereby the government offers incentives to All this does not mean, as some fear, the industry to expand and develop new facilities death of diversity or individualism. The view (By Victor S. Nava.sky) away from the current population centers, of the scientific world of the future as one Given the national obsession with "law and drawing people away from the congested only of homogenized human beings-cogs in order" it is surprising that more attention areas to which they continue to flock. People a vast technological machine-is one ad has not been paid to the men who define the will move to these new areas 1f we can create vanced by those lacking in imagination. The law and enforce it, the nation's prosecutors. new opportunities and new hope-and fulfill unity that science and technology urge upon President-elect Richard M. Nixon has prom them. us is one that can provide greater freedom ised to get rid of our first civil-libertarian At Eventually, as I have stated in many of my for the individual as it expands his environ torney General, but he has yet to tell us what talks, I see the atom playing a major role in ment, sparks his desire for more knowledge, a good prosecutor ought to do, what qualities the development of these new areas possibly stimulates his sense of wonder and gives him he should possess, what cases he should through the establishment of Nuplexes far broader challenges than the daily search bring. This is a signlflcant omission since, in large integrated industrial complexes con for security. addition to the Attorney General, Mr. Nixon structed about huge nuclear energy centers. It is because of this possibility-the possi.. will also appoint 93 United States Attorneya, Located outside of the cities, but perhaps b111ty of more freedom, diversity and creative whose mandate goes all the way back to the within short traveling distances, such com growth within the framework of a scientifia Judiciary Act of 1789, some 80 yea.rs before plexes processing raw materials, reprocessing world-that I have always urged an increased th~re even was a Department of Justice. much solid waste and using these resources in interest in the huma.nities and arts. To Traditionally, the job of U.S. Attorney Is all kinds ot manufacturing, would separate parallel and supplement our scientific prog- considered a patronage plum, a jumping-off January 6, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 255 point for a political career, basic training for ever, believe that under case law the Presi "Bob has an instinctive hatred for the a judicial appointment. But, as S. M. Hobbs dent can fire a U.S. Attorney only for cause. fixers, the wheeler-dealers, the promoters, the wrote in The Alabama Law Review 20 years It should not be forgotten that when L.B.J. men with connections," recalls a friend and ago, the job is more than that: "It is scarcely became President, Morgenthau was one of former Assistant U.S. Attorney. Indeed, this an exaggeration to say that in his untram the few U.S. Attorneys who did not turn in is one of the qualities which informs his meled discretion in deciding when and his resignation. And Attorney General Clark liberalism, and complements his idea that whether t.o file an information or press for recalls what happened when he telephoned the best way a prosecutor can reinforce re an indictment, when and whether t.o enter Morgenthau to sound him out on a Federal spect for law among the poor is by keeping a none prosequi or to 'bargain' with an ac judgeship: "He told me he felt a deep obliga close tabs on the rich. cused--or more broadly when and whether tion to his office and his people and he was Morgenthau's liberal reputation comes not to prosecute-[the prosecutor) has 'the scope in the middle of so many things so impor from any ultra-humanitarianism (although for tyranny of a Venetian doge.' " tant to him that he didn't think he would he seems the essence of decency, is an active Of today's 93 U.S. Attorneyships, none is want to be considered for the bench at that president of the Police Athletic League, serves more powerful, more aut.onomous, more re time." as an adviser to the New York School of spected or more coveted than the job of U.S. The only time Morgenthau ever indicated Social Work, etc.), nor from any overt evi Att.orney for the Southern District of New a willingness to give up the job was when dence that once he leaves office he will be York. This is partly because of the size of he did-to run for Governor against Rocke come a card-carrying member of the Ameri the office (he has 73 Assistant U.S. Attorneys feller in 1962. He lost. Since few observers can Civil Liberties Union. To the contrary, working for him as compared with one for ever gave Morgenthau a chance, I asked why the so-called hot issues of criminal law the U.S. Attorney from Wyoming), partly be he ran in the first place, "You mean why was confessions, right to counsel, search and cause of case load (he handles about 10 per I such a damn fool?" he said. "I knew it was seizure-are things with which he has not cent of all the criminal cases in the Federal a long shot but I thought, 'How often in a really concerned himself. "Frankly," he says, courts), partly because of the independent lifetime do you-does anybody-get that kind "they pose more problems for local law tradition of "New York South," and partly of opportunity?' So I thought it was worth enforcement agencies than for us.'' because of the high-principled, belligerent trying. I didn't count on the complete dis In fact, he flunks almost all the standard incumbent, Robert M. Morgenthau, originally array of the Democratic party, the divisive libertarian litmus tests. Legalized wire appointed from the Bronx by J.F.K. in 1961 fight we had in Syracuse, and I didn't count tapping? "There are two things to be said over the late Congressman Charlie Buckley's on the Cuban missile crisis. People just about wiretapping," he replies. "One, it is initial objections (he relented when the Ken weren't listening to anything else. But I some invasion of privacy. There is no doubt nedys threatened to bring in William Gaud, thought the weaknesses in Rockefeller's rec about that. But everything government does now A.I.D. administrator, from Connecticut), ord ought to be brought to public attention in a civilized society, from your birth certif reappointed in 1963 after his unsuccessful and they'd be good issues to campaign on.'' icate through the Wasserman test and the race for Governor and reappointed again by Regardless of how long he stays on the job, driver's license, involves some invasion of L.B.J. in 1967, despite the widely rumored de it is worth taking a look at Morgenthau's privacy, so it's a question of degree whether sire of the President to replace him with Ed stewardship of New York South, for at a time this is a greater invasion than society wants Weisl Jr., an Assistant Attorney General who when the Supreme Court is under attack as to tolerate. The other proposition is that it's also happened to be the son of the Presi soft on defendants, and the law-enforcement certainly some help to law-enforcement peo dent's old friend and Democratic National establishment is under attack (less visibly, to ple. You have to weigh these values-as to Committeeman from New York, Edwin L. be sure) as insufficiently sensitive to indi whether you want to help law enforcement Weisl. In 1965, when Attorney General Ram vidual rights and liberties, here is a man who or protect individual rights." sey Clark asked for evaluations of U.S. At has managed to retain his image as a liberal Sympathetic treatment of draft resisters? torneys as part of a talent search, he recalls, without undermining his reputation as a "When a kid in New York South refuses in "Bob Morgenthau was at or right near the prosecutor. Indeed, despite the air of absent duction, they arrest him on the spot," says top of everybody's list." minded, preoccupied academic which hovers Henry di Suvero of the National Emergency Unlike members of the Cabinet, U.S. At around his 49-year-old grayish hair, promi Civil Liberties Committee. "At the request torneys do not, explicitly serve at the Presi nent nose and pursed lips (which often seem of the U.S. Attorney's office there's high bail dent's pleasure. Normally this is irrelevant to be fighting off an incipient smile) , the re set, so in reality a kid is given the choice since a U.S. Attorney's four-year term is con curring adjective in descriptions by friend the Army or jail. In the Eastern District they current with that of the President who ap and foe alike is "tough." proceed by indictment, which means that you pointed him. But because of Morgenthau's An official from Justice recalls, "When I don't go to jail-there is time between the gubernatorial adventure and consequent off act and the arrest, and then the court au year appointments, the charter which hangs first met him I remember thinking, 'My God, we've made a mistake. How is this Casper tomatically assigns counsel." on the wall of his spacious office on the When I asked Morgenthau about this prac fourth floor of the U.S. Court House in Foley Milquetoast going to withstand the pressure?' Then we had lunch, and I watched him de tice he said he was not aware of it, but Square states in no uncertain terms that, would investigate. And after he had talked having been confirmed by the Senate, his stroy the carefully laid plans of an Assistant Attorney General who came down from Wash with those responsible, this is what he told term of office runs till June 1971. When I me: "This policy is consistent with the gen asked if he had resignation plans, he said, ington fully expecting to assume control over a category of cases that are handled from eral principle that when you have a clear-cut "My current thinking is that if they didn't crime-say an agent sees a truck about to be want me I probably wouldn't stay and I Washington everywhere but in New York South. He left with empty hands and I knew hijacked-you arrest on the spot. This is a might not stay anyway, but I'm kind of a case of a clear-cut crime in your presence. If believer in not crossing bridges till you have we had nothing to fear." "Bob wouldn't hesitate to send his own a truck has already been hijacked, then you to. What I'm concerned about now is that indict before a grand jury. On the draft card there are a lot of important cases and in mother up the river," says one of his admirers from the Kennedy Administration, "that is, burning business, we don't arrest because it's vestigations pending." not clear-cut. Is it his draft card? Is he The high probability is that Nixon will if he thought she was guilty. Of course, he would disqualify himself as an 'interested draftable? Etc. But when a man doesn't take want to get his own man in the job. The out thait step forward, he has committed a crime. side possibility is that, consistent with Nix party,' but he'd see that the processes of jus tice were carried through." Actually, something like 80 per cent end up on's unity theme and the nonpartisan nature reporting and the complaint is dismissed. It's of Morgenthau's tenure, he will retain Dem Shortly after he assumed office, Morgen thau was visited by a Congressman who an good from the draftee's standpoint because ocrat Morgenthau on a trial basis. The far if a man is indicted he has a criminal record out possibility is that Morgenthau will re nounced "urgent" business. He had, he said, a "constituent" who was charged with vio and that's serious; but it's bad from the fuse to step down, at least until he has protest organization's standpoint." cleaned up a number of big cases. They in lating the Trading with the Enemy Act (he clude the recent widely publicized indict had been importing hog bristles from Com Censorship? His office devotes hundreds of ment of the financier-lawyer Roy Cohn on 10 munist China), and would the new U.S. At valuable man-hours to protecting the citi counts, the cr·ackdown on American investors torney "kick it around" for a few months? zens of the judicial district from imported using secret Swiss bank accounts and cases "I'm not asking that he be let off, or any art movies like "I am Curious-Yellow." (The expected momentarily to break in organized thing like that, just that you kick it around Appeals Court has reversed a finding of ob crime. for a while.'' The new U.S. Attorney kicked scenity stating that "under standards estab What would happen in the unlikely event it around for about as long as it took the lished by the Supreme Court the showing of of a showdown between Morganthau and Congressman to get out the door, called the picture cannot be prohibited.") Mr. Nixon is uncertain. The law reads: "Each Silvio Mollo (the career attorney he even Sensitivity to free-speech problems? Helen United States Att.orney is subject t.o removal tually promoted to Chief Assistant, normally Buttenwieser, Morgenthau's cousin, recalls by the President.'' When an Eisenhower ap a post reserved for party patronage) , and that when she posted bail for convicted So pointee, Eliot L. Richardson, then U.S. At three days later they brought an indictment. viet spy Robert Soblen (non of New York's torney and now Attoney General of Massa "You could at least have postponed it for 30 bail bondsmen would accept the collateral chusetts, declined to resign after Kennedy's days so I could earn my fee," the Congress his family had raised), "Bob's omce tried to election, the Justice Department dug up a man fumed over the telephone. Looking back, prevent me from putting up the $100,000 bail Supreme Court precedent which convinced Morgenthau thinks it was fortunate that this and the excuse they used was '.foolish. They Richardson that the President has the right incident happened early: "Word gets around suggested that my money came from Oom. to appoint his own man. Some jurists, how- on what you can get away with.'' munist sources. Bob knew very wen I had the 256 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 6, 1969 money to put up. Actually, I put up $30,000, (After the indictment, union omcla.J.s, who points out that Cohn was still in law schbol another individual put up $30,000 and Sob had always booked two or three tables at when Harry Dexter White died after testify len's family and friends put up $40,000. Any the county dinner told Buckley: "No more ing before Congress, and says: "My father was way, at the hearing Vince Broderick, Bob's tables. If you can't control your own U.S. never called before the McCarthy subcom chief assistant, asked questions like: Had I Attorney, why should we take tables?") mittee, was never interrogated by them, and represented Alger Hiss? Did I belong to the For knowingly certifying a fraudulent bal if he was investigated by Roy Cohn, he never National Lawyers' Guild? As the Oourt point ance sheet he indicted the top officers of knew anything about it and, until Cohn's ed out, these questions were irrelevant. Lybrand, Ross Bros. & Montgomery, one of statements, neither did I. I might add I never I never talked to Bob about it because I the eight largest accounting firms in the felt it was necessary to vindicate my father's thought it would embarrass him. But now country. He made headlines when he in reputation." In any event, he goes on to when I see Vince Broderick I say, "Why the dicted and convicted the high-fiying Water note: "A man is not immune from prosecu hell didn't you win?'" (Soblen jumped bail Commissioner of the Lindsay Administration, tion merely because a United States Attorney and Mrs. Buttenwieser forfeited her money.) James L. Marcus, despite the fact that Dis happens not to like him." On matters Of concern to civil libertarians, trict Attorney Frank S. Hogan, who was In a way, the Cohn case raises again the then, Morgenthau seems an essentially con onto the case earlier, had not yet found old legal-ethics stickler: Is there anything ventional prosecutor, not initiating but tol enough evidence to prosecute. ("It takes wrong with prosecuting known public ene erating occassional prosecutorial excess. guts to go after a Marcus," observes one mies on minor charges, going after an Al After the latest Cohn case broke and Cohn member of the office. "Now everybody knows Capone for income-tax evasion? Morgen charged Morgenthau with abuse of process, he's guilty. But then he was a pillar of the thau's answer is clear, although he insists it I asked Prof. Norman Dorsen, of the N.Y.U. community. If one witness reneges, the whole has nothing to do with the Government's Law School and vice chairman of the board case caves in and the Establishment has prosecution of Cohn. "There's nothing wrong of directors of the American Civil Liberties t agged you as an irresponsible headline with making cases against people in positions Union, whether he thought Cohn's charges hunter.") of responsibility, people in the public eye. were credible, and he replied: "While I have The list seems endless, including the ex You have to be selective. We don't have not studied them in detail, it is interesting .ecutive vice president of Manufacturers Han enough personnel to investigate and bring to note that a grand jury composed Of his over Trust, the treasurer of the Democratic cases against everybody who violates the law. fellow citizens indicted him. And Morgen State Committee, and, of course, most re When your criminal intelltgence tells you thau generally represents the fl.nest kind o:t cently, Roy Cohn, who once served as an that a man is a public menace you have an prosecutor-sensitive to individual liberties Assistant U.S. Attorney in New York South, obligation to investigate him. and fair procedures as well as the responsi prosecuting Julius and Ethel Rosenberg for "Everyone knew Oapone was a ·bootlegger bility of his office to secure conviction." passing atomic secrets to the Russians. Cohn and a major criminal, and so I see nothing Morgenthau's unique contribution has been is the kind of man who, it is said, receives wrong in prosecuting him. to go beyond those Siamese-twin enemies of a box of cigars each Christma.s from J. "That doesn't mean bringing him up on all enlightened law enforcement--organized Edgar Hoover, was thrown a 45th birthday charges of jaywalking and, of course, it crime and labor racketeering-and engage in party by Terence J. Cooke, now Archbishop doesn't give you the right to railroad any an almost quixotic crusade against the white of New York enjoys financial relationships body. And bear in mind: Under Federal prac collar untouchables, the Wall Stree.t wheelers with Senator Everett Dirksen's administra tice, every safeguard is aft'iorded a defendant, and dealers, the corporate criminals. Tradi tive assistant and Senator Edward Long's whether the prosecutor wants to put him tionally, the U.S. Attorney takes cases as they son-in-law, pals around with the heir to the away or not." are referred to him by Governmen·t agencies Newhouse newspaper chain, and generally A man who has known Morgenthau for 10 which are in effect his clients. Under this mingles with the high and the mighty. The years says: "The Harry Dexter White thing system, it ls the clients-the Federal Bureau powerful chairman of the Senate Judiciary has nothing to do with Bob's prosecution of of Investigation, the Secret Service, the Committee, Senator James Eastland, is a Cohn. To him Cohn is a hot-shot, nouveau Postal Inspection Service, the Narcotics Bu Cohn partisan. riche parvenu. If anything, that has more to reau, the Immigration and Naturalization When Morgenthau several years ago un do with it. Service, the Selective Service-which make successfully brought charges against Cohn "I never understood him until I read Felix policy. "The referring agencies can make you (who has been in and out of court ever since, :Prankfurter's reminiscences about Bob's or break you," says an Assistant U.S. Attorney, most recently on charges of mail and wire grandfather, who was Wilson's Ambassador "because most of the big cases have concur fraud, false fl.ling with the S.E.C. and con to Turkey. He had a plan to win the First rent jurisdiction. So if they don't like you, spiring to pay a state court official $75,000). World War by detacl:ing Turkey from Ger they'll give it to another office." But in the Cohn told the press that Morgenthau was many and Austria. Nothing was going to stop ·area of corporate crime, Morgenthau has re retaliating against him for his role in embar him. Bob ha.. some of the same stubbornness. versed the conventional flow of business and rassing Morgenthau's father, Henry Morgen He doesn't look at a case :• :_ 1 a normal prose• has initiated cases rather than merely re thau Jr., F.D.R.'s Secretary of the Treasury. cutor: "How will it look in court? What are ceived them. He said, "When I was first in the Justice De our realistic chances of winning?" He's like a His quaint notion is that since the under . partment and then chief counsel to the Sen client in the sense that these fellows are privileged tend to regard law as an enemy, ate subcommittee, it was my duty to investi crooks and he knows it and everybody knows going after the men at the top is a useful way gate Soviet infiltration in the Treasury De it and he's not going to let them get away to demonstrate thait law can be an ally. "I partment. It dealt with the delivery of United with it. Also, the fact that he's not a trial feel," he says, "that the people who hold posi States occupation currency plates given to lawyer [he has not tried a single case as U.S. tions of power or trust and violate them are Russia at the direction of Mr. Morgenthau Attorney) makes him more rigid in terms of probably a more serious danger to a demo Sr. [sic] on the advice of Harry Dexter dealings with defense counsel. He tends to go cratic society than organized crime or crime White. by the book.'' Another associate observes: in the streets. I also think that the ability "I have no personal malice toward Morgen "Only a man with the security of his family or inability of government to deal with this thau Sr.," Mr. Cohn continued. "I never met background could operate the way he does." kind of crime has a substantial bearing on him. But Morgenthau Jr. has harbored a Without generalizing from family back how the public, particularly the underpriv feeling about this. I say somebody up there ground, it makes sense that, having watched ileged publlc, regards law enforcement. If he just doesn't like me." his father (a gentleman farmer who pub knows that the big man in the community A few weeks ago, on the occasion of his lished an agricultural paper before he became is in the policy racket, drives a Cadillac and latest indictment, he repeated these charges Secretary of the Treasury) move among the pays off the cops, then a man is justified in of vendetta and supplemented them with a financial titans of the world, he would not concluding that law enforcement is only for bill of particulars in which he alleged that find the specter of great wealth intimidating. suckers." Morgenthau had spent more than $1-million And surely his exposure ro the German-Jew Among the institutions he has taken on in taxpayers' money, interrogated more than ish "Our Crowd" milieu cannot be entirely in his almost naive determination to demon 700 Cohn friends, enemies and employes, and irrelevant, despite his marriage to a Midwest state that nobody, no matter how well con issued more than 1,000 subpoenas requiring erner reared as a Unitarian, the former nected, rich or powerful, is above the law, production of books and records. Martha Pattriden. The Morgenthaus bring up are the president of the New York Stock Ex Because Morgenthau has cases pending their four daughters (one a retarded child, change (for alleged tax fraud); the Internal against Cohn, he ts reluctant to respond to ts at the LochlE.nd School in Geneva, N.Y.) Revenue Service (for bribery and corruption; Cohn's charges of abuse of process other than ar..d 11-year-old son, Robert P ., as Jews and, more than 170 employes were indicted) ; fi to state that, "based on the information when he was a studer.t at Yale Law, his class nancier Louis Wolfson, a major Democratic brought to our attention, we would have mate, now "?ale Law dea1, Louts Pollak, re campaign contributor ("You can't believe been derelict in our duty if we hadn't con members: "Bob and his friend Mitch Cooper how many phone calls we had trying to pull ducted the investigation of the Fifth Avenue 'infiltrated'-that's the only word for it us off," said an Assistant U.S. Attorney); the Coach Lines, Inc. that led to the present in Corby Court [an exclusive ea'.lng club]. Not Post omce (the No. 2 man in the New York dictment." He adds that bringing someone that they could have cared less about getting region was convicted of perjury), and the before a grand jury is not an abuse of process. in for reasons of status. But once in, they top omcers of Local 32-E, the 10,000-man "If we had misused the grand jury, we knew changed it"-which w Dean Pollak's genteel union which controls all of the building su · perfectly well he could have come in to quash way of saying they quietly but actively re perintendents in the Bronx, and which was the subpoena," says Morgenthau. cruited other Jewish students and once and notorious for its terrorist tactics and its close To the charge that he is out to get Cohn, for all ended the gentiles only policy. ties to Buckley's Bronx Democratic machine. he says: "I am not out to get anybody." He · But 1t would be a mistake to equate the at- January 6, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 257 mosphere evoked in Stephen Birmingham's Justices. "They come for the public service,'' thau should have turned O"Ver the. headline best seller With Robert Morgenthau's world says Morgenthau, "for the experience and making case to the D.A. outlook. A better indication of his life style is for the tremendous responsibility." "It looks Morgenthau's people, in turn, point out provided by Steuart Pittman, a Morgentb.au better on a resume to have worked in New that more than half the cases they bring in contemporary who was a. fellow resident of York Southern than any other prosecutor's volve concurrent jurlsdiction with the D.A.'s Peter Cooper Village when they were both office in the country,'' says an assistant. office; that, especially in bribery cases, "you young attorneys in New York. Like so many Morgenthau is proud that he has lengthened can't usually get the family doctor or the other friends, Mr. Pittman, now a Washing the average assistant's stay from two and a local clergyman as a Witness--you have to ton lawyer, remarks on the contrast between half years to four years, and that he has deal with some pretty shady characters," and Morgenthau's proper exterior and the free raised the level of prior experience: Except that, given the choice between prosecuting spirit it masks. He re~alls late one night for summer internes, he no longer hires men a valued informant or a highly visible public "walking along the tops of cars with Bob on_ directly after law school. figure who may have abused the public trust, lower Broadway, while our· wives kept up on Not that an office staffed with elite-on the ends of law enforcement are better served the sidewalk. Also, I have a vague recollec the-make is an unmixed blessing. As an at by undertaking the latter. As Morgenthau tion that he was the guy he used to roller torney with a civil-liberties organization ob puts it, "These (bribery) cases have a real skate to work with. It took 46 minutes to serves: "In Morgenthau's office they wear impact on what goes on in the ghetto." fight the subway. This solution to the trans their self-righteousness on their sleeves. We Try to get Morgenthau to talk of future portation problem was awkward only be get along better with the Eastern District. plans, and he will talk excitedly about his cause of the reaction in the elevator at 15 Morgenthau's guys are arrogant. They're from latest batch of cases, which the day I hap Broad Street, where they had never seen two the top of the class, with Wall Street ahead pened by, involved the work of the newly properly attired lawyers with roller skates or behind. They think of themselves as high established Consumer Fraud Unit. He told slung over their backs, so as not to scratch caliber types, and that means they quickly me how they have made history by indicting at attache cases." develop disdain for criminal lawyers. It process servers for discarding summonses - Quasi-aristocratic family background may shows." instead of serving them, a practice known as help account for Morgenthau's intolerance of Part of Morgenthau's ability to attract top "sewer service.'' "The victims," he says, "are fat cats and corporate arrivistes, but the talent is the implicit promise that his men most often Negroes and Puerto Ricans who equally distinguished background of his ju Will be able to try big cases--cases which in have their wages garnisheed or their escrow dicial district, New York South, helps ac other jurisdictions are handled in Washing deposits removed because they failed to show count for his ability to do anything about it. ton. Last February, when Henry Peterson of up in court to answer summonses which Only an office with a tradition of independ the Justice Department's Organized Crime they have never received. It's been going ence from Washington would permit the Section announced the formation of a special on for years and nobody has ever done any freedom of maneuver Morgenthau's efforts unit to crack down on Mafia infiltration of thing about it before." As he talks quietly require. According to a recent Yale doctoral legitimate businesses, he said it would com but passionately on the injustice of the dissertation by James Eisenstein, the over-all mence operations in New Jersey, Philadel situation, one notices on the top of his 2- trend for U.S. Attorneys is "the progressive phia, Miami and Boston. Asked about New inch in-box pile an announcement of the loss of autonomy to the Attorney General York, he replied that Morgenthau already New York State Association of Process Serv and the Department of Justice." New York had a 10-member staff working on organized ing Agencies, Inc. It reads: South is the exception. crime. It was this Special Prosecutions Unit, "For years our association has been cry in fact, which uncovered (and convicted) ing wolf! The wolf is now inside the house! Its tradition of independence, while not Joseph Valachi. At last count, Morgenthau's We are facing the worse crisis our industry unbroken, extends back at least to 1906, when office had convicted 52 members of the has ever experienced! Five men have already a young Harvard lawyer who was earning Luchese, Genovese, Gambino, Bonanno and been indited (sic] by a Federal grand jury $1,000 a year With a private firm was offered Profaci families, and eight others were and the continuing investigation may very a chance to make $250 less. He later recalled: pending trial. . well bring forth many more. . . .'' "I had a call from the U.S. Attorney's office "It was through our interest in organized Richard Nixon and his new Attorney Gen that the U.S. Attorney wanted to see me. I crime and Tony Corallo (of the Luchese fam eral may be forgiven if they are right now use these words because that's what I was ily) that we stumbled onto the Marcus case,'' selecting Morgenthau's replacement. That's going to see-the U.S. Attorney. He had no says Morgenthau of his office's most famous what elections are all about. But it is ironic name for me." The young man was Felix conviction-which has laterally involved him that, if Mr. Nixon does the expected and puts Frankfurter (he took the job), and the U.S. in collision With the office of District Attor his own man into New York South, the three .Attorney was Henry L. Stimson, who went ney Hogan, a confrontation which could have happiest men in town could easily turn out on to become Secretary of State. considerable impact on the F.B.I.'s entire in to be three lifelong Democrats--Roy Cohn, _ Stimson's contribution to the autonomy formant system, not to mention the two pros who charges vendetta Louis Wolfson, whose of the office was reflected in his reply to ecutors' offices. counsel visited Washington unsuccessfully President Theodore Roosevelt's aide, who In brief, Morgenthau indicted and con charging abuse of prosecutor's discretion, came to visit him to urge speedy indictment victed Marcus on evidence provided by one and Carmine DeSapio, who has not been in of a financial speculator whom the press Herbert Itin, a self-confessed F.B.I. inform dicted., but who cannot have heard Itkin's was blaming for the bank panic of 1907. ant. But Itkin is what might be characterized testimony in the Marcus case with equanim When asked how long it would be before as a "method informant"-1.e., he partici ity. the man went to trial, he replied (accord pated in some_ of the transactions about ing to Frankfurter's "Reminiscences"): "I which he informed. As a result, District At don't know how long that would take. I torney Hogan's office is ready to prosecute have no idea. . . . When the evidence is Itkin. TAX REFORM an in, if it warrants my so adv1slng the . If Itkin was telling the truth, he could grand jury, I shall advise them to find an probably make more cases for the Govern indictment. Now that'll take I don't know ment (the number has been estimated as how long. You tell the President that is high as 50 to 100) against people as influ HON. JOHN V. TUNNEY the way I shall proceed and if that seems ential as Carmine DeSapio, the former Tam OF CALIFORNIA too dilatory to him and he wants some other many Hall leader, whom he accused on the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES action, then of course it's in his power to witness stand of bribing Marcus on behalf of remove me and get some other United Consolidated Edison. So, though nobody likes Monday, January 6, 1969 States Attorney." to talk about it, Morgenthau's office is op Mr. TUNNEY. Mr. Speaker, our tax The tradition did not establish itself with posed to Hogan's trying Itkin, whose price for system has a major impact upon our out trouble. One old-timer recalls: "When making more cases is presumably immunity Judge J. Edward Lumbard became U.S. from prosecution. The F.B.I. is also opposed Nation's economic stability and growth Attorney [1953], the office was filled with to prosecuting Itkin-since if it can't guar and upon the daily life of every Ameri political hacks, and so he announced: 'Gen antee informants immunity (not to mention can. Some 76 million taxpayers, with an tlemen, to the victors belong the spoils.' anonymity), why should any insider agree average income of $3,300, pay $53 bil and proceeded to can everybody but [one to inform? lion a year in personal income taxes man]." Hogan's critics charge, among other things, while corporate taxes total $26 billion. By the time Morgenthau arrived he found that, by prosecuting Itkin, he would be Former U.S. Senator Paul Douglas said: the caliber so high that he fired nobody; spared the unpleasantness of prosecuting De urged the best to stay on and further depo Our tax system is riddled with injustices Sapio, who engineered Hogan's 1958 sena that violate the simple principle, upon which li ticized the office and (antagonized some torial nomination. But Hogan's supporters local clubhouses) by hiring without regard I would think that all could agree, that claim he has an obligation to try Itkin since people with equal incomes should pay equal to party, which may help account for the he has evidence against him. If the F .B.I. in esprit-rare in Government circles---;whlch or approximately equal taxes. Whether we formant system suffers along the way, so be believe in progressive, regressive or propor characterizes the office. For four recent open it. In fact, they argue against the whole con ings there were 17 applicants, all of whom cept of an intelligence-gathering network tional taxation. can we not agree on this had clerked for Federal judges. ·Two of those which by implication involves the subsidy of eleinentary principle of horizontal justice? hired had clerked for U.S. ~upreme ,Court criminal informants. They add that Morgen- Tax reform is a very basic need if we CXV--17-Part 1 258 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 6, 1969 are to put our fiscal house in order. This Fourth. The practice of paying estate the policeman plays in American society. must be one of the top priorities of the taxes with U.S. bonds and redeeming If the policeman is properly to serve 91st Congress. them at par value rather than their fair society, he must have the respect of I am reintroducing a tax reform bill market value at the time, would be dis society. At a time when organized ac which would eliminate what I consider continued. The effect could yield $50 tivists are consciously and deliberately glaring inequities in the present tax laws million per year. and purposefully promoting disrespect, and would bring in an additional $2 bil It is presently the practice of the Gov it is important to register commendation lion without taxing the average citizen, ernment to accept Government bonds in of police conduct where commendation ls who is already too heavily taxed. payment for estate taxes at their re deserved. The bill which I have introduced out demption or par value. For the most part The Policeman's Association of the lines five specific areas in need of reform: when bonds are issued they are pur District of Columbia deserves commenda First. Lower the oil and gas depletion chased at a discount from their redemp tion. It makes a continuing effort to strive allowances from their present 27 % per tion value. They are discounted because for excellence in character and perform cent to 14 percent, and depletion allow the bonds pay interest over their life ance of police personnel. It has set high ances on 41 other minerals from 23 per time, very commonly 20 years plus pay standards. These standards are reflected cent to 15 percent. The revenue to be ing their par value at the end of what in the "Law Enforcement Code of Ethics" obtained from this change could be any ever period for which they have been is which ~p.peared in the display ad in a where from $500 million to $1.5 billion sued. For example a person might pur recent issue of a Washington newspaper. annually. The U.S. Treasury has recently chase 20-year Government bonds for I commend its content t.o every American. disclosed that on an average, the cost of $80,000 which have a par or redemption As a Law Enforcement Officer, my funda an oil well is recovered 19 times over by value of $100,000. If the person died be mental duty is to serve mankind; to safe the depletion allowance. fore the end of the 20 years his estate guard lives and property; to protect the in Second. The tax-exempt interest pro could turn in the bonds to the Govern nocent against deception, to protect the weak ment for $100,000 rather than their value against oppression or intimidation, and the vision of industrial development bonds peaceful against violence or disorder; and to would be completely repealed. At present· at the time of death. respect the Constitutional rights of all men this is an unintended Federal subsidy to Fifth. A minimum income tax of 10 to liberty, equality and justice. private industry, some $50 million of percent would be imposed on all individ I will keep my private life unsullied as an revenue annually would be obtained by ual and corporate tax free income in ex example to all; maintain courageous calm in this change. cess of $10,000. the face of danger, scorn, or ridicule; develop In 1964, the latest year the IRS has fig self-restraint; and be constantly mindful of Cities throughout the country are the welfare of others. Honest in thought' and today issuing municipal bonds bearing ures, 19 of the 482 taxpayers reporting deed in both my personal and official life, I tax-free interest to finance industrial an annual income of $1 million or more will be exemplary in obeying the laws of the plants and commercial facilities for pri paid no income tax. The remaining 463 Jand and the regulations of my department. vate profitmaking corporations. paid less than 30 percent of their incomes Whatever I see or hear of a confidential The usual method by which cities pass in taxes even though the tax rate for all nature or that is confided to me in my official their tax benefits to private corporations taxable income in excess of $100,000 is capacity will be kept ever secret unless revela 70 percent. tion is necessary in the performance of my is to issue bonds to construct a plant in duty. · accordance with the corporation's spec In 1964 the 20 largest oil companies I will never act officiously or permit per ifications and then lease the structure to earned close to $6 billion and paid only sonal feeling, prejudices, animosities or the corporation using the rental pay 6.3 percent on taxes. Some of these com friendship to influence my decisions. With no ments to retire the bond. Because the panies paid no taxes at all. compromise for crime and with relentless city's bonds are tax free, their interest These changes would reduce the in prosecution of criminals, I will enforce the rate is lower than the interest rates on equities in our present tax system by law courteously and appropriately wi·thout placing the burden of higher taxes on fear or favor, malice or ill will, never employ bonds which the corporation could issue. ing unnecessary force or violence and never The corporation reaps the advantage of those who now escape paying their fair accepting gratuities. the low tax-exempt interest rate. share. I recognize the badge of my office as a These bonds are not the same as the There is a definite need to rid our symbol of public faith, and I accept it as a worthwhile municipal bonds which assist selves of methods of tax avoidance which public trust to be held so long as I am true cities in financing needed public facili do not serve the interests of the majority to the ethics of the police service. I will con ties such as schools, roads, and sewer of taxpayers. stantly strive to achieve these ojectives and Every society must levy taxes to exist ideals, dedicating myself before God to my systems. chosen profession-law enforcement. The Revenue and Expenditure Control and to deliver the services which its citi Act made considerable modifications in zens demand. Taxes are what we pay for the tax-exempt status of industrial a civilized society, but lets plug the loop bonds. However, there were major ex holes and eliminate the inequities and _ ceptions to this policy which have the make those most able carry the burden. WILL PLANE DISASTERS CLAIM 2,400 effect of continuing the tax-exempt There is a definite need to rid ourselves LIVES A YEAR BY 1973? status of many industrial bonds. I ques of methods of tax avoidance, which do tion the wisdom of these exemptions not serve the broad interests of the ma HON. ROMAN C. PUCINSKI when we voted for a general tax increase jority of the taxpayers. along with severe spending cuts last The changes which I have proposed OF ILLINOIS year. would reduce the inequities in our pres IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Third. The avoidance of taxes by form ent tax system by placing the burden of Monday, January 6, 1969 ing multiple corporations so each can higher taxes on those who now escape paying their fair share. This measure is Mr. PUCINSKI. Mr. Speaker, Mr. Wil take advantage of the present provision liam N. Curry, Washington Post staff of only 22 percent tax up to the first needed to help put our fiscal house in order. writer, has prepared an excellent article $25,000 of corporate income would be which shows that 1968 was the second eliminated. The bill would provide for worst year for airline passenger deaths only one surtax exemption where a single in the history of U.S. aviation. business enterprise is involved. This THE LAW ENFORCEMENT CODE OF ETlllCS Ten airline crashes in 1968 took the could yield up to $150 million annually. lives of 303 passengers and 34 crewmen. Corporations divide income from one This is second only to 1960, when 337 source among a number of largely fric HON. RICHARD H. POFF passengers lost their lives i.n air trage tional taxpaying entities that only are OF VIRGINIA dies. considered separate corporations for tax More disturbing, Mr. Curry's article, purposes but act on the day-to-day func IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, January 6, 1969 which appeared in Sunday's Washington tions of the business as one corporation Post, quotes a leading British insurance as a widely used method of tax avoid Mr. POFF. Mr. Speaker, all thoughtful authority as predicting that on the basis ance. Americans are concerned about the role of the present world wreck treJJ.d in jet January 6, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 259 aircraft, we can expect to lose six jumbo 1964, there were 200 passenger fatalities; in On March 27, 1968, 44 persons aboard an jets a year by 1973. 1966, there were 59. Ozark Airlines DC-9 escaped injury when To be sure, the airlines estimate they car their plane collided with a light private plane Since jumbo jets will be carrying more ried more passengers more miles in 1968 at St. Louis. The airliner was damaged sub than 400 passengers each, it is fair to ask than in any other year. In fact, the Air Trans stantially but landed safely. if we will see some 2,400 airline passen port Association-the trade and lobby group On June 12, 1968, a United Air Lines Boe gers doomed to death each year within for the airlines-estimates the airlines will ing 727 brushed wings with a light plane the next 60 months. have flown some 114 billion passenger miles some 9000 feet over Denver. Both planes Mr. Speaker, I raise this question be when all the 1968 figures are in. A passenger landed safely, and 57 passengers walked away cause of my intense desire to help the mile is one passenger flown one mile. from the plane. By this figuring, 1968 would have a passen It is much too early to seek out common Federal Aviation Administration restore ger fatality rate of 0.25 death per hundred denominators among the 10 fatal crashes of precision approach radar to mandatory million passenger miles, or one passenger 1968. Probable cause reports gestate in the use at Chicago's O'Hare Field and other killed for each 400 million passenger miles, National Transportation Safety Board for a major airfields throughout the United says the ATA. This fatality rate would make year or longer. Thus, no reports on 1968 acci States. 1968 one of the five lowest in the past 12 dent causes have been released. David Thomas, the Acting Administra years. But some things can be picked out from One catch: Many critics of aviation the information available: tor of the FAA has done an exemplary safety argue that passenger-mile fatality Five of the accidents occurred during some job in trying to maintain the highest rates have been devalued by the speed and phase of landing and the other five during standards of aviation safety possible. But passenger loads of the jetliners. The practice the fiights themselves, a quick considering he needs a great deal of help. I hope of evaluating safety by passenger miles began that 90 per cent of air crashes take place in Congress will appropriate the necessary with the railroads. the course of take-offs and landings. funds to restore use of this important Hours of flight and number of departures, All of the planes involved were veterans of navigational aid during final landing ap these critics say, are more accurate reflec the airways. They entered service between proach as soon as possible. tions of air safety. But estimates for 1968 1958 and 1964. for these factors are not available and guess Large jets were involved in only two of the Of the 10 major air crashes in 1968, ing at them would be useless. crashes (the Pan American 707s)-evidence five occured on the final approach for The 303 passengers killed in 1968 were vic that the various jetliners in use have paiSSed landing, taking the lives of 114 passen tims of 10 accidents, which also took the lives their critical break-in period. gers and 14 crewmen. of 34 crewmen. In January 1968, the Senate Committee on It is more than significant that 50 per 1. On May 3, a Braniff Airlines Electra with Aeronautical and Space Sciences reported, cent of the crashes in 1968 occurred while 85 persons aboard exploded amid lightning "Scheduled air carrier accident statistics and thunderstorms near Dawson, Texas. Ev show that aviation safety has not improved landing. I am not suggesting that PAR much over the past 10 years.'' (The commit would have avoided all of these tragedies, eryone on board was killed, 80 passengers and five crewmen. It was the worst crash of tee based its findings on fatalities and fatal but it certainly could have gone a long the year for a United States airline. accidents per million departures.) way toward helping. 2. A Los Angeles Airways helicopter flight But last year did bring minor advances in It occurs to me that as the big jumbo from Analieim Heliport to Disneyland ap air safety: Grooving runways proved an effec jets and air buses start operating with parently fell apart in the air and killed 20 tive deterrent to keep planes from skidding passengers and three crewmen. The copter off wet runways; fog dispersal advanced, their bigger passenger loads, every de opening the way for better visability at air vice developed by man must be put into was a Sikorsky 61 L, and it crashed shortly after takeoff. ports in marginal weather; the ATA let a use to help keep air safety at a record contract for the development of a collision high. 3. Five passengers and one crewman were avoidance system that is due for service in killed June 13 when their Pan American several years. We are talking about an additional ap Boeing 707 crashed while attempting to land propriation of $150,000 a year to make And the FAA issued various new regulations at Calcutta, India. There were 57 survivors. designed to improve air safety-plus an ad three PAR units available for mandatory 4. While approaching a runway at Charles visory reminding pilots to use their airborne use at O'Hare Field alone. This figure ton, W. Va., on Aug. 10, a Piedmont FH-227 weather radar for the purpose of completely pales into insignificance when you con crashed and killed 32 passengers and three avoiding thunderstorms and not for picking sider the loss of lives in the North Central crewmen. Two persons survived. a path through storm cells. Airline crash alone at O'Hare on De 5. Another Sikorsky 61 L flown by Los An There is a certain urgency about air safety, cember 27, 1968. geles Airways crashed Aug. 14 at Compton, for at the end of 1969 the Boeing 747 jumbo Calif., as 18 passengers headed for a day of jet will begin flying for the airlines. And Mr. Speaker, I am not impressed with fun ait Disneyland. Three crewmen also died. after that comes the air buses-high-passen arguments that pilots already have 6. Another FH-227, this one belonging to ger-load jets designed to land and take off enough equipment to land planes safely. Northeast Airlines, crunched into the side of at smaller airports. If their present cockpit equipment was a wooded mountain near Hanover, N.H., on Alan Hunter of the British Aviation In sufficient, you would not have 50 percent Oct. 25. All aboard-30 passengers and three surance Co. has made predictions on the of last year's crashes occurring in the crewmen--died. coming jets. 7. On Dec. 2, an F-27 (the FH-227 is a Based on the accident rates of jetliners in final landing pattern. "stretched" F-27) plunged into Pedro Bay, use today, and projecting these figures to It is interesting that military pilots Alaska. The crash, the first fatal one for the 747 and air buses, Hunter concluded, swear by PAR and most general aviation Wien Consolidated Airlines, killed 35 pas "The worldwide wrecking rate on jets started pilots request its assistance in final ap sengers and three crewmen. at one (jet crashed) in 100,000 hours of op proach. Why should commercial air 8. Ten days after the Pedro Bay crash and eration and gradually improved over the planes be different? just off the Venezuelan coast, a Pan Amer years. It is now approaching one in 300,000 ican Boeing 707 exploded 1000 feet above the hours. A few are in the one in 500,000 bracket, Mr. Curry's excellent article follows. I ocean and carried everyone on board to his but only a few. hope it will contribute toward restoring death. The toll: 42 passengers and nine crew "Assuming the jumbo jets could be used to funds to make PAR possible at all major men. this (higher) standard, the world would airports as a mandatory navigational 9. An Allegheny Airlines Convair 580 carry lose four by the end of 1973. But on the aid to all landing aircraft: ing Christmas Eve travelers crashed into a present world wreck trend, the figure would 1968 THE SECOND WORST YEAR FOR AIRLINE wooded mountain while approaching the be six." PASSENGER DEATHS Bradford Regional Airport at Bradford, Pa. Eighteen passengers and two crewmen died, (By William N. curry) and 27 persons survived. STATEMENT OF MEMBERS OF THE "Scheduled air carrier accident statistics 10. Three days later, on Dec. 27, a North show that aviation safety has not improved HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ON Central Airlines Convair 580 attempting to THE MIDDLE EAST much over the past 17 years." land at Chicago's O'Hara International Air -A 1968 report by the Senate Committee port made a sharp left turn and plunged on Aeronautical and Space Sciences. into a hangar. The dead: 23 passengers and HON. WILLIAM E. MINSHALL Four airplane crashes in December raised three crewmen. The survivors totaled 26. OF OHIO the 1968 death toll of travelers on U.S. air Without a good deal of luck, and skillful lines to 303, a total in the history of aviation work by flight crews, 1968 would have been IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES second only to 1960's 336 passenger deaths. much worse. Two accidents last year, similar Monday, January 6, 1969 The year thus continued an upward trend to accidents in 1967 that claimed 95 pas in passenger fatalities that began in 1964 and senger lives, resulted in no deaths to com Mr. MINSHALL. Mr. Speaker, I wish was broken only by a reduction in 1966. In mercial travelers: to add my name to the list of 63 House 260 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 6, 1969 Members who on January 3 signed the viously felt that here they would be immune crime rate iilcrease of 48 percent since following statement regarding the Mid from Israeli counter-terrorist measures. 1960. The UN resolution will encourage, we fear, dle East: the Arabs to intensify their terrorism, se May I emphasize that this committee, STATEMENT OF MEMBERS OF THE HOUSE OF cure in the knowledge that a sympathetic which would be composed of equal num REPRESENTATIVES ON THE MIDDLE EAST, JAN Security Council will protect them by bers of Representatives and Senators, UARY 3, 1969 punishing anyone who tries to resist them. would in no way interfere with the The United States must continue the pur Since the UN Security Council decision, powers and prerogatives of existing com suit of an honorable Arab peace in her high Israel has counted more civilian casualties, mittees that are considering various est national interest. Accordingly, we believe and has buried six more dead. Some of the aspects of the rising crime problem. How that the one-sided decision of the United dead lost their lives to terrorists whose weap ever, the joint committee would act as Nations Security Council to censure Israel ons were aimed and fired from Lebanon, a few hours after the UN censure vote. This an intelligence center and clearinghouse and to ignore Arab terrorism is prejudicial to for the currently fragmented legislation the attainment of a genuine peace. It is diffi senseless terrorism has cost Israel the loss of cult to understand why the international hundreds of lives. The daily guerrilla warfare and investigative activities relating to community remains mute when Arab terror has created intolerable tensions. crime control by Congress. Such a clear ists commit murder and finds its voice only So the threat to the peace will grow and inghouse is badly needed if we are to co when Israel undertakes to put an end to such there are ominous signs that the Soviet ordinate the war on crime and come up atrocities. Union will exploit the censure of Israel to with meaningful solutions, and I urge Since the cease-fire after the six-day war whip up international opinion against Israel earnest and prompt consideration of this to last December 20, there were 1,002 inci and to intensify pressures for a Soviet-dic legislation. dents of guerrllla attacks against Israel; 259 tated settlement which would force Israel Israelis were kllled, one-fourth of them civil to withdraw from occupied territories, with ians; and 1,005 wounded, all of whom re out requiring the Arab states to enter into a quired hospitalization. Since the United Na genuine peace with her. tions Security Council resolution, six more We hope that our government will not par FEDERAL MOTOR VEHICLE INSUR Israelis have been killed by terrorist attacks. ticipate in a dangerous collaboration with ANCE GUARANTY CORPORATION The recent unfortunate incidents at Athens Israel's enemies which will prove subversive and Beirut have been torn out of context. to the peace and inimical to the best inter Since the establishment of Israel, the Arabs ests of our own country. It is in America's HON. JOHN V. TUNNEY have, without cessation, tried to destroy her interest to insure that the Soviet Union does OF CALIFORNIA not gain a dominant influence in the Middle by daily acts of terror, sabotage and murder, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES which have cost the lives of hundreds of in East, a.nd it is in America's interest that nocent men, women and children. Israel be strong enough to insure her in Monday, January 6, 1969 In a parallel war against Israel's economy, dependence. There must be no retreat from the struggle Mr. TUNNEY. Mr. Speaker, I am in the Arab states have maintained their boy for a genuine Arab-Israel peace in the Mid troducing legislation to establish a Fed cotts and blockades, have tried to deny Is dle East. Arab terrorism is gaining ground in rael the use of international waterways and eral Motor Vehicle Insurance Guaranty Arab countries and if it continues to intim Corporation. This legislation would pro to divert her life-giving water supply. Arab idate Arab rulers, then the Arab peoples terrorists hijacked an El Al plane and forced tect motorists who are left with a severe themselves will be the worst victims. We financial crisis when their insurance it to go to Algeria. Last week, Arab terrorists owe it to the Arab peoples, as well as to the from Beirut attacked the same El Al plane in Israelis, to take strong measures to curb company goes bankrupt. Athens with guns and Molotov cocktails, klll terrorism and to bring Arabs and Jews to The Senate Antitrust Subcommittee ing one of the passengers, wounding another, the peace table. has disclosed the fact that over 73 firms and endangering the lives of 49 others, in We have not given up hope for an Arab-Is have become insolvent since 1961 leaving cluding some American citizens. rael peace. I believe that there are peace some 300,000 policyholders and accident Three days later, the Israel air force struck loving Arabs who would welcome mutual co back at Arab airlines, destroying 13 planes at victims in 22 States without protection. operation. We must help the Arab peoples to The claimants were forced to seek an es the international airport at Beirut. Great strengthen the hand of those who will vote care was taken by the Israelis to protect for Arab-Jewish cooperation and peace. timated $600 million from companies human life. This has been described as a re whose collectable assets totaled only $25 taliation. In truth, this was a dramatic ef million. I do not see how anyone can fort by Israel to inform the Arab govern possibly point to a greater injustice in ments, which have been supporting the ter need of correction. rorists, that Israel was prepared to defend her CRIME CONTROL BILL skylanes to the outside world, and that she In my home State of California, the would not allow her enemies to isolate and automobile has become a necessity and strangle her. HON. ODIN LANGEN so has automobile insurance. Nationwide, Both Israel and Lebanon complained to OF MINNESOTA 79 percent of all U.S. families own one the UN Security Council. But the world body IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES or more automobiles and 25 percent own was silent and indifferent when the El Al Monday, January 6, 1969 two or more cars. plane was attacked. It was vociferously in All automobile owners can therefore dignant when Israel replied. The Israelis have Mr. LANGEN. Mr. Speaker, events of easily envision the tragic consequences been unable to win UN Security Council sup the past year tell us that Congress should of having relied on an insurance com port for their complaints because the Arabs act swiftly in probing all elements of are twice protected: the Soviet Union vetoes pany and then suddenly discovering after any resolutions directed against them and criminal activity in the United States. an auto accident that the company is there are six members who do not have dip The joint resolution calling for a insolvent. lomatic relations with Israel. House-Senate Committee To Investigate I believe that the establishment of a In Jerusalem several weeks ago, 12 Israelis Crime, which I have today cosponsored, Federal guaranty corporation is a logi were killed and scores wounded, as a truck~ is similar to one I also introduced in the cal solution to this problem. load of dynamite exploded in a crowded last Congress. We were successful in get A similar program has been very suc market street. We were astonished that this ting it passed overwhelmingly in the outrage evoked no echo from the world's cessful in the banking and savings and civilized capitals-neither sympathy for the House, but unfortunately, the resolution loan industries. .Today, bank accounts victims, nor condemnation for the criminals. was not acted upon in the Senate before and savings accounts are insured up to The Arab governments have taken pride adjournment. Consideration of this reso $15,000 by the Federal Deposit Insurance publicly in aiding and abetting the guerrillas. lution should be one of the first orders Corporation and the Federal Savings Lebanese Premier Abdullah Yaffi has recently of business in the 91st Congress. and Loan Corporation. Since these .Cor reaffirmed his country's support for terrorist The joint committee called for in this porations have benefited the public as activity against Israel, calling it "legitimate resolution would be charged with con and sacred." By relocating in Lebanon, which well as the banking and savings and enjoys the reputation of a pro-Western ducting an in-depth investigation into all loan industries, I see no reason why it moderate, allegedly aloof from the Arab aspects of crime in the United States. could not be applied to the insurance Israel conflict, Arab terrorists-such as the Its purpose would be to otfer concrete industry as well. Palestine Liberation Organization, which recommendations aimed at arresting an The Federal Insurance Guaranty used to have its headquarters in Cairo-ob- alarming trend that has seen a per capita . Corporation: would guarantee the con- / January 6, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 261 tractual performance of insurers issuing leagues, excerpts from Dr. Jaggard's the president director of the National policies of motor vehicle insurance in report: Oil Mining of the Republic of Indonesia. interstate commerce. It also provides EXCERPTS FROM REPORT Indonesia is one of the five largest coverage for insurers issuing policies Philmont is rugged, challenging wilder nations in population in the world. Our only in the State . in which they are ness, and the Scouts are keeping it that way. Department of State has been doing a chartered if they wish to apply for. guar Over 18,000 Scouts hiked the trails of Phil valiant job in assisting all developing mont this summer, and each one will tell you antee status. that, man, it's rugged. But it is also a lot of countries of the world through AID, but This legislation requires interstate in fun. Philmont is high adventure, starting at substantially more should be done, in surers to apply for guarantee status 6,600 feet and going up to 12,441 feet on top my opinion, in the private sector of our within 1 year after the enactment of the of Baldy Mountain. Philmont is work, carry great economy. bill. The interstate insurer would be sub ing a backpack with all your tents and gear The speech of Maj. Gen. Ibnu Sutowo ject to a civil penalty if it continues to for 10 day·s, hiking up the mountain trails is a valiant appeal for American private issue auto insurance policies without on a sweaty August day and then getting into enterprise to cooperate with our Gov your winter sleeping bag during a frosty such guarantee status. night. Philmont includes archeology, geol ernment by private investment in the The bill further provides that any in ogy, gold panning, trout fishing, rifle and great and historic·nation of Indonesia. surer whose policies are guaranteed by shotgun, paleontology, biology, riding horses, The address follows: the Corporation must make a statement conservation, visiting with a cowboy about ADDRESS BY MAJ. GEN. DR. IBNU SUTOWO, to that effect in each of its policies. his horse and equipment, Dutch oven cook PRESIDENT DIRECTOR OF P. N. PERTAMINA, ON When an insurer is :finally declared ing and sourdough pancakes, visiting Kit THE OCCASION OF THE FIRST ANNIVERSARY insolvent, the Federal Guaranty Corpo Carson's home on the old Santa Fe Trail, and OF THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE PERTAMINA ration would assume the insurer's obli enjoying some of the finest mountain scenery OFFICE IN NEW YORK, NOVEMBER 25, 1968 gations and it, not the claimant, would in the world. Ladies and Gentlemen: It certainly gives wait for eventual distribution, averaging Philmont includes learning to cook and me great pleasure to see so many distin eat dehydrated foods, griping about the fact guished representatives of American and in 7 to 8 years. The Federal Guaranty Cor that there isn't enough, and finding out later ternational business gathered here to cele poration would eventually be self-sup that you gained 6 pounds. Philmont includes brate the first anniversary of the opening of porting after an initial appropriation of learning how to work together, to share our New York office. At the inaugural cere $50 million. duties, to fairly divide the load. Two Scouts mony in November, last year, I expressed my This legislation is intended to supple were arguing over the division of their share belief that the new office would enable us ment and not eliminate State insurance of the group equipment load the first day to establish closer relations with business out, but the problem was settled by simply and financial circles throughout the United regulation while at the same time allevi letting one divide the load and the other ating the public suffering resulting from States and, by so doing, help to promote a have first choice. Another Scout complained deeper political and economic understanding over $250 millior in auto insurance fail that his pack was too heavy, so I offered to between our two countries. Looking around ures since 1945. The auto insurance in trade him, but he didn't accept my offer. me now, I may perhaps be forgiven if I dustry has written over $8.5 billion in I am proud of the fact that I was leader allow myself to think that the splendid at annual premiums since 1961. This legis for that group of 13 boys who tested them tendance at this reception is in itself a sign lation would assist bona fide insurance selves in a rugged situation. I am proud of that we have successfully begun to lay the the fact that I could keep up with them when foundations of a sturdy bridge of goodw111 companies and help to discourage fly we climbed from 9,700 feet to 10,500 in three by-night firms. linking Indonesia's state enterprise with in fourths of a mile in 44 minutes, I am proud of ternational private enterprise, to the mutual the Scout who led our mountain-top Sunday ad.vantage of both. Speaking in more prac church service and, because, he couldn't find tical terms, I can report that the goodw111 his "Devotions" book, gave an extempo has resulted in the conclusion of important CULVER COMMENDS BOYSCOUT raneous sermon, and it turned out to be one exploration and production contracts with TRIP of the finest sermons I have ever heard. I some 20 foreign oil companies, including am proud of the fact that we all made it, major oil companies. We, in Indonesia, are together, all the way, 62 miles and 10 days of very satisfied, and I would like to congratu fun and adventure. We did something con late the small but hardworking staff installed HON. JOHN C. CULVER structive. We built something. We built men. OF IOWA in our office at the United Nations Plaza for To give publicity to those who deserve it, their part in so ably helping to boost our IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES this issue of JAG is dedicated to the 13 young expanding oil industry. But, of course, busi Monday, January 6, 1969 men who went with me to Philmont, plus ness contact is essentially a two-way process. the 199 m1llion other Americans who still All the efforts of our staff here would have Mr. CULVER. Mr. Speaker, I have had want to be honest workers, bulldlng for the been in vain if you, yourselves, had not shown the opportunity to speak in every one of future, and dealing fairly with their neigh such an imaginative and vigorous response, the 79 public and parochial high schools bors. They are the builders who make and a gratifying willingness to invest your in the second district and I have been America great. They are the workers who time and money in developing Indonesian made it all worthwhile. oil resources. continually impressed by the industrious If you have lost faith in America and its ness, the dedication, and sense of respon Some of the contracts I just mentioned youth, take a group to Philmont. If you want have been in operation for more than two sibility exhibited by the vast majority of reassurance that American young men are years and have already started to yield sub our young people. Yet the constructive rugged, that they are stm building for the stantial dividends for my country. The ex attitudes and activities of our young peo future, and that they are stm faithful to the port of Indonesian crude oil has become our ple receive little public attention and old moral values of trustworthy, loyal, help ful and reverent, take a group to Philmont. leading earner of foreign exchange. During credit. I have always thought this most It's rugged duty, and a rewarding experience. 1967 our oil earnings abroad amounted to regrettable,· and have, therefore, tried approximately $130 mlllion, surpassing the whenever possible to commend publicly revenues from both rubber and tin, hitherto, young people who are engaged in such traditionally regarded as Indonesia's most valuable exports. Production this year has constructive efforts. INVESTMENT IN INDONESIA risen to 600,000 b/d, compared with 520,000 I was, therefore, most grateful when in 1967. And we estimate that by 1970, when Mr. Eugene E. Garbee, president of Up the newly concluded exploration contracts per Iowa College in Fayette brought to HON. GEORGE E. BROWN, JR. will have begun to show results, our total my attention a report written by Dr. R. OF CALIFORNIA output should reach about one million b/d. S. Jaggard, president of JAG, Inc. Dr. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Looking further into the coming decade, we Jaggard describes his trip as adult leader confidently predict that this one million mark for 13 Scouts who test their skill and en Monday, January 6, 1969 wm have been far exceeded by the mid seventies. To those of you who might con durance in the rugged mountain country Mr. BROWN of California. Mr. Speak sider this to be an overly optimistic esti of Philmont, the 137 ,221-acre ranch op er, I enter into the CONGRESSIONAL REC mate of our production potential, I would erated by the Boy Scouts of America in ORD the very important address on the point out that as yet comparatively little the Sangre de Christo mountains of occasion of the first anniversary of the oil exploration has been concluded in Indo northeastern New Mexico. establishment of the Pertamina office in nesia in relation to the total area of suitable I would like to share with my col- New York, by Maj. Gen. Dr. Ibnu Sutowo, acreage. Prospecting, which was held up due 262 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 6, 1969 to difficulties associated with the period of is to make ourselves as self-sufficient as pos stimulate foreign investment has consisted the post-World War II Indonesian Revolu sible to this end, we are initiating a five in important tidying up measures to sim tion, can now surge ahead since our country year plan, starting in 1969. By the end of that pl'ify matters for the foreign investor. Cur has presently reached a new plateau of po period, we hope to be in a position to supply rently, we. are engaged in rationalizing the litical stability. Additionally, the mining of enough rice to feed our own population and time-consuming procedures through which the still untapped acreage will have the to increase our exports of other agricultural the investor usually has to wade before he benefit of the recent advances in exploration products. can get going on his project. Then, too, we and drilling techniques. These new tech I have already said enough to demon are in the process of looking into the prob niques have turned areas that were formerly strate why we expect to be able to augment lems associated with taxation of foreign in regarded as inaccessible into highly promis our oil production to one million b/d and vestment-the lack of security in our tax ing prospects. I partimlarly have in mind beyond by the early 1970's. Theoretically, rates has long been a cause of justifiable certain off-shore locations that seem to have the anticipated increase in production could irritation to foreign businessmen. Lastly, we excellent production possibilities, and it is bring our export earnings over the $200 mil have recently enacted a new Foreign Invest no accident that a good many of the newer lion mark-an increase of some $70 million ment Law, which, though it is primarily contracts have been precisely to develop these over our present earnings-provided we can designed to protect the interests of Indo areas. get the markets for our oil. However, as far nesia, nevertheless, it has the merit of fur I would like now to tell you about an im as the United States, Which is one of our nishing the foreign investor with a clearly portant step that we recently took to reorga biggest markets, is concerned, this proviso defined set of rules to guide him as to what nize our oil industry. Some of you may have raises a serious element of doubt because he may or may not do. There is nothing the noticed on your invitation cards a change in your government imposes quotas on the investor loathes more than confusion while the name of your hosts. Last year we invited quantity of oil it imports from any one coun he is conducting business abroad. you to celebrate the opening of the Permina try. Yet our oil has certain qualities that Already our initial efforts to straighten New York office; this year we ask you to cele make it particularly desirable for use in your up and retool the administration of our brate the first anniversary of the establish smog shrouded cities. I am referring, of economy are beginning to show encouraging ment of the Pertamina office. Like so many course, to its low sulphur content. Con results. In addition to three projects under name changes, this one is also the result of vinced of the value of our low sulphur con taken by the IFC and one by the World Bank, a marriage. Naturally, there was a formal an tent oil and spurred on by the need to en several private enterprises are making sub nouncement at the time of the event, which sure that we continue to have the necessary stantial investments in various industrial occurred last month; but for those of you markets, I shall be devoting a good deal of sectors. While the bulk of this investment who may have missed that announcement, my energies in the next few years to trying comes from enterprises in the United States, let me correct any impression you might have to persuade the United States and other Japan, the Netherlands and Australia, there had that the change of name was due to a countries imposing quotas on imports of is also considerable investment stemming printer's error. The two state enterprises that crudes to liberalize their policy. from sources in other European and Asian were formerly responsible for Indonesia's oil However, even were we to be sure of a countries. production and distribution in different areas continuing market for our oil, our result All in all, we are not too displeased with of the country, Permina and Pertamin, have ing earnings would not be sufficient in them the progress that has been made towards now been merged into a single agency. The selves to finance the development of our rehabilitating our country since the Govern full name of the agency is P. N. Pertamina, country. We desperately require more for ment of President Suharto took over in 1966. or, in English, the Indonesian National Oil & eign investment, both governmental and But neither are we complacent. We realize Gas Mining State Enterprise. private, in every area of our economy. It that we are only at the threshold of what Pertamina will control all aspects of Indo was in recognition of this desperate need you might term the "long haul". How. fast nesia's oil business-exploration, development, that the Government of President Suharto we get through that long haul depends to a production, refining and marketing, both do launched, about a year and a half ago, a very high degree on how rapidly we can mestic and foreign. We anticipate that the concerted long-range project to attract for attract further large-scale investment in merger will have the beneficial effect of eign investors. Having inherited from the every sector of our economy, including the streamlining the administration of the en previous regime, a chaotic lack of organiza oil industry. Like your own country, Indo tire oil industry, and enable us to make the tion, affecting all economic sectors as well nesia is a land of opportunity for those with optimum use of the mining work carried out as a reputation for initiating grandiose the will to make it so; the difference is that by foreign companies, while, at the same time, state schemes that could never be imple by reason of our history, the true scope of simplifying the companies day-to-day rela mented, we have started very modestly by that opportunity has become obscured. tions with Indonesian management under our taking measures to prepare our country to We, therefore, deeply appreciate the mag unique production-sharing scheme. function as an "open economy," in which nificent example set by the foreign oil com Perhaps this is an opportune moment to domestic and foreign private enterprise panies. By investing so extensively in our say a few words about the concept of produc would be encouraged to play a key role in country, you have shown a gratifying faith tion-sharing as it is practised today. The promoting development. in the integrity of our government and in scheme eliminates the principle of conces Since the government's resources remain its dedication to the realistic development of sions and seeks to provide a framework for extremely limited, we are concentrating them our country. However, we also believe that combining foreign investment with Indo on the development of an adequate eco your trust will be amply rewarded in returns nesian ownership and management of the oil. nomic infrastructure--for example, on trans on your investment. So, I would like to con When it was first initiated under the 1960 portation and communication facilities, clude by simultaneously thanking you for Oil Development Law, serious difficulties were health and education. Our hope is that your heartwarming response this far and encountered in trying to make it work to the private enterprise, again, both domestic and asking you for a still greater response in the mutual advantage of the Indonesian state foreign, will largely assume responsibility future. enterprise and the foreign contractor. How for developing our natural resources-not ever, during the past eight years, the basic only oil, but also tin, logging, fisheries, etc. scheme has undergone several refinements Of course, one of our most valuable assets AMERICAN SOCIETY OF COM and I am happy to say that production-shar is our splendid landscape. In recent years, ing principle now seems to be functioning many travel writers have visited Indonesia POSERS, AUTHORS, AND PUBLISH quite smoothly. At least I have received no and written eloquently about its beauty. ERS A WARDS TO COMPOSERS complaints from any of the 20 or so foreign Partly due to their writings, people all over contractors currently working in our country. the world-but especially in this country Now, ladies and gentlemen, although most are eager to see Indonesia for themselves. HON. EMANUEL CELLER of you are connected with the oil industry What was once a mere trickle of visitors each OF NEW YORK and are, therefore, chiefly interested in that year, has now become a steady ft.ow, and this particular sector of the Indonesian economy, flow should increase very substantially after IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES I think it would be valuable and relevant the new airstrip at Bali is completed early Monday, January 6, 1969 for me to tell you something about the in 1969 and can accommodate the big jets progress we have made--as well as the prog flying in on direct routes from Tokyo, Eu Mr. CELLER. Mr. Speaker, I am ress we still need to make in the future--in rope and America. The tourist industry is pleased to include in the RECORD an ar other sectors. Of course, in the total econ indeed one of Indonesia's biggest potential ticle from the music section of the New omy of any nation, progress in each sector earners of foreign exchange. But as so often York Times of Sunday, October 27, 1968. is closely related to and depends upon happens, a success achieved in one area The article by Harold C. Schonberg is en progress in every other sector. But in Indo creates problems in another. At present, titled "Today's King Ludwig?" and calls nesia, because the oil industry is our lead we suffer from a severe shortage of hotel ing ·source of foreign earnings, it is fast be accommodations and other tourist facilities attention to one of the important activi coming the pivotal factor of our entire de throughout the country. Development of ties of the American Society of Com velopment program. With the revenues these tourist facilities is now a major outlet posers, Authors, and Publishers in sup gained from the sale of our crude oil, we for foreign inv~stment and one which, more port of deserving American composers, hope to revitalize our other industries, es over, promises quick returns. who enrich all our lives with their music. pecially agriculture. Wherein, the chief need Part of the government's campaign to The article follows: January 6, 1969- EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 263 TODAY'S KING LUDWIG? composers and authors (among the authors and enhance the foreign language back (By Harold C. Schonberg) were W. H. Auden, $500, and the late Carl grounds and culture of such children. Sandburg, $1,250). Deciding the awards was A complete list of American organizations a panel consisting of Donald E. Brown (an Mr. Speaker, the plight of many Mexi interested in giving money to deserving com expert in religious music), Donald Engle can-American students in their attempt posers would take quite a few pages. Con (Martha Baird Rockefeller Foundation), to succeed and to excel academically, trary to popular belief, the talented Amer Frederick Fennell (the noted authority on compels us to increase the appropriations ican composer does not alwa-y:s starve in a wind instruments now at the University of for this program. The most promising garret. Many Big Brothers are watching over Miami), 'Walter Hendl (head of the Eastman him, anxious to smooth the way. If the State method of insuring the economic and School of Music) and Louis G. Wersen (head social progress of the Mexican-American will no do it, private enterprise will. Or of music in the Philadelphia Public Schools). universities. Foundations dispense funds. If These five men have access to the ASCAP community or any other group is ade a composer is lucky, he can find a personal files, of course; and in the files each member quate education. With education comes Maecenas. Not everybody can work it on the of ASCAP is represented by scores, tapes of the hope of new and better opportunities colossal scale of a Richard Wagner diddling performances and other pertinent data. AS for self-improvement. A properly fi Ludwig II of Bavaria, but it must be a com CAP admits that when the awards are an nanced bilingual education program forting feeling for an American composer to nounced, there occasionally is some grum feel that he is not entirely forgotten. would hasten the day when all Ameri bling by recipients who feel that they have cans have an equal opportunity to help One of the less-publicized aids to com been short-changed. Even a complete out posers are the annual awards of the Amer sider is tempted to get into the act. Why is themselves. ican Society of Composers, Authors and Pub Arthur Berger ($750) worth $250 less than, Therefore, Mr. Speaker, I am intro lishers (ASCAP). The announcement of the say, John Cacavas ($1,000)? ducing legislation requesting an ap awards hits the papers every year, but the But the panel must have its reasons, and propriation of $40 million to the omce full extent of ASCAP's donations is little the fact remains that ASCAP is putting out of Education to properly carry out the known. In 1961 the first ASCAP awards were a substantial amount every year as a gesture Bilingual Education Act. Adequate fund made, and they have run pretty much in the to the serious American composer. Indeed, same line ever since. Awards are made in two ing of this program will be helpful to ASCAP says, the annual sum is somewhat Mexican-Americans in California, for fields, popular and serious. It is the serious more than the organization takes in on roy category with which this article will dwell. alties from serious music. That is not un example, who lag seriously behind in A panel of judges has over $300,000 to play usual. In many musical industries the lighter education, jobs, and income. Automation with (the judges are non-ASCAP musicians). material consistently underwrites the more and technological change is having a According to the rules, they can disburse no noble music. Take a look at the record or particularly severe effect on our Mexi more than $2,000 to any composer (or au publishing industries. can-American populations. Statistics thor) who is an ASCAP member, though in My eye keeps wandering to the awards list. show that over 50 percent have not gone 1962 there were several $2,500 awards. Awards Here is Thurlow Lieurence (Dec'd.), $250. beyond the eighth grade. are made on the basis of accomplishment, Lieurence died in 1963 at the age of 85, and not need. At the same time, no ASCAP mem lives by one work, "By the Waters of Min They have been displaced from their ber earning more than $20,000 annually in netonka." Apparently it still brings in royal farming and laboring occupations of the royalties is entitled to an award. That elimi ties. Here is Rudolph Ganz ($500), 91 years past and are among the hard-core un nates a few composers, but not many. old and still going strong. Ganz was a won employed in many areas. They are not I have been looking at this year's list of derful pianist and, like so many pianists of adequately prepared, usually through no awards, and it makes interesting and even a 19th-century orientation, composed a great fault of their own, to move into new provocative reading. The composers who are deal of music. Some of it is pretty, but it employment occupations. receiving the top $2,000 awards constitute a seems to have disappeared from the active list of many of the most prominent Ameri repertory. Here is Estelle Liebling ($500), now Our Nation has the respansibility to cans in the field. Among them: Paul Creston, 84 years old, who was so active for so many provide within its educational systems, David Diamond, Ross Lee Finney, Carlisle years as a singer and then as a singing teach opportunities for Mexican-American ad Floyd, Lukas Foss, Benjamin Lees, Peter er. She was on the roster of the Metropolitan vancement. The bilingual education pro Mennin, Gian Carlo Menotti, Vincent Per Opera during the 1903-04 season, the season gram, if it is adequately funded, will sichetti, Ned Rorem and Virgil Thomson. A that Caruso made his debut. What memories hopefully give children who speak a little under, at $1,500 are such composers as that woman must have! Alfred Hay Malotte foreign language an equal opportunity Easley Blackwood, Ingolf Dahl, George (Dec'd), $500. "The Lord's Prayer," of course. Kleinsinger, Gail Kubik, Nikolai Lopatnikoif, Jaromir Weinberger (Dec'd), $750. The Polka for advancement. Burrill Phillips, William Grant Still, Hugo and Fugue from "Schwanda" must still be a I ur&e my colleagues to pass this ap Weisgall and Stefan Wolpe. And so down to hot item. Here are several young composers propriations legislation. To deny this the Ininimum $250 awards, received by such who have received awards for the past three minimal assistance to Mexican-Ameri cmposers as David A. Wehr, Ramon Zupco or four years and have suddenly been granted can children would be a travesty of • and Alice Parker. Some day they may be a substantial hike. Onwards and upwards. It justice. come famous and move into the $2,000 class. means that the ASCAP judges have strong ASCAP freely admits that as the fame of the faith in their future. Indeed, the ASCAP composer increases, so does his stipend. awards can be used as a pretty reliable guide Once a composer is on the list, the chances to those of its members who have made it, THE BEST FIRST LADY are that he will remain there. Diamond, and to those who are in the process of mak Rorem and Persichetti, among others, have ing it. been on it from the beginning, at the top HON. BENJAMIN S. ROSENTHAL category. These awards are given with no OF J!fEW YORK strings attached, and it means that a com IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES poser can count on the ASCAP money. In BILINGUAL EDUCATION some cases that money is not really needed. APPROPRIATIONS Monday, January 6, 1969 In others it may help provide a little item of Mr. ROSENTHAL. Mr. Speaker, Life luxury. In others it is desperately needed to keep the composer going. Many of these HON. JOHN V. TUNNEY magazine recently published an eloquent awards, especially those in the smaller sums, statement on the diftlcult role of the Pres OF CALIFORNIA ident's wife and the exquisite perform go to composers just starting out, and hence IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES with little financial backlog. The sum of $500 ance in it by Mrs. Johnson. or $750 may not sound like much these in Monday, January 6, 1969 Of all the tasks, from the frivolous to flated days, but for a young composer it can the profound, which a First Lady may be a godsend-offering the means of copying Mr. TUNNEY. Mr. Speaker, Congress has established a bilingual education pro choose for her own as a public figure, a score, perhaps, or paying a rent. Mrs. Johnson chose beauty. This was not The ASCAP list provides a couple of eye gram in the Oftlce of Education. Last brow-raisers. Here is Eugene Ormandy, down year Congress appropriated $7.5 million a personal quest nor a decorative one but for $500, and Leopold Stokowski for $1,000. to carry out the program. a concern for the natural beauty of a Composers? Well, in a way. Both have made I consider this appropriation totally country which was, and will continue to orchestral arrangements. Leopold Godowsky inadequate. The purpose of the program be, threatened. (Dec'd.) is down for $250. Godowsky died in is to assist those students in elementary How well she devoted her energies to 1938, but some of his music must still be and secondary school level, who, because this strikingly human endeavor, Shana collecting royalties for ASCAP (probably Alexander describes in this article: "Alt Wien," a favorite Muzak item). several they come from environments where the other deceased composers, -including Percy dominant language is other than English, [From Life magazine, Dec. 13, 1968) Grainger and Arnold Schoenberg, are on the have limited English-speaking ability. THE FEMININE EYE: THE BEST FmsT LADY awards list, the money going to their estates. While the act attempts to overcome the (By Shana Alexander) The exact sum that ASCAP disbursed this English language difflculties of many Roughly speaking, the President of the year was $336,650, and it was shared by 592 students, it is also designed to preserve United States knows what his job is. Con- 264 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS ·- January 6, 1969 stitution and custom spell it out, for him as dead redwood. "No tap root, you see," says a the information of the Members and the well as for us. His wife has no such luck. dry voice behind me. "When they tip, they general public: The First Ladyship has no rules; rather, each go up like a plate." new woman must make her own. It is as if "What kind of a wind would it take to turn ATl'ITUDE TOWARD THE GOVERNMENT SPACE we hand her hammer and nails, gold leaf one over?" AND MOON PROGRAM and a bit of bunting and say, "Here. Build "Depends how exposed they are." PREFACE the thing yourself." Certainly there is nothing supernatural An assessment of the public's opinion of What was handed to Mrs. Lyndon Johnson about Lady Bird. When I caught up with the government space and moon exploration was something even less: a wrecked and her in another chilly forest amphitheater, it program has been measured over a period of blasted Camelot haunted by our special vision was lunch time; box lunches on damp time. This report covers the tenth survey to of its dazzling, martyred queen. Now five dif benches, and an arc of rough-sawn seats be conducted since July, 1963. ficult years have passed; it is time to go opposing the arc of cameras to watch her The study consisted of telephoning 962 home. chew. She appeared not to notice the photog men and 321 women, a total of 1283 re Though Lady Bird is said to be privately raphers, nor the puddle underfoot. What was spondents, in six cities during the three days delighted by her husband's decision to re troubling her was the problem of response. immediately after the splash-down of Apollo tire, it is scarcely an upbeat ending for Each time she visits a new place, she said, she catches herself wishing she could scout VII October 21 through 23, 1968: Cincinnati, either of the Johnsons. The First Lady has Ohio; Pasadena, California; Des Moines, Iowa; spent the past eight months as a kind of all her beautification trips beforehand, rather than have the advance work done by St. Paul Minnesota; Sandusky, Ohio; and chatelaine, condemned to repair cracked cups, Boston, Massachusetts. The first three of these inventory furnishings and generally tidy members of the White House staff. "Then when they stick th.at ugly black thing in cities were queried in all ten waves of the things up for the new woman, whoever she survey, and sampled again to discover if there might turn out to be. That is an eternity your face five minutes after you arrive and ask what you think of the redwoods, you have been any changes in attitude towards for anyone to have to spend cleaning house, the program. The second three cities were and I was happy when I heard that Mrs. would really have something to say." Who could possibly respond to a redwood, added to see if cities and towns of different Johnson was going to be able to escape for sizes had any different attitudes from those one last beautification tour. I wondered. And then I thought of an the ugly black things that must have been stuck previously measured. The questionnaire has I caught up with the First Lady and her essentially remained consistent in order to party on the last gasp of her Last Hurrah in her face along the Maine coast, along the Rio Grande and all the other places. How be able to make comparisons. However, to a day of hiking and ceremony among the make the results viable, additional questions redwoods of northern California. To see Mrs. many box lunches had there been? How many historical plaques? How many vistas? have been added from time time to gain more Johnson in the depths of that great, primeval, incite into peoples' attitudes toward the space dripping forest is to understand immedi How many daffodils? Perhaps if anyone could respond to a redwood, it would be Lady exploration program. ately why she is called Lady Bird. Tiny, al The study that follows has been analyzed ways a smaller woman than one had quite Bird. She may be better equipped than anyone on earth. She has always dwelt in a manner similar to past studies. In com remembered, she is slimmer now than ever. parisons with previous waves, only the first She twitters. She is cheery, modest, persist among gigantica, in Texas, in the White House and in history. Few women can ever three cities have been used to keep the re ent and alert, and her avian qualities are sults directly comparable. intensified by those looming, green-black and have been more loomed over. ultimately incomprehensible trees. Among Somewhere on that last, overcrowded day SUMMARY OF FINDINGS them, dedicating the Redwood National Park, I saw a five-year diary of Mrs. Johnson's Attitude toward space exploration ls more Lady Bird in her scarlet coat looked like a travel: September 1965: planted a tree to favorable than a year ago. jaunty red cardinal. dedicate the county courthouse in Peoria. Desire for government to spend more on September 1966: 100,000 daffodil bulbs, space program at highest point in five years. As usual, some things about her beautifi Washington, D.C. April 1966: dedicated new cation trip were unsettling. One had to fiy Space exploration second only to war on esthetic lighting in San Antonio River. June poverty as showing greatest increase in de and drive through miles of manmade pollu 1967: National Historic Landmark plaque, tion to find the natural beauty we had come home of Calvin Coolidge, Plymouth, Vt. In sire for government activity over a year ago. here to honor, and even as we celebrated its dividually these achievements .seemed mod Opposition to space program primarily eco preservation its destruction continued around est and rather colorless acts, like Lady Bird nomic with emphasis on using funds for other us. Smoldering sawdust fouled the skies; pa herself. But it was a very thick notebook, government programs. permill sludge clotted the bay. On our official covering over 40 trips, and in the aggregate Public inclined to prefer manned over in- bus, official botanists told us that the groves a heroic achievement. When you add in all strumented space exploration. · have stood here for two million years. Se the other quiet, half-remembered things Interest in exploring planets exists but quoia sempervirens, the largest and oldest Mrs. Johnson had caused to happen, and other forms of space exploration should have living things on earth. The new park, they caused not to happen-her instinctive rush priority. said, will save them from becoming extinct. of loyalty to the Walter Jenkins family, for TRENDS IN ATTITUDE TOWARD THE SPACE but every few moments the bus window example, or the time she got that dressed-up PROGRAM wiped black-another timber truck returning dog out of the photograph-this quiet, plain, from the high hills with two or three giants The success of the Apollo VII missior, tough little woman looks more and more re appears to have raised public approval o::'. chained across its back. Their bark stripped, markable. Somewhere in that strange forest they looked fiayed and raw. All day the fat, spa.ce exploration from the unfavorable leve1 on that last day I began to sense how much experienced a year ago. Unfavorable attitude wet, red logs rolled by. more Mrs. Johnson leaves behind he'r than And this last day was far too full. There toward the program is at just about the daffodils coast-to-coast. Quite possibly she is lowest level since these measurements began was too much here to take in, and too much the best First Lady we have ever had. that was out of human scale, and too many over five years ago. (Table 1) opposites to be reconciled-somewhat like To further document this change in atti the Great Society itself. Magnificent prehis tude, the percentage of respondents who feel toric groves pressed against logged-over ridges the government is not spending enough on that looked like a giant's jawbone with the A PUBLIC OPINION SURVEY: ATTI space exploration is at the highest point of teeth knocked out. There were beach and TUDE TOWARD THE GOVERN this series of measurements. (Table 2) forest, elk and osprey, Indians and woodcut MENT SPACE AND MOON PRO Relative to other governmental programs, ters, timber barons and conservationists, GRAM, THIOKOL CHEMICAL CORP. the increase in percentage of respondents schoolgirl choirs and grinning politicians and who would like to see -the government do everywhere, omnipresent, the mystery of the more in Space Exploration is second only great trees. to the increase shown for the War on Pov HON. OLINE. TEAGUE erty among programs previously measured. Their backs to the sea, these redwoods OF TEXAS seemed to be making their last stand. Sem In terms of comparison to five additional pervirens. Live forever. This place is really a IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES government programs, respondents were tree cathedral, sacred to immortality. How Monday, January 6, 1969 more interested in space than in four of strange to wind it all up here, among these these five new areas including development prehistoric giants about to fall of their own Mr. TEAGUE of Texas. Mr. Speaker, of the Supersonic Transport. (Table 3) weight. Though the forest is magnificent, for the last several years the Thiokol The favorable change in attitude toward there is something scary in this fern-bot Chemical Corp. has undertaken a na the program carried over in to the benefits tomed, dripping gloom. These trees are really tional survey to determine the public's to be derived therefrom, with the largest Increased benefit coming as the enhance too big. Too old. Some have been dying for interest in their national space eifort. two thousand years. A fundamental law of ment of U.S. prestige in the eyes of other proportion seems broken here, and in one's Mr. Robert E. Davis, vice president of nations. The only loss in benefits was In mind it becomes a magic wood where the Thiokol Chemical Corp., has forwarded stimulating the National Economy by pro most commonplace conversations take on to me their most recent survey of Oc viding jobs. Respondents, however, did not strange overtones. A toppled giant is lying on tober 1968, conducted by Trendex, Inc. appear to attribute the same increase In the forest fioor, the underside of its roots Because of its significance, I am including benefits to their own individual lives. (Tables obscenely exposed. Nothing is deader than a excerpts of this survey in the RECORD for 4 and 5) January 6, 1969. EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 265 TABLE 1.-ATTITUDE TOWARD MOON PROGRAM (BY YEAR) Question : As you know, the United States is involved in a very competitive race to be first in space exploration, and the Government has a program to put a man on the moon by 1970. Are you in favor of this program? (In percent] October SepteT:e7 November June September September September July 1968 6 Janf9a57 1966 1966 1965 1964 ~ Febrt:s'l 1963 1963 Yes------68 51 71 69 71 77 69 64 59 61 21 35 24 27 25 20 25 31 39 38 ~~ ~cii>Tiirri;_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_ -_ -_ -_ -_ -_ -_ -_-_ -_ -_ -_ -_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_ -_-_ -_ -_ -_ -_ 11 14 5 4 4 3 6 5 2 1 Total ------100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Total number of respondents ______625 653 600 643 600 819 l , 197 1, 288 599 615 TABLE 2.-ATTITUDE TOWARD SPACE EXPENDITURES (BY YEAR) (In percent) Total October SepteT:if November June September September February September July 1968 Janr:67 1966 1966 1965 1964 1964 1963 1963 Question: Do you think the Government is spending enough, spendin$ too much, or not spending enough on the space 1 exK~:~~ i~ ~~!i;~~------42 49 ~l 47 ~~ 60 ~~ 43 55 49 ~~:~~[d~~~~~~~~~::: :::::::::: :::: ::::::::::::::: ti ~ 4~ ~ 2I 1~ t~ tl ~ ~~~~~~~~4i~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Tota'------======100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Total number of respondents------625 653 600 643 600 819 l, 197 1, 288 599 615 TABLE 3.- ATTITUDE TOWARD INVOLVEMENT BY TABLE 5.-BENEFITS Of' SPECIFIC AREAS TO INDIVIDUALS of space as well as :tor military and defense GOVERNMENT IN SPECIFIC PROGRAM purposes. (Tables 9, 10, 11 and 12) Percent very much Percent do more benefited TABLE 6.- REASONS FOR OPPOSITION TO SPACE EXPLORA TION PROGRAM Septem- October Sep October ,I be i:,1967 1968 tember 1968 [In percent) .. 1967 Question: Why are you not in favor of this program7 t Prefer to see money spent differently ______76 Question: Would you like to see the Government do more, do less, or do Question: I will read you this list again. To solve problems on earth ______35 about the same as they are now doing As I read each area, please tell On poverty programs ______14 in each of the following areas: Number polled ______me how much you feel you will be On medical research and care of sick ______5 1, 306 1, 283 benefited as an individual citizen- On urban problems ______3 Percent: very much benefited, somewhat bene- Water and air pollution ______Improved food supplies ______3 83 90 fited, or not particularly benefited: Ending war. ______------______3 Job training for the unskilled __ _ Number polled ______68 71 1, 306 l, 283 Education ______------3 Programs to keep America Percent: Other specific proposals ______10 beautifuL ______------___ 51 51 advancement of science War on poverty ______The 45 56 and technology ______47 42 Not worth the money ______Space exploration ______fil 26 31 lmpro~e!llents in the field of Doubts about value or success of program ______19 National transportation devel· med1cme . _. ______42 38 opment______(l) 46 On-the-spot coverage of inter- t Table adds to more than 100 percent multiple answers were Farm subsidies ______(1) 28 national events ______42 42 given. National defense ______Supersonicment. ______transport___ _develop-______40 43 (1) 26 Weather prediction through the Rent subsidies ______(1) 24 use of satellites ______38 39 Foreign aid ______(1) 8 Stimulating the national econ- TABLE 7.- PREFERENCE FOR MANNED VERSUS INSTRU· omy by providing jobs ______36 28 MENTED SPACE FLIGHTS Nation~! a~d international com- t Not asked in September 1967. mumcat1ons ______33 37 Question: When additional funds once again become available, TABLE 4.-BENEFITS OF THE SPACE PROGRAM TO SPECIFIC I mp roving our ship and air- on which one of the following would you prefer to AREAS craft navigation through see emphasis placed: navigational satellites ______26 23 Number polled ______1,283 Planet's natural resources. __ __ 25 25 Percent: Percent very much Reducing world tensions 1______23 22 benefited Manned space exploration ______49 Enhanced U.S. prestige in the Instrumented space exploration (where a man eyes of other nations ••••• _•• 21 27 ,Sep October tember 1968 1967 t In 1967 asked as "increased international cooperation." ~tg~f~?l~~~~;=d~======~! NEW AREAS OF MEASUREMENT ON THE SPACE Question: Consider the following areas as they are affected by the space pro EXPLORATION PROGRAM gram. As I read each one, plesae tell Opposition to the space program is pri TABLE 8.-ATTITUDES TOWARD EXPLORING PLANETS BY me if you think the area is very much marily economic, rather than reservation WHOM AND WHEN benefited by the space program, some what benefited by the space program, about its scientific value or feasibility. The or not particularly benefited by the · economic opposition is more on the basis of Question: Do you think we should explore the planets? space program: wishing to see the money spent on some Number polled ______1,283 Number polled ______1, 306 1, 283 Percent: other government program rather than in not Yes ______Percent: wanting to see it spent at all. (Table 6) 60 The advancement of science 30 and technology______70 72 Hal! of all respondents expressed a pref 10 Weather pred iction through use erence for manned rather than instrumented ~~ -opi-nioii======of satellites______63 73 space exploration. (Table 7) Question: (If yes, above) would you prefer to see them explored National and international by- communications ______61 70 Twice as many respondents thought the On-the-spot coverage of inter- planets should be explored as thought they Number polled ______774 national events ______60 65 should not be, half of those who wanted Percent: Stimulating the national Astronauts; that is, manned flights______50 economy by providing jobs __ _ 49 40 them explored, thought it should be done by astronauts and almost half o:t these thought Unmanned, instrumented flights______38 Improving our ship and air- 1 craft navigation through navi- these astronauts would be doing the explor ~~ g~T~T~~~~~ :::::::::: : ::::::::::::::::::: ~ gational satellites ______47 49 ing within 10 years. (Table 8) National defense ______47 54 Question : (If prefer astronauts, above) in how many years from Improvements in the fleld of Most respondents, however, felt other space .now do you think the United States should start exploration medicine ______38 37 matters would have priority over the explor of Mars? Enhanced U.S. prestige in the ation of Mars. These were the development 384 eyes of other nations. ______33 43 Number pooled ______------Discovering and developing of a re-usable spacecraft because of greater Percent: our planet's natural re· economy and efficiency, extensive -explora 24 sources______29 31 21 tion of the moon, because we should finish ~i~~i~Over 10 ~6~=~~5 years ___====___ ::::___ ::::::::::______:::___::::::__ ___:: _ Reducing world tensionst ______28 18 what we have only just started, and sending 10 Whenever thl!'y are ready ______19 out an orbiting manned space station to 3 t In 1967 asked as " increased international cooperation." provide a good base for further explorations ~~~pl~ro~~~~ = ::: : ::: : : : : : : : : : : : : :: : : : : : : : 23 266 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 6, 1969 TABLE 9.-PREFERENCE FOR SPACE ACTIVITIES FOLLOW! NG Section 1 : That this Council does hereby go (3) the most effective means for realizing SUCCESSFUL MOON PROGRAM on record as being in favor of an additional such objectives. cost of living payment to all people who are (b) The Commission shall submit to the Question : After the astronauts have landed and returned suc· cessfully from the moon, which should be our next major presently receiving Veterans Disability Pen Congress interim annual reports and a final effort in our space program? sions, Compensation, and/or Social Security report not later than thirty months after Number polled. ______1, 283 Benefits from the United States Government. the date of enactment of this joint resolution. Percent : Section 2: That copy of this Resolution be Such final report shall contain a detailed Concentrate on developing spacecraft which can be used over and over again______27 sent by the City Clerk to the Congressmen statement of the findings and conclusions of Extensively explore the moon ______25 from Dade County, to the two United States the Commission, together with its recom Send manned space stations into orbit around Senators representing the State of Florida in mendations for legislation and such other the earth ______15 the United States Congress, and to the action as the Commission deems necessary to Start a program to send men to explore Mars__ 5 Like to see something else as next major effort. 1 President-elect . carry out the objectives of this joint None of these ______20 Approved and adopted in regular meeting resolution. No opinion ______7 assembled this 17th day of December 1968. WILLIAM M. McDONALD, TABLE 10.- REASONS FOR PREFERENCE FOR REUSABLE [From the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, July 2, Mayor. 1968] SPACECRAFT Attest: VIRGINIA H . MOORE , THE ALARMING INCREASE OF VIOLENCE IN OUR (In percent( SOCIETY Total. ______------______1 347 City Clerk. Mr. MuRPHY of New York. Mr. Speaker, Greater economy ______71 we are experiencing an alarming increase of Greater efficiency ______22 violence in our society; it may be seen in Contribution to scientific knowledge ______17 Greater safety ______the increase in our crime rate, particularly 2 VIOLENCE IN TELEVISION the increase in crimes of violence, and it 2 PROGRAMS 2~h~~i~~~~~~======5 may be seen in the violence in our streets 1 Adds to more than 100 percent because of multiple responses. the rioting and looting which has hit many HON. JOHN M. MURPHY of our cities. TABLE 11.-REASONS FOR PREFERENCE FOR Some seek to dismiss such violence as OF NEW YORK EXTENSIVELY EXPLORING THE MOON something that has been part of our culture IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES since the days of the Old West, when vio II n percent] lence and survival often went hand in hand. Monday, January 6, 1969 Total. ______------______1 321 But we do not live in the Old West any Mr. MURPHY of New York. Mr. Speak more. While violence may have been neces First things first.. ______------50 sary to those pioneers who crossed the Plains Now that we're there, what can be gained ______25 er, on January 15 of this year I will in Least expensive______13 troduce a joint resolution directing the in covered wagons or to those who settled new Needs to be explored ______~ and unknown areas of our Nation, it can 1 Federal Communications Commission to no longer be justified in our modern so conduct a comprehensive study and in 2~h:~i~~~~~~~======2 ciety. The day of the gunfight has passed, 1 Adds to more than 100 percent because of multiple responses. vestigation of the effects of violence in although many seem to yearn for its simple television programs on the viewing audi solution and final judgment. TABLE 12.-REASONS FOR PREFERENCE FOR MANNED ence. The increase in acts of violence in our so ORBITING SPACE STATIONS For the benefit of those Representa ciety is not the only problem, however, even more alarming is the corresponding increase [In percent( tives who would like to cosponsor this in the acceptance of violence by the Ameri Total. ______------___ 1194 legislation on the 15th, I am inserting can people--not acceptance in the sense of Would make a good base______44 the text of the resolution and a statement approval, but in the sense of being blunted Military or defense purposes______21 explaining its purpose: or immune to its often tragic consequences. Observation, investigation, scientific, etc______21 Most economical______------9 Joint resolution to direct the Federal Com This attitude may be seen in the faces of 2 munications Commission to conduct a a crowd watching an assault in broad day 2~h~~i~~~~~~~======l comprehensive study and investigation of light without offering assistance to the vic 1 Adds to more than 100 percent because of multiple responses. the effects of the display of violence in tim or even calling the police; it may be television programs, and for other purposes heard in the voices of those who shout Whereas Congress finds that the increase "jump, you coward, jump" to the sick person of violence in American society, and the in on a bridge who has been driven to suicide COST-OF-LIVING PAYMENTS crease in the acceptance of violence by the by some unknown impulse. American people, are critical national prob As a society we are justifiably concerned lems; and with preventing and punishing the physical HON. J. HERBERT BURKE Whereas there is growing evidence that the acts of violence; we seek to understand and display of violence on television has an un alleviate the causes of such violence, we seek OF FLORIDA favorable effect on the public's attitude to to protect our people and our property from IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ward, and acceptance of, violence; and violence, and we punish those who are guilty of violent acts. Monday, January 6, 1969 Whereas there is a need to redefine public policy with regard to the display of violence It is obvious, however, that we have fol Mr. BURKE of Florida. Mr. Speaker, I in television programs; and lowed too narrow a path in our concern for have received a resolution which me Whereas in the course of redefining that preventing violence. At the same time we morializes the Congress to award an addi policy it will be necessary to collect and condemn violence, we buy our children toy tional cost-of-living payment to recipi evaluate data not presently available such tanks and machineguns and grenades, we as the extent of the display of violence on support-by buying tickets-movies which ents of veterans' pensions and/or social television, the effect that display has on the portray the most violent stories conceivable, security benefits. This resolution was attitudes and behavior of the viewing audi and we allow ourselves to be bombarded by adopted by the city council of North ence, and the remedies available both from television programs saturated with every pos Miami Beach, Fla., and I would like to within the industry and from public sources: sible violent act, all in living color. Are we bring it to the attention of my colleagues Now, therefore, be it to believe that such constant exposure to in the House at this time: Resolved by the Senate and House of Rep violence in our personal lives is having no resentatives of the United States of America effect on our thinking, attitudes, and be RESOLUTION R68-174, AS AMENDED in Congress assembled, That (a) the Fed havior, particularly that of our children? I Resolution memorializing Congress to award eral Communications Commission (here think it is obvious that there is a distinct an additional cost-of-living payment to after in this joint resolution referred to as and growing relationship between the in recipients of veterans' pensions and/or the "Commission"), in cooperation with crease in cruelty and violence which we are social security benefits those other Federal agencies which possess exposed to every day and the alarming rise Whereas, in our changing world it appears relevant competencies, shall conduct a com in acts and philosophies of violence through that taxes are ever increasing and the cost of prehensive study and investigation of the out our society. living likewise tends to increase; and effects on television viewers of the display Television, as our most powerful commu Whereas, those who suffer the most are of violence in television programs. Such study nications medium, is particularly infiuential people who can least afford to pay the in and investigation shall include consideration in this respect. During the prime viewing creased cost of living, a large part of those of- hours millions are watching their television being disabled veterans and elderly people, ( 1) the connection between the display of sets, and a high percentage of them are under older citizens who depend upon Veterans violence in television programs and the atti 18 years of age. Pensions or Social Security Benefits, tudes of television viewers toward violence; Television's ability to influence the viewer Now, therefore, be it resolved by the City (2) the public policy objectives to be can hardly be disputed; the firms paying the Council of the City of North Miami Beach, adopted with regard to the display of vio extremely high costs of television advertising Florida: lence in television programs; and would not do so unless they believed they January 6, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF .REMARKS 267 could influence the public to buy their prod courts have recognized the authority of the Jacob L. Holtzman of New York City, a uct. Are we to think that hours and hours of Federal Communications Commission to lifelong Republican who has served the violence and crime, shown every night of the consider the program policies and perform electoral colleges of the United States as week, are not having a similar impact? ance of broadcast licensees in connection with the renewal of their licenses. There vice president and president. One argument, of course, is that television In does not cause people to be violent, that fore, I see no reason why we should not be view of Mr. Holtzman's distin violence is the product of many factors. able to find a course of action which will guished service to the Republican Party This sounds like a similar argument ad safeguard both the rights of the public and and the electoral colleges of the United vanced by the National Rifle Association in our constitutional right of freedom of. States, I am including in my remarks a opposition to strong firearms legislation, that speech. The censorship of individual pro copy of this resolution. guns do not kill people, people kill people. grams is not at issue here; we are con The resolution follows: cerned with the overall programing policy Televised violence may not cause people to RESOLUTION commit a violent act, but it can arouse a of the television broadcast industry. lust for violence, it can reinforce it when it . In addition to calling on Senator DODD Whereas, The Honorable Jacob L. Holtz is present, it can show a way to carry it out, to reconvene his hearings, I will reintroduce man, of New York City, a life long Repub it can teach the best method to get away a joint resolution to direct the Federal lican, has served as Vice-President and Presi with it, or it can blunt the viewer's aware Communications Commission "to conduct a dent of the Electoral Colleges of the Unite VIEW ON ACHIEVEMENTS the final moment of his long, memorable tions. Passionate critic though he was, he Mr. Thomas was a prolific writer. He was journey. lived within the accepted social order and the author of 20 books, scores of pamphlets No conventional obituary can span the full conformed to most of its standards of pro and almost numberless newspaper and maga range of his humane, dedicated works. He priety: he used perfect English, had excel zine articles. He also served as editor of a va spoke and fought eloquently on great issues, lent table manners, lived in or near fashion riety of Socialist publications. but much of his life was devoted to the able Gramercy Park, had a family life that Toward the end of his life, he was asked quiet, often unheralded defense of lonely was a model of decorum and possessed a what he thought he had achieved. He re men and women who had been subjected to captivating personality. Esteem for him was plied: harsh indignities. personal to the point where he conferred l'I "I suppose it is an achievement to live to For many years he was known as America's certain cachet on dissent. my age and feel that one has kept the faith, leading Socialist. Yet he was never a deeply Mr. Thomas, who was anti-Communist ancl or tried to. It is an achievement to be able ideological man, and his bitterest moments anti-Soviet to a marked degree, wrote ex·· to sleep at night with reasonable satisfaction. occurred when he was caught in the cross tensively on what he regarded as the short "It is an achievement to have had a part, fire of doctrinaire leftwing feuds. He always comings of Marxism. One of his favorite even if it was a Ininor one, in some of the seemed taller than the other combatants arguments was expressed in question form : things that have been accomplished in the not because of any special infallibility but "Can a generation which has had to go far field of civil liberty, in the field of better because he kept his eyes fixed on large vi beyond Newtonian physics or atomic chemis race relations, and the rest of it. sions. try or Darwinian biology be expected to find "It is something of an achievement, I think, He hated war, oppression and every mani Marx, who was also the child of his time, to keep the idea of Socialism before a rather festation of cruelty; during the period pre infalll ble ?" indifferent or even hostile American public. ceding World War II his instinctive pacifism In his own philosophy, Mr. Thomas seemed That's the kind of achievement I have to my dismayed many of his earlier adherents. But ultimately to lean to democracy, albeit a credit, if any. As the world counts achieve no one ever disputed the depth and solemnity radical one by some standards. ment, I have not got much." of his convictions. Indeed, he sometimes "For the believer in the dignity of the Reminded at another time that he was wryly remarked that he wished that so many individual," he once declared, "there is only known as America's greatest dissenter, he who paid tribute to his sincerity were more one standard by which to judge a given so said that he had never espoused dissent for disposed to hear what he was saying. ciety and that is the degree to which it ap its own sake. He lived to se.e many of the early reforms proaches the ideal of a fellowship of free men. "The secret of a good life," he declared, "is he espoused accepted as laws of the land. But Unless one can believe in the pract1cab111ty of to have the right loyalties and to hold them he never acquired a complacent view of some sort of anarchy, or find evidence there in the right scale of values. The value of dis things as man continued to play with atomic exists a superior and recognizable governing sent and dissenters is to make us reappraise fire. Almost from the start he saw the Viet caste to which men should by nature cheer those values with supreme concern for truth. nam conflict as a deadly blunder and, with fully submit, there is no approach to a good "Rebellion per se is not a virtue. If it were, his last remaining resources of strength and society save by democracy. The alternative is we would have some heroes on very low spirit, he cried out against it. On this as on tyranny." levels." so many matters, he was tragically vindicated There was irony in the fact that Mr. by events. Thomas lived to see many of his spe - January 6, 1969 EXTENSIONS-OF REMARKS 275 NEW REPRODUCTIONS Sunday lecture: Carl Gustaf as a Collector CALENDAR OF EVENTS, NATIO~AL of Drawings. Guest Speaker: Per Bjurstrom, GALLERY OF ART, JANUARY 1969- Color Postcards: Altdorfer, The Fall of Man; Fra. Angelico and Fra Filippo Lippi, Curator of Prints and Drawings, National The Adoration of the Magi; Botticelli, The museum, Stockholm, Lecture Hall 4:00. Sunday concert: National Gallery Orches Adoration of the Magi; Lucas Cranach the Conductor HON. JAMES G. FULTON Elder, Portrait of a Man; Ghirlanda.io, Ma tra, Richard Bales, with Soloists OF PENNSYLVANIA donna and Child; Giovanni di Paolo, The and Chorus, East Garden Court 8: 00. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Adoration of the Magi. 5¢ each postpaid. MONDAY, JANUARY 20, THROUGH SUNDAY, FILM SHOWINGS JANUARY 26 Monday, January 6, 1969 The recent NBC-Television film American *Painting of the week: Van Gogh. La Mr. FULTON of Pennsylvania. Mr. Profile: The National Gallery of Art is shown Mousme (Chester Dale Collection), Gallery Speaker, on this first day of legislative in the auditorium each Saturday at 2:00 86. Tues. through Sat. 12: 00 & 2: 00; Sun. business in the House of Representatives p.m. 3:30 & 6:00. RECORDED TOURS Tour of the week: The J. M. W. Turner it is a pleasure for me to call the atten Exhibition. Rotunda (repeated from Nov. 12- tion of my colleagues and the American The Director's Tour. A 45-minute tour of 17, 1968). Tues. through Sat. 1:00; Sun. 2:30. people to the outstar1ding calendar of 20 National Gallery masterpieces selected Tour: Introduction to the Collection. Ro and described by John Walker, Director. The tunda. Tues. through Sat: 11:00 & 3:00; Sun. artistic and musical events taking place portable tape units rent for 25¢ for one in the National Gallery of Art during the person, 35¢ for two. Available in Engllsh, 5:00. month of January. Sunday lecture: Romatic Elements in Late French, Spanish, and German. Impressionism-Monet and Guillaumin. We in Congress are proud of the prog Tour of Selected Galleries. A discussion of Guest Speaker: Christopher Gray, Professor ress and the success of the National Gal works of art in 28 galleries. Talks in each of Fine Arts, The Johns Hopkins University, lery of Art, and recognize its continuing room, which may be taken in any order, last Baltimore, Lecture Hall 4:00. contribution to culture and the arts in approximately 15 minutes. The small radio Sunday concert: Francis Brancaleone, receiving sets rent for 25¢. our National Capital. We are grateful as Pianist, East Garden Court, 8:00. well for the dedication and the fine work GALLERY HOURS Inquiries concerning the Gallery's educa of Mr. John Walker, Director of the Na Weekdays 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. Sundays 12 tional services should be addressed to the tional Gallery, and his capable staff. We noon to 10 p .m. Admission is free to the Educational Office or telephoned to 737-4215, wish them well in the new year of 1969. building and to all scheduled programs. The ext. 272. Gallery is closed New Year's Day. There will *11" x 14" reproductions with texts for CALENDAR OF EVENTS, NATIONAL GALLER.Y OF be no educational services Inauguration Day, sale this week-15c each. (If mailed, 25c ART, JANUARY 1969 Monday, January 20. each.) RECENT ACQUISITION CAFETERIA HOURS On view this month in Gallery 87 is In Weekdays, Luncheon Service 11 a.m. to terior of Saint Peter's, Rome by the Italian 2 p.m.; Snack Service 2 p.m. to 4 p.m. Sun WHAT'S NEW ON THE TELLY? master Giovanni Paolo Panini (1691/92- days, Dinner Service 2 p.m. to 7 p.m. 1765). It enters' the collection through the Ailsa Melloh Bruce Fund. MONDAY, DECEMBER 30, THROUGH SUNDAY, HON. BERTRAM L. PODELL This view of Saint Peter's was one of JANUARY 5 · OF 1'EW YORK Panini's favorite subjects, for he painted the *Painting of the week: El Greco. Christ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES scene a number of times. It shows the arrival Cleansing the Temple (Samuel H. Kress Col of Cardinal Melchior de Pollgnac, who was · lection). Gallery 30. Tues. and Thurs. Monday, January 6, 1969 French Ambassador at the Vatican from 1724 through Sat. 12:00 & 2:00. Sun. 3:30 & 6:00. to 1732. However, this larg.e canvas (60% x Tour of the week: The William Sidney Mr. PODELL. Mr. Speaker, there was a 77¥2 in.) must have been painted later, at Mount Exhibition. Central Gallery (repeated remarkable program on television the some time between 1746 and 1754, for 'from Dec. 3-8, 1968). Tues., and Thurs. night of Wednesday, December 11, 1968, Panini's view keeps abreast of additions made through Sat. 1 :00; Sun. 2 :30. entitled "Mr. Nixon Presents." Normally, to Saint Peter's between those years. In this Tour: Introduction to the Collection. Ro the American people prefer to take their version the artist included, above the second tunda. Mon., Tues., and Thurs. through Sat. television reviews with their morning door in the right aisle of Sainit Peter's, the 11:00 & 3:00 Sun. 5:00. cereal, and by that standard it may be sarcophagus of Innocent XII, showing figures Sunday lecture: Degas and History Paint rather late in the game to review a per.:. of Charity and Justice added in 1746, but he ing. Guest Speaker: Theodore Reff, Professor did not show statues placed in the nave by of Art History, Columbia University, New f ormance put on several weeks ago. On Pope Benedict XIV in 1754. York City. Lecture Hall 4:00. the other hand, "Mr. Nixon Presents" Panini was exceptionally skilled in solving Sunday concert: National Gallery Orches was a showing of such transcendental problems of complex perspective views such tra, Richard Bales, Conductor. East Garden significance that it fully merits further as this. As in his Interior of the Pantheon, Court 8:00. review, at least from the perspective of which is also in the National Gallery, he uti MONDAY, JANUARY 6, THROUGH SUNDAY, passing days. lizes a vast interior as a stage set for diminu JANUARY 12 From the standpoint of the usual, ob tive, elegantly dressed people, who heighten jective criteria, which are the sine qua the sense of monumental space. *Painting of the week: Master of the Saint Lucy Legend. Mary, Queen of Heaven (Sam non of the television industry, "Mr. WILLIAM SIDNEY MOUNT uel H. Kress Collection). Gallery 35. Tues. Nixon Presents" was a smash hit. Audi Continuing in the Central Gallery through through Sat. 12:00 & 2:00; Sun. 3:30 & 6:00. ence surveys made by the National January 5 is the centennial exhibition Paint Tour of the week: Decorative Arts: Medi Arbitron cross-country phone poll indi er of Rural America: William Sidney Mount, eval and Renaissance. Rotunda. Tues. cate that the program attracted some 1807-1868. A catalogue by Alfred V. Franken through Sat. 1 :OO; Sun. 2 :30. where between 50 and 60 million Amer stein includes many of the Long Island art Tour: Introduction to the Collection. Ro tunda. Mon. through Sat. 11:00 & 3:00; Sun. ican viewers. The Nielsen ratings report ist's observations and notes. 10 ¥2" x 8", 72 that "Mr. Nixon Presents" did far bet pages, 8 color plates, 55 black-and-white il 5:00. lustrations. $2.75 postpaid. Sunday lecture: The Image of Christ in the ter than a basketball game and a replay Middle Ages. Guest Speaker: James D. Brec of a boxing tournament shown on com J.M. W. TURNER kenridge, Chairman, Department of Art, petitive channels. On the Main Floor is an exhibition of 16 Northwestern University, Evanston, Lecture Regrettably, the artistic qualities of the paintings by Joseph Mallard William Tur Hall 4:00 production did not measure up to the ner from the extensive British collection of Sunday concert: Sanford Allen, Violinist. success it achieved in the ratings. Its Mr. and Mrs. Paul Mellon. A catalogue is Paul Jacobs, Pianist. East Garden Court 8:00. artistic imperfections stem in part from available with introduction by John Walker MONDAY, JANUARY 13, THROUGH SUNDAY the inability of the producer to resolve a and text by Ross Watson, 10" x 7 ¥2 ", 32 JANUARY 19 pages, 16 black-and-white illustrations. $2.75 schizophrenic ambivalence as to whether *Painting of the week: Raphael. The Nic to exploit the television medium's com postpaid. colini-Cowper Madonna (Andrew Mellon Col INAUGURAL WEEK CONCERT mercial or entertainment potential. The lection), Gallery 8. Tues. through Sat. 12 :OO inevitable consequence of this bifurcated In honor of the inauguration of the Presi & 2 :00; Sun. 3:30 & 6:00. approach was an overly long commercial dent and Vice President of the United States Tour of the week: Decorative Arts: Louis the National Gallery Orchestra. with Th~ XV and Louis XVI. Rotunda, Tues. through and entertainment flatter than yester Festival Chorus and soloists, conducted by Sat. 1:00; Sun. 2:30. day's champagne. In fact, the program Richard Bales, will perform Mr. Bales' com Tour: Introduction to the Collection. Ro fell just short of creating a -crisis at the position The Republic on Sunday, January tunda. Mon. through Sat. 11:00 & 3:00; Sun. Federal Communications Commission 19 at 8 p.m. in the East Garden Court. 5:00. - over the pre-emption of pri.II}e television 276 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 6, 1969 time for commercial purposes. Part of difficult for millions to obtain food sup storm damage to electrical cables was being the problem faced by the producer was plements. This would hit hardest at repaired. For the first three weekdays, the Cleveland that the program was oversold. It was senior citizens with fixed or limited in Transit system reported that passengers very much as if Ed Sullivan announced comes and many small businesmen. All boarding at the ;new Airport rapid transit a forthcoming telecast featuring the manufacturers would be required to station ranged from l,760 to 2,211. The count world's 12 greatest performers, and then make practically the same product with of passengers boarding at the new Puritas proceeded to verbalize their skills and the same limited selections of ingredi station on the airport extension ranged from virtuosities. ents, with the same label. Thus, compe 1,742 to 2,313. These figures were for the in Under the circumstances, the illus tition would be eliminated, and producers bound direction and did not include riders trious 12 did remarkably well. Clearly prohibited from improving their prod arriving at these two locations. On Saturday, November 23, the number of passengers they are all solid graduates of the ucts based on results of their own, boarding at the Airport station was 2,848, Stanislavsky School of Method Act research. and on Sunday, November 24, this total was ing. Their characterization of imperturb This legislation seeks to amend the 3,590. It was estimated that about half of ability and inscrutability was exemplary Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act to the Sunday passengers boarding at the air - and must have roused the envy of Dean limit the authority of the Secretary of port were s)ghtseers. Rusk. The excellence of that character Health, Education, and Welfare in ad The new service was made possible by the ization was marred only by the weight ministering the act as it relates to the construction of a four-mile rapid transit ex watchers among the group, who notice potency, number, combination, amount tension at a cost of $18,600,000. Of the total cost, $12,334,000, or two-thirds, was provided ably winced when Mr. Nixon pointedly or variety of any synthetic or natural by the federal government under the Urban pointed to their extra dimensions. vitamin, mineral, substance or ingredi Mass Transportation Act. The one-third local It is also regrettable that Mr. Nixon ent of any food supplement which is not matching fund consisted of $5,041,000 pro leaned more heavily on the modalities shown to be injurious to health. FDA vided by Cuyahoga county and $1,250,000 by of Cabinet making rather than on the so orders for warning labels also would be the City of Cleveland. matic qualities of the end product. In an barred under such circumstances. For the new airport service, the Cleveland nouncing the appointment of Gov. Wal Unnecessary governmental controls Transit System purchased 20 air-conditioned, ter Joseph Hickel of Alaska as our new should be avoided when possible. I have stainless steel Airporter rapid transit cars from the Pullman-Standard Division of Pull Secretary of the Interior, President not yet been convinced that freedom of man, Inc. Involved in the building by Pull elect Nixon referred to the hoary tradi choice should be curtailed in this area. man-Standard of the cars were 18 major sup tion of appointing a westener to that pliers of equipment in the rapid transit office and pointed out that Alaska is industry. even wester than Hawaii. I suggest, Mr. ARRIVAL OF AIRPORTER TRAIN SECRETARY BOYD ADDRESSES LUNCHEON Speaker, that this is stretching extre HAILED The historic significance of Cleveland's pio mism to its outermost limit. Indeed, had neering rapid transit service to the airport Mr. Nixon searched just a few leagues was pointed up by Secretary Alan S. Boyd wester our Secretary of the Interior HON. WILLIAM S. MOORHEAD of the Department of Transportation, who might have turned out to be a citizen OF PENNSYLVAMIA was the principal speaker at the dedication luncheon in the Sheraton-Cleveland Hotel. of Kichighinsk. Nor is there anything in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the history of the United States that Secretary Boyd said in part: Monday, January 6, 1969 "We are celebrating-in its simplest validates the presupposition that anyone terms--the mating of the subway with the who is wester than anybody is simultane Mr. MOORHEAD. Mr. Speaker, all of airplane. I am sure there will be-as there ously and necessarily more interior than us concerned with rapid transit must is in every venture of this sort, whether tech anybody. salute Cleveland for taking the lead in nological or human-certain mating prob The new line of Cabinet offered to the solving the airport access problem which lems. I am equally sure, however, the union public by Mr. Nixon features the "extra plagues all of our major airports. will be lasting and fruitful. dimension," whose principal point of de On November 15 she became the first "The problem of sufficient airport access city to have a rapid transit line linking capacity is plaguing every major airport in parture from traditional Cabinet making the world. The line of cars waiting to get to seems to be the interchangeability of the airport with the city's downtown Chicago's O'Hare Airport stretched five miles parts. As explained by Mr. Nixon, that area-thus providing her commuters in last year's pre-Thanksgiving rush. Los An means that his Secretary of State, for ex with the essentials of fast travel, all geles' International Airport had to go on the ample, could fill the office of the Attorney weather reliability, and freedom from air every hour prior to last Christmas to General with equal dimentional extrane traffic congestion. warn of the parking space shortage. Air traffic ousness. Only time will tell whether a All eyes will be on Cleveland to see how controllers trying to get to work at Miami Cabinet so designed and so constructed the system works, and I am hopeful other International were stalled in line for two and one-half hours trying to get from the en can long endure. cities will follow her example in solving trance to the terminal. And only time will tell whether "Mr. commuter clogging-bu"; one of the many "And yet, Cleveland is the first-and to Nixon Presents" will have the enduring problems we must meet in connection date the only-city to provide a direct rapid qualities of "Bewitched" or "Petticoat with today's airport crisis. transit line for its airport travelers. I con Junction." That in turn will depend upon The Newsletter for the Institute for gratulate you for your wisdom and foresight. whether Mr. Nixon can make Washing Rapid Transit, December 1968, discusses "The dividends from this joining of the ton as exciting a town as Hooterville. the Cleveland system, which I include airport to the rapid transit system will be for the attention of my colleagues at this obvious and immediate. And these benefits will not be limited to air travelers. Certainly, point in the RECORD: the commuters living along the new line will CLEVELAND OPENS FmsT AIRPORT RAPm TRAN benefit, but everybody in Cleveland will aso VITAMIN AND FOOD SUPPLEMENT SIT benefit. AMENDMENT OF 1969 The nation's first rapid transit line linking "The fact is today's metropolitan airport a major airport directly with a city's down is a major generator of surface traffic. Airport town area was dedicated November 15 when traffic is not an isolated phenomenon. It is HON. JOHN V. TUNNEY more than 500 governmental officials, civic part of the urban transportation system. leaders and transportation experts took the This was dramatically demonstrated in some OF CALIFORNIA inaugural ride on a four-car Airporter train recent studies of ground traffic arriving at IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES from Hopkins International Airport to down Kennedy International. The results of these Monday, January 6, 1969 town Cleveland. studies are of pertinence to us here today. The dedication ceremonies, which also in We learned, for example, that less than one Mr. TUNNEY. Mr. Speaker, I am cluded a large civic luncheon, marked the third of those traveling to Kennedy are air pleased to join in the sponsorship of leg completion of a two-year, $18,600,000 con travelers. Visitors constitute a larger number. islation designed to curb a proposed struction project that is expected to set a But the single largest category of daily sur ruling by the Food and Drug Administra pattern for the application of rapid transit face travelers to Kennedy are airport em as the ground-travel answer in major cities ployes. I have no doubt that roughly the same tion on vitamins. to the jet age. proportions prevail here. The moving of some The regulations proposed by FDA Cleveland's new rapid transit service to of this traffic to the rapid transit will ease would impos.e excessive restraints on con the airport was placed into effect for the pub the jam on many of your highways. sumers by forcing them to get prescrip lic on November 21. The start of regular "The value of the new (rapid transit) ex tions for vitamins and would make it service was delayed for about a week while tension will grow with the increased use of January 6, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 277 Hopkins Airport," Secretary · Boyd empha passenger seats-Flexible Company; tem City employees gleefully celebrated reaching sized. "I cannot but think-looking ahead perature controls-Vapor Corporation; panto a new milestone in industrial safety, having that rapid transit is probably the only sound graph-August Stemmann, OHG; glass worked 4,000,000 consecutive manhours answer to the problem that will be coming Corning Glass Works; public address system without a lost-time accident. Kansas City with the arrival in service of the giant Boe Hamilton Electronics; wheels-Griffin Wheel employees haven't had a disabling injury on ing 747. This airliner with a capacity of up Company; journal bearings-Timken Roller the job since Jan. 17, 1966. wards of 350 passengers will move into com Bearing Company, and cab signal system The achievement surpassed the old world's mercial service at the end of next year. Two General Railway Signal Company. record in the soap and glycerine industry of 3,979,469 manhours, set by P&G's Long Beach of these giant passenger planes arriving at AIRPORTER CARS HAVE CAB SIGNALS Hopkins about the same time would, with plant in 1956. The new cab signals basically represent an A celebration was held at our Kansas City out transit, require some combination of 250 automatic block system which brings the sig taxis and/or 700 private cars. Add these to plant Sept. 27, commemorating the event. It nal into the cab of each train rather than was attended by some 500 employees, offi the normal 5:30 p.m. airport traffic jam, and having it along the right-of-way. It also then add both to the normal evening com cials and guests, including National Safety continuously informs the motorman of the Council President Howard C. Pyle, who pre muter traffic and you will quickly see the speed to which he is restricted by the train advantages of this new transit line." sented NSC's highest award-the Award of operating ahead. The cab signaling is op Honor-to Kansas City Plant Manager V. M. FAST SERVICE AT 10-MINUTE INTERVALS erated by the use of audio frequency signals Rusty; Kansas City, Kans., Mayor Joseph H. E. C. Krueger, General Manager of the transmitted from trackside equipment and McDowell; U.S. Representative from Kansas Cleveland Transit Syste~. explained that the picked up by equipment on the train. These Larry Winn; and C. C. J. Forge, Manager new Airporter rapid transit trains are sched signals are translated into audible and visual of Manufacturing for P&G's Packaged Soap uled to operate at 10-minute intervals and signals seen by the motorman on the cab sig and Detergent Division. to make the run of 11 miles between the air nal or speedometer indicators. For the plant's outstanding safety achieve port and the Union Terminal in the city's A beeping alarm is sounded whenever a sig ment, the Company presented each Kansas downtown in 20 minutes. In addition, the nal indicator changes to a m.ore restrictive City employee with a Pendleton Stadium Airporter trains, along with other rapid indication or whenever the speed of the train Robe. Plant safety committeemen Charles transit trains, also operate for eight miles exceeds the maximUin allowed speed. When Colby and W. E. Fowlkes accepted the gift east from the downtown area to serve several the alarm sounds, the motorman has 2 ¥z sec robes at the ceremony in behalf of the Kan major suburbs in that area. onds to roopond or the train will be stopped sas City employees. In addition to the advantages of fast automatically. · Back in 1961 Kansas City made another travel, all-weather reliab1lity and freedom At present, the new signal control system serious "run" at Long Beach's world's record, · from street traffic congestion, the new rapid is in use over the new extension west of West only to see its effort fall short at 3,177,000 transit extension to the airport also provides Park station, on track 9 in the Union Termi manhours. Their previous highs were 2,351,- riders with a substantial saving in travel nal, and on tracks 1 and 2 at the Windermere 213 manhours, set in 1952, and 2,094,189 costs. A ride on the Airporter rapid transit station. Eventually, the entire CTS rapid manhours, set in 1963. trains costs 35 cents, as compared with $6 for transit line will be equipped with the new Kansas City employees take great pride a taxi or $1.60 for an airport limousine. cab signal system. in their new safety achievement, not only The four-mile extension to the airport in INTRODUCES FIRST POST-WAR RAPID TRANSrr because it is a record-shattering perform cludes five bridges, two on-line stations, a Cleveland introduced the country's first ance, but more importantly, because it 1,600-foot subway into the airport, and the post-war rapid transit service March 15, 1955, means that not a single employee has suf airport station, the latter of which is adja when it opened a 7.84-mile route from fered any kind of a serious lost-time injury cent to the maln entrance of the airport ter Windermere station at Doan and Euclid at work during this period. It is a feat which minal building. A pedestrian tunnel, 110 feet Avenue in East Cleveland to the downtown every P&G employee and plant can look up long, connects the airport station to the Union Terminal. Five months later a 5.24- to in the years ahead. terminal building. mile West Side route was opened to W. 117th EXTENSION ALSO IMPORTANT TO COMMUTERS Street and Madison Avenue N.W. Rapid tran In addition to serving the air traveler, the sit was extended to W. 143rd Street and new extension ls designed to provide sub Loraine Avenue, 1.84 miles, on November 15, ROGERS CALLS FOR HEARINGS ON urban commuters living along the new line 1958. The new extension to the airport is to AIR HIJACKS, SUGGESTS CUBAN the same fast, safe and convenient rapid the southwest from 143rd and Loraine. AIR EMBARGO transit _service that has been available to the The rapid transit route of the Cleveland east and near-west suburbs for several years. Transit System now is a single line stretching Of significance to these commuters is the 19 miles along private right-of-way from East large number of free parking spaces being Cleveland to the airport in an S-shaped curve HON. PAUL G. ROGERS provided by the Cleveland Transit System at that takes it through downtown. Seventeen OF FLORIDA the two new stations-Puritas and Brook stations, about a mile apart, dot the route. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Half have special adjacent off-street buster park. One of the two new on-line stations, Monday, January 6, 1969 Puritas, has opened with the start of the air minals for sheltered connections, plus the port service, and has provided an additional free parking for CTS riders. Mr. ROGERS of Florida. Mr. Speaker, 1,250 free parking spaces. The other new sta Since 1960, the CTS has been making en gineering and feasibility studies for rapid during the past year there have been tion, Brookpark, is to be opened early in the more than 20 hijackings or attempted new year, with also 1,250 additional free transit extensions south to Parma, south parking spaces. The two new stations will east to Maple Heights, ea.st to Cleveland hijackings of American planes to Cuba. bring the total of parking spaces along the Heights, and northeast to Euclid. Combined This problem has continued to grow al CTS rapid transit route to 7,500. Both sta with a proposed · downtown subway, these though the FAA and airlines have tried tions also are being provided with extensive proposals are expected to cost more than $200 various means of halting this air piracy. "kiss-'n'-ride" · and "bus-'n'-ride" facilities. million. To date, we have tried to develop THE AIRPORTER RAPID TRANSIT CARS various detection devices which will The Airporter rapid traJll.Sit cars, which cost SAFETY AT PROCTER & GAMBLE catch potential hijackers. But as long as $175,000 each, are 70 feet long, and seat 80 there is sanctuary in Cuba, a determined persons. They have fluorescent lighting, spe hijacker will find a way. cial luggage racks at the doors near the ends I have asked the Honorable HARLEY of the car, wide seats, tinted windows, and an HON. LARRY WINN, JR. unusual concept of heating and cooling OF KANSAS STAGGERS, chairman of the House Inter through window sill vents. Each of the Air IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES state and Foreign Commerce Committee, porter cars is powered by four 100-horse to open hearings on the problem of hi power traction motors mooe by General Elec Monday, January 6, 1969 jacking in order to air all possible solu tric Company. Mr. WINN. Mr. Speaker, last Septem tions, including the possibility of estab- other major suppliers of equipment used ber I was pleased to attend a celebration lishing an air embargo of Cuba. · in the construction by Pullman-Standard of by the employees of Procter .& Gamble's If air carriers and their governments the CMS were: stainless steel-Republic Steel Kansas City, Kans., soap and detergent could reach an agreement not to service Oor:poration and United States Steel Corpora plant on their surpassing a 12-year safety Cuba or allow Cuban planes to use air tion; trucks-LFM-Atchison, division of record in the industry. facilities of their countries when there Rockwell Manufacturing Company; braking are hijackers being given sanctuary in control-Westingh.ouse Air Brake Company; The October issue of Moonbeams, br.a.ke units-American Steef Foundaries; Procter & Gamble's emJ)loyee magazine, Cuba, I think it might have an effect on ll~tin.g fi:ictures-Luminator, Inc.; ak-condi-. contains a description of the event, which the Cuban Government to return hi tioning-Safety Electric Equipment Corpora I include at this point in the RECORD: jackers. tion; door engine Mld control s}rstem-;-Vapor 'l'here was joy in Kansas City, Kans., on We have seen nearly 40 planes pirated ~a.ti.on; couplers-Westingh9use , ~ir Friday, Sept. 27. to Cuba. I feel that hearings will allow Brake Oompany; ba.tterles-Ex:tde,;.E,S.B., Ine., It was the day when hundreds o! Kansas us to examine all forms of preventive 278 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Januar y 6, 1969 and punitive measures which could re As though to prove how dangerous the This would give no reward to speculators, sult in a solution to the problem. present situation is, Kennedy's own remarks but, over time, would avoid serious imbal that the new Administration wanted to ance among nations. "keep every option open" when it comes to The reserves in the monetary ..system should the international monetary system set off be incre'ased. But this should not be done by a brief burst of speculation and a quick changing the price of gold; that would not REFORMING THE INTERNATIONAL runup in the price of gold. The fact is that only reward speculators but, more seriously, MONETARY SYSTEM the state of international monetary markets it would make the system more unstable today can be compared to that in a gassy coal and infiationary, and it would give a crush mine, where anything-a spark from a dig ing blow to confidence in the dollar and all HON. HENRY S. REUSS ging machine or a carelessly lighted ciga currencies. Instead, the new Administration rette-can touch off an explosion. should press hard for the addition of special OF WISCONSIN It is impossible to know exactly what will drawing rights and the pooling of national IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cause the next monetary explosion, or how reserves, including both gold and dollars. Monday, January 6, 1969 serious it Will be. But what we do know is Secretary-designate Kennedy has dis that we have had crisis after crisis-involv covered that, where the Johnson Administra Mr. REUSS. Mr. Speaker, the events ing the pound, the dollar, the franc, and the tion suffered from a credib111ty gap, he may of recent months have once again dem mark in just the past year-and that the sys be hurt by a veracity glut. He should now onstrated the vulnerability of the inter tem is ripe for another crisis at any time. reaffirm his long-held determination to keep national monetary system and the need The spark that touches it off can come from gold at its present price; he will be believed anywhere-demonstrations by French stu as soon as he can disclose a well-conceived for reform. dents, strikes by British workers, or too frank plan that will make a gold price change the Last September, the Joint Economic a remark by a U.S. official. Since it is im least likely option. Committee's Subcommittee on Interna possible to eliminate the possibility of shocks tional Exchange and Payments published or accidents, it is urgent to strengthen the a report "Next Steps in International system's ability to absorb them. Monetary Reform." The recommenda The trouble with the world monetary sys UNDERSTANDING: THE KEY TO tions contained therein received the tem is basically threefold: BUSINESS-GOVERNMENT COOP unanimous support of the subcommittee All of the major industrial nations are in ERATION members: flation-prone-but in varying degrees. This means that, as one nation inflates or grows First. In order to expand the supply faster than others, the fixed exchange rates of internationally acceptable reserve between currencies are constantly getting out HON. MICHAEL A. FEIGHAN assets, we urged early ratification of the of whack. With their political commitment OF OHIO Special Drawing Rights Amendment to to full employment, most nations a.re un IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the IMF Articles of Agreement and the willing to take the deflationary steps that distribution of SDR's as soon as possible. will put their prices and costs back in line, Monday, January 6, 1969 Second. We endorsed the March 1968, and thus validate the existing exchange rate. Mr. FEIGHAN. Mr. Speaker, on De Washington agreement that establisi.1ed The alterantive to defiationary moves to cember 12, 1968, Mr. James M. Roche, the two-tier gold price system and in correct balance-of-payments deficits would chairman of General Motors Corp., ad be for nations to change their exchange sisted that the official price of gold re rates. But the Bretton Woods system, with dressed the annual meeting of the lliinois main unchanged. To guarantee the re fixed rates, makes this impossible-until a Manufacturers Association. The keynote serve-asset value of existing official gold nation is in "fundamental disequilibrium." of his remarks is the need for better un stocks, we recommended that gold re In fact, major nations fight like tigers, as a derstanding that will lead to a more con serves be deposited or earmarked with matter of both national honor and in re structive relationship between Govern the IMF. sponse to pressure groups, not to devalue or ment and business. In my opinion Mr. Third. To guarantee the value of out upvalue their currencies. Hence, maladjust Roche's comments are timely and inter standing currency reserves, we sug ments among currencies grow worse over esting. time-until a real crisis is in the making, gested that these also be deposited or because speculators sense that a huge re Under leave granted, I herewith insert earmarked with the IMF. valuation must lie ahead. in the RECORD the address of Mr. Roche: Fourth. To help prevent continuing With all its faults, the system worked well UNDERSTANDING: THE KEY TO BUSINESS payments surpluses or deficits, we pro for many years followlng World War II GOVERNMENT COOPERATION posed a modest relaxation of the legal because the U.S. was able to cushion the I count it as a distinct honor to meet constraints that limit variations in ex adjustment problem, both by feeding huge with you tonight, to congratulate the Illinois change rates. reserves of gold and foreign exchange to the Manufacturers Association upon your 75th Since the publication of our report, rest of the world and by permitting other Anniversary. support for its recommendations has countries to devalue against the dollar. But I am always glad to come to your State be grown. Perhaps much of this support is that period came to an end With depletion of cause it is my State as well. I was born in U.S. gold stocks and the worsening of the Elgin, Illinois, and began my business career in reaction to the franc-mark crisis that U.S. trade and payments position. occurred subsequently. I call attention in this city. Another reason I am glad to come THE CHANGES NEEDED to Illinois is because General Motors' share to an editorial that appeared in the De of passenger car sales is higher here than in 28 The future growth of the world economy cember issue of Business Week. Point demands a reconciliation of domestic and any other State. I like to be among people by point, it is in conformity with the international economic aims. This is the with that kind of discernment. recommendations of our subcommittee. critical task to which the new Administration Organizations such as yours render im Specifically, it advocates the expansion must direct it.s efforts. The chief measures portant service to both the business com of international liquidity through dis that must be taken must be designed to munity and the nation. You provide an effec tribution of SDRs; opposes any change attack each of the three problems that affiict tive means for thousands of businessmen to in the price of gold; supports pooling of the existing system: make themselves heard and help shape the both gold and dollar reserves; and, urges The U.S., which is the center of the world patterns of our national life. I am sure all study of greater exchange rate variabil monetary system, must curb its own infiation who value the voice of responsible business and get its balance of payments under better men join me in wishing you many happy ity, either through widening of the band control. Given the risks of causing a. deep returns. within which rates are allowed to :fluc recession, which would be seriously de THE TIME OF TRANSITION tuate or through small, gradual changes stabilizing, and given U.S. world responsi We meet today at the midpoint of transi in par values. bilities, this cannot be an overnight achieve tion in the American government-halfway The text of the Business Week edito ment. But it is one we must steadily pursue. between Election Day and Inauguration Day. rial follows: The present exchange rate mechanism In Washington and around our country, it [From the Business Week, December 28, 1968] needs change. A :floating exchange rate sys is a time of new thjnktng, of reassessment, of tem would only aggravate 1.nStab1lity, but mustering and reviewlng the forces of a free A CURE FOR THE WORLD'S MONETARY ILLS there might be some widening of the band society for the challenges of the coming Treasury Secretary-designate David M. a.round existing exchange rate parties; years. Kennedy has put the world on notice that for instance, the band might be Widened One item on the agenda of reassessment the Nixon Administration will give the high from 1 % to 2 % . In addition, serious study concerns us most directly: the attitude of est priority to improving the international should be given to small, year-by-year the new administration and the new Con monetary system, in order to ward off the changes in the rate at which a nation's cur gress toward business. At the same time lt dangers of future crises, chaos, and a split rency is pegged. For instance, if a currency would be well for us 1n the business commu ting up of the existing structure of liberal stays at the bottom of its band for most of a nity to examine our attitude toward govern trade into protectioni13t nations or blocs of year, the peg might be moved down to that ment. We can explore what we can do to nations. level-say by 2%-at the end of the year. achieve better understanding that wm lead January 6, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 279 to a more constructive relationship between We must build an atmosphere of mutual other nations, with other systems, aspire to business and government. trust and confidence, with each respecting our affiuence. Dreaming of a better world, These two important segments of our so the rights and opinions of the other, so that they seek to raise their standards of living. ciety-perhaps more than any others-will we may make our free competitive system Some are making substantial economic prog determine the future of the United States. satisfy the legitimate needs of our people. ress. In the markets of the world, America What they do will surely affect the economic We should not expect that we will always 1s aggressively challenged by new, vigorous, well-being of our people, and our country's agree. But we can hope to achieve better determined, and capable competition. understanding. This developing challenge is seen the great position as a leader and stabilizer of the growth of imports into the United States. world economy. America's high standard of living ls in large part a tribute to American business, These are in fields where our country was ALLIES NOT ADVERSARIES and we must maintain public confidence in long impregnable, such as steel, automobiles, Business and government can ill afford to the practices and products of busin~s. We electronics and electrical equipment. The be adversaries. So mutual are our interests, so must strike a proper balance between busi challenge is also evident in the increasing formidable are our challenges, that our times ness activities and constructive government competition our exports are meeting in world demand our strengthened alliance. The suc programs. markets. These competitive developments cess of each largely depends upon the other. have seriously reduced our favorable balance Today, business and government are each BUILDING FREE ENTERPRISE of trade. becoming more involved in the affairs of the There is much business and government THE VITAL QUESTION other. can do together. We can build upon three~ The question upon which depends so much No businessman today-neither the man sentials of free enterprise: incentive, a free of America's future is this: Can free govern ager of a large corporation nor the corner market, and management efficiency. ment and free business-each faithful to its druggist--can operate without consideration Opportunity for profit is the basic incen purpose--work together to serve our nation's of government restriotions and regulations. A tive of business-and businessmen need greater interest. Can we make free enterprise bill passed in a distant capitol can affect his make no apology for seeking it. When we equal to these new challenges? business as much as a drop in sales or a deci earn a profit, we need not be defensive about We can, if we as a people have the will, sion made in his front office. S.E.C., F.T.C., it. The reward of profit is the prime reason the unity of purpose, and the determination H.E.W. are more than letters of the alphabet for being in business. that has carried our nation through other to the businessman. Their policies and direc But every businessman knows there are great challenges. tives, along with the problems of interlocking other incentives. We have all felt, for ex We must retain what is good in our sys directorships, taxes, inspections, government ample, the pride of accomplishment, the sat tem, and improve it where possible. We must standards and guidelines, and legislative isfaction of helping community and country, be ready to throw out what may be bad, but hearings are all part of his business. More of providing opportunities for young people we must take care that we not sacrifice the over, the businessman is now encountering and watching them develop, and the contin achievements of almost two centuries of free new interest---at all levels of government---in uing excitement of growing, of doing more, enterprise. We must not trade proven values the rights of the consumer, in how much the of contributing more. Our incentives are to for mythical goals-some of which could de businessman asks for his products and how contribute as well as to earn. These incen stroy our system and frustrate the national much he pays his employes. tives of free enterprise--profit and the less objectives toward which we aspire. It is understandable that the businessman tangible rewards-have achieved the best We businessmen must be prepared to do should long for a return to simpler days, to utilization of man's energy and brains. The our part. We start with the firm conviction the uncomplicated world of buy and sell we government can make a great contribution that free enterprise, not a controlled econo used to know. But the clock of history does by keeping these incentives as free as possi my, is our best answer to economic challenge. not turn back. Government involvement in ble from cumbersome restrictions. We must give freely of our energies, ex business today is a fact of life and in appro If such incentives are the carrot of fre·e perience, and management skills. We must priate amount it is necessary to the nation's enterprise, competition in a free market is develop the social awareness and flexibility progress. the stick. A free market is one where goods needed to meet fast-changing situations. It 1s important, therefore, that business can be produced and sold competitively, Shifting social values and pressures should begin with an understanding of this fact, and where success is earned on the basis of cus stimulate--not reduce--our response and cooperate in all areas where cooperation can tomer choice--on merit not presumption summon the finest leadership of which we help further the nation's interest. and where the ultimate test of a product is are capable. There are many areas, however, in which that its value to the customer be greater than We must bring to the task the same quali the responsibilities of government and busi its cost. ties that spell business success-integrity, ness are better left separate. We both have Government can both increase incentive experience, precision, knowledge, responsi an obligation to recognize those areas and to and improve market conditions if it will bility, honesty, and dedication. There is no respect them. simplify regulations, eliminate unnecessary short-cut; no slap-dash way. The challenges H is worth noting that business and gov restrictions, develop sensible tax laws, and are not short-term. The stakes are no less ernment are already working together toward free industry from political harassment. than the continued improvement of our national goals. Business is taking a hand in Government must provide a climate of mini standard of living and the preservation of affairs which were once the exclusive province mum restraint and maximum freedom con American leadership in the world. of local, State, or Federal government. sistent with the national interest. As we approach these tasks, perhaps our Talk about effective cooperation between Operating in a free market, with incentives greatest need is for understanding. We must business and government is giving way to business must provide the third essential of develop more effective communication action. Only recently we have begun to join free enterprise, management efficiency. Com among all segments of our society between in efforts to alleviate urban and social ills petition for profits in a free market demands labor and management, teachers and par which bedevil our society and contradict our a high degree of management skill and effi ents, business and the consumer, and-in prosperity. Business ls training and hiring ciency. Management efficiency, in turn, as the area that concerns us tonight---between the hard-core unemployed, helping to give · sures more and better products, lower prices, government and business. higher wages, and greater profits and divi minorities a better economic break. Business, UNDERSTANDIN~HE KEY TO COOPERATION with government, is helping to restore, renew, dends-all fundamentals of a healthy, grow ing economy. The key to cooperation is understanding and rebuild our cities and our countryside. of business by government and government We work together to shape our national pol Conversely, no economy nor society can long afford management inefficiency, whether by business. In some respects, the two come icy, and to fulfill our public purpose. And together as virtual strangers. And not with there is much, much more for us· to do it stems from ineptness, lack of incentive, or unnecessary government interference. out reason. American businessmen have together. grown up in a tradition of non-interference, As the challenges to our nation intensify GROWTH IN FREEDOM a tradition now undergoing scrutiny and and multiply, we can expect---and should en The United States was born free, wholly change. courage-business and government to draw new, a young energetic force in the world. Once it was not unusual for a government even closer together. Both the business com For almost two centuries, we have affirmed official to take office with a good knowledge munity and our country stand to gain if we the value of freedom. We have grown, in of business, often drawn from his own ex work together-if we come together, not as freedom, to international greatness. Our perience. Today young men select their fields adversaries, but as allies. manpower, resources, and technology-com early in life and pursue increasingly narrow, After all, we share many common objec bined with a reasonable political climate and more specialized careers in government or in tiv~. We both want a flourishing economy a free competitive economic system-have business. With different standards of success, and a prosperous citizenry. We both want a made us the envy of every other country. those in one field tend to grow more apart better America with more equal justice and Yet, the American concept of free enter from those in the other. broader opportunities. We both want to prise is sometimes questioned at home and Misunderstanding is an inevitable conse maintain honesty in the marketplace: gov often challenged abroad. quence of separateness. And many areas of ernment wants it because it is in the best Here at home, some men question if this misunderstanding stand between government interest of the consumer, and business be "old-fashioned" system is still what the bet and business. Tonight, I would mention two caulile its success depends on satisfied cus ter-educated, more sophisticated, more finan examples. One is the imperfect understand tomers. cially sufficient society of today really wants. ing and consequent distrust of bigness in Business and government have an obliga Or can some other system do a better job? business. The other is the assumption that tion to communicate and exchange views. At the same time, throughout the world, productivity advance is automatic and a sure- 280 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 6, 1969 fire corrective for policies which produce The glum prophets of doom have always rent rate. Price stability, equitable wages, inflation. predicted-and some still do-that the and technological innovation are essential to growth of corporate business must inevitably continued economic progress. Our natien en THE BUGABOO OF BIGNESS lead to a massive takeover of power. They joyed remarkable growth from 1961 through Bigness--per se--is not bad, as some would envision our country transformed into a cor 1964, with good balance between wages and have us think. On the contrary, it is con• porate state, where the private corporation productivity. But imbalance since then, com structive and has made possible much of our is dominant. Nothing could be further from bined with excessive growth in demand, have national economic progress. the truth. If you question this, just ask some produced the inflationary tendencies which We are a big country. We live in a big of us who are asked to "visit Washington" now imperil our economy. We have seen our world. We have big government, big unions, regularly. world balance of trade deteriorate in the past and big business. But some people seem to Both the bigness in American business and few years as we have priced ourselves out of talk most about--and worry most about the progress of our economy result from our competition in many different lines. We can the bigness of business. historic freedom to compete. The company not eliminate our balance-of-payments prob Many who deplore the bigness of business that does the best job gives progress to our lem, nor long preserve the value of the dollar, mistake economic competition for the pred country. And the people, in tl,!rn, by buying unless we balance wages with productivity. atory life of the jungle, where the big grow its products, give the company its size. We must find ways to draw the public's bigger as the small grow fewer. This is not America must always have a place for big attention to excessive wage demands and the case. The growth of big business has not business if our country is to compete suc their implications on prices as vigorously as occurred at the expense of small businesses. cessfully in the widening markets of the price changes are emphasized. And we must As the head of the Small Business Adminis world. do so before the fact--not after the wage tration has pointed out, a century ago about PRODUCTIVITY, WAGES AND PRICES contract is signed, and its impact on prices 300,000 businesses-nearly all small by to becomes inevitable. day's standard&--served a population of 29 In addition to the myth of dangerous big These two myths--of increased productiv million. Today 4.8 million serve a population ness, there is also serious misunderstanding ity that is automatic and bigness that is of 200 million. So, while population has of the concept of productivity and how it dangerous-are typical of the misunder grown sevenfold, the number of businesses applies to wages and prices. standings that better communication can has multiplied 16 times. Productivity ls a popular word at the bar clear up as government and business work Big a.nd small businesses are mutually de gaining table. And it has a place there. In more closely together. pendent. The critics of bigness forget this, fact, twenty years ago, General Motors helped overlooking that the big company is also a give historic recognition to the truth that THE TASK WE FACE TOGETHER big customer. General Motors, for example, continuing technological improvement is es The constant objective of our concerted spends nearly half of its income for the goods sential to the progress of all. In 1948, for the efforts should be to protect and preserve and services of more than 37,000 smaller busi first time, our union agreements had a pro the system of free enterprise that is the dis nesses-over three-quarters of whom employ vision for relating wage improvement to the tinctive hallmark of our national economic fewer than 100 people. Then, to sell its prod increasing productivity of the country as a life. ucts, General Motors depends on tens of whole. Our American system-the profit system, thousands of additional small businesses--on Expanding markets, efficient management, or free enterprise, or capitalism, call it what 14,000 vehicle dealerships and 128,000 other and technological innovation have helped you will-has produced a far better social retail outlets. American industry achieve a startling in product than any other system the world Big and small business aid and support crease in productivity. has ever known. It has not achieved a perfect each other to the benefit of the nation's But, unfortunately, many people have social order, but our constant mission as economy and the individual customer. Small come to take annual productivity increases Americans is to improve it, not to weaken it. business is frequently the source of new for granted, to accept them with the cer History has cast us as builders and not de products and new methods. Small business tainty of Christmas coming every December. stroyers. offers imaginative entrepreneurs a range of Surely, the popular logic goes, since produc Management's obligation to its stockhold opportunity for individual initiative. And tivity never fails to go up every year, a com ers is, of course, clear and primary. Those small business is well able to offer the per pany can afford to lower its prices, or increase who own a business expect to earn a profit sonal service, special attention, and :flexible its wages, or both. on their investment. But profits and progress operation required to meet the increasingly But popular logic fails to remember that do not compete. Rather, each produces the varied demands of the consumer. the much-discussed annual gain in produc other. BIGNESS AND COMPETITION tivity is only an average. In some years, there Mismanaged industry can neither make a is a higher productivity gain throughout the profit nor build a nation. Profit provides the Moreover, bigness is often misunderstood economy; in other years productivity falls funds for growth and progress; growth that as prima facie evidence of monopoly power. short. Some industries achieve more, but in America has underwritten our unmatched But the proof of monopoly is not the size of others less. system of individual security, opportunity firms, nor the fewness of firms in an in and dignity. dustry. Rather, it is the absence of competi In any case, a fixed increase-whether 3.2% or 2.8% or whatever figure you want to So governments' concern with social prog tion that identifies monopoly. use-is only an average. Much like the size ress finds an ally, not an adversary, in busi In the automobile business, for example, of the average family, 3.7 persons, it is a ness. The job of business is to provide the competition is the central fact of life. Auto figure so exact that no parent has ever been consumer with goods and services at the low manufacturers compete in product innova able to achieve it. The three is easy. It is est economic cost. To do this, business in tions, price, and marketing techniques. The that seven-tenths of a person that is hard. novates, it grows, it creates more economic four major domestic companies offer 382 THE ELUSIVE OBJECTIVE opportunities. In short, it gives progress to models, and foreign companies offer scores the nation. more in the American market. An annual increase in productivity is not Government can and should promote a Yet even the smallest automobile manu automatic, but must be earned, and re better business climate-not for the sake of facturer is a big company. Automobiles, be earned, every year. Management each year the businessman, not for the sake of the cause of their sheer size and complexity need must take off from a higher base. Each year stockholder, nor the worker, nor even the large capital investments if they are to be we must work as hard as we can to be as consumer-but for the sake of the nation as produced in the volume essential to low cost. efficient as we can. Then we must be even a whole. Business wants a better understand Their design demands large research and de more efficient the next year. It is never easy ing with government, and will continue to velopment organizations. Their manufacture to improve on your best--and do it every work cooperatively to assure our continued calls for extensive facilities and large and year. progress as a nation. sk111ed labor forces. Their sale and servicing Productivity can be adversely affected by Americans must always be free to criticize. requires a nationwide network of showrooms, many factors: unnecessary work stoppages, Criticize, yes, that is our right. But serve service centers, and parts warehouses. resistance to improved technology, low also, that is our duty. Big companies also exist in many other quality workmanship, absenteeism and poor fields that are highly competitive. In Illlnois employe morale-just to mention a few. A PART FOR EACH, A PART FOR ALL alone are headquartered 57 of the 500 largest Moreover, increased productivity is predi The better America we must help build industrial corporations in America. You can cated, not on speed-up, but upon the expec summons from each of us a dedication, a. be proud of the important contributions they tation of a fair day's work from every em compassion, an effort, a.nd a sacrifice. Every have made to our nation's economic growth. ploye. The objective of technological im American must try to serve by involving Those who decry the bigness of privaite provement is to increase the output of the himself in the daily work of our society. We industry fail to consider the unwelcome labor force while still maintaining the prin must make sure that the legacy of our Amer alternatives. ciple of a fair day's work from every em ica ls not lost or diminished by our inac When government takes over an industry, ploye. tion, our indifference, our intolerance, or our respons1b111ty only .shifts to other hands, to The illusion that the annual increase in indolence. managers bound by political strings and slow productivity is automatic underlies many We must be willing to face the hard facts to respond to consumer needs. Or when a hasty and hostile reactions to wage and price of what we must do. America grew great be number of smaller companies are artificially decisions. cause its people were characterized. by energy sus·talned in business, prices tend to rise and We cannot have balanced economic growth and industry. We had a willingness to work value to the consumer drops. if infiation is allowed to continue at its cur- and a determination to earn. January 6, 1969 .EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 281 We live in a cihallenging age where much launch any lawful business, and if he is will The National Governors' Conference--a can be accomplished-and quickly. We must ing to work hard enough, succeed. conclave of mansion dwellers whose tenanc1es make the most of our opportunities for crea Free education through high school and are not threatened by bulldozer&-voted tive change. Material progress has given us often through college, free elections, unlim unanimously to oppose new Federal regula more leisure time, more time to think, to ited opportunity. What's wrong with all tions that would permit local residen,ts to concern ourselves with things outside our that? Who are these people who scorn it and make more effective appeals againsst pro own jobs, our own communities. want to change it-and to what? posed highway routes. Governor Godwin of Perhaps, to some extent, this has stimu Virginia complained that the new rules would lated the discontent that is so evident in place the "decision-making responsibility" our world today. More people want to par in "the Federal bureaucracy and ultimately ticipate, to involve themselves, to shape in the Federal courts." But the dust from events with their own hands. FIFTY GOVERNORS ARE WRONG that states' rights rhetoric won't cover up If we are to be creators of constructive the real issues. change, we need not only to be involved our While rail transport facilities have been selves, but must be aware of what others are HON. WILLIAM F. RYAN permitted to decay, Congress has voted bil doing. We must see for ourselves, come out OF NEW YORK lions each year for superhighways between of isolation .. the cities, with the result thwt the bulldozer The means of communication have never IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES has become the juggernaut of the modern been more available. Never have we had more Friday, January 3, 1969 age. Highways a.re necessary-yes; but the ways and opportunities to assure the con ruthlessness with whicih highways have cut tinued confidence of our customers, suppli Mr. RYAN. Mr. Speaker, on December through city and country without considera ers, employes, stockholders, the public, and 16, 1968, the Federal Highway Admin tion for the people who live there has become government. istration held hearings on the regula a national scandal. Areas of historic interest IN SERVICE TO FREEDOM tions which it has proposed for estab and scenic beauty have been destroyed by the indiscriininate carpeting of the countryside Tonight, we consider what we can do, lishing a two-hearing system on loca tion and design of federally financed with concrete. with government, to preserve free enterprise. The new Federal regulations are a slight We might keep in mind what Edward Gib highways. I strongly supported those step toward redressing the balance of power bon wrote of the people of ancient Athens: regulations at that hearing. As a matter in highway location. They will give ordinary "In the end, more than they wanted free of fact, I have introduced legislation people a little more voice against the ma dom, they wanted security. They wanted a in past Congresses as well as the 9 lst chine. As a means of protecting homes and comfortable life and they lost it all---£ecu Congress which would similarly require preventing the defilement of the countryside, rity, comfort and freedom. When the Athe they should be embraced, not opposed, by the nians finally wanted not to give to society, public hearings. The need for hearings on highway fifty governors, including the Governor of but for society to give to them, when the New York. freedom they wished for most was freedom projects has become increasingly clear from res.~nsibility, then Athens ceased to be during the past few years. Too often the TESTIMONY OF CONGRESSMAN WILLIAM F. RYAN free .... residents of a community in which a Let us, by our service to our society, as BEFORE THE FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRA highway is to be constructed have been TION HEARING ON PROPOSED REGULATIONS sure that no future historian shall ever write that of America. Rather, let him say excluded from the decisions affecting its REGARDING PuBLIC HEARINGS ON LOCATION that America remained free, free because its location and design with a resulting AND DESIGN OF FEDERALLY FINANCED HIGH people so valued their freedom that they adverse effect upon the economic, social, WAYS, DECEMBER 16, 1968 gave themselves fully to its service. and environmental interests of affected I am very glad to have this opportunity to residents. comment on the regulations proposed by the Federal Highway Administration to require The Governors of all 50 States of the public hearings on location and design of United States have recorded their oppo federally financed highways. The importance U.S.A. LAND OF OPPORTUNITY sition to the proposed regulations. Gov of this issue has long been recognized by nu ernor after Governor objected to "in merous public officials, including several of HON. LOUIS C. WYMAN terference by the Federal Government my colleagues in the House and myself. On December 12, eight Members of Congress OF NEW HAMPSHmE in 'State highway programs.' " All 50 Governors ignored the fact that the Fe~ joined me in urging that the new rules be IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES eral Government presently finances 90 adopted by the Federal Highway Administra Monday, January 6, 1969 tion as rapidly as possible. Those Members percent of the cost of "State highway of Congress included: Rep. Jonathan Bing Mr. WYMAN. Mr. Speaker, amidst all programs" in the United States. ham (D-NY), Rep. Frank Brasco (D-NY), the criticism of affairs domestic it is well I am especially concerned that the Rep. George Brown, Jr. (D-Calif), Rep. John to remember that the United States of Governor of New York State, Nelson Conyers, Jr. (D-Mich), Rep. Charles Diggs, America to the rest of the world is still Rockefeller, and his commissioner of Jr. (D-Mich), Rep. Lee Hamilton (D-Ind), the golden land of opportunity. While we transportation, John B. McMorran, not Rep. Patsy Mink (D-Hawaii), and Rep. Ogden only opposed the proposed regulations Reid (R-NY) . strive to preserve equal justice under law The thrust of our comments in that letter in better fashion than in some areas pre but urged that New York State Con pertained to the clearly demonstrated need vails in an atmosphere prejudiced by gressmen do so. The Governor's posi for requiring full public hearings prior to the bigotry, and although some among our tion represents a shocking capitulation time that final commitments are made by society seem to prefer anarchy to law to the highway lobby which has been State highway officials for construction of and order with justice, the overwhelm notable for its disregard of human and highway projects. In addition, we believe that ing majority of American citizens live in social values. the complete report called for in the new I again urge the Secretary of Trans rules detailing the econoinic, social and en freedom with opportunity to improve vironmental effects of a project on the adja themselves, their families and their soci portation and the Federal Highway Ad cent locality should be a prerequisite to any ety at every hand. ministration to issue the long overdue decision to commit public monies to con In this connection I commend the regulations, refusing to yield to the com struction of highways. Let me briefly sum reading of a recent advertisement by the bination of State highway officials, high marize why I think these regulations are Warner & Swasey Co. appearing in U.S. way builders, and the 50 Governors who necessary. News & Worlf;i Report, as follows: are wrong as the New York Times ex First, it ls necessary that public hearings pressed it in the following editorial on be mandatory if those individuals most af WHAT'S So WRONG ABOUT AMERICA THAT fected by the location and design of highway WE'RE So FRANTIC To CHANGE IT? December 23, 1968. projects-the residents of the surrounding We have by far the most of the highest I also enclose the text of my testi community-are to be guaranteed an oppor paid jobs in the world. mony before the Federal Highway Ad tunity to express their views on the propriety We take better care of our orphans, old ministration on December 16, 1968. of projects while plans are still subject to people, sick and poor-far better care-than The material follows: modification or cancellation. Far too often, almost any other nation on earth. [From the New York Times, Dec. 23, 1968) residents in an affected locality learn of im American housewives, factory and farm pending construction after contractual com workers, have more and better labor-saving FIFTY GOVERNORS ARE WRONG mitments for implementation have already devices than workers anywhere else-and as Fifty Inillion Frenchmen, as the old adage been made by State and City highway offi a result live longer and better, and stay goes, can't be wrong. But all fifty Governors cials. If the rule currently under considera younger and healthier. of these United States can be, especially tion is adopted, the mandatory hearings on United States and Canada are among the when their judgment is clouded by greedi both location and design provided !or in that few places left where anyone who wants can ness to latch onto Federal highway funds. regulation will insure local residents the op- 2!82 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 6, 1969 portunity to which they are entitled to make would necessarily uphold local sentiments the residents of my 22d Congressional their views known. when they confiict with planned highway District, Bronx, N.Y. I :find it is extremely The requirements outlined in Section 3.17 problems. What it does mean is that addi helpful to me in representing my district of the regulations constitute a second im tional consideration would be given to the portant feature of new rules. That Section issues involved when there appears to be sub to have the views and thinking of my would allow "interested persons" to appeal stantial disagreement on the necessity or constituents on important issues facing the decision of the division engineer re specific plans for location and design of the the Congress. sponsible for the location and design of a project. With permission, I wish to insert in highway to the Federal Highway Administra The second principal criticism of the new the RECORD the questionnaire, and my tion. This right to appeal is important for two rules is that they infringe upon State's rights letter which is a part of the question reasons. First, it would give citizens dissatis and the administrative responsibilities as naire, to be sent to my constituents in a fied with the decision of State or City high signed to State agencies by their respective few days: way officials a chance to make their case legislatures. It must be granted that some before an impartial agency that could more States already provide regulations analogous CONGRESSIONAL QUESTIONNAIRE FROM CON extensively balance the need for the project to those proposed. But the vast majority do GRESSMAN JACOB H. GILBERT against the resulting economic, social, and not. Moreover, the issues involved in this CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES, environmental consequences on the adjacent question are simply too important to allow HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, locality. The additional opportunity for dis each State to adopt regulations over a period Washington, D.C., January 1969. cussion and debate provided for in Section of time deemed appropriate by State officials. DEAR FRIEND: I want to thank you, as a 3.17 would be well worth any delay in con This ls why the promulgation of "guidelines constituent of the 22nd Congressional Dis struction necessitated by this second review and standards by the Federal Highway Ad trict, for the mandate you gave me in the process. ministration" would not be an adequate re recent election. It was very gratifying to me. Secondly, the requirements of Section 3.17 sponse to the problem. Citizens whose eco As your Representative in Congress, I have would enable the Federal Highway Admin nomic, social and environmental interests the responsibility of bringing your viewpoint istration to ascertain whether State or City are threatened by a planned highway project to Washington, whatever your political per officials had given full consideration to should not have to wait until State highway suasion. I am sending you this questionnaire social, economic, and environmental effects, officials decide that the "guidelines" o! the because I am. anxious to hear your views on and, significantly, whether these officials had Federal Highway Administration are appro the major questions before the country. utmzed information presented by "inter priate standards for their State. We must Please fill out this questionnaire, refold it ested persons and groups" as specified in have national standards that give concerned tightly with my address on the out.side, and the language of that Section. The require citizens an opportunity to fully express their mail it with a 6-cent stamp. ments of that Section would not mean that opinions. Remember that my staff and I always stand local and State decisions would be auto The "states rights" argument additionally ready to assist you in any problems you may matically over-ruled. On the contrary, the ignores the fact that approximately 90% of have with the Federal Government. As I be burden of proof in most cases would rest the total cost of highway construction is paid gin my ninth year in Congress-thanks to With those individuals dissatisfied with the for by the Federal Government. It ls hardly the confidence you have shown in me--I look decision of State highway experts. However, unreasonable that a program of that mag forward to hearing from you, not only in this in cases where decisions clearly contradicted nitude should have regulations pertaining to questionnaire but whenever you care to con the economic, social, and environmental in its implementation. State highway programs tact me. terests of significant numbers o! community have been more than willing to accept the Sincerely yours, residents, those citizens would be provided assistance provided by the Federal highway JACOB H. GILBERT, With institutionalized appeal procedures. program. It is time the States accepted the Member of Congress. Community reaction to even an unpopular reasona,ble rules which have been proposed as FOREIGN POLICY project would surely be improved if those well. It seems to me that the Federal Govern 1. What kind of settlement would you most dissatisfied with the decision to under ment has a clear responsibility to provide take it had at least enjoyed adequate op favor for ending the war in Vietnam.? those regulations when such enormous D (a) A coalition government in Saigon, portunity to express their views. amounts of money are at issue. To fail to do Section 3.13 outlines procedures which to include the National Liberation Front. so would constitute a dereliction in the Gov D (b) An agreement between our govern meet another of my concerns. That Section ernment's duty to ensure that the highway would require State highway departments to ment and Hanoi to withdraw all outside program is administered in a fair and equi troops, so the South Vietna.m.ese can fight it give consideration to the social, economic, table manner. and environmental consequences of a out among themselves. The citizens who live in a community that D (c) Withdrawal on our part, whether planned highway before requests were made stands to be affected by highway construction !or location and design approval. It further or not we reach agreement with the other have a legitimate right to have their opinions interested parties. specifies that "consideration ... shall in heard by those responsible for the project. clude analysis of information submitted to D {d) No negotiation until we have won For it ls they who will have to live with the mmtary victory. State highway departments in connection project's effects. I believe that the rules pro 2. What policy should the United States with public hearings or in response to the posed by the FHWA are a necessity if local notice of the location or design for which a adopt for assuring stabllity in the Middle residents are to have any say in the planning East? State highway department intends to re of their environment. As you may know, I quest approval." The incentive this require introduced a bill, H.R. 1250, to the 9oth D (a) A formal alliance with Israel, pos ment would give to State officials to give Congress that contained provisions similar sibly including its admission to NATO, that full consideration to all o! the effects of a to those under consideration today. The rules would assure our intervention in the event project-and not simply the improvements proposed by the FHWA should achieve the of an Arab attack. in traffic movement-would result in a more purposes I set forth in that legislation. D {b) A public declaration that we would rounded analysis o! the various interests in The need for greater participation in the intervene on Israel's side in the event that volved. An additional consequence would be planning of citizen-financed highways is the Soviet Union openly intervened for the a diminution in the number of projects that clear. The regulations proposed by the Fed Arabs. have to be abandoned, after expensive re eral Highway Administration are an impor D ( c) Press for a negotiated settlement search and planning, beoause of adverse tant step toward the implementation of that through the United Nations. community reaction. These, then are some participation. I urge the Federal Highway D {d) Join with the Soviet Union to guar of the advantages that would accrue if the Administration to adopt the new rules as antee formally the terms o:t a peace settle proposed regulations were adopted. What speedily as possible. ment. objections have been raised to their enact DOMESTIC POLICY ment? 3. What should the Federal Government Some State highways officials, including do about inflation? the Commissioner of Transportation from my D (a) Legally control prices and wages. own State of New York, have suggested that GILBERT QUESTIONNAIRE TO CON STITUENTS OF 22D DISTRICT, D (b) Maintain high interest rates and the procedures and appeal system proposed taxes, including the Surtax, in an effort to would shift the emphasis away from an area BRONX, N.Y. reduce consumption and slow business ex wide view that looks to the benefit of a wide pansion. community to a more provincial and narrow D (c) Tie Federal salaries, Social Security analysis of the interests involved. However, HON. JACOB H. GILBERT benefits, welfare payments, Medicare and it seems more likely that the Federal High OF NEW YORK way Administration, which has extensive ex other outlays to the cost-of-living index. perience in area-wide planning, would give IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES O (d) Nothing on the grounds that infla full consideration to the larger spectrum of Monday, January 6, 1969 tion is better than unemployment and busi interests which State highway officials be ness recession. lieve to be at stake. Again, the existence of Mr. GILBERT. Mr. Speaker, it is cus 4. What should the Federal Government Federal review procedures does not mean tomary for me at the beginning of each do about crime? that the Federal Highway Administration new Congress to send a questionnaire to D (a) Increase anti-poverty expenditures. January 6, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 283 D (b) Increase assistance to local police phrases of statesmanship, the President ward words: "The question is, which is to be forces, for higher salaries, improved training would do well to recall Lord Roseberry's the master-that's all." So it pronounced and better equipment. warning not to hover over the bones of dead Rhodesia a threat to the peace. If a theory D (c) Revoke the constitutional guaran policies. was needed it was that Rhodesia's independ tees recently affirmed by the Supreme Court Prime Minister Harold Wilson invented this ence under its existing electoral system would to assure representation by counsel, avoid policy in aid af Britain's retreat from empire so outrage the black dictatorships of Africa coercion in the extraction of confesslons and in southern Africa. The Federation with that they might attack her. This theory has end illegal wiretaps, searches and seizures. Northern Rhodesia and Nyasal,and, which the the authority of the wolf in Aesop's fable who D (d) Enact more stringent laws to re Britis-h had induced Southern Rhodesia to declared that his prospective dinner, the duce the careless traffi.cing in firearms. join in 1953, having proved a failure, the lamb drinking downstream from him, was NATIONAL PRIORITIES British Parliament dissolved it. Northern polluting his water. Rhodesia was set up as the independent state 5. What is the order of importance that of Zambia and Nyasaland as Malawi. Rho MATTER OF SANCTIONS you a.scribe to the following budgetary items? desia, which had long been self-governing Mandatory sanctions proved no more ef Please number one to ten. and a participant at Commonwealth Confer fective than voluntary ones in bringing --- (a) Aid to public schools and high ences on a parity with self-governing domin Rhodesia to heel; nor has a later attempt to er education. ions, expected to have its independence rec add to them. White Rhodesians have been --- (b) Anti-poverty programs, includ ognized, as had been done with other self brought together rather than divided by ing job training. governing units. This seemed a purely formal external pressure and have proved most in --- (c) The Vietnam war. step, since the country had never been gov genious in using great resources and indus --- (d) Mass transit, including inter- erned, subsidized, taxed, or protected by trial capacity to meet the needs of their be city rail transit. Whitehall and had its own consular service set economy. The blacks within Rhodesia --- ( e) Spaice exploration. abroad. have proved preponderantly cooperative ra --- (f) The elimination of slums and The British Government, however, balked, .ther than recalcitrant toward the regime. low-income housing. seeking to get from Rhodesia a guarantee of The countries around Rhodesia, black and --- (g) National defense (apart from universal suffrage within the country. Rhode white, furnish copious leaks through the Vietnam). sian suffrage was, and is now, as ours had blockade; practical operators like the French --- (h) Health care and health re been throughout our early history, based on are not ·deterred from a profitable bargain search. literacy and property qualifications, arising by so bogus an international obligation as --- (i) Increased Social Security bene out of local conditions. There are no racial U.N. sanctions. They a.re a failure; and yet fits. qualifications or discriminations for voting they are harmful, more than a nuisance. No --·- (j) Highway construction. or civil rights. The population of Rhodesia, one knows this better than Mr. Wilson, who SPECIAL ISSUE consisting of two hundred thousand whites now wants desperately to get out of the mess 6. Would you approve of a Constitutional and four million blacks, is nearly all made up he has created. amendment which would substitute Popular of immigrants or their immediate descend The sanctions, like many ill-considered Election of the Presidency for the present ants. Many of the blacks are still in a state policies, are hurting unintended victims and Electoral College? D Yes. D No. of primitive neolithic culture. The condition bringing about unintended results. The chief of domestic tranquility prevailing in Rhode economic victims now appear to be black sia may be judged by the fact that the mu people-within Rhodesia through underem nlcipal police, as in Britain, perform their ployment and a slowdown in growth; in Zam duties unarmed and the mandatory death bia (formerly Northern Rhodesia), which ABANDON RHODESIAN INTER penalty for armed insurrection has been since independence, as during the Federation, VENTION-ACHESON abolished. is economically dependent upon the Rhode UNILATERAL ACTION sian market, by decrease in its market for The Rhodesian Government, unable to labor and materials. Zambia is already asking HON. JOHN R. RARICK agree with the Labour Government in Lon Britain for large subsidies to compensate for OF LOUISIANA don on a form for severing their politieal the harm done to her-a development which IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES connection, accomplished it by unilateral partly explains Mr. Wilson's change of heart and mind about sanctions. Monday, January 6, 1969 declaration in 1965. At this point Mr. Wilson, finding that he had leverage for pressure on Perhaps the greatest damage is the politi Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, Mr. Dean Rhodesia and no support at home for armed cal and psychological estrangement and dis Acheson, former Secretary of State and intervention, sought foreign help in coercing traction from constructive purposes caused the country. For some time the Afro-Asian by this UN-created . isolation of southern an authority in :nternational affairs has Africa, both black and white. The Rhode recently delivered soul-searching advice Communist delegations at the United Nations had been nosing into Rhodesian affairs, as sians, already remote from western civiliza to our leadership on correcting our trans they had into South African, Portuguese-An tion, feel at bay, conspired against by de gressive intervention in Rhodesian af golan, and French African. British Conserva clared enemies, the target of foreign trained fairs. tive governments had repulsed their interest and equipped terrorists, pushed toward a I ask unanimous consent to here insert in Rhodesia as an intrusion into internal af racial attitude they do not share and do not in the RECORD the full text of Mr. Ache fairs, forbidden by the Charter. Now, however, want. This view is thoroughly shared by Dr. son's statement from the Washington Mr. Wilson reversed course and sought from Hastings Banda, the president of Malawi, who the United Nations voluntary economic sanc has seen that his country's future welfare lies Sunday Star for December 22, 1968, fol in closer cooperation with his highly de lowed by Prime Minister Ian Smith's tions-the United Nations term for economic warfare-against Rhodesia to end its inde veloped white neighbors to the south and speech from the Rhodesian Viewpoint of pendence. The United States followed along speaks as hostilely of U .N. sanctions as does December 5, 1968, and the Rhodesian in this Children's Crusade to universa!ize Mr. Smith. Commentary for November 1968. one-man-one-vote. AFRICA STALEMATE The material follows: Voluntary sanctions proving ineffective, Mr. Wilson is rightly-though only lately [From the Washington (D.C.) Sunday Star, Mr. Wilson pressed to have them made man aware of the ugly consequences of a stale Dec. 22, 1968] datory. Here, however, a problem arose. Un mate in southern Africa. At home Conserva der the Charter of the United Nations man tives, Liberals, and moderate Labour are sick DROP "REFORMIST INTERVENTION" IN of the situation and want to get out of it. RHODESIA, ACHESON ADVISES datory sanctions could be invoked only when the Security Council should find that the of The extreme left joins the Afro-Asian and (By Dean Acheson) fending state had committed or threatened Communist blocs in calling for majority rule (NoTE.-Mr. Acheson, former Secretary of to commit a breach of international peace before independence in Rhodesia and some State, has written many books on interna and security. Rhodesia, of course, had done of them, for force-by someone else-to tional affairs. Also, he is a frequent contrib neither. In fact, it had done nothing except achieve it. South Africa has announced a utor to magazines.) to announce that political ties between it policy of support for its neighbors against The Johnson Administration, like a tidy and Britain had been ended. Britain could terrorism or attack by or through adjoining and conscientious housewife, will want to have decided to make war upon this rebel, states. The United Nations policy is thus, clean out rubbish, failures, and broken-down as it had on the American Colonies when ironically, the chief threat to the peace and contraptions raither than leave them to em they took similar action; but the British peo security of southern and central Africa. barrass the new tenant. There is no better ple would not do so and the British govern Mr. Wilson not only wants to get out o:t place to start than with the Rhodesian pol ment declined the opportunity. International the trouble he has made but also has gone icy, bought by the present occupant in an peace and security remained unruffled. a good way to do so. The trouble is that he absentminded moment from a smart sales Not, however, to the United Nations Se has not gone far enough. The scheme which, man. It never did work; the salesman is try curity Council. In its view Rhodesia con in various versions, he offers involves the ing desperately to escape from all connections stituted a threat to the peace if the Security fatal fl.aw of contradiction. Let us see how with it; and to leave the old non-starter to Council said that it did. The Council in at this is so. clutter up the garage would be a scurvy trick. taching its own meaning to the words of the In Mr. Wilson's last talks with Mr. Smith Putting this advice in the more sonorous Charter takes Humpty-Dumpty's position to- on HMS Fearless a few weeks ago, the British 284 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Jan:uary 6, 1969 Prime Minister was apparently ready to ac numerous variations on the same theme: to would Jle of immense importance to the free knowledge Rhodesian independence if Mr. wit, some device whereby the British Gov world. The mere existence of stability in so Smith's Government would take two steps ernment would be enabled to withhold vast and important an area of an otherwise designed to save some face for Mr. Wilson and independence even while appearing to ac turbulent continent is an asset of the greatest appease the more reasonable of the black quiesce in it. Mr. Smith, sensibly and under value. As the principal responsible power in Commonwealth states. These steps were standably, has persistently rejected the the free world, it is our duty and responsibil meant to safeguard the "entrenched clauses" contradiction. Thus, not surprisingly, the ity to encourage good will, cooperation, and of the Rhodesian constitution that permit issue is stalled, while the Rhodesians go on stability in southern Africa. It is the height persons of certain cultural and economic exercising in practice the independence that of folly to sacrifice these desirable ends to an qualifications to vote and all persons to have the British Government seems so loath to aggressive reformist intervention in the in other civil rights without racial discrimina admit candidly. This stalement opens up a ternal affairs of these states, an intervention tion. The first of these safeguards ls called the prospect for more fumbling along a demon designed to force upon them electoral prac "blocking quarter." It would require in the strably futile course-months upon months tices that none of black African or Commu constitution that a quarter plus one of each of sanctions that miss their purpose and nist states and few of the Asian accept. legislative chamber should be composed of serve only mischief. If the President would commune with the black members elected by black voters and What can the United States do to help spirits of his predecessors, Messrs. Washing that no alteration of the entrenched clauses in the situation? First of all, our govern ton, or John Quincy Adams, or that wise ad could be made over the adverse vote of one ment might take heed-and call on the viser of presidents, Ben Franklin, he could quarter of the votes of both houses voting British likewise to take heed- of Shake in the next 60 days do as great a service to together. speare's advice that his successor, bis country, and the free world The blocking quarter would thus keep "To persist in Salisbury and London as he is striving to open the increasing political power of black "In doing wrong extenuates not wrong, do in Paris. citizens as they attained cultural and eco "But makes it much more heavy." nomic qualification. It is fallacious and fanatic to believe that [From the Rhodesian Viewpoint, Dec. 5, 1968] The second requirement put forward was any good can be achieved by turning the to include in the constitution a right of ap screw of sanctions. ANYTHING OTHER THAN GENUINE peal to the Judicial Committee of the Privy In a similar spirit, we can take note of the INDEPENDENCE UNACCEPTABLE Council in London in a number of ways, good sense in Ian Smith's position-re (Prime Minister Ian Smith Broadcasting to against any change in the entrenched clauses, avowed on November 19-which subscribes Rhodesians, November 19, 1968) even though approved by all racial groups, to the blocking quarter but rejects, as an "We Rhodesians believe that there is both "on the ground that it discriminates unjust "impossible and indeed ridiculous obstacle," a place and a future for all Rhodesians ly, or has the effect of discriminating un the notion of putting his country in leading both black and white. Any other suggestion justly, between the races; or on the ground strings to Britain by making the Judicial is unacceptable to us, as is anything other that it derogates from the principles of the Committee of the Privy Council the consti than genuine independence." In a broad Declaration of Rights contained in the Con tutional censor. cast to the Rhodesian people on November 19, stitution." The Judicial Committee of the ROOM FOR SETTLEMENT Prime Minister Ian Smith reported on his Privy Council is an agency of the British Within this position there is surely room meetings in Salisbury with British Minister government composed of the members of without portfolio, George Thomson. Britain's highest court, the Judicial Commit for a fair settlement: for Mr. Wilson, op tee of the House of Lords plus the Lord Presi portunity to escape from a quandary of his DEROGATION OF SOVEREIGNTY dent of the Council and a few others. At one own making without leaving too many of · Referring to the British Government's re time appeals lay to it from colonial and his tail feathers in the door jamb; for Mr. quirement that, in addition to braking mech dominion courts. The provision for appeals Smith, an end of the enervating struggle anisms which would be enshrined in any has now been abolished by the independent over independence at the price of a fair guar agreed independence constitution, the Judi members of the Commonwealth as inconsist antee in the constitution for the continuance cial Committee of the Privy Council should ent with an independent status. of the rights it provides. provide a second and external guarantee The British requirement for an appeal to We can help Mr. Wilson where he needs against retrogressive amendments to the its judicial agency for dependent areas is the it most--with his extremists at home and Constitution, the Prime Minister said: chief block to settlement between Rhodesia with the United Nations-by supporting a "The British Government wish to assume and the United Kingdom. It would give the settlement in which Mr. Smith grants the additional powers which are a derogation Brltish Privy Council the same power over blocking quarter and Mr. Wilson drops the from the sovereignty of our Rhodesian Parlia Rhodesian legislation claimed to violate the demand for an appeal to a foreign court. Our ment. For example, if a certain entrenched entrenched clauses as our Supreme Court has method could be to let Mr. Wilson know of clause amendment which requires a three over state legislation claimed to violate the the desire of the present administration to quarters majority of Parliament voting in its Fourteenth Amendment. end its domestic enforcement of restrictions favour, complied with this necessary require Rhodesia's objections to this double-lock on trade with Rhodesia, preferably in con ment; indeed, even if such an amendment ing device have been stated clearly and junction with similar action by the United received the approval of every single member at least in my judgment--persuasively by Kingdom, rather than to leave the mess to of Parliament, in other words, 100 per cent Ian Smith. He stresses that the principle of be cleaned up by the incoming administra support, this Privy Council would still be in the blocking quarter is acceptable. What is tion. Though such action might be unpop a position to turn this down and proclaim not acceptable is the provision for appeal to ular with a majority in the United Nations that in their opinion the Rhodesian Parlia the Judicial Committee of the Privy council. and a minority in the United States, they ment had not made the correct political de In his words, "the British Government wish could not harm an outgoing government. cision." to assume additional powers which are a This action would also have the incidental OBJECTIONABLE FEATURE derogation from the sovereignty of our Rho advantage of being right. In both the broad "It must be quite clear in everybody's desian Parliament." He embellishes the and the narrow sense of the word the United mind," said the Prime Minister, "that what point: "For example, if a certain entrenched States will bear the responsibility for a con they are trying to do is to accede to our in clause amendment, which requires a three tinuance of this mistaken quarrel with Rho dependence with one hand, while at the same quarter majority ... in its favor, complied desia-and secondarily with South Africa time trying to take it away with the other. with this necessary requirement, indeed even and Portugal-by continuing encourage They are trying to insert into our Consti if such an amendment received the approval ment of measures taken in the United Na tution something quite unique, which has of every single member . . ., in other tions. Although sanctions against Rhodesia never been incorporated in any other known words 100 percent support, the Privy have failed, they would have amounted to independence constitution in this world." Council would still be in a position to turn nothing had we not cut off our trade with this down and proclaim that in their opin that country. For us and, hopefully, the Brit ALTERNATIVES ion the Rhodesian Parllament had not made ish to resume it would, as a practical mat "Subsequently, it was made abundantly the correct political decision . . . and there ter, end the policy. clear that the British Government were giv fore had no right to pass the amendment." In a broader sense, however, we will bear ing this question serious consideration when Mr. Smith concludes: "In other words, the responsibility for the growing political isola Mr. Wilson spoke in the House of Commons British Government are insisting that the tion of southern Africa which these emo on October 24th, and stated that 'We were Privy Council shall be the highest parlia tional and ill-considered measures are bring and are willing to consider other alterna ment in Rhodesia as far as amendments to ing about. We are the only power of general, tives'. Moreover, it is true that the British entrenched clauses are concerned, and that as distinguished from parochial, responsi team in Salisbury last week did produce an they shall take on the role of deciding what bility in the free world. At a time when Arab alternative, on the Friday prior to their de laws are in the interest of Rhodesia." Thus nationalism has brought on the closing of parture, after keeping us waiting in sus the British terms for acknowledging Rho the Suez Canal perhaps permanently-and pense for more than a week. desian independence would include a denial the Soviet navy has penetrated the eastern "In the first place, it did not meet our of that independence-a basic contradiction. Mediterranean and the Indian Ocean, the fundamental objection that it would not Following the Fearless talks, Mr. Wilson good will of southern Africa, the use of its derogate from the sovereignty of Parliament, sent an able minister, Mr. George Thomson, ports, the cooperation of its governments in spite of the fact that I had been assured to negotiate further at Salisbury in wha~ including their participation with immense by Mr. Thomson that it would not do so. was touted to be an effort to try for agree resources and advanced technology in aiding Secondly, and into the bargain, it contained ment with Rhodesia, Mr. Thomson tried out the development of adjoining black states- conditions which made it even more unac- January 6, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS ceptable than their first prop6sal, incredible my tax reform measure which is designed of Georgetown, Tex., a pioneer worker though this may seem." to provide tax relief for middle-income in county agricultural services died on DIFFERENCES WILL BE RECONCILED taxpayers by plugging tax loopholes. November 16, following a long illness. "Personally, I have never believed any Mr. Speaker, on December 29, 1968, the Mr. Brown worked hard for the causes safeguard to be necessary, and the British Boston Herald-Traveler editorially en he believed in-agricultural, civic devel knew this. However, in spite of the fact that dorsed the view which I have been opment, and good government. He and I have met them on this point, they now espousing for the past 3 years. Mrs. Brown raised one of the most ex wish to bring in the second safeguard which, The editorial is worthy of the atten to add insult to injury, unlike the first, citing and delightful families in all of derogates from the sovereignty of the Rho tion of all Members of this House and for Texas--four daughters and one son, all desian Parliament. This is anathema to us this reason I include it following my re of whom have distinguished themselves and so it ls ridiculous to expect us to assist marks, in the RECORD. in many ways. them-we oppose the whole concept most The editorial follows: He served Williamson County, Tex., emphatically. TAXES: REFORM for more than 28 years as an agricultural "Time and time again I have impressed The House Ways and Means Committee of agent, helping and assisting the farmers on the British that because of the fact that in that area cheerfully and effectively. we Rhodesians have to go on living with the the 91st Congress ought to schedule, as soon as practicable, hearings on the revision of the When he retired in 1946, he was not decisions we make, this is the finest guar Internal Revenue Code, a 1,000-page collec content with inactivity and held the post antee or safeguard that anyone in this world tion of complexities and inequities that has could wish for. of county surveyor until ill health forced "The position is still exactly as I outlined accrued from years of amendments, rulings, him to retire a second time during the it after my return from Gibraltar; that there regulations and court cases. Congress must take the initiative on tax mid-1950's. is one major stumbling block and if the Brit reform because the public is simply too He was an ardent Democrat and ish will meet us on this point, I am con worked hard for the election of President vinced that the other remaining differences baffled by existing regulations to figure out what should be done to correct them. The Lyndon B. Johnson as a Representative, will be reconciled." average taxpayer might be satisfied if the Senator, Vice President, and President. Internal Revenue Service could simplify his Mr. Dor Brown pulled more than his [From the Rhodesian Commentary, Nov. 25, income tax return, but every now and then 1968] share of responsibility during his long he reads about some of the flagrant loopholes and active life, and he shall be missed FLAG OF INDEPENDENCE Is RAISED in the Internal Revenue Code and he feels greatly. The introduction of the new Rhodesian somehow cheated by his own government. Flag was one method of showing beyond all The middle-income and low-income tax Under leave to extend my remarks, I doubt that Rhodesia was a free and inde payer bear the brunt of the tax burden. The include the following news article on Mr. pendent country. His Excellency the Officer higher an individual's income is, the less Brown. It was published in the William Administering the Government, Mr. Clifford likely is he to pay the established rate of son County Sun shortly after his death: Dupont, said at the flag-raising ceremony in taxation, espeqially if he can afford the Funeral services for Dor W. Brown, Sr. Salisbury on the third anniversary of Inde services of an accountant and tax lawyer. were held Monday morning in the First Meth pendence on November 11. As the American Bar Association has noted: odist Church with Dr. Durwood Fleming of Rhodesia's Declaration of Independence "The table of income tax rates in the Inter ficiating, assisted by Mr. Brown's pastor, Rev. three years ago was a logical step in view of nal Revenue Code is a mask for a host of Wallace Chappell. Burial was in the capital her conduct of her affairs since she obtained special provisions with which the tax adviser Memorial Gardens under the direction of self-government in 1923. can shield substantial income from the ex Davis Funeral Home. ;,It was bitterly opposed by those abroad cessive rates." He died Saturday at noon in a Kerrville who undoubtedly wished to impose their It is not the intricate provisions but the Hospital following a long illness. He would own political ideas and theories upon egregious exemptions that command the have been 87 years old on Monday. Rhodesia without regard to the consequences most most publicity, however. The most Dor W. Brown, Sr. of Georgetown, long for the people of Rhodesia as· a whole", he notorious is the 271h per cent depletion time county a.gricultural agent, was born at said. allowance for oil-although more than 100 Cherokee, San Saba County, Nov. 18, 1881. REAFFIRMATION minerals are given less generous depletion His father, the late Joe Fraser Brown, was a allowances. Another is the failure to tax the surveyor-journalist and represented San "Today, ·when we fly our new fiag for the appreciation of property passed on to heirs; first time, we reaffirm our determination to Saba County in the Texas Legislature during still another is the creation of many tax the s·essions of 1874, 1893 and 1895. maintain our sovereign independence and to exempt charitable foundations that are be responsible for our own affairs: Mr. Brown graduated from old West Texas actually tax shelters. Normal and Business College at Cherokee "These affairs are the practical concern The exemption that provides the most of ·everyone who lives in Rhodesia. We have with a B.A. degree in 1902. dramatic example of how some persons can He married Alice Mayes, school teacher to liv.e with them and we alone either reap go scot-free of taxes is the exemption of state the benefit or suffer the consequences of our and native of Valley Springs, Llano County, and municipal bonds from federal taxation. Oct. 18, 1909. Their children honored them actions." There are reasons to entice investment in Mr. Dupont said the flag embodied, in the with a Golden Wedding anniversary recep coat-of-anns on its centre panel, three em low-yield public bond issues, but some of tion at George.town in 1959. the results are preposterous. The Browns have five children, ten grand blems significant in Rhodesian history. The National Observer reports the case of . The Zimbabwe bird, a relic of a previous children and five great grandchildren. Their occupation, was unique and essentially one extremely wealthy widow who invested children are: Mrs. S. E. (Dorothy) Wilcox of her inheritance in municipal and state Rockport, Mrs. John W. (Frances) Burcham Rhodesian, while the lion and thistles were bonds. Her annual interest is more than from Rhode's armorial bearings and the and Mrs. Harvey 0. (Mary) Payne, both of golden pick-axe on a green ground repre $1,500,000 a year, but since the bonds are tax Austin; Mrs. I. J. (Jane) McCook, Jr. of sented the country's pioneering prospectors exempt, she does not even have to file a tax Georgetown, and Dr. Dor W. Brown, Jr., return. Her gardener, who makes $5000 a and farmers. physician of Fredericksburg. Throughout history, men had realized that year, pays $350 in federal taxes. A sister, Mrs. Frances Cearnal, lives at they could best express their feelings, their By this and other special provisions, 18 Georgetown. Two brothers are J. J. Brown love, their loyalty and their patriotism for Americans who made $1 million or more in of Austin, re·tired State Director of Voca their country by showing respect to an em 1966 did not pay a dime in federal income tional Rehabilitation, and Paul Brown, blem such as a national flag. taxes. Their cases provide the argument for rancher of Spicewood. "May our new flag not only inspire such a minimum tax, a percentage of income taxes Mr. Brown is a lifelong member of the feelings but also become a symbol of the above a certain amount so the very rich Methodist Church and has been a member unity of Rhodesians of all races", he con would not, through tax-exempt bonds, de of the Ma.Sonic Lodge nearly 60 years ( 1909). cluded. proeciation schemes and special deductions, He was a member of Georgetown Chap escape a just assessment for the cost of ter No. 90, Royal Arch Masons, Georgetown government. Council No. 54, Royal and Select Masters TAXES: REFORM ~------and san Gabriel Lodge No. 89, A.F. & A.M. IN MEMORY OF DOR W. BROWN, SR. He received a 50-Yea.r Service Award from the Masonic Grand Lodge of Texas in 1962 HON. DOMINICK Vr DANIELS for his long tiine service in the Order. OF NEW JERSEY HON. J. J. PICKLE As a young me.n, Mr. Brown taught school at Chap.el and Looker in San Saba County, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF TEXAS He later was elected county school superin Monday, January .6, 1969 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tendent of San Saba County. He entered Monday, January 6, 1969 oounty agricultural agent work in 1918. His Mr. DANIELS of New Jersey. Mr. first assignment was collll!ty agent for Ma.son . Speaker, on the opening' day· ~f the 918~ . Mr. PICKLE. Mr. Speaker, during the County. In 1921, he became the first county Cong·ress, January 4, 1969, I relntroduced adfourrimerit period, Dor W. Brown, Sr., agent assigned by the Texas A & M Agricul- 286 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS January 6, 1969 tural Extension Service to Tom Green Coun tary system we created at Bretton Woods al guided by none of your rules of good con ty. He remained at San Angelo until 1929 most a quarter century ago is coming apart duct. when he left to manage farm properties for a at the hinges. PROPOSALS ADVANCED San Antonio mortgage banking firm. The crisis of the French franc is the third Thus the importance of updating the He returned to the Extension Service in dreadful emergency in only twelve months. Bretton Woods agreement. 1932 as county agent for Williamson County We will take risks with world prosperity if One proposal will permit currency rates at Georgetown, a post he retained until his we continue to duck the evidence that the to fluctuate within wider limits than now retirement in 1946. monetary system is no longer stabilizing cur allowed by the International Monetary Not content with the inactivity of retire rencies and fueling the orderly expansion Fund-say by 5 per cent up or down. This ment, Mr. Brown decided he would like to of trade. would, in effect, permit automatic devalua return to a profession he learned from his The U.S. dollar could come under renewed tions or upward revaluation whenever a father as a boy. On the night before the attack by currency speculators at any time. country's accounts got out of whack. Democratic primary in 1947, he told a George Right now the dollar is comparatively safe Another would involve the realignment of town political rally that since there were because we have just reported the first black all currency values, including that of the no candldates for county surveyor he would ink in our balance of payments since early U.S. dollar-along with an increase in the seek the omce. He asked his friends to write 1965. The improvement, though, is not solid. price of gold above the $35 price fixed back in hls name. They responded generously the It reflects a huge inflow of foreign money to in 1934. next day. He received more than 800 write-in buy U.S. stocks; tough restrictions on the The key point is that we are being warned votes and thus, was elected surveyor. He held outflow of U.S. dollars for investment that we cannot go on this way patching up the position until 111 health forced his re abroad; some obvious gimmicks. monetary crisis after monetary crisis with tirement in the mid-1950's. Actually, our trade surplus is dwindling the old glue of 1944. The glue ls coming Mr. Brown left many landmarks as a dangerously. unstuck. county agent. In Tom Green County he in NEW CONFAB NEEDED troduced and developed: Jersey Bull cir cles, turkey cooperative pooling for market A great new international monetary con ing purposes, one variety cotton, contour ference of the leading free world nations is RURAL-URBAN BALANCE farming and crop diversification becoming increasingly urgent. We will be An oldtimer recalled that one year while lucky if the French franc and other cur Mr. Brown was county agent at San Angelo rencies can be held until President-elect HON. JOHN V. TUNNEY 29 cars of live and dressed turkeys were sent Nixon can assume omce. OF CALIFORNIA, President Johnson and Treasury Secre out as a result of cooperative pooling. The IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES market had started with a dealer offer of 15 tary Fowler enthusiastically welcomed de cents. Upon advice of the county agent, pro Gaulle's decision not to devalue the franc Monday, January 6, 1969 ducers came into the pool in an effort to because this helps buy additional time for the monetary system and the U.S. dollar. Mr. TUNNEY. Mr. Speaker, the Na get better offers. The result: a booming mar tional Advisory Commission on Rural ket which finally reached 45 cents for dressed But the French franc crisis is not an iso turkeys. lated misfortune. Poverty has stated: In Williamson County Mr. . Brown's work It was precisely one year b.go this month It is a shocking fact that in the United was highlighted with development of out that the British at last lost their fight to States today, in what is the richest nation standing cotton and livestock programs. He maintain the pound's value in the face of in history, close to 14 million rural Ameri was a strong advocate of one variety cotton massive dumping of pounds. cans a.re poor, and a high proportion of them and was accorded national recognition for For years Britain has been spending far are destitute. more abroad than she has been earning his work in that field. When our country was founded, 90 In the 1930's, he loined other Texas agri abroad. As a result there has been a relentless cultural leaders on an historic trip to the drain on her reserves of gold and dollars. percent of the people lived in rural areas. nation's capital. Mission of the delegation Last November Britain was compelled to cut Today 70 percent of all Americans live was to thank the Congress and President the value of the pound from $2.80 to $2.40. on less than 2 percent of the land. Over Franklin D. Roosevelt for instituting federal Despite this move to help increase exports 600,000 people a year are leaving rural livestock and crop control programs which and cut imports, the pound remains suspect. The crisis of the franc could all too easily areas for overcrowded urban metropoli helped lift the nation's farm and ranch econ tan areas. In the next 25 years, 100 mil omy from the devastating level of the de move to the pound once more. In March of 1968 the crisis hit the U.S. lion more people will be added to the pression years. 140 million in our cities and suburbs. Mr. Brown for many years was judge of dollar. Again the fundamental cause was the the Sears Foundation's annual swine show fact that we too have for years been spend Most of the rural exodus is generated at Austin. ing far more abroad than we have been by the deterioration of opportunities in earning abroad. As a result, our creditors rural America-and the resulting hope have been draining away our gold reserves. for better opportunities in the cities. The run on our gold reached a climax However, hopes and dreams are being TIME FOR MONETARY REFORM in March; we countered by a decision to continue selling our gold at $35 an ounce submerged beneath a concrete morass. only to qualify central banks and to let the Instead of a better life what is encoun HON. WILLIAM S. MOORHEAD gold speculators trade in the metal on their tered is a different type of poverty in OF PENNSYLVANIA own in a free market. overcrowded depersonalized cities with IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES This plugged an intolerable leak, but housing, pollution, high crime rates, con Monday, January 6, 1969 doubts persist and are growing about how gested highways, rundown schools, with long we wm maintain the price of gold at resulting discontent and frustration. Mr. MOORHEAD. Mr. Speaker, our re $35 an ounce. People arriving in urban areas search cent fiscal dilemmas--first with the FRENCH PACKAGE WEAK ing for a better life usually find their pound and then with the franc-have Then a few weeks ago it became the franc's hopes shattered, their frustrations and pointed up the fact that our once relia turn. discontent heightened. We have seen the ble Bretton Woods agreement is no long In just a few months frightened French fruits of this discontent last summer and er trustworthy. men transferred $2.5 billion of francs into this spring. Writing in the Pittsburgh Post-Ga other currencies-notably the West German The answer commonly given is to im zette during our congressional recess, mark, which has been strong because West Germany is running a fat surplus in her prove our urban areas. There is no doubt financial writer Sylvia Porter sums up balance of payments. that they must be renovated. the arguments for updating Bretton The package of "solutions" this time in Author J.P. Lyford, in his book on the Woods rather well, I think, and I submit cludes: a $2 billion credit by the leading New York slums, "The Airtight Cage," her proposals, to be considered at a new financial powers to France; a tax on German articulates this new awareness by asking: international monetary conference, for imports and exports designed to cut Ger Why for instance, must huge concentra the attention of my colleagues at this many's trade surplus; no devaluation of the tions of unemployed and untrained human point in the RECORD: franc but a long list of austerity moves to beings continue to pile up in financially un combat France's inflation and bring back FRANC CRISIS' MEANING stable cities that no longer have the jobs, confidence in the franc. the housing, the educational opportunities, (By Sylvia Porter) So now what? No matter what happens in or any of the other prerequisites for a healthy The fate of General de Gaulle's monu the world's markets, whichever ones are and productive life? Why do we treat the mental gamble to save the 20-cent French open this week, the makings Of a crisis re consequences and ignore the causes of mas franc with currency controls and economic main. Currency controls are not an advance; sive and purposeless migration to the city? curbs is dwarfed by four vital points. they are a.n admission of defeat, a retreat. Why are we not developing new uses for The latest international currency crisis The speculators wlll not fold up and slink those rural areas that are rapidly becoming ls on unmistakable warning that the mone- home. They smell a killing and they will be depopulated? Why do we still instinctively January 7, 1969 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 2S7 deal with urban and rural America as if they rural-urban balance. It is time to lit establishments in rural areas. The Sec were separate, conflicting interests when in erally give our urban areas breathing retary of Agriculture will designate eco fact neither interest can be served inde room. In order to accomplish this, there nomically deficient rural areas. Business pendently of the other?, · must be a concerted effort to develop our desiring to locate in these areas will be It is time for us to question whether rural communities-in our rural areas. able to receive increased tax credit for urban areas can ever catch up when Rural America must no longer be for plant investment, accelerated deprecia thousands of people every year are ar gotten land-a land to be from; a land tion schedules, and additional wage de riving, adding to already critical prob of declining economies, a low level of ductions for low-i11come workers and lems. In view of this, plus the increasing limited job opportunities, and dwindling training assistance for new employees. birth rate in the cities, it appears un... local tax bases. • To qualify the firm must show that it will likely that public and private efforts can First, we must improve agricultural create new jobs and be able to employ ever be sufficient to adequately deal with and nonagricultural job opportunities. low-income labor from the area. If a firm urban problems. There must be increased public and pri meets this criteria it will receive the fol Secretary of Agriculture Orville Free vate investment. People must be given lowing tax incentives: man said: encouragement and incentive to remain A 14-percent investment credit on Many ghetto dwellers came from rural in rural areas. Industry must be encour machinery instead of the regular 7-per areas, or their parents came from rural areas. aged to locate in rural areas. cent credit. Back on the farm they also were poor, and I am reintroducing legislation designed A 7-percent investment credit on the they also were without power, but they did to develop business and employment op cost of the building, an accelerated de experience a sense of community and a soli portunities in rural areas, smaller cities preciation of two-thirds for the normal darity of family that in too many cases the life of the machinery, equipment, and faceless city has shattered. and areas of unemployment and under development. The first provides certain building. The Secretary went on to say: preferences for prospective Government A 125-percent deduction for wages paid The crisis of our cities, perhaps the most contractors in such cities and areas. to low-income employees for a 3-year serious ever to face us as a people, has its This legislation proposes that in the period. roots in our failure to plan for change, our awarding of a government contract, These bills would discourage further failure to develop public and private institu concentration of population in large tions and directions that would shape and credit be given for the size of the city as control the unprecedented technological and well as the degree of emigration. crowded metropolitan areas and the in productive forces that have been unleashed First. If the bid received is from a city tensification of presently existing urban in the U.S. since the end of World War II. of 250,000 or less, a 1-percent credit is problems. In this period, our population has grown by given. I feel that the passage of these bills 55 million-37%. Second. If the city is under 100,000 a would help to encourage a national policy Our gross national product went from $280 2-percent credit is given. of urban-rural balance. billion to more than $800 billion. · Rural emigration to urban areas has Nearly 3 million farms disappeared in the Third. If the city is under 50,000 popu created a crisis for each. The only perma technological revolution that swept-and is lation a 3-percent credit is given. still sweeping-through agriculture. nent solution lies in a reversal of our Fourth. If the area bidding is one emigration trend-a trend that is illogi More than 20 million people left the coun where unemployment and underemploy tryside for the city. cal and dangerous under present condi A third of our total population left the ment exceeds the national average or tions. I hope that the Congress will act city and settled in suburbia. where serious emigration problems exist, to encourage rural residence, and strike All of this-and more-occurred without a 2-percent credit would r.e given. at the heart of the emigration problem any real national recognition of what it The Secretary of Labor would deter the lack of opportunity for employment meant. mine at least quarterly, those areas of in nonfarm production and services. I What is needed is a reversal of this serious emigration. feel that the incentives proposed in these population trend. Rural America offers a The second bill provides incentives for bills are in the best interest of our rural viable alternative to .further urban the establishment of new or expanded community, our urban areas, and on the crowding. We must begin to establish a job-producing industrial and commercial Nation as a whole and its future. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES-Tuesday, January 7, 1969 The House met at 12 o'clock noon. THE JOURNAL SWEARING IN OF MEMBER-ELECT The Chaplain, Rev. Edward G. Latch, The Journal of the proceedings of yes .. The SPEAKER. Will any Member D.D., offered the following prayer: terday was read and approved. elect who has not been sworn come to Lead me in Thy truth and teach me, the well of the House and take th3 oath for Thou art the God of my salvation. of office? Psalm 25: 5. Mr. TAFT appeared at the bar of the O Lord, our God, grant unto the Mem MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT House and took the oath of office. bers of this body, and all who work with Sundry messages in writing from the them and for them, a fresh sense of Thy President of the United States were com presence as we take up the duties of this municated to the House by Mr. Geisler, day. May we learn to think Thy thoughts one of his secretaries. THE LATE HONORABLE A. LEONARD after Thee and to keep our hearts open to ALLEN our people that to us will come wisdom as we make decisions, good will as we (Mr. LONG of Louisiana asked and was relate ourselves to one another, and MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE given permission to address the House courage as we endeavor to do what is A message from the Senate by Mr. for 1 minute and to revise and extend his right and good for all. Arrington, one of its clerks, announced remarks.) In this moment of prayer do Thou- that the Senate had passed without Mr. LONG of Louisiana. Mr. Speaker, amendment a concurrent resolution of I find it my sad duty today to advise Breathe on us, breath of God, the House officially of the passing of one Fill us with life anew, the House of the following title: That we may love what Thou dost love, H. Con. Res. 1. Concurrent resolution mak of Congress most distinguished former And do what Thou wouldst do. ing the necessary arrangements for the in Members, the Honorable A. Leonard auguration of the President-elect and Vice Allen, of Winnfield, La. Mr. Allen died In the Master's name we pray. Amen. President-elect of the United States. quietly early Sunday morning, January