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Heritage Assessment and Management Field and Holds a B.A PROJECT NAME: EZULU GAME RESERVE, BETWEEN RIEBEECK EAST AND BEDFORD, BLUE CRANE AND MAKANA LOCAL MUNICIPALITIES, SARAH BAARTMAN DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY, EASTERN CAPE PROVINCE HERITAGE STUDY: HERITAGE AUDIT REPORT Issue Date: 10 December 2020 Revision No: 2 PGS Project No: HM474 FOR: NCC Environmental Services (Pty) Lt EZULU - HERITAGE AUDIT 1 DETAILS OF CLIENT AND AUTHOR CLIENT: NCC Environmental Services (Pty) Ltd CONTACT PERSON: Mr. Jonathan Szoke Email: [email protected] Tel: +27 21 702 2884 Extension: 245 Fax: +27 86 555 0693 / +27 21 701 5302 LEADING CONSULTANT: PGS Heritage (Pty) Ltd CONTACT PERSON: Polke Birkholtz Tel: (012) 332 5305, Email: [email protected] SIGNATURE: ______________________ COPYRIGHT Copyright in all documents, drawings and records whether manually or electronically produced, which form part of the submission and any subsequent report or project document shall vest in PGS. None of the documents, drawings or records may be used or applied in any manner, nor may they be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means whatsoever for or to any other person, without the prior written consent of PGS. The Client, on acceptance of any submission by PGS Heritage and on condition that the Client pays to PGS Heritage the full price for the work as agreed, shall be entitled to use for its own benefit and for the specified project only: i. The results of the project; ii. The technology described in any report; and iii. The recommendations delivered to the Client. EZULU - HERITAGE AUDIT 1 DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE AND SUMMARY OF EXPERTISE The report has been compiled by PGS Heritage (Pty) Ltd, an appointed Heritage Specialist for NCC Environmental Services (Pty) Ltd. The views stipulated in this report are purely objective and no other interests are displayed during the decision-making processes discussed in this assessment. HERITAGE CONSULTANT: PGS Heritage (Pty) Ltd CONTACT PERSON: Polke Birkholtz SIGNATURE: ______________________________ SUMMARY OF EXPERTISE: Polke Birkholtz, the Project Manager and author, is registered with the Association of Southern African Professional Archaeologists (ASAPA) as a Professional Archaeologist and is accredited with the CRM Section of ASAPA. He has 20 years’ experience in the heritage assessment and management field and holds a B.A. (cum laude) from the University of Pretoria specialising in Archaeology, Anthropology and History as well as a B.A. (Hons.) in Archaeology (cum laude) from the same institution. Jennifer Kitto, co-author, has 22 years’ experience in the heritage sector, a large part of which involved working for a government department responsible for administering the National Heritage Resources Act, No 25 of 1999. She is therefore well-versed in the legislative requirements of heritage management. She holds a BA in Archaeology and Social Anthropology and a BA (Hons) in Social Anthropology. EZULU - HERITAGE AUDIT 2 Report Title Heritage Audit for the Ezulu Game Reserve, between Riebeeck East and Bedford, Blue Crane and Makana Local Municipalities, Sarah Baartman District Municipality, Eastern Cape Province Control Name Signature Designation Author/s Polke Birkholtz Project Manager / Heritage Specialist / Archaeologst - PGS Heritage Jennifer Kitto Heritage Specialist - PGS Heritage EZULU - HERITAGE AUDIT 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Overview of Heritage Audit PGS Heritage (Pty) Ltd was appointed by NCC Environmental Services (Pty) Ltd to conduct a Heritage Audit and develop an associated Heritage Management Policy (HMP) for the heritage resources identified during the audit process. The Heritage Audit was undertaken for the Ezulu Game Reserve, which is located on various farms situated between the towns of Riebeeck East and Bedford, in the Blue Crane and Makana Local Municipalities, Sarah Baartman District Municipality in the Eastern Cape Province. The study area is approximately 23 763 hectares in extent. The purpose of the Heritage Audit is to compile a database of known heritage resources within a particular area as the point of departure for the management of such identified resources. This is important because heritage resources are protected in terms of the National Heritage Resources Act, No 25 of 1999, (NHRA) from inter alia, destruction or damage, excavation or removal, or other disturbance, without a permit from the responsible heritage resources authority. The National Heritage Resources Act, No. 25 of 1999, (NHRA) states that heritage resources are unique and non-renewable and, as such, any impact on such resources must be seen as significant (NHRA, section 5(1)(a)). The NHRA specifically protects certain categories of heritage resources, i.e.: structures, archaeological and palaeontological (including meteorological) sites and material and graves and burial grounds (NHRA, sections 34, 35 and 36). Furthermore, Section 38 of the NHRA provides for and regulates the compilation of impact assessment reports of heritage resources that may be affected by construction or development activities. This Audit includes an Archaeological and Historical Desktop Study for the project area. This study revealed that the project area and surrounding landscape have a long and diverse historical and archaeological history and that significant potential exists for archaeological and historical sites and material to be located within the study area. The study also identified specific heritage sensitive areas within the study area. This report includes the findings and recommendations of the archaeological and heritage field surveys undertaken of the Ezulu Game Reserve. As will be shown below, these surveys identified a large number of sensitive heritage resources on these properties. Findings of the Fieldwork undertaken during the Heritage Audit A total of 49 heritage sites were identified within the total study area. These heritage sites were numbered from EZU 001 to EZU 049. This fieldwork was undertaken ove two periods during August and October 2020. EZULU - HERITAGE AUDIT 4 The following types of heritage resources were identified within the overall study area of the Ezulu Game Reserve: 11 historical farmsteads or remains of such farmsteads (EZU 2, EZU 4, EZU 6, EZU 10, EZU 11, EZU 12, EZU 15, EZU 27, EZU 40, EZU 43, EZU 48); five historical dwelling structures /farmworker housing (EZU 5, EZU 8, EZU 13, EZU 30, EZU 35); 13 historical non-dwelling structures, including stone packed walls, a stone entrance gate, stone packed weirs, concrete low water bridges, and stone markers or posts(EZU 3, EZU 9, EZU 14, EZU 17, EZU 18, EZU 19, EZU 29, EZU 38, EZU 41, EZU 42, EZU 44, EZU 45, EZU 46); 12 historical burial ground or grave sites (EZU 1, EZU 7, EZU 16, EZU 21, EZU 22, EZU 23, EZU 25, EZU 26, EZU 28, EZU 33, EZU 34, EZU 47) and seven archaeological sites , including six MSA stone tool surface scatters (EZU 20, EZU 31, EZU 32, EZU36, EZU 39, EZU 49) and one rock art site (EZU 23)). A section of historic road (EZU 37) was also identified. Note that the four historical dwelling structures/ farmworker housing sites could contain possible unmarked (infant) graves. In terms of black African tradition, stillborn babies were often buried in unmarked graves underneath or adjacent to the homesteads of their parents. General Observations and Recommendations The Heritage Management Policy document provided together with this Heritage Audit report outlines the mitigation measures required in the case of any proposed construction or alteration activities on the heritage resources identified, as well as the Action Plan by way of which mitigation measures must be implemented. The reports also provide guidance on the general management of the identified heritage resources. Conclusions This Heritage Audit report provides a database of known information regarding the tangible heritage resources from the study area, and as such represents a foundation block for the future management of these heritage resources. The Heritage Management Policy document, provided together with this Heritage Audit report, outlines the mitigation measures required in the case of any proposed construction or alteration activities on the heritage resources identified, as well as the Action Plan by way of which mitigation measures must be implemented. The reports also provide guidance on the general management of the identified heritage resources. EZULU - HERITAGE AUDIT 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION _____________________________________________________________ 7 2. SCOPE OF WORK ___________________________________________________________ 112 3. ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY _________________________________________________ 15 4. DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA _____________________________________________ 17 5. FIELDWORK FINDINGS __________________________________ Error! Bookmark not defined. 6. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS _________________ Error! Bookmark not defined.4 7. REFERENCES _________________________________________ Error! Bookmark not defined.5 EZULU - HERITAGE AUDIT 6 1. INTRODUCTION PGS Heritage (Pty) Ltd was appointed by NCC Environmental Services (Pty) Ltd to conduct a Heritage Audit and develop an associated Heritage Management Policy (HMP) for the heritage resources identified during the audit process. The Heritage Audit was undertaken for the Ezulu Game Reserve which is located between Riebeeck East and Bedford in the Blue Crane and Makana Local Municipalities, Sarah Baartman District Municipality, Eastern Cape Province. The Audit identified a large number of heritage resources located
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